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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israelite_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israelite_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Israelite period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israelite_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Temple_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Temple_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Second Temple period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Temple_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Roman,_Byzantine,_and_Early_Muslim_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Roman,_Byzantine,_and_Early_Muslim_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Late Roman, Byzantine, and Early Muslim periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Roman,_Byzantine,_and_Early_Muslim_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crusader_&_Ayyubid_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crusader_&_Ayyubid_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Crusader & Ayyubid periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crusader_&_Ayyubid_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNESCO_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNESCO_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>UNESCO status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNESCO_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Archaeology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israelite_period_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israelite_period_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Israelite period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israelite_period_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellenistic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellenistic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Hellenistic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hellenistic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herodian_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herodian_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Herodian period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herodian_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Byzantine period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Quarters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Quarters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Quarters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Quarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Muslim_Quarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslim_Quarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Muslim Quarter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslim_Quarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_Quarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_Quarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Christian Quarter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_Quarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenian_Quarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_Quarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Armenian Quarter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_Quarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_Quarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_Quarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Jewish Quarter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_Quarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mughrabi_Quarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mughrabi_Quarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Mughrabi Quarter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mughrabi_Quarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Old City of Jerusalem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3)" title="البلدة القديمة (القدس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البلدة القديمة (القدس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciud%C3%A1_vieya_de_Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Ciudá vieya de Xerusalén – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciudá vieya de Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerus%C9%99limin_k%C3%B6hn%C9%99_%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99ri" title="Yerusəlimin köhnə şəhəri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yerusəlimin köhnə şəhəri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0" title="জেরুসালেমের পুরনো শহর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেরুসালেমের পুরনো শহর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Стары горад Іерусаліма – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стары горад Іерусаліма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC)" title="Старое места (Ерусалім) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Старое места (Ерусалім)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat_vella_de_Jerusalem" title="Ciutat vella de Jerusalem – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutat vella de Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_City_(bahin_nga_lungsod)" title="Old City (bahin nga lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Old City (bahin nga lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto_(Jeruzal%C3%A9m)" title="Staré Město (Jeruzalém) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Staré Město (Jeruzalém)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_Gamle_By_i_Jerusalem" title="Den Gamle By i Jerusalem – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den Gamle By i Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemer_Altstadt" title="Jerusalemer Altstadt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jerusalemer Altstadt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%99%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Παλαιά Πόλη Ιεροσολύμων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παλαιά Πόλη Ιεροσολύμων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_vieja_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Ciudad vieja de Jerusalén – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudad vieja de Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnova_Urbo_(Jerusalemo)" title="Malnova Urbo (Jerusalemo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malnova Urbo (Jerusalemo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemgo_Hiri_Zaharra" title="Jerusalemgo Hiri Zaharra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jerusalemgo Hiri Zaharra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="شهر قدیم اورشلیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهر قدیم اورشلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieille_ville_de_J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Vieille ville de Jérusalem – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vieille ville de Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_vella_de_Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Cidade vella de Xerusalén – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cidade vella de Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EB%A3%A8%EC%82%B4%EB%A0%98_%EA%B5%AC%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%80" title="예루살렘 구시가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예루살렘 구시가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84" title="Երուսաղեմի հին քաղաք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երուսաղեմի հին քաղաք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="पुराना यरुशलम शहर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुराना यरुशलम शहर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stari_grad_Jeruzalem" title="Stari grad Jeruzalem – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stari grad Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tua_Yerusalem" title="Kota Tua Yerusalem – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota Tua Yerusalem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Cit%C3%A9_de_Jerusalem" title="Old Cité de Jerusalem – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Old Cité de Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_Vecchia_di_Gerusalemme" title="Città Vecchia di Gerusalemme – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Città Vecchia di Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="העיר העתיקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העיר העתיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_lawas_Yerusalem" title="Kutha lawas Yerusalem – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kutha lawas Yerusalem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98)" title="ძველი ქალაქი (იერუსალიმი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძველი ქალაქი (იერუსალიმი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivdad_Vieja_de_Yerushalayim" title="Sivdad Vieja de Yerushalayim – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sivdad Vieja de Yerushalayim" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ນະຄອນດາວິດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນະຄອນດາວິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C4%97s_senamiestis" title="Jeruzalės senamiestis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jeruzalės senamiestis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzs%C3%A1lem_%C3%B3v%C3%A1rosa" title="Jeruzsálem óvárosa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jeruzsálem óvárosa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC)" title="Стар град (Ерусалим) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стар град (Ерусалим)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan%C3%A0na_Tranain%27_i_Jerosalema" title="Tanàna Tranain' i Jerosalema – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tanàna Tranain' i Jerosalema" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="जेरुसलेमचे जुने शहर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जेरुसलेमचे जुने शहर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98)" title="ჯვეში ნოღა (იერუსალიმი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვეში ნოღა (იერუსალიმი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87" title="القدس القديمه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القدس القديمه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Lama_Baitulmaqdis" title="Kota Lama Baitulmaqdis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kota Lama Baitulmaqdis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Иерусалимын хуучин хот – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иерусалимын хуучин хот" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%86%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျေရုဆလင်မြို့ဟောင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျေရုဆလင်မြို့ဟောင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oude_Stad_(Jeruzalem)" title="Oude Stad (Jeruzalem) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oude Stad (Jeruzalem)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE)" title="पुरानो सहर (जेरुसेलम) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पुरानो सहर (जेरुसेलम)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A0%E6%97%A7%E5%B8%82%E8%A1%97" title="エルサレム旧市街 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルサレム旧市街" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamlebyen_(Jerusalem)" title="Gamlebyen (Jerusalem) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gamlebyen (Jerusalem)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC)" title="Тошто ола (Иерусалим) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тошто ола (Иерусалим)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1_(%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%85)" title="قدیم شہر (یروشلم) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قدیم شہر (یروشلم)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85" title="پخوانی يروشليم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پخوانی يروشليم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stare_Miasto_(Jerozolima)" title="Stare Miasto (Jerozolima) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stare Miasto (Jerozolima)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_Antiga_(Jerusal%C3%A9m)" title="Cidade Antiga (Jerusalém) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cidade Antiga (Jerusalém)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalimul_Vechi" title="Ierusalimul Vechi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ierusalimul Vechi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC)" title="Старый город (Иерусалим) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Старый город (Иерусалим)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auld_Ceety_(Jerusalem)" title="Auld Ceety (Jerusalem) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Auld Ceety (Jerusalem)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qyteti_i_vjet%C3%ABr_i_Jeruzalemit" title="Qyteti i vjetër i Jeruzalemit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qyteti i vjetër i Jeruzalemit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" title="Old City (Jerusalem) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Old City (Jerusalem)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-Ir_ha-Atika" title="Ha-Ir ha-Atika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ha-Ir ha-Atika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC)" title="Стари град (Јерусалим) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стари град (Јерусалим)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stari_grad_Jeruzalem" title="Stari grad Jeruzalem – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stari grad Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemin_vanhakaupunki" title="Jerusalemin vanhakaupunki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerusalemin vanhakaupunki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamla_staden,_Jerusalem" title="Gamla staden, Jerusalem – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gamla staden, Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumang_Lungsod" title="Lumang Lungsod – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lumang Lungsod" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="பழைய நகர் (எருசலேம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பழைய நகர் (எருசலேம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Old_City_of_Jerusalem&params=31_46_36_N_35_14_03_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°46′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°14′03″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.77667°N 35.23417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.77667; 35.23417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_City_(Jerusalem)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City (Jerusalem)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Walled area in East Jerusalem</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:192px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-06_East_Jerusalem_090_(14936890061).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/2014-06_East_Jerusalem_090_%2814936890061%29.jpg/288px-2014-06_East_Jerusalem_090_%2814936890061%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/2014-06_East_Jerusalem_090_%2814936890061%29.jpg/432px-2014-06_East_Jerusalem_090_%2814936890061%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/2014-06_East_Jerusalem_090_%2814936890061%29.jpg/576px-2014-06_East_Jerusalem_090_%2814936890061%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG/134px-OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG/201px-OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG/268px-OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_(8141570490).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jerusalem_%288141570490%29.jpg/150px-Jerusalem_%288141570490%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jerusalem_%288141570490%29.jpg/225px-Jerusalem_%288141570490%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jerusalem_%288141570490%29.jpg/300px-Jerusalem_%288141570490%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/142px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/213px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/284px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JERUSALEM_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/JERUSALEM_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK.jpg/142px-JERUSALEM_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/JERUSALEM_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK.jpg/213px-JERUSALEM_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/JERUSALEM_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK.jpg/284px-JERUSALEM_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3086" data-file-height="2040" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption"><b>Clockwise from top:</b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>View of the Old City and the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></li> <li>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a></li> <li>Entrance view of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Souk_(Old_City)" title="Arab Souk (Old City)">Arab bazaar</a> in the Old City</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">Location</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, iii, vi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148">148</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1981 (5th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_in_Danger" title="List of World Heritage in Danger">Endangered</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1982–present</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Jerusalem" title="Category:Jerusalem">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/200px-%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/300px-%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/400px-%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1410" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem">History</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jerusalem" title="Timeline of Jerusalem">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of David (historic)">City of David</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_during_the_Second_Temple_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period">Second Temple Period</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 538 BCE–70 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina" title="Aelia Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 130–325 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_during_the_Byzantine_period" title="Jerusalem during the Byzantine period">Byzantine</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 325–638 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Early_Muslim_period" title="History of Jerusalem during the Early Muslim period">Early Muslim</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 638–1099</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusader</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1099–1187</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Jerusalem" title="Medieval Jerusalem">Late Medieval</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1187–1517</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Ottoman</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1517–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1917–1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Modern period <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_annexation_of_East_Jerusalem" title="Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem">Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem</a>)</li></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948-</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Sieges</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Before Common Era</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_siege_of_Jerusalem" title="Assyrian siege of Jerusalem">701 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(597_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)">597 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">587 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(63_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)">63 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(37_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC)">37 BCE</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Common Era</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_conquest_of_Jerusalem" title="Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem">614</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(636%E2%80%93637)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)">637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">1099</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">1187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1244)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1244)">1244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1834)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1834)">1834</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem" title="Battle of Jerusalem">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem" title="Battle for Jerusalem">1948</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Jerusalem" title="List of places in Jerusalem">Places</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogues_of_Jerusalem" title="Synagogues of Jerusalem">Synagogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Jerusalem" title="List of mosques in Jerusalem">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Biblical_Zoo" title="Jerusalem Biblical Zoo">Biblical Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Lazarus" title="Tomb of Lazarus">Tomb of Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University" title="Al-Quds University">Al-Quds University</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Jerusalem" title="List of people from Jerusalem">People</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem" title="Demographic history of Jerusalem">Demographic history</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Jerusalem" title="Mayor of Jerusalem">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi_of_Jerusalem" title="Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem">Chief Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem" title="Grand Mufti of Jerusalem">Grand Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">Crusader kings</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Political status</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_significance_of_Jerusalem" title="Religious significance of Jerusalem">Religious significance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem in Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Jerusalem Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quds_Day" title="Quds Day">Quds Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaization_of_Jerusalem" title="Judaization of Jerusalem">Judaization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Jerusalem" title="Islamization of Jerusalem">Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">US recognition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Other topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Jerusalem" title="Names of Jerusalem">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of Jerusalem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Municipality" title="Jerusalem Municipality">Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Jerusalem" title="Greater Jerusalem">Greater Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Jerusalem" title="Cuisine of Jerusalem">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Line_(Jerusalem)" title="City Line (Jerusalem)">City Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Jerusalem" title="Transport in Jerusalem">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Jerusalem" title="List of songs about Jerusalem">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_Jerusalem" title="Cartography of Jerusalem">Historical maps</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jerusalem_sidebar" title="Template:Jerusalem sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jerusalem_sidebar" title="Template talk:Jerusalem sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jerusalem_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jerusalem sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Old City of Jerusalem</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">הָעִיר הָעַתִּיקָה</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Ha'ír Ha'atiká</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">المدينة القديمة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Madīna al-Qadīma</i></span>) is a 0.9-square-kilometre (0.35 sq mi) <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">walled area</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>. </p><p>In a tradition that may have begun with an <a href="/wiki/1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_maps_of_Palestine,_Lebanon_and_Syria" title="1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria">1840s British map of the city</a>, the Old City is divided into four uneven quarters: the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian Quarter</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wager_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wager-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fifth area, the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, known to Muslims as <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a> or <i>Haram al-Sharif</i>, is home to the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>, and was once the site of <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">the Jewish Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Teller_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teller-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Old City's <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">current walls</a> and city gates were built by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> from 1535 to 1542 under <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>. The Old City is home to several sites of key importance and holiness to the three major <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>: the Temple Mount and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> for <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> for <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque for <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. The Old City, along with its walls, was added to the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> list of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in 1981. </p><p>In spite of its name, the Old City of Jerusalem's current layout is different from that of ancient times. Most archeologists believe that the <a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(archaeological_site)" title="City of David (archaeological site)">City of David</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archaeological site</a> on a rocky spur south of the Temple Mount, was the original settlement core of Jerusalem during the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At times, the ancient city spread to the east and north, covering <a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a> and the Temple Mount. The Old City as defined by the walls of Suleiman is thus shifted a bit northwards compared to earlier periods of the city's history, and smaller than it had been in its peak, during the late <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_during_the_Second_Temple_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period">Second Temple period</a>. The Old City's current layout has been documented in significant detail, notably in <a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_Jerusalem" title="Cartography of Jerusalem">old maps of Jerusalem</a> over the last 1,500 years. </p><p>Until the mid-19th century, the entire city of Jerusalem, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/David%27s_Tomb" title="David's Tomb">David's Tomb complex</a>, was enclosed within the Old City walls. The <a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Jerusalem_in_the_19th_century" title="Expansion of Jerusalem in the 19th century">departure from the walls</a> began in the 19th century, when the city's municipal borders were expanded to include <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> villages such as <a href="/wiki/Silwan" title="Silwan">Silwan</a> and new <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> neighborhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Mishkenot_Sha%27ananim" title="Mishkenot Sha'ananim">Mishkenot Sha'ananim</a>. The Old City came under <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian control</a> following the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 Six-Day War</a>, Israel occupied East Jerusalem; since then, the entire city has been under Israeli control. Israel unilaterally asserted in its 1980 <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a> that the whole of Jerusalem was Israel's capital.<sup id="cite_ref-basiclaw_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basiclaw-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In international law, <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> is defined as <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">territory occupied by Israel</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1967, the Old City contained 17,000 Muslims, 6,000 Christians (including Armenians) and no Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-Bracha_Slae_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracha_Slae-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current population of the Old City resides mostly in the Muslim quarter. In 2007, the total population was 36,965; there were 27,500 Muslims (growing to over 30,000 by 2013); 5,681 non-Armenian Christians, 790 Armenians (who decreased in number to about 500 by 2013); and 3,089 Jews (with almost 3,000 plus some 1,500 <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a> students by 2013).<sup id="cite_ref-urbanfabric_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanfabric-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bracha_Slae_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracha_Slae-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beltran_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beltran-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2020, Old City's population dropped to 31,120.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_status">Political status</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, the Old City was <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">captured by Jordan</a> and all its Jewish residents were evicted. During the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967, which saw hand-to-hand fighting on the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, Israeli forces captured the Old City along with the rest of <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, subsequently annexing them as Israeli territory and reuniting them with the western part of the city. Today, the Israeli government controls the entire area, which it considers part of its national capital. However, the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a> of 1980, which effectively annexed East Jerusalem to Israel, was declared null and void by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">United Nations Security Council Resolution 478</a>. East Jerusalem is now regarded by the international community as part of <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupied</a> Palestinian territory.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jerusalem" title="Timeline of Jerusalem">Timeline of Jerusalem</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israelite_period">Israelite period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(archaeological_site)" title="City of David (archaeological site)">City of David (archaeological site)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Broad-Wall-770.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Jerusalem-Broad-Wall-770.jpg/220px-Jerusalem-Broad-Wall-770.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Jerusalem-Broad-Wall-770.jpg/330px-Jerusalem-Broad-Wall-770.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Jerusalem-Broad-Wall-770.jpg/440px-Jerusalem-Broad-Wall-770.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Broad_Wall_(Jerusalem)" title="Broad Wall (Jerusalem)">The Broad Wall</a>, part of the wall surrounding the city's western hill, built by <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a>, during the late-8th century BCE</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, before <a href="/wiki/King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jebus" title="Siege of Jebus">conquest of Jerusalem</a> in the 11th century BCE the city was home to the <a href="/wiki/Jebusites" title="Jebusites">Jebusites</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> describes the city as heavily fortified with a strong <a href="/wiki/City_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="City wall">city wall</a>, a fact confirmed by archaeology. The Bible names the city ruled by King David as the <a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of David (historic)">City of David</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> Ir David, which was identified southeast of the Old City walls, outside the <a href="/wiki/Dung_Gate" title="Dung Gate">Dung Gate</a>. In the Bible, David's son, <a href="/wiki/King_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="King Solomon">King Solomon</a>, extended the city walls to include the Temple and Temple Mount. After the partition of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Kingdom of Israel</a>, the southern tribes remained in Jerusalem, with the city becoming the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jerusalem was largely extended westwards after the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Assyrian">Neo-Assyrian</a> destruction of the northern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a> and the resulting influx of refugees. King <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> had been preparing for an Assyrian invasion by fortifying the walls of the capital, building towers, and constructing a tunnel to bring fresh water to the city from a spring outside its walls.<sup id="cite_ref-Spar_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spar-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made at least two major preparations that would help Jerusalem to resist conquest: the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Siloam_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Siloam Tunnel">Siloam Tunnel</a>, and construction of the <a href="/wiki/Broad_Wall_(Jerusalem)" title="Broad Wall (Jerusalem)">Broad Wall</a>. </p><p>The First Temple period ended around 586 BCE, as <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar's</a> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">conquered Judah and Jerusalem</a>, and laid waste to <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> and the city.<sup id="cite_ref-BU22_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BU22-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Temple_period">Second Temple period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_during_the_Second_Temple_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period">Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period</a></div> <p>In 538 BCE, the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of Persia">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a> invited the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Jews of Babylon</a> to <a href="/wiki/Return_to_Zion" title="Return to Zion">return to Judah</a> to rebuild the Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Temple of Jerusalem">Second Temple</a> was completed in 516 BCE, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Darius_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I of Persia">Darius the Great</a>, 70 years after the destruction of the First Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In about 440 BCE, the city was rebuilt on a smaller scale during the Persian period, when, according to the Bible, <a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a> led the Jews who returned from the Babylonian Exile. An additional, so-called Second Wall, was built by King <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a>, who also <a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Herod's Temple">expanded the Temple Mount</a> and rebuilt the Temple. In 41–44 CE, <a href="/wiki/Agrippa_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrippa I">Agrippa</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, started building the so-called "Third Wall" around the northern suburbs. The entire city was totally <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of jerusalem">destroyed by the Romans</a> in 70 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NinthAvStonesWesternWall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/NinthAvStonesWesternWall.JPG/220px-NinthAvStonesWesternWall.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/NinthAvStonesWesternWall.JPG/330px-NinthAvStonesWesternWall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/NinthAvStonesWesternWall.JPG/440px-NinthAvStonesWesternWall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Stones from the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> thrown during the Roman <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">Siege of Jerusalem</a> in 70 CE</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Roman,_Byzantine,_and_Early_Muslim_periods"><span id="Late_Roman.2C_Byzantine.2C_and_Early_Muslim_periods"></span>Late Roman, Byzantine, and Early Muslim periods</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina" title="Aelia Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages">History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Early_Muslim_period" title="History of Jerusalem during the Early Muslim period">History of Jerusalem during the Early Muslim period</a></div> <p>The northern part of the city was rebuilt by the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> around 130, under the name Aelia Capitolina. In the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> period Jerusalem was extended southwards and again enclosed by city walls. </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> occupied Byzantine Jerusalem in the 7th century (637 CE) under the second caliph, `<a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> Ibn al-Khattab who annexed it to the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Arab Empire</a>. He granted its inhabitants an assurance treaty. After the siege of Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Sophronius_of_Jerusalem" title="Sophronius of Jerusalem">Sophronius</a> welcomed `Umar, allegedly because, according to biblical prophecies known to the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a> in Jerusalem, "a poor, but just and powerful man" would rise to be a protector and ally to the <a href="/wiki/Christian_(word)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian (word)">Christians</a> of Jerusalem. Sophronius believed that `Umar, a great warrior who led an austere life, was a fulfillment of this prophecy. In the account by the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">Patriarch of Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Eutychius_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Eutychius of Alexandria">Eutychius</a>, it is said that `Umar paid a visit to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> and sat in its courtyard. When the time for prayer arrived, however, he left the church and prayed outside the compound, in order to avoid having future generations of Muslims use his prayer there as a pretext for converting the church into a mosque. Eutychius adds that `Umar also wrote a decree which he handed to the Patriarch, in which he prohibited Muslims gathering in prayer at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bab_al-Amud_-_Damascus_Gate,_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bab_al-Amud_-_Damascus_Gate%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/150px-Bab_al-Amud_-_Damascus_Gate%2C_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bab_al-Amud_-_Damascus_Gate%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/225px-Bab_al-Amud_-_Damascus_Gate%2C_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bab_al-Amud_-_Damascus_Gate%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/300px-Bab_al-Amud_-_Damascus_Gate%2C_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Remains of Late Roman-period gate under <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Gate" title="Damascus Gate">Damascus Gate</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader_&_Ayyubid_periods"><span id="Crusader_.26_Ayyubid_periods"></span>Crusader & Ayyubid periods</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem">History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></div> <p>In 1099, Jerusalem was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Christian">Western Christian</a> army of the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> and it remained in their hands until recaptured by the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslims" title="Arab Muslims">Arab Muslims</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>, on October 2, 1187. He summoned the Jews and permitted them to resettle in the city. In 1219, the walls of the city were razed by <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Damascus">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">Al-Mu'azzam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>; in 1229, by treaty with <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, Jerusalem came into the hands of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II of Germany</a>. In 1239 he began to rebuild the walls, but they were demolished again by <a href="/wiki/Da%27ud" class="mw-redirect" title="Da'ud">Da'ud</a>, the emir of <a href="/wiki/Kerak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerak">Kerak</a>. In 1243, Jerusalem came again under the control of the Christians, and the walls were repaired. The <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_army_between_1231_and_1246" title="Khwarazmian army between 1231 and 1246">Khwarazmian Turks</a> took the city in 1244 and Sultan Malik al-Muazzam razed the walls, rendering it again defenseless and dealing a heavy blow to the city's status. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem">History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:286px;max-width:286px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1865_Ordnance_Survey_of_Jerusalem_Old_City_full_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/1865_Ordnance_Survey_of_Jerusalem_Old_City_full_map.jpg/128px-1865_Ordnance_Survey_of_Jerusalem_Old_City_full_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/1865_Ordnance_Survey_of_Jerusalem_Old_City_full_map.jpg/192px-1865_Ordnance_Survey_of_Jerusalem_Old_City_full_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/1865_Ordnance_Survey_of_Jerusalem_Old_City_full_map.jpg/256px-1865_Ordnance_Survey_of_Jerusalem_Old_City_full_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12000" data-file-height="17474" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_of_Jerusalem" title="Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem">Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem</a> (1865)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_City_of_Jerusalem_map_by_Survey_of_Palestine_map_1-2,500.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Old_City_of_Jerusalem_map_by_Survey_of_Palestine_map_1-2%2C500.jpg/150px-Old_City_of_Jerusalem_map_by_Survey_of_Palestine_map_1-2%2C500.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Old_City_of_Jerusalem_map_by_Survey_of_Palestine_map_1-2%2C500.jpg/225px-Old_City_of_Jerusalem_map_by_Survey_of_Palestine_map_1-2%2C500.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Old_City_of_Jerusalem_map_by_Survey_of_Palestine_map_1-2%2C500.jpg/300px-Old_City_of_Jerusalem_map_by_Survey_of_Palestine_map_1-2%2C500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7194" data-file-height="8850" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Survey_of_Palestine" title="Survey of Palestine">Survey of Palestine</a> (1936)</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_Jerusalem" title="Cartography of Jerusalem">cartography of the Old City of Jerusalem</a> culminated in these two detailed British maps, showing the city as it stood in the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>The current walls of the Old City were built in 1535–42 by the Ottoman Turkish sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. The walls stretch for approximately 4.5 km (2.8 miles), and rise to a height of between 5 and 15 metres (16.4–49 ft), with a thickness of 3 metres (10 feet) at the base of the wall.<sup id="cite_ref-Wager_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wager-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altogether, the Old City walls contain 35 towers, of which 15 are concentrated in the more exposed northern wall.<sup id="cite_ref-Wager_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wager-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suleiman's wall had six gates, to which a seventh, the New Gate, was added in 1887; several other, older gates, have been walled up over the centuries. The Golden Gate was at first rebuilt and left open by Suleiman's architects, only to be walled up a short while later. The New Gate was opened in the wall surrounding the Christian Quarter during the 19th century. Two secondary gates were reopened in recent times on the southeastern side of the city walls as a result of archaeological work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UNESCO_status">UNESCO status</h2></div> <p>In 1980, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> proposed that the Old City be listed as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was added to the List in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, Jordan requested that it be added to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_in_Danger" title="List of World Heritage in Danger">List of World Heritage in Danger</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> government opposed the request, noting that the Jordanian government had no standing to make such a nomination and that the consent of the Israeli government would be required since it effectively controlled Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, UNESCO issued a statement reiterating its view that <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> is "part of the occupied <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territory</a>, and that the status of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> must be resolved in permanent status negotiations."<sup id="cite_ref-unesco-20110715_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-20110715-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israelite_period_2">Israelite period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HaMigdal_HaIsraeli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/HaMigdal_HaIsraeli.jpg/220px-HaMigdal_HaIsraeli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/HaMigdal_HaIsraeli.jpg/330px-HaMigdal_HaIsraeli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/HaMigdal_HaIsraeli.jpg/440px-HaMigdal_HaIsraeli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The Israelite Tower dating back to the Iron Age</figcaption></figure> <p>Among the Israelite period finds in the Old City are two portions of the 8th and 7th century BCE city walls, in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Israelite_Tower" title="Israelite Tower">Israelite Tower</a>, probably including parts of a gate where numerous projectiles were found, attesting to the Babylonian sack of Jerusalem in 586 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-VaughnKill_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VaughnKill-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shelby2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelby2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another part of the late 8th-century BCE fortification discovered was dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Broad_Wall_(Jerusalem)" title="Broad Wall (Jerusalem)">"broad wall"</a>, after the way it was described in the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Book of Nehemiah</a></i>, built to defend Jerusalem against the <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_siege_of_Jerusalem" title="Assyrian siege of Jerusalem">Assyrian siege of Jerusalem</a> of 701 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Shelby2_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelby2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VaughnKill_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VaughnKill-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellenistic_period">Hellenistic period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acra_fortress_-_Givati_Parking_Lot_dig_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Acra_fortress_-_Givati_Parking_Lot_dig_1.jpg/220px-Acra_fortress_-_Givati_Parking_Lot_dig_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Acra_fortress_-_Givati_Parking_Lot_dig_1.jpg/330px-Acra_fortress_-_Givati_Parking_Lot_dig_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Acra_fortress_-_Givati_Parking_Lot_dig_1.jpg/440px-Acra_fortress_-_Givati_Parking_Lot_dig_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Possible remains of the <a href="/wiki/Acra_(fortress)" title="Acra (fortress)">Acra fortress</a></figcaption></figure><p>In 2015, archaeologists uncovered the remnants of an impressive fort, built by Greeks in the center of old Jerusalem. It is believed that it is the remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Acra_(fortress)" title="Acra (fortress)">Acra fortress</a>. The team also found coins that date from the time of <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochus IV">Antiochus IV</a> to the time of <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochus VII">Antiochus VII</a>. In addition, they found Greek arrowheads, slingshots, ballistic stones and <a href="/wiki/Amphorae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphorae">amphorae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, archaeologists discovered a 4-centimeter-long <a href="/wiki/Filigree" title="Filigree">filigree</a> gold earring with a ram's head around 200 meters south of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Antiquities_Authority" title="Israel Antiquities Authority">Israel Antiquities Authority</a> said it was consistent with jewelry from the early <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> (3rd or early 2nd century BCE). Adding that it was the first time somebody finds a golden earring from the Hellenistic times in Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herodian_period">Herodian period</h3></div> <p>Many structures dated to the Herodian period were discovered in the Jewish Quarter during archaeological excavations carried out between 1967 and 1983. Among them was unearthed a palatial mansion from the Herodian period,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> believed to be the residence of <a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a> the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carta_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carta-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its vicinity, a depiction of the <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">Temple menorah</a> was discovered, carved while its model still stood in the Temple, engraved in a plastered wall.<sup id="cite_ref-Carta_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carta-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The palace has been destroyed during the final days of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">Roman siege of 70 CE</a>, suffering the same fate as the so-called <a href="/wiki/Burnt_House" title="Burnt House">Burnt House</a>, a building belonging to the Kathros priestly family, which was found nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shelby2_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelby2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresco_from_the_Second_Temple_Period,_Wohl_Archaeological_Museum,_The_Jewish_Quarter,_Jeruslem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fresco_from_the_Second_Temple_Period%2C_Wohl_Archaeological_Museum%2C_The_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jeruslem.jpg/220px-Fresco_from_the_Second_Temple_Period%2C_Wohl_Archaeological_Museum%2C_The_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jeruslem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fresco_from_the_Second_Temple_Period%2C_Wohl_Archaeological_Museum%2C_The_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jeruslem.jpg/330px-Fresco_from_the_Second_Temple_Period%2C_Wohl_Archaeological_Museum%2C_The_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jeruslem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fresco_from_the_Second_Temple_Period%2C_Wohl_Archaeological_Museum%2C_The_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jeruslem.jpg/440px-Fresco_from_the_Second_Temple_Period%2C_Wohl_Archaeological_Museum%2C_The_Jewish_Quarter%2C_Jeruslem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Fresco showing signs of burning, dating to the time of the destruction of the Second Temple, Wohl Archaeological Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1968, the <a href="/wiki/Trumpeting_Place_inscription" title="Trumpeting Place inscription">Trumpeting Place inscription</a> was found at the southwest corner of Temple Mount, and is believed to mark the site where the <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">priests</a> used to declare the advent of <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> and other Jewish holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3></div> <p>In the 1970s, while excavating the remains of the <a href="/wiki/New_Church_of_the_Theotokos" title="New Church of the Theotokos">Nea Church (the New Church of the Theotokos)</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> inscription was found. It reads: "This work too was donated by our most pious Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Flavius Justinian</a>, through the provision and care of Constantine, most saintly priest and abbot, in the 13th year of the <a href="/wiki/Indiction" title="Indiction">indiction</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-timesofisrael.com_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael.com-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second dedicatory inscription bearing the names of Emperor Justinian and of the same abbot of the Nea Church was discovered in 2017 among the ruins of a pilgrim hostel about a kilometre north of Damascus Gate, which proves the importance of the Nea complex at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-timesofisrael.com_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael.com-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quarters">Quarters</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_jerusalem_oldcity.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Map_jerusalem_oldcity.png/220px-Map_jerusalem_oldcity.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Map_jerusalem_oldcity.png/330px-Map_jerusalem_oldcity.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Map_jerusalem_oldcity.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Old City's modern quarters</figcaption></figure> <p>The Old City is currently divided into four uneven quarters: the Muslim Quarter, the Christian Quarter, the Armenian Quarter and the Jewish Quarter. Matthew Teller writes that this four-quarter convention may have originated in the <a href="/wiki/1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_maps_of_Palestine,_Lebanon_and_Syria" title="1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria">1841 British Royal Engineers map of Jerusalem</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Teller_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teller-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or at least Reverend <a href="/wiki/George_Williams_(priest)" title="George Williams (priest)">George Williams</a>' subsequent labelling of it.<sup id="cite_ref-Teller2_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teller2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fifth quarter, the <a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Quarter" title="Mughrabi Quarter">Mughrabi Quarter</a>, was demolished following the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorenberg200742_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorenberg200742-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This 19th-century cartographic partition into four quarters represented the historical development of the city that had previously been divided into many more <i>harat</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حارَة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Hārat</i></span>: "quarters", "neighborhoods", "districts" or "areas", see <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:حارة">wikt:حارة</a>);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnon19925–7_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnon19925–7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Christian and Jewish areas of the city had grown considerably over the preceding centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnon199212_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnon199212-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnon199216_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnon199216-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnon199217_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnon199217-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the names, there was no governing principle of ethnic segregation: 30 percent of the houses in the Muslim quarter were rented out to Jews, and 70 percent of the Armenian quarter.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="For what year or period are these values true? (August 2018)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Below is a table of the historically recorded quarters of the city, from 1495 up until the modern system:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnon199225–26_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnon199225–26-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="4">Local divisions </th> <th colspan="2">Western divisions </th></tr> <tr> <th>Date</th> <th>1495</th> <th>1500s</th> <th>1800s</th> <th>1900</th> <th colspan="2">1840s onwards </th></tr> <tr> <th>Source </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mujir_al-Din" title="Mujir al-Din">Mujir al-Din</a></th> <th>Ottoman census</th> <th>Traditional system</th> <th>Ottoman census</th> <th colspan="2">Modern maps </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="26">Quarters </th> <td>Ghuriyya (Turiyya)</td> <td></td> <td>Bab el-Asbat</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="6">Muslim Quarter (north)</td> <td rowspan="3"><i>North-east</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bab Hutta</td> <td>Bab Hutta</td> <td>Bab Hutta</td> <td>Bab Hutta </td></tr> <tr> <td>Masharqa</td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bani Zayd</td> <td>Bani Zayd</td> <td>Sa'diyya</td> <td>Sa'diyya</td> <td rowspan="3"><i>North-west</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bab el-'Amud</td> <td rowspan="2">Bab el-'Amud</td> <td rowspan="2">Bab el-'Amud</td> <td rowspan="2">Bab el-'Amud </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bani Murra </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zara'na</td> <td>Dara'na</td> <td>Haddadin</td> <td rowspan="5">Nasara</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a></td> <td><i>North</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"></td> <td>Khan ez-Zeyt</td> <td><i>East</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Nasara ("Christian")</td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td>Nasara</td> <td rowspan="2"><i>Middle and south</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mawarna </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jawalda</td> <td></td> <td>Jawalda</td> <td><i>West</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bani Harith</td> <td rowspan="2">Bani Harith</td> <td rowspan="2">Jawa'na</td> <td rowspan="3">Sharaf</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian Quarter</a></td> <td><i>West</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dawiyya</td> <td><i>North</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arman ("Armenian") </td> <td rowspan="2">Sihyun</td> <td>Arman</td> <td><i>South</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Yahud ("Jewish")</td> <td rowspan="6">Yahud</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><i>East</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Risha</td> <td rowspan="6">Silsila</td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><i>South</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maslakh </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saltin</td> <td>Khawaldi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sharaf </td> <td rowspan="2">Sharaf (Alam) </td></tr> <tr> <td>'Alam</td> <td><i>North</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Magharba ("Moroccan / Maghrebi")</td> <td>Magharba</td> <td>Magharba</td> <td><i>East</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Marzaban</td> <td rowspan="2">Bab el-Qattanin</td> <td>Bab es-Silsila</td> <td rowspan="4">Wad</td> <td rowspan="4">Muslim Quarter (south)</td> <td rowspan="4"><i>South</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qattanin </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Aqabet es-Sitta</td> <td>Wad </td></tr> <tr> <td>'Aqabet et-Takiya </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Outside the city walls)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/David%27s_Tomb" title="David's Tomb">Nebi Daud</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muslim_Quarter">Muslim Quarter</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حارَة المُسلِمين</span>, Hārat al-Muslimīn) is the largest and most populous of the four quarters and is situated in the northeastern corner of the Old City, extending from the Lions' Gate in the east, along the northern wall of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> in the south, to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Gate" title="Damascus Gate">Damascus Gate</a> route in the west. During the British Mandate, Sir <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Storrs" title="Ronald Storrs">Ronald Storrs</a> embarked on a project to rehabilitate the Cotton Market, which was badly neglected under the Turks. He describes it as a public latrine with piles of debris up to five feet high. With the help of the <a href="/wiki/Pro-Jerusalem_Society" title="Pro-Jerusalem Society">Pro-Jerusalem Society</a>, vaults, roofing and walls were restored, and looms were brought in to provide employment.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the other three quarters of the Old City, until the <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">riots of 1929</a> the Muslim quarter had a mixed population of Muslims, Christians, and also Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, there are "many Israeli settler homes" and "several <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshivas</a>", including <a href="/wiki/Ateret_Cohanim#Yeshivat_Ateret_Yerushalayim" title="Ateret Cohanim">Yeshivat Ateret Yerushalayim</a>, in the Muslim Quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-urbanfabric_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanfabric-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its population was 21,850 in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_Quarter">Christian Quarter</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_24.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_24.JPG/220px-Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_24.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_24.JPG/330px-Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_24.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_24.JPG/440px-Jerusalem_Holy_Sepulchre_BW_24.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3293" data-file-height="3061" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حارة النصارى</span>, Ḩārat an-Naşāra) is situated in the northwestern corner of the Old City, extending from the New Gate in the north, along the western wall of the Old City as far as the <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Gate" title="Jaffa Gate">Jaffa Gate</a>, along the Jaffa Gate – <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> route in the south, bordering the Jewish and Armenian Quarters, as far as the <a href="/wiki/Gates_in_Jerusalem%27s_Old_City_Walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Gates in Jerusalem's Old City Walls">Damascus Gate</a> in the east, where it borders the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter</a>. The quarter contains the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, viewed by many as Christianity's holiest place.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Its population was 3,870 in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_Quarter">Armenian Quarter</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian Quarter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Jerusalem_Flag_of_Armenia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Old_Jerusalem_Flag_of_Armenia.jpg/220px-Old_Jerusalem_Flag_of_Armenia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Old_Jerusalem_Flag_of_Armenia.jpg/330px-Old_Jerusalem_Flag_of_Armenia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Old_Jerusalem_Flag_of_Armenia.jpg/440px-Old_Jerusalem_Flag_of_Armenia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Armenian flag in the Armenian Quarter</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian Quarter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Հայկական Թաղամաս</span>, Haygagan T'aġamas, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حارة الأرمن</span>, Ḩārat al-Arman) is the smallest of the four quarters of the Old City. Although the <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> are Christian, the Armenian Quarter is distinct from the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a>. Despite the small size and population of this quarter, the Armenians and their <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchate</a> remain staunchly independent and form a vigorous presence in the Old City. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the four quarters of the city came under <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> control. According to a 2007 study, the quarter housed 2,424 people (6.55% of Old City's total).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhamaisiBrooksMargalitNasrallah200922,_71_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhamaisiBrooksMargalitNasrallah200922,_71-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its population was 2,160 in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_Quarter">Jewish Quarter</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Wall_Plaza_-_Jerusalem_(1291829327).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Western_Wall_Plaza_-_Jerusalem_%281291829327%29.jpg/220px-Western_Wall_Plaza_-_Jerusalem_%281291829327%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Western_Wall_Plaza_-_Jerusalem_%281291829327%29.jpg/330px-Western_Wall_Plaza_-_Jerusalem_%281291829327%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Western_Wall_Plaza_-_Jerusalem_%281291829327%29.jpg/440px-Western_Wall_Plaza_-_Jerusalem_%281291829327%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Plaza" title="Western Wall Plaza">Western Wall Plaza</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">הרובע היהודי</span>, <i>HaRova HaYehudi</i>, known colloquially to residents as <i>HaRova</i>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حارة اليهود</span>, <i>Ḩārat al-Yahūd</i>) lies in the southeastern sector of the walled city, and stretches from the Zion Gate in the south, bordering the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian Quarter</a> on the west, along the <a href="/wiki/Cardo" title="Cardo">Cardo</a> to Chain Street in the north and extends east to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>. The quarter has a rich history, with several long periods of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> presence covering much of the time<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> since the eighth century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, its population of about 2,000 Jews was besieged, and forced to leave en masse.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The quarter was completely bombed during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem" title="Battle for Jerusalem">Battle for Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bracha_Slae_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bracha_Slae-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurva_Synagogue_07112018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hurva_Synagogue_07112018.jpg/220px-Hurva_Synagogue_07112018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hurva_Synagogue_07112018.jpg/330px-Hurva_Synagogue_07112018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Hurva_Synagogue_07112018.jpg/440px-Hurva_Synagogue_07112018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Hurva Synagogue</figcaption></figure> <p>The Jewish quarter remained under <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> control until its recapture by <a href="/wiki/35th_Paratroopers_Brigade_(Israel)" title="35th Paratroopers Brigade (Israel)">Israeli paratroopers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> of 1967. A few days later, Israeli authorities ordered the demolition of the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Quarter" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan Quarter">Moroccan Quarter</a>, forcibly relocating all of its inhabitants, in order to facilitate public access to the Western Wall. 195 properties – synagogues, yeshivas, and apartments – were registered as Jewish and fell under the control of Jordan's <a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_Enemy_Property" title="Custodian of Enemy Property">Custodian of Enemy Property</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MD_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most were occupied by Palestinian refugees expelled by Israeli forces from West Jerusalem and its contiguous villages until <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a> and Jordan constructed the <a href="/wiki/Shu%27fat_Camp" title="Shu'fat Camp">Shuafat Refugee Camp</a>, where many were shifted, leaving most of the properties empty of inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-MD_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, after the Six Day War, Israel confiscated 12%, including the Jewish quarter and contiguous areas, of the Old City for public use. Some 80% of this confiscated infrastructure consisted of properties not owned by Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-MD_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After reconstruction the parts of the quarter destroyed prior to 1967, these properties were then offered for sale exclusively to the Israeli and Jewish public.<sup id="cite_ref-MD_59-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prior owners mostly refused compensation, often because their properties were part of Islamic or family <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqfs</a>, which cannot be put up for sale.<sup id="cite_ref-MD_59-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_City_of_Jerusalem&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the population stood at 2,348.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many large educational institutions have taken up residence. Before being rebuilt, the quarter was carefully excavated under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University</a> archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Nahman_Avigad" title="Nahman Avigad">Nahman Avigad</a>. The archaeological remains are on display in a series of museums and outdoor parks, which tourists can visit by descending two or three stories beneath the level of the current city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Its population was 3,240 in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mughrabi_Quarter">Mughrabi Quarter</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Quarter" title="Mughrabi Quarter">Mughrabi Quarter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem,_1917.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Jerusalem%2C_1917.JPG/220px-Jerusalem%2C_1917.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Jerusalem%2C_1917.JPG/330px-Jerusalem%2C_1917.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Jerusalem%2C_1917.JPG/440px-Jerusalem%2C_1917.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>The now demolished <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Quarter" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan Quarter">Moroccan quarter</a> in 1917</figcaption></figure> <p>There was previously a small <a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Quarter" title="Mughrabi Quarter">Mughrabi Quarter</a> in the Old City. Within a week of the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>'s end, the quarter was largely destroyed in order to give visitors better access to the Western Wall by creating the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Plaza" title="Western Wall Plaza">Western Wall Plaza</a>. The parts of the quarter that were not destroyed are now part of the Jewish Quarter. Simultaneously with the demolition, a new regulation was set into place by which the only access point for non-Muslims to the Temple Mount is through the <a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount#Moors_Gate" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">Gate of the Moors</a>, which is reached via the so-called <a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Bridge" title="Mughrabi Bridge">Mughrabi Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gates">Gates</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Gates of the Old City of Jerusalem">Gates of the Old City of Jerusalem</a></div> <p>During different periods, the city walls followed different outlines and had a varying number of gates. During the era of the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusader</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> for instance, Jerusalem had four gates, one on each side. The current walls were built by <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>, who provided them with six gates; several older gates, which had been walled up before the arrival of the Ottomans, were left as they were. As to the previously sealed Golden Gate, Suleiman at first opened and rebuilt it, but then walled it up again as well. The number of operational gates was brought back to seven after the addition of the New Gate in 1887; a smaller one, popularly known as the <a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem#Previous_gates" title="Gates of the Old City of Jerusalem">Tanners' Gate</a>, has been opened for visitors after being discovered and unsealed during excavations in the 1990s. The sealed historic gates comprise four that are at least partially preserved (the double Golden Gate in the eastern wall, and the Single, Triple, and Double Gates in the southern wall), with several other gates discovered by archaeologists of which only traces remain (the Gate of the Essenes on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a>, the gate of Herod's royal palace south of the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_David" title="Tower of David">citadel</a>, and the vague remains of what 19th-century explorers identified as the Gate of the Funerals (Bab al-Jana'iz) or of al-Buraq (Bab al-Buraq) south of the Golden Gate<sup id="cite_ref-Necipoğlu_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Necipoğlu-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Until 1887, each gate was closed before sunset and opened at sunrise. These gates have been known by <a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem#List" title="Gates of the Old City of Jerusalem">a variety of names</a> used in different historical periods and by different communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jewish Quarter"><img alt="Jewish Quarter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94.JPG/120px-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94.JPG/180px-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94.JPG/240px-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6594" data-file-height="4709" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Street bazaar (souq), Christian Quarter Road (2006)"><img alt="Street bazaar (souq), Christian Quarter Road (2006)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG/120px-OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG/180px-OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG/240px-OldCityJerusalem01_ST_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street bazaar (<i>souq</i>), Christian Quarter Road (2006)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Facade_of_Migdal_David.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to the citadel, popularly known as the Tower of David"><img alt="Entrance to the citadel, popularly known as the Tower of David" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Facade_of_Migdal_David.jpg/90px-Facade_of_Migdal_David.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Facade_of_Migdal_David.jpg/135px-Facade_of_Migdal_David.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Facade_of_Migdal_David.jpg/180px-Facade_of_Migdal_David.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to the citadel, popularly known as the Tower of David</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre"><img alt="Church of the Holy Sepulchre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/120px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/180px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/240px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melkite_Church_of_the_Annunciation,_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation, Jerusalem"><img alt="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation, Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Melkite_Church_of_the_Annunciation%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/120px-Melkite_Church_of_the_Annunciation%2C_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Melkite_Church_of_the_Annunciation%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/180px-Melkite_Church_of_the_Annunciation%2C_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Melkite_Church_of_the_Annunciation%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/240px-Melkite_Church_of_the_Annunciation%2C_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Annunciation,_Jerusalem" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation, Jerusalem">Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation, Jerusalem</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/48px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/64px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezetha" title="Bezetha">Bezetha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem" title="Demographic history of Jerusalem">Demographic history of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">Gates of the Temple Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem">History of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_with_defensive_walls" title="List of cities with defensive walls">List of cities with defensive walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Jerusalem" title="List of places in Jerusalem">List of places in Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">Walls of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah%27s_Cave" title="Zedekiah's Cave">Zedekiah's Cave</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148">"Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Old+City+of+Jerusalem+and+its+Walls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKollek1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Kollek" title="Teddy Kollek">Kollek, Teddy</a> (1977). "Afterword". In John Phillips (ed.). <i>A Will to Survive – Israel: the Faces of the Terror 1948-the Faces of Hope Today</i>. Dial Press/James Wade. <q>about 225 acres</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Afterword&rft.btitle=A+Will+to+Survive+%E2%80%93+Israel%3A+the+Faces+of+the+Terror+1948-the+Faces+of+Hope+Today&rft.pub=Dial+Press%2FJames+Wade&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Kollek&rft.aufirst=Teddy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wager-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wager_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wager_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wager_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliyahu_Wager1988" class="citation book cs1">Eliyahu Wager (1988). <i>Illustrated guide to Jerusalem</i>. Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Publishing House. p. 138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+guide+to+Jerusalem&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=The+Jerusalem+Publishing+House&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Eliyahu+Wager&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teller-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Teller_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Teller_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeller2022" class="citation book cs1">Teller, Matthew (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SgQ3EAAAQBAJ"><i>Nine Quarters of Jerusalem: A New Biography of the Old City</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Profile_Books" title="Profile Books">Profile Books</a>. p. Chapter 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-904-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-904-0"><bdi>978-1-78283-904-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-30</span></span>. <q>What wasn't corrected, though – and what, in retrospect, should have raised much more controversy than it did (it seems to have passed completely unremarked for the last 170-odd years) – was <a href="/wiki/1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_maps_of_Palestine,_Lebanon_and_Syria" title="1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria">[Aldrich and Symonds's] map's</a> labelling. Because here, newly arcing across the familiar quadrilateral of Jerusalem, are four double labels in bold capitals. At top left <i>Haret En-Nassara</i> and, beneath it, <i>Christian Quarter</i>; at bottom left <i>Haret El-Arman</i> and <i>Armenian Quarter</i>; at bottom centre <i>Haret El-Yehud</i> and <i>Jews' Quarter</i>; and at top right – the big innovation, covering perhaps half the city – <i>Haret El-Muslimin</i> and <i>Mohammedan Quarter</i>. had shown this before. Every map has shown it since. The idea, in 1841, of a Mohammedan (that is, Muslim) quarter of Jerusalem is bizarre. It's like a Catholic quarter of Rome. A Hindu quarter of Delhi. Nobody living there would conceive of the city in such a way. At that time, and for centuries before and decades after, Jerusalem was, if the term means anything at all, a Muslim city. Many people identified in other ways, but large numbers of Jerusalemites were Muslim and they lived all over the city. A Muslim quarter could only have been dreamt up by outsiders, searching for a handle on a place they barely understood, intent on asserting their own legitimacy among a hostile population, seeing what they wanted to see. Its only purpose could be to draw attention to what it excludes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nine+Quarters+of+Jerusalem%3A+A+New+Biography+of+the+Old+City&rft.pages=Chapter+1&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-78283-904-0&rft.aulast=Teller&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSgQ3EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002" class="citation book cs1">Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (March 6, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lu6ywyJr0CMC"><i>The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780743223386" title="Special:BookSources/9780743223386"><bdi>9780743223386</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+Unearthed%3A+Archaeology%27s+New+Vision+of+Ancient+Israel+and+the+Origin+of+Sacred+Texts&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2002-03-06&rft.isbn=9780743223386&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft.au=Silberman%2C+Neil+Asher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlu6ywyJr0CMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ariel, D. T., & De Groot, A. (1978). "The Iron Age extramural occupation at the City of David and additional observations on the Siloam Channel." <i>Excavation at the City of David</i>, 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broshi (1974), pp. 21–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reich, R., & Shukron, E. (2000). "The Excavations at the Gihon Spring and Warren's Shaft System in the City of David." <i>Ancient Jerusalem Revealed</i>. Jerusalem, 327–339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGevaDe_Groot2017" class="citation journal cs1">Geva, Hillel; De Groot, Alon (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44474016">"The City of David Is Not on the Temple Mount After All"</a>. <i>Israel Exploration Journal</i>. <b>67</b> (1): 32–49. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-2059">0021-2059</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44474016">44474016</a>. <q>The prevailing view among researchers that the early city, the City of David, lay in the southern part of the eastern ridge next to the spring.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=The+City+of+David+Is+Not+on+the+Temple+Mount+After+All&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=32-49&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44474016%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0021-2059&rft.aulast=Geva&rft.aufirst=Hillel&rft.au=De+Groot%2C+Alon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44474016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-basiclaw-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-basiclaw_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1980_1989/Basic%20Law-%20Jerusalem-%20Capital%20of%20Israel">"Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 30 July 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+Law%3A+Jerusalem%2C+Capital+of+Israel&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=1980-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F1980_1989%2FBasic%2520Law-%2520Jerusalem-%2520Capital%2520of%2520Israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bracha_Slae-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bracha_Slae_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bracha_Slae_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bracha_Slae_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBracha_Slae2013" class="citation news cs1">Bracha Slae (13 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/Demography-in-Jerusalems-Old-City-319724">"Demography in Jerusalem's Old City"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Demography+in+Jerusalem%27s+Old+City&rft.date=2013-07-13&rft.au=Bracha+Slae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FOpinion%2FOp-Ed-Contributors%2FDemography-in-Jerusalems-Old-City-319724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urbanfabric-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-urbanfabric_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-urbanfabric_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928095409/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/opt_prot_ipcc_Old_City_urban_fabric_geopo_implications_2009.pdf">"Jerusalem The Old City: Urban Fabric and Geopolitical Implications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Peace and Cooperation Center. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/opt_prot_ipcc_Old_City_urban_fabric_geopo_implications_2009.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-09-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+The+Old+City%3A+Urban+Fabric+and+Geopolitical+Implications&rft.pub=International+Peace+and+Cooperation+Center&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fdocuments%2Fopt_prot_ipcc_Old_City_urban_fabric_geopo_implications_2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beltran-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beltran_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeltran2011" class="citation web cs1">Beltran, Gray (9 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140530203431/http://archives.jrn.columbia.edu/2010-2011/coveringreligion.org/2011/05/torn-between-two-worlds-and-an-uncertain-future/index.html">"Torn between two worlds and an uncertain future"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" title="Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism">Columbia Journalism School</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.jrn.columbia.edu/2010-2011/coveringreligion.org/2011/05/torn-between-two-worlds-and-an-uncertain-future/index.html">the original</a> on 30 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torn+between+two+worlds+and+an+uncertain+future&rft.pub=Columbia+Journalism+School&rft.date=2011-05-09&rft.aulast=Beltran&rft.aufirst=Gray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.jrn.columbia.edu%2F2010-2011%2Fcoveringreligion.org%2F2011%2F05%2Ftorn-between-two-worlds-and-an-uncertain-future%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssaliKuttab2024" class="citation web cs1">Assali, Khalil; Kuttab, Daoud (May 21, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerusalemstory.com/en/article/why-palestinian-population-jerusalems-old-city-shrinking">"Why Is the Palestinian Population of Jerusalem's Old City Shrinking?"</a>. <i>Jerusalem Story</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Story&rft.atitle=Why+Is+the+Palestinian+Population+of+Jerusalem%27s+Old+City+Shrinking%3F&rft.date=2024-05-21&rft.aulast=Assali&rft.aufirst=Khalil&rft.au=Kuttab%2C+Daoud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerusalemstory.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fwhy-palestinian-population-jerusalems-old-city-shrinking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_Jerusalem_FactSheet_December_2012_english.pdf">East Jerusalem: Key Humanitarian Concerns</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130721223139/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_Jerusalem_FactSheet_December_2012_english.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-07-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory. December 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenveniśtî2004" class="citation book cs1">Benveniśtî, Eyāl (2004). <i>The international law of occupation</i>. Princeton University Press. pp. 112–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12130-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12130-7"><bdi>978-0-691-12130-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+international+law+of+occupation&rft.pages=112-13&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12130-7&rft.aulast=Benveni%C5%9Bt%C3%AE&rft.aufirst=Ey%C4%81l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard A. Freund, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3EWWup0o-o4C&pg=PA9">Digging Through the Bible: Modern Archaeology and the Ancient Bible</a></i>, p. 9, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, Rowman & Littlefield, 2009, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spar-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spar_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2014/assyria-to-iberia/blog/posts/sennacherib-and-jerusalem">"Sennacherib and Jerusalem"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sennacherib+and+Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fexhibitions%2Flistings%2F2014%2Fassyria-to-iberia%2Fblog%2Fposts%2Fsennacherib-and-jerusalem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BU22-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BU22_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZank" class="citation web cs1">Zank, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/p/period2-2-1.htm">"Capital of Judah I (930–722)"</a>. Boston University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Capital+of+Judah+I+%28930%E2%80%93722%29&rft.pub=Boston+University&rft.aulast=Zank&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fmzank%2FJerusalem%2Fp%2Fperiod2-2-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezra%201:1-4;%206:1-5&version=51;">"Ezra 1:1–4; 6:1–5"</a>. Biblegateway.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ezra+1%3A1%E2%80%934%3B+6%3A1%E2%80%935&rft.pub=Biblegateway.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DEzra%25201%3A1-4%3B%25206%3A1-5%26version%3D51%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSicker2001" class="citation book cs1">Sicker, Martin (2001). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/betweenromejerus00sick"><i>Between Rome and Jerusalem: 300 Years of Roman-Judaean Relations</i></a></span>. Praeger Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/betweenromejerus00sick/page/n14">2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97140-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97140-6"><bdi>0-275-97140-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Rome+and+Jerusalem%3A+300+Years+of+Roman-Judaean+Relations&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-275-97140-6&rft.aulast=Sicker&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbetweenromejerus00sick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZank" class="citation web cs1">Zank, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/mzank/Jerusalem/p/period2-3.htm">"Center of the Persian Satrapy of Judah (539–323)"</a>. Boston University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Center+of+the+Persian+Satrapy+of+Judah+%28539%E2%80%93323%29&rft.pub=Boston+University&rft.aulast=Zank&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fmzank%2FJerusalem%2Fp%2Fperiod2-3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZissu2018" class="citation book cs1">Zissu, Boaz (2018). "Interbellum Judea 70-132 CE: An Archaeological Perspective". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/988856967"><i>Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries: The Interbellum 70‒132 CE</i></a>. Joshua Schwartz, Peter J. Tomson. Leiden, The Netherlands. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34986-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34986-5"><bdi>978-90-04-34986-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/988856967">988856967</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Interbellum+Judea+70-132+CE%3A+An+Archaeological+Perspective&rft.btitle=Jews+and+Christians+in+the+First+and+Second+Centuries%3A+The+Interbellum+70%E2%80%92132+CE&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pages=19&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F988856967&rft.isbn=978-90-04-34986-5&rft.aulast=Zissu&rft.aufirst=Boaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F988856967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003060346/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/jhs/TSspreco.html">"The Holy Sepulchre – first destructions and reconstructions"</a>. Christusrex.org. 2001-12-26. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christusrex.org/www1/jhs/TSspreco.html">the original</a> on 2013-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Sepulchre+%E2%80%93+first+destructions+and+reconstructions&rft.pub=Christusrex.org&rft.date=2001-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christusrex.org%2Fwww1%2Fjhs%2FTSspreco.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annual Report, 1936, of the Department of Land and Surveys, page 368: "In 1936 a complete map of the Old City of Jerusalem was published on the scale 1/2,500. The only previous map of the Old City was that made in 1865 by Sir Charles Wilson, previously mentioned. This map is apparently often called by writers the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem! Anyhow, it proved itself worthy of the title, for Lieut-Col F. J. Salmon states that it was sufficiently accurate to be used as the framing of the new map. The old map showed no more than the streets and principal edifices; the new shows all the structures"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/148.pdf">Advisory Body Evaluation</a> (PDF file)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/archive/repext81.htm#148">"Report of the 1st Extraordinary Session of the World Heritage Committee"</a>. Whc.unesco.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+1st+Extraordinary+Session+of+the+World+Heritage+Committee&rft.pub=Whc.unesco.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Farchive%2Frepext81.htm%23148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/archive/repcom82.htm#jerusalem">"Justification for inscription on the List of World Heritage in Danger, 1982: Report of the 6th Session of the World Heritage Committee"</a>. Whc.unesco.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Justification+for+inscription+on+the+List+of+World+Heritage+in+Danger%2C+1982%3A+Report+of+the+6th+Session+of+the+World+Heritage+Committee&rft.pub=Whc.unesco.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Farchive%2Frepcom82.htm%23jerusalem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-20110715-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unesco-20110715_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/unescos_position_regarding_jerusalem/">"UNESCO replies to allegations"</a>. UNESCO. 15 July 2011. <q>The Old City of Jerusalem is inscribed on the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger. UNESCO continues to work to ensure respect for the outstanding universal value of the cultural heritage of the Old City of Jerusalem. This position is reflected on UNESCO's official website (www.unesco.org). In line with relevant UN resolutions, East Jerusalem remains part of the occupied Palestinian territory, and the status of Jerusalem must be resolved in permanent status negotiations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+replies+to+allegations&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fmedia-services%2Fsingle-view%2Fnews%2Funescos_position_regarding_jerusalem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VaughnKill-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VaughnKill_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VaughnKill_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeva2003" class="citation book cs1">Geva, Hillel (2003). "Western Jerusalem at the end of the First Temple Period in Light of the Excavations in the Jewish Quarter". In Vaughn, Andrew G; Killebrew, Ann E (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yYS4VEu08h4C"><i>Jerusalem in Bible and archaeology: the First Temple period</i></a>. Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 183–208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-066-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-066-0"><bdi>978-1-58983-066-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Western+Jerusalem+at+the+end+of+the+First+Temple+Period+in+Light+of+the+Excavations+in+the+Jewish+Quarter&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+in+Bible+and+archaeology%3A+the+First+Temple+period&rft.pages=183-208&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-066-0&rft.aulast=Geva&rft.aufirst=Hillel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyYS4VEu08h4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shelby2-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shelby2_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelby2_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelby2_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeva2010" class="citation book cs1">Geva, Hillel (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitelevy.fas.harvard.edu/publications/jewish-quarter-excavations-old-city-jerusalem-volume-iv-burnt-house-area-b"><i>Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem. Volume IV: The Burnt House of Area B and Other Studies (Abstract)</i></a>. Israel Exploration Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2020</span> – via Harvard University website, the Shelby White and Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Quarter+Excavations+in+the+Old+City+of+Jerusalem.+Volume+IV%3A+The+Burnt+House+of+Area+B+and+Other+Studies+%28Abstract%29&rft.pub=Israel+Exploration+Society&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Geva&rft.aufirst=Hillel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhitelevy.fas.harvard.edu%2Fpublications%2Fjewish-quarter-excavations-old-city-jerusalem-volume-iv-burnt-house-area-b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy-O'Connor (2008), pp. 76–78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy-O'Connor (2008), p. 76, Fig. 1/3 (p.10)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423123919/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/04/160422-israel-jerusalem-hellenistic-archaeology-passover-hanukkah/">"Jerusalem Dig Uncovers Ancient Greek Citadel"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/04/160422-israel-jerusalem-hellenistic-archaeology-passover-hanukkah/">the original</a> on April 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Dig+Uncovers+Ancient+Greek+Citadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2F2016%2F04%2F160422-israel-jerusalem-hellenistic-archaeology-passover-hanukkah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-archaeology-idUSKBN1KT18G">"In find of ancient gold earring, echoes of Greek rule over Jerusalem"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. August 8, 2018 – via www.reuters.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=In+find+of+ancient+gold+earring%2C+echoes+of+Greek+rule+over+Jerusalem&rft.date=2018-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-israel-archaeology-idUSKBN1KT18G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy-O'Connor (2008), pp. 80–82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carta-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carta_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carta_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://store.carta-jerusalem.com/attachment.php?id_attachment=15">The Palatial Mansion</a>, Carta Publishing House, Jerusalem. Accessed 9 September 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy-O'Connor (2008), p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/were-there-jewish-temples-on-temple-mount-yes-1.5411705">"Were There Jewish Temples on Temple Mount? Yes"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Were+There+Jewish+Temples+on+Temple+Mount%3F+Yes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fwere-there-jewish-temples-on-temple-mount-yes-1.5411705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections?case=6&itemNum=536116">"Collections | The Israel Museum, Jerusalem"</a>. <i>www.imj.org.il</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imj.org.il&rft.atitle=Collections+%26%23124%3B+The+Israel+Museum%2C+Jerusalem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imj.org.il%2Fen%2Fcollections%3Fcase%3D6%26itemNum%3D536116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesofisrael.com-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timesofisrael.com_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesofisrael.com_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/once-in-a-lifetime-find-of-ancient-greek-inscription-uncovered-at-jerusalems-old-city-gate/">"Outside Jerusalem's Old City, a once-in-a-lifetime find of ancient Greek inscription"</a>. <i>www.timesofisrael.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=Outside+Jerusalem%27s+Old+City%2C+a+once-in-a-lifetime+find+of+ancient+Greek+inscription&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fonce-in-a-lifetime-find-of-ancient-greek-inscription-uncovered-at-jerusalems-old-city-gate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69bfN6wg9TI">"Important ancient inscription unearthed near the Damascus Gate in Jerusalem"</a>. 23 August 2017 – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Important+ancient+inscription+unearthed+near+the+Damascus+Gate+in+Jerusalem&rft.date=2017-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D69bfN6wg9TI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teller2-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Teller2_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeller2022" class="citation book cs1">Teller, Matthew (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SgQ3EAAAQBAJ"><i>Nine Quarters of Jerusalem: A New Biography of the Old City</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Profile_Books" title="Profile Books">Profile Books</a>. p. Chapter 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-904-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-904-0"><bdi>978-1-78283-904-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-30</span></span>. <q>But it may not have been Aldrich and Symonds. Below the frame of their map, printed in italic script, a single line notes that 'The Writing' had been added by 'the <a href="/wiki/George_Williams_(priest)" title="George Williams (priest)">Revd. G. Williams</a>' and 'the Revd. Robert Willis'… Some sources suggest [Williams] arrived before <a href="/wiki/Michael_Alexander_(bishop)" title="Michael Alexander (bishop)">[Michael] Alexander</a>, in 1841. If so, did he meet Aldrich and Symonds? We don't know. But Williams became their champion, defending them when the Haram inaccuracy came up and then publishing their work. The survey the two Royal Engineers did was not intended for commercial release (Aldrich had originally been sent to <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> under 'secret service'), and it was several years before their military plan of Jerusalem came to public attention, published first in 1845 by their senior officer Alderson in plain form, without most of the detail and labelling, and then in full in 1849, in the second edition of Williams's book The Holy City. Did Aldrich and/or Symonds invent the idea of four quarters in Jerusalem? It's possible, but they were military surveyors, not scholars. It seems more likely they spent their very short stay producing a usable street-plan for their superior officers, without necessarily getting wrapped up in details of names and places. The 1845 publication, shorn of street names, quarter labels and other detail, suggests that… Compounding his anachronisms, and perhaps with an urge to reproduce Roman urban design in this new context, Williams writes how two main streets, north-south and east-west, 'divide Jerusalem into four quarters.' Then the crucial line: 'The subdivisions of the streets and quarters are numerous, but unimportant.' Historians will, I hope, be able to delve more deeply into Williams's work, but for me, this is evidence enough. For almost two hundred years, virtually the entire world has accepted the ill-informed, dismissive judgementalism of a jejune Old Etonian missionary as representing enduring fact about the social make-up of Jerusalem. It's shameful… With Britain's increased standing in Palestine after 1840, and the growth of interest in biblical archaeology that was to become an obsession a few decades later, it was vital for the Protestant missionaries to establish boundaries in Jerusalem… Williams spread his ideas around. <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gustav_Schultz" class="extiw" title="de:Ernst Gustav Schultz">Ernst Gustav Schultz</a>, who came to Jerusalem in 1842 as Prussian vice-consul, writes in his 1845 book Jerusalem: <i>Eine Vorlesung</i> ('A Lecture'): 'It is with sincere gratitude I must mention that, on my arrival in Jerusalem, Mr Williams ... willingly alerted me to the important information that he [and] another young Anglican clergyman, Mr Rolands, had discovered about the topography of [Jerusalem].' Later come the lines: 'Let us now divide the city into quarters,' and, after mentioning Jews and Christians, 'All the rest of the city is the Mohammedan Quarter.' Included was <a href="/wiki/Kiepert_maps_of_Palestine_and_Jerusalem" title="Kiepert maps of Palestine and Jerusalem">a map</a>, drawn by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Kiepert" title="Heinrich Kiepert">Heinrich Kiepert</a>, that labelled the four quarters, mirroring Williams's treatment in <i>The Holy City</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nine+Quarters+of+Jerusalem%3A+A+New+Biography+of+the+Old+City&rft.pages=Chapter+1&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-78283-904-0&rft.aulast=Teller&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSgQ3EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorenberg200742-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorenberg200742_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGorenberg2007">Gorenberg 2007</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnon19925–7-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnon19925–7_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnon1992">Arnon 1992</a>, pp. 5–7: "The origin of this ethno-religious partition lies in the nineteenth-century modern survey maps of Jerusalem drawn by Europeans – travellers, army officers, architects – who explored the city. The following verbal geographical definitions of the quarters will refer to this contemporarily prevailing division of the Old City. The ethno-religious partition of the Old City on the nineteenth-century maps reflected a situation rooted in history. Crusader Jerusalem of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the capital of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, was partitioned among the residential territories of people from different European countries, Oriental Christian communities and knights orders. In 1244 Jerusalem returned to Moslem hands when it became part of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt. The change of government coincided with a devastation of the city by the Central Asian tribe of Khawarizm which all but annihilated the city's population. In 1250 the Mamluks rose to power in Egypt. Under their rule Jerusalem became a magnet to pilgrims from all parts of the Islamic world. People from various regions, towns and tribes settled in it. The parts of the city preferred by the Moslems were those adjoining the north and west sides of the Temple Mount (the other two sides lay outside the city) on which stood their two revered mosques, the Dome of the Rock and al-Agsa Mosque. Christians from different denominations resettled in the north-west of the city, at the vicinity of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Armenians settled in its south-west, near their Cathedral of St James which had been destroyd by the Khawarizms. Jews settled in Jerusalem, beginning with the second half of the thirteenth century, near the south wall of the city, because the territory there was not settled by any other community and separated from their venerated place, the West (Wailing) Wall, only by a small quarter of North-African Moslems. When the city changed hands again at the beginning of the sixteenth century, falling to the Ottoman Turks, no change in the city's population, and hence in its quarters occurred."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnon199212-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnon199212_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnon1992">Arnon 1992</a>, pp. 12: "The continuous Moslem area of the city occupied its entire east half penetrating its west half at the north, near Damascus Gate. Excluding its south part and the north-west bulge, this region will be defined in the nineteenth century as the 'Moslem Quarter'. In the west part of the city lay Haret en-Nasara in the middle of the area which will be named in modern times the 'Christian Quarter'. Two minorities dwelt in the south outskirts of the city: Jews in Haret el-Yahud, in the south-west part of the future Jewish Quarter and Armenians around their monastery in the south part of the modern Armenian Quarter. The layout of ethno-religious groups in sixteenth-century Jerusalem agreed then with the guidelines of their dispersal in the city in the thirteenth century described above."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnon199216-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnon199216_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnon1992">Arnon 1992</a>, pp. 16: "The continuous flow of Jews to Jerusalem since the 1840s (see below) caused Haret el-Yahud to extend to all the previously sparsely populated area south of Bab es-Silsila Street (except Haret el-Magharba) and the east part of the Armenian Quarter. Jews settled also north of Bab es-Silsila Street at the south part of the Moslem Quarter (see below). In fact, neither the traditional term 'Haret el-Yahud' nor its modern counterpart 'Jewish Quarter' could cope with the expansion of the area inhabited by Jews in the south of the Old City in the late nineteenth century. Northwards lay the two medieval quarters of Qattanin and 'Agabet et-Takiya which being called after subsidiary streets have been pushed along the years into the internal parts of the area west of the Temple Mount by two quarters named after main streets in that region and in the whole city, Wad and Bab es-Silsila."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnon199217-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnon199217_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnon1992">Arnon 1992</a>, pp. 17: "The uniformity of the area inhabited by Moslems in the north of the city brought about, in the long run, the swallowing of the medieval-group-named quarters by the neighboring quarters called after sites. The great increase in Jewish population in modern times at the south of the city produced, on the other hand, a process in an opposite direction – a population-named quarter – Haret el-Yahud – extended to a quarter called after a site – Haret esh-Sharaf, populated in the Middle Ages by both Jews and Moslems. But unlike populations and their quarters which disappeared altogether from the city's scenery, 'Sharaf', since it was a name of a site, survived as the name of the street round which the quarter had developed. Hart el-Yahud expanded also to medieval quarters named after ethnic groups like Risha and Saltin. Other indications in quarter names of population changes between medieval and modern times were all unreal. These were the cases of Bani Zayd replaced by Sadiyya, Zara'na by Haddadin and part of Nasara by Mawarna. To complement the variations of quarter changes there were also modern quarters called after sites which partially replaced medieval site-named quarters – see Wad and Bab es-Silsila quarters before."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menachem Klein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/israelstudies.19.3.134">'Arab Jew in Palestine,'</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Studies" title="Israel Studies">Israel Studies</a>, Vol. 19, No. 3 (Fall 2014), pp. 134-153 p.139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnon199225–26-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnon199225–26_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnon1992">Arnon 1992</a>, pp. 25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/1.5138549">Discerning Conqueror</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120302092106/http://www.jerusalem-stories.com/books/1.htm">"שבתי זכריה עו"ד חצרו של ר' משה רכטמן ברחוב מעלה חלדיה בירושלים העתיקה"</a>. Jerusalem-stories.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalem-stories.com/books/1.htm">the original</a> on 2012-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99+%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%A2%D7%95%22%D7%93+%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%95+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%A8%27+%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%94+%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%9F+%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91+%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94+%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94&rft.pub=Jerusalem-stories.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerusalem-stories.com%2Fbooks%2F1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhamaisiBrooksMargalitNasrallah200922,_71-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhamaisiBrooksMargalitNasrallah200922,_71_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhamaisiBrooksMargalitNasrallah2009">Khamaisi et al. 2009</a>, pp. 22, 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University of Cape Town, Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Congress, South African Judaica Society 81(1986) (referencing archaeological evidence of "Israelite settlement of the Western Hill from the 8th Century BCE onwards").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Goldhill, Jerusalem: City of Longing 4 (2008) (conquered by "early Israelites" after the "ninth century B.C.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William G. Dever & Seymour Gitin (eds.), Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past: Canaan, Ancient Israel, and Their Neighbors from the Late Bronze Age Through Roman Palaestina 534 (2003) ("in the 8th–7th centuries B.C.E. ... Jerusalem was the capital of the Judean kingdom . ... It encompassed the entire City of David, the Temple Mount, and the Western Hill, now the Jewish Quarter of the Old City.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillel Geva (ed.), 1 Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem Conducted by Nahman Avigad, 1969–1982 81 (2000) ("The settlement in the Jewish Quarter began during the 8th century BCE. ... the Broad Wall was apparently erected by King Hezekiah of Judah at the end of the 8th century BCE.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koert van Bekkum, From Conquest to Coexistence: Ideology and Antiquarian Intent in the Historiography of Israel’s Settlement in Canaan 513 (2011) ("During the last decennia, a general consensus was reached concerning Jerusalem at the end of Iron IIB. The extensive excavations conducted ... in the Jewish Quarter ... revealed domestic constructions, industrial installations and large fortifications, all from the second half of the 8th century BCE.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MD-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MD_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MD_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MD_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MD_59-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MD_59-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-JubehSeidemann2017" class="citation book cs1">al-Jubeh, Nazmi; Seidemann, Daniel (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MOw9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74">"Land use and ownership in the Old City of Jerusalem"</a>. In Najem, Tom; Molloy, Michael J.; Bell, Michael; Bell, John (eds.). <i>Contested Sites in Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Old City Initiative</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-21344-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-21344-4"><bdi>978-1-317-21344-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Land+use+and+ownership+in+the+Old+City+of+Jerusalem&rft.btitle=Contested+Sites+in+Jerusalem%3A+The+Jerusalem+Old+City+Initiative&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-317-21344-4&rft.aulast=al-Jubeh&rft.aufirst=Nazmi&rft.au=Seidemann%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMOw9DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233143/http://jiis.org/.upload/yearbook/2004/shnaton_c1404.pdf">"Table III/14 – Population of Jerusalem, by Age, Quarter, Sub-Quarter, and Statistical Area, 2003"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Institute for Israel Studies</i> (in Hebrew and English). Institute for Israel Studies, Jerusalem. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jiis.org/.upload/yearbook/2004/shnaton_c1404.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=Table+III%2F14+%E2%80%93+Population+of+Jerusalem%2C+by+Age%2C+Quarter%2C+Sub-Quarter%2C+and+Statistical+Area%2C+2003&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjiis.org%2F.upload%2Fyearbook%2F2004%2Fshnaton_c1404.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNadav_Shragai2007" class="citation news cs1">Nadav Shragai (8 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/the-gate-of-the-jews-1.212285">"The Gate of the Jews"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+Gate+of+the+Jews&rft.date=2007-03-08&rft.au=Nadav+Shragai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-gate-of-the-jews-1.212285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2013" class="citation web cs1">Steinberg, Gerald M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.geraldsteinberg.com/barilanwebsite/policy%20PDFs/Steinberg_False%20Witness%20EUFunded%20NGOs_Isr%20Jnl%20of%20Foreign%20Affairs.pdf">"False Witness? EU Funded NGOs and Policymaking in the Arab–Israeli Conflict"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=False+Witness%3F+EU+Funded+NGOs+and+Policymaking+in+the+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+Conflict&rft.pub=Israel+Journal+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Gerald+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.geraldsteinberg.com%2Fbarilanwebsite%2Fpolicy%2520PDFs%2FSteinberg_False%2520Witness%2520EUFunded%2520NGOs_Isr%2520Jnl%2520of%2520Foreign%2520Affairs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Necipoğlu-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Necipoğlu_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGülru_Necipoğlu2008" class="citation journal cs1">Gülru Necipoğlu (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150927135125/http://archnet.org/system/publications/contents/6779/original/DPC3643.pdf?1384802697">"The Dome of the Rock as a palimpsest: 'Abd al-Malik's grand narrative and Sultan Süleyman's glosses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic</i>. <b>25</b>. Leiden: Brill: 20–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004173279" title="Special:BookSources/9789004173279"><bdi>9789004173279</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archnet.org/system/publications/contents/6779/original/DPC3643.pdf?1384802697">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muqarnas%3A+An+Annual+on+the+Visual+Culture+of+the+Islamic&rft.atitle=The+Dome+of+the+Rock+as+a+palimpsest%3A+%27Abd+al-Malik%27s+grand+narrative+and+Sultan+S%C3%BCleyman%27s+glosses&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=20-21&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789004173279&rft.au=G%C3%BClru+Necipo%C4%9Flu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchnet.org%2Fsystem%2Fpublications%2Fcontents%2F6779%2Foriginal%2FDPC3643.pdf%3F1384802697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhamaisiBrooksMargalitNasrallah2009" class="citation cs2">Khamaisi, Rassem; Brooks, Robert; Margalit, Meir; Nasrallah, Rami; Yunan, Michael; Owais, Abdalla (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928095409/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/opt_prot_ipcc_Old_City_urban_fabric_geopo_implications_2009.pdf"><i>Jerusalem Old City: Urban Fabric and Geopolitical Implications</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Jerusalem: International Peace and Cooperation Center, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-7283-16-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-7283-16-5"><bdi>978-965-7283-16-5</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/opt_prot_ipcc_Old_City_urban_fabric_geopo_implications_2009.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Old+City%3A+Urban+Fabric+and+Geopolitical+Implications&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=International+Peace+and+Cooperation+Center&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-965-7283-16-5&rft.aulast=Khamaisi&rft.aufirst=Rassem&rft.au=Brooks%2C+Robert&rft.au=Margalit%2C+Meir&rft.au=Nasrallah%2C+Rami&rft.au=Yunan%2C+Michael&rft.au=Owais%2C+Abdalla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fdocuments%2Fopt_prot_ipcc_Old_City_urban_fabric_geopo_implications_2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160601223334/https://www.ochaopt.org/documents/opt_prot_ipcc_old_city_urban_fabric_geopo_implications_2009.pdf">archived</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnon1992" class="citation journal cs1">Arnon, Adar (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4283477">"The Quarters of Jerusalem in the Ottoman Period"</a>. <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>28</b> (1). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 1–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263209208700889">10.1080/00263209208700889</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3206">0026-3206</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283477">4283477</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Quarters+of+Jerusalem+in+the+Ottoman+Period&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-65&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=0026-3206&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4283477%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263209208700889&rft.aulast=Arnon&rft.aufirst=Adar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4283477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorenberg2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gershom_Gorenberg" title="Gershom Gorenberg">Gorenberg, Gershom</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Np_j5sSpCrEC&pg=PT98"><i>The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-466-80054-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-466-80054-0"><bdi>978-1-466-80054-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Accidental+Empire%3A+Israel+and+the+Birth+of+the+Settlements%2C+1967-1977&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-466-80054-0&rft.aulast=Gorenberg&rft.aufirst=Gershom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNp_j5sSpCrEC%26pg%3DPT98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+City+of+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Jerusalem/Old_City#Q213274" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Jerusalem/Old City">Jerusalem/Old City</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samrohn.com/virtual-tour/jerusalem/">Virtual tour of the Old City's historic sites</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/muslim_quarter.cfm">Virtual tour of the Muslim Quarter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204234756/http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/muslim_quarter.cfm">Archived</a> 2017-12-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulcher.cfm">Virtual tour of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071227212457/http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulcher.cfm">Archived</a> 2007-12-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/cardo_inside.cfm">Virtual tour of the Cardo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080116232009/http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/cardo_inside.cfm">Archived</a> 2008-01-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/damascus_gate.cfm">Virtual tour of the Damascus gate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/kotel_prayer.CFM">Virtual tour of the Kotel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080116232024/http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/kotel_prayer.CFM">Archived</a> 2008-01-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a> of Jerusalem and <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">its Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Jerusalem_and_Palestine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Jerusalem_and_Palestine" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Jerusalem and Palestine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Jerusalem_and_Palestine" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Jerusalem and Palestine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Jerusalem_and_Palestine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Jerusalem and Palestine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Jerusalem_and_Palestine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the State of Palestine">World Heritage Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Tell es-Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battir" title="Battir">Battir</a> (Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines – Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" title="Church of the Nativity">Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity</a> and the Pilgrimage Route, <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Hebron" title="Old City of Hebron">Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City of Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">its Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Hilarion_Monastery" title="Saint Hilarion Monastery">Saint Hilarion Monastery</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tell_Umm_el-%27Amr" title="Tell Umm el-'Amr">Tell Umm Amer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_State_of_Palestine#Tentative_list" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the State of Palestine">Tentative List</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_State_of_Palestine#Tentative_list" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the State of Palestine">Tentative List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Old_City_of_Jerusalem_and_its_walls" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Old_City_(Jerusalem)" title="Template:Old City (Jerusalem)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Old_City_(Jerusalem)" title="Template talk:Old City (Jerusalem)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Old_City_(Jerusalem)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Old City (Jerusalem)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Old_City_of_Jerusalem_and_its_walls" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Old City</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">walls</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> since 1981</li> <li>Sorted by religions</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Status_Quo_(Jerusalem_and_Bethlehem)" title="Status Quo (Jerusalem and Bethlehem)">Status Quo</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_es-Sultan" title="Deir es-Sultan">Deir es-Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Saint_Helena,_Jerusalem" title="Chapel of Saint Helena, Jerusalem">Chapel of Saint Helena</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">Via Dolorosa</a></i></li> <li>See also: <i><a href="/wiki/New_Church_of_the_Theotokos" title="New Church of the Theotokos">New Church of the Theotokos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Patriarch</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Cathedral_of_the_Most_Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus">Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Franciscans(Custos)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Franciscans</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custos</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Saviour" title="Monastery of Saint Saviour">Monastery of Saint Saviour</a></li> <li>Monastery of the Flagellation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Condemnation" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Condemnation">Church of the Condemnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Flagellation" title="Church of the Flagellation">Church of the Flagellation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Chapel of Simon of Cyrene">Chapel of Simon of Cyrene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convent_of_the_Sisters_of_Zion" title="Convent of the Sisters of Zion">Convent of the Sisters of Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Anne,_Jerusalem" title="Church of Saint Anne, Jerusalem">Church of Saint Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Family,_Jerusalem" title="Church of the Holy Family, Jerusalem">Church of the Holy Family</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Defunct</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Church of Saint James Intercisus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Germans" title="Church of Saint Mary of the Germans">Church of Saint Mary of the Germans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Latins" title="Church of Saint Mary of the Latins">Church of Saint Mary of the Latins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Templum_Domini" title="Templum Domini">Templum Domini</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Catholic</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch">Patriarch</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Annunciation,_Jerusalem" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation, Jerusalem">Cathedral of the Annunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Sorrows,_Jerusalem" title="Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, Jerusalem">Church of Our Lady of Sorrows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Convent,_Jerusalem" title="Maronite Convent, Jerusalem">Maronite Convent</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern<br />Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greek_Orthodox(Patriarch)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">Patriarch</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist,_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Saint John the Baptist, Jerusalem">Church of Saint John the Baptist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental<br />Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Orthodox</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Patriarch</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_James,_Jerusalem" title="Cathedral of Saint James, Jerusalem">Cathedral of Saint James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Archangels,_Jerusalem" title="Church of the Holy Archangels, Jerusalem">Church of the Holy Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Toros" title="Church of Saint Toros">Church of Saint Toros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Mark" title="Monastery of Saint Mark">Monastery of Saint Mark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Jerusalem" title="Coptic Orthodox Archdiocese of Jerusalem">Archbishop</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_es-Sultan" title="Deir es-Sultan">Deir es-Sultan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Episcopal_Church_in_Jerusalem_and_the_Middle_East" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_Jerusalem_and_the_Middle_East" title="Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East">Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Jerusalem" title="Christ Church, Jerusalem">Christ Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Protestant_Church_in_Germany" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant Church in Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Redeemer,_Jerusalem" title="Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem">Church of the Redeemer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><b>Areas, quarters</b> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 334px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg/334px-Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="334" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg/501px-Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg/668px-Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="370" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:74px; top:142px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian<br />Quarter</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:104px; top:172px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Muristan" title="Muristan">Muristan</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:204px; top:62px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim<br />Quarter</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:79px; top:222px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian<br />Quarter</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:202px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish<br />Quarter</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:244px; top:146px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple<br />Mount</a></div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Gates of the Old City of Jerusalem">Gates</a></b><br />1. <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Gate" title="Jaffa Gate">Jaffa</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Zion_Gate" title="Zion Gate">Zion</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Dung_Gate" title="Dung Gate">Dung</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Golden Gate (Jerusalem)">Golden</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Gate" title="Lions' Gate">Lions</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Gate" title="Herod's Gate">Herod</a><br />7. <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Gate" title="Damascus Gate">Damascus</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/New_Gate" title="New Gate">New</a> (<i>Double, Single, Tanners<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawazin" title="Al-Mawazin">Al-Mawazin</a> </p> <b>Surrounding streets, roads</b>: <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highway_60_(Israel%E2%80%93Palestine)#Highway_60_in_Jerusalem" title="Highway 60 (Israel–Palestine)">Highway 60</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Road" title="Jaffa Road">Jaffa Road</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Route_417_(Israel)#Jericho_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Route 417 (Israel)">Jericho</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_HaShalom" title="Ma'ale HaShalom">Ma'ale HaShalom</a></li><li>Ofel</li><li>Sultan Suleiman</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem in Islam">Islam</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islamic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem" title="Grand Mufti of Jerusalem">Grand Mufti</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Waqf</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Qibli Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Ascension" title="Dome of the Ascension">Dome of the Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Chain" title="Dome of the Chain">Dome of the Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khidr" title="Dome of al-Khidr">Dome of al-Khidr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khalili" title="Dome of al-Khalili">Dome of al-Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Prophet" title="Dome of the Prophet">Dome of the Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf" title="Dome of Yusuf">Dome of Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa_Al-Ashrafiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya">Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Marwani Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other mosques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Buraq_Mosque" title="Al-Buraq Mosque">Al-Buraq Mosque</a></li> <li>Al-Yaqoubi Mosque</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khanqah_al-Salahiyya_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque">Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Omar_(Jerusalem)" title="Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem)">Mosque of Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Dissi_Mosque" title="Al Dissi Mosque">Al Dissi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidna_Omar_Mosque" title="Sidna Omar Mosque">Sidna Omar Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">Judaism</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi_of_Jerusalem" title="Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem">Chief Rabbis</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Wall" title="Southern Wall">Southern Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Tunnel" title="Western Wall Tunnel">Western Wall Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Western_Wall" title="Little Western Wall">Little Western Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox<br />Jewish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramban_Synagogue" title="Ramban Synagogue">Ramban Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ari_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Ari Synagogue">Ari Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Sephardic_Synagogues" title="Four Sephardic Synagogues">Four Sephardic Synagogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohr_ha-Chaim_Synagogue" title="Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue">Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzuf_Dvash_Synagogue" title="Tzuf Dvash Synagogue">Tzuf Dvash Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurva_Synagogue" title="Hurva Synagogue">Hurva Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohel_Yitzchak_Synagogue" title="Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue">Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Defunct</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiferet_Yisrael_Synagogue" title="Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue">Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Remnants or rebuilt buildings in <i>italic</i></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/16px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/24px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/16px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/24px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/14px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/21px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/28px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighborhoods_of_Jerusalem" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighborhoods_of_Jerusalem" title="Template:Neighborhoods of Jerusalem"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neighborhoods_of_Jerusalem" title="Template talk:Neighborhoods of Jerusalem"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neighborhoods_of_Jerusalem" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neighborhoods of Jerusalem"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighborhoods_of_Jerusalem" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Jerusalem neighborhoods in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> are depicted in <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">green</span>, those in <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a> in <span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">blue</span> (see <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a>).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Armenian Quarter</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Christian Quarter</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muristan" title="Muristan"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Muristan</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Jewish Quarter</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Muslim Quarter</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Hutta" title="Bab Hutta"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Bab al-Huta</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arzei_HaBira" title="Arzei HaBira">Arzei HaBira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batei_Ungarin" title="Batei Ungarin">Batei Ungarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_David" title="Beit David">Beit David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ya%27akov,_Jerusalem" title="Beit Ya'akov, Jerusalem">Beit Ya'akov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Yisrael" title="Beit Yisrael">Beit Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Quarter" title="Bukharan Quarter">Bukharim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Triangle_(Jerusalem)" title="Downtown Triangle (Jerusalem)">Downtown Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geula" title="Geula">Geula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassco_(neighborhood)" title="Rassco (neighborhood)">Givat HaVradim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Ram" title="Givat Ram">Givat Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Gateway" title="Jerusalem Gateway">Jerusalem Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katamon" title="Katamon">Katamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerem_Avraham" title="Kerem Avraham">Kerem Avraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_HaLeom" title="Kiryat HaLeom">Kiryat HaLeom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_HaMemshala" title="Kiryat HaMemshala">Kiryat HaMemshala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmuel,_Jerusalem" title="Kiryat Shmuel, Jerusalem">Kiryat Shmuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shomrei_Emunim" title="Kiryat Shomrei Emunim">Kiryat Shomrei Emunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Wolfson" title="Kiryat Wolfson">Kiryat Wolfson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahane_Israel" title="Mahane Israel">Mahane Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahane_Yehuda_Market" title="Mahane Yehuda Market">Mahane Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mea_Shearim" title="Mea Shearim">Mea Shearim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekor_Baruch" title="Mekor Baruch">Mekor Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musrara" title="Musrara">Musrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahalat_Shiv%27a" title="Nahalat Shiv'a">Nahalat Shiv'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachlaot" title="Nachlaot">Nachlaot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayot" title="Nayot">Nayot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Granot" title="Neve Granot">Neve Granot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Sha%27anan,_Jerusalem" title="Neve Sha'anan, Jerusalem">Neve Sha'anan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehavia" title="Rehavia">Rehavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romema" title="Romema">Romema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Compound" title="Russian Compound">Russian Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27arei_Hesed" title="Sha'arei Hesed">Sha'arei Hesed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmuel_HaNavi_(neighborhood)" title="Shmuel HaNavi (neighborhood)">Shmuel HaNavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbiya" title="Talbiya">Talbiya (Komemiyut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemin_Moshe" title="Yemin Moshe">Yemin Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikhron_Moshe" title="Zikhron Moshe">Zikhron Moshe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Al-Ram</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanina" title="Beit Hanina"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Beit Hanina</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Dahiyat al–Barid</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezrat_Torah" title="Ezrat Torah">Ezrat Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Hill_(settlement)" title="French Hill (settlement)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">French Hill</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_HaMivtar" title="Givat HaMivtar"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Givat HaMivtar</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Moshe" title="Givat Moshe">Givat Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Hotzvim" title="Har Hotzvim">Har Hotzvim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_%27Aqab" title="Kafr 'Aqab"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Kafr 'Aqab</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Belz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryat Belz">Kiryat Belz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Itri" title="Kiryat Itri">Kiryat Itri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Mattersdorf" title="Kiryat Mattersdorf">Kiryat Mattersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Sanz,_Jerusalem" title="Kiryat Sanz, Jerusalem">Kiryat Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_Dafna" title="Ma'alot Dafna"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Ma'alot Dafna</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Scopus" title="Mount Scopus">Mount Scopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Yaakov" title="Neve Yaakov"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Neve Yaakov</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisgat_Ze%27ev" title="Pisgat Ze'ev"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Pisgat Ze'ev</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Eshkol" title="Ramat Eshkol"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Ramat Eshkol</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Shlomo" title="Ramat Shlomo"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Ramat Shlomo</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramot,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramot, Jerusalem"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Ramot</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramot_Polin" title="Ramot Polin"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Ramot Polin</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedria" title="Sanhedria">Sanhedria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedria_Murhevet" title="Sanhedria Murhevet">Sanhedria Murhevet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikun_Chabad" title="Shikun Chabad">Shikun Chabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuafat" title="Shuafat"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Shuafat</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Arza" title="Tel Arza">Tel Arza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Unsdorf" title="Kiryat Unsdorf">Unsdorf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Jahalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab al-Jahalin"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Arab al–Jahalin</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Colony,_Jerusalem" title="American Colony, Jerusalem"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">American Colony</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Garden_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Garden (Jerusalem)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Al Bustan</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issawiya" title="Issawiya"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Al-Issawiya</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tur_(Mount_of_Olives)" class="mw-redirect" title="At-Tur (Mount of Olives)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">At-Tur</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_a-Zahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab a-Zahara"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Bab a-Zahara</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Bethany</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(Silwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of David (Silwan)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Ir David</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabel_Mukaber" title="Jabel Mukaber"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Jabel Mukaber</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Menachem_Begin" title="Kiryat Menachem Begin"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Kiryat Menachem Begin</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_HaZeitim" title="Ma'ale HaZeitim"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Ma'ale HaZeitim</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahalat_Shimon" title="Nahalat Shimon"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Nahalat Shimon</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_Zion" title="Nof Zion"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Nof Zion</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Amud" title="Ras al-Amud"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Ras al-Amud</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jarrah" title="Sheikh Jarrah"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Sheikh Jarrah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_HaTzadik" title="Shimon HaTzadik"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Shimon HaTzadik</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silwan" title="Silwan"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Silwan</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Joz" title="Wadi al-Joz"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Wadi al-Joz</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tor" title="Abu Tor">Abu Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnona" title="Arnona">Arnona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baka,_Jerusalem" title="Baka, Jerusalem">Baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Safafa" title="Beit Safafa"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Beit Safafa</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Talpiot" title="East Talpiot"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">East Talpiot</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Colony,_Jerusalem" title="German Colony, Jerusalem">German Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilo" title="Gilo"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Gilo</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_HaMatos" title="Givat HaMatos"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Givat HaMatos</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Oranim" title="Givat Oranim">Givat Oranim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Massuah" title="Givat Massuah">Givat Massuah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Colony,_Jerusalem" title="Greek Colony, Jerusalem">Greek colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Homa" title="Har Homa"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Har Homa</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katamon#Katamonim" title="Katamon">Katamonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malha" title="Malha">Malha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekor_Chaim" title="Mekor Chaim">Mekor Chaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat,_Jerusalem" title="Pat, Jerusalem">Pat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Rachel" title="Ramat Rachel">Ramat Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katamon#Katamonim" title="Katamon">San Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharafat,_East_Jerusalem" title="Sharafat, East Jerusalem"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Sharafat</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Baher" title="Sur Baher"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Sur Baher</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talpiot" title="Talpiot">Talpiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Tuba" title="Umm Tuba"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Umm Tuba</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayit_VeGan" title="Bayit VeGan">Bayit VeGan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_HaKerem,_Jerusalem" title="Beit HaKerem, Jerusalem">Beit HaKerem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Karem" title="Ein Karem">Ein Karem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Beit_HaKerem" title="Givat Beit HaKerem">Givat Beit HaKerem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Shaul" title="Givat Shaul">Givat Shaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Mordechai" title="Givat Mordechai">Givat Mordechai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Nof" title="Har Nof">Har Nof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ir_Ganim" title="Ir Ganim">Ir Ganim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_HaYovel" title="Kiryat HaYovel">Kiryat HaYovel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Menachem" title="Kiryat Menachem">Kiryat Menachem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Moshe" title="Kiryat Moshe">Kiryat Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motza" title="Motza">Motza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Beit_HaKerem" title="Ramat Beit HaKerem">Ramat Beit HaKerem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Denya" title="Ramat Denya">Ramat Denya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Sharett" title="Ramat Sharett">Ramat Sharett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yefeh_Nof" title="Yefeh Nof">Yefeh Nof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atarot" title="Atarot"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Atarot</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batei_Munkacs" title="Batei Munkacs">Batei Munkacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batei_Saidoff" title="Batei Saidoff">Batei Saidoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_Yisrael_(neighborhood)" title="Even Yisrael (neighborhood)">Even Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezrat_Yisrael" title="Ezrat Yisrael">Ezrat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirya_Ne%27emana" title="Kirya Ne'emana"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Kirya Ne'emana</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset_Yisrael" title="Knesset Yisrael">Knesset Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifta" title="Lifta">Lifta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahane_Yehuda_(neighborhood)" title="Mahane Yehuda (neighborhood)">Mahane Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamilla" title="Mamilla">Mamilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazkeret_Moshe" title="Mazkeret Moshe">Mazkeret Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishkenot_Sha%27ananim" title="Mishkenot Sha'ananim">Mishkenot Sha'ananim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Quarter" title="Mughrabi Quarter"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#228B22">Mughrabi Quarter</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohel_Shlomo" title="Ohel Shlomo">Ohel Shlomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27arei_Yerushalayim" title="Sha'arei Yerushalayim">Sha'arei Yerushalayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Badr,_Jerusalem" title="Sheikh Badr, Jerusalem">Sheikh Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikhron_Tuvya" title="Zikhron Tuvya">Zikhron Tuvya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikhron_Yosef" title="Zikhron Yosef">Zikhron Yosef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Courtyard_neighborhood" title="Courtyard neighborhood">Courtyard neighborhood</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ring_Neighborhoods,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Neighborhoods, Jerusalem">Ring Neighborhoods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213274#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213274#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213274#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152625030">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1715084/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcBYDPdWxDgw3RJVJqhHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n98071164">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007537936805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Old_City_of_Jerusalem&params=31_46_36_N_35_14_03_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°46′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°14′03″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.77667°N 35.23417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.77667; 35.23417</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img 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