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<li id="toc-Early_history_(2012–2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_(2012–2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history (2012–2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_(2012–2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_expansion_(2015–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_expansion_(2015–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>International expansion (2015–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_expansion_(2015–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Usage_of_Bunq_by_criminals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_of_Bunq_by_criminals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Usage of Bunq by criminals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_of_Bunq_by_criminals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helpdesk_fraud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helpdesk_fraud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Helpdesk fraud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helpdesk_fraud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privacy_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privacy_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Privacy concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privacy_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Bunq B.V.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bunq_(bank)_company_logo_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bunq_%28bank%29_company_logo_2017.svg/220px-Bunq_%28bank%29_company_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bunq_%28bank%29_company_logo_2017.svg/330px-Bunq_%28bank%29_company_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bunq_%28bank%29_company_logo_2017.svg/440px-Bunq_%28bank%29_company_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Besloten_vennootschap" title="Besloten vennootschap">Besloten vennootschap</a> B.V.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Financial_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial technology">Financial technology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2012<span class="noprint">; 13 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2012</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Niknam" title="Ali Niknam">Ali Niknam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Current_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="Current accounts">Current accounts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savings_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="Savings accounts">Savings accounts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debit_card" title="Debit card">Debit cards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortgage" title="Mortgage">Mortgages</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">53,100,000 Euro (2023) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24084541?uselang=en#P2295" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">7,417,351 Euro (2023) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24084541?uselang=en#P2403" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">427 (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bunq.com">www<wbr />.bunq<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bunq B.V.</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">English: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[bʏŋk]</a></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stylized in <a href="/wiki/All_lowercase" class="mw-redirect" title="All lowercase">all lowercase</a>), is a <a href="/wiki/Fintech" title="Fintech">fintech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neobank" title="Neobank">neobank</a> licensed in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and operating within 30 European countries. It is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. </p><p>The company was founded in 2012 by entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Ali_Niknam" title="Ali Niknam">Ali Niknam</a>, the founder of the web hosting provider TransIP and Team.Blue. Bunq's subscription services offer multiple currencies, allow multiple <a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">International Bank Account Numbers</a>, provide both personal and business bank accounts, and have a public API. In 2021, the company secured the largest Series A round for a European fintech company to date, giving it <a href="/wiki/Unicorn_(finance)" title="Unicorn (finance)">unicorn status</a>. In 2022, it purchased Belgium-based fintech organisation Tricount, making it the second largest neobank in the European Union. </p><p>Bunq has been subject to repeated controversy and scrutiny from customers, the press, its own employees, and others. The bank is reportedly being used extensively by criminals due to its lax security procedures and its failures to offer timely support to customers impacted by fraud. Former employees have addressed the latter and criticised Bunq's prioritisation of ease of access over safety. The bank has faced further criticism for its lack of privacy measures. Namely, Bunq has allegedly failed to address the unrestricted access by employees to the personal information of the bank's customers. Bunq has also contacted and intimidated those who have criticised the bank online or edited its Wikipedia page. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunq&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_(2012–2015)"><span id="Early_history_.282012.E2.80.932015.29"></span>Early history (2012–2015)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunq&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history (2012–2015)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bunq was founded by <a href="/wiki/Ali_Niknam" title="Ali Niknam">Ali Niknam</a> in Amsterdam in 2012 as a <a href="/wiki/Fintech" title="Fintech">fintech</a> company.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Niknam previously founded web hosting provider TransIP and Team.Blue.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of Bunq's early efforts went toward obtaining a European banking license from <a href="/wiki/De_Nederlandsche_Bank" title="De Nederlandsche Bank">De Nederlandsche Bank</a> (DNB), the central bank of the Netherlands, which it received n 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company then launched its <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">app</a>, becoming the first fully mobile Dutch bank.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niknam has stated in interviews that "Bunq is the only bank built by coders".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This seems to have resonated in Bunq's early public perception, as the bank was frequently labeled "an IT company with a banking license".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At its launch in 2015, Bunq was coined "<a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> for Banking" by Dutch newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/NRC_(newspaper)" title="NRC (newspaper)">NRC</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> further underscoring its product and technology-focused model as opposed to traditional banks.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_expansion_(2015–present)"><span id="International_expansion_.282015.E2.80.93present.29"></span>International expansion (2015–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunq&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: International expansion (2015–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2019, Bunq had been offering mobile financial services in 30 European countries.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 2020s, Bunq began offering multiple currencies and <a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">International Bank Account Numbers</a> (IBAN) on a single subscription, regardless of the account holder's location or residency.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Bunq, in 2021, user deposits surpassed €1.2 billion,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> increasing to €4.5 billion by early 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bunq offers personal and business bank accounts and a public API that allows software developers to access their bank accounts programmatically and build their apps.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2021, Bunq became the first digital bank in Europe to offer mortgages.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a licensed bank, Bunq account holders fall under the <a href="/wiki/Deposit_insurance#European_Union" title="Deposit insurance">Deposit Guarantee Scheme</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bunq initially operated without external funding, but the company raised equity financing in 2021 with Pollen Street Capital acquiring a 10% stake.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niknam was Bunq's sole benefactor until 2021, having invested over €120 million into the company.<sup id="cite_ref-Capitalflow_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capitalflow-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, Bunq secured the largest Series A round for a European <a href="/wiki/Fintech" title="Fintech">fintech</a> company to date, bringing its valuation to €1.6 billion and granting it <a href="/wiki/Unicorn_(finance)" title="Unicorn (finance)">unicorn status</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Capitalflow_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capitalflow-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, it was valued at $2 billion in an investment deal.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bunq's CEO announced the creation of a special fund in March 2022, aiming to help <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis">refugees from Ukraine</a> displaced by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> to come to the Netherlands by providing them with free Bunq accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2022, Bunq announced that they had acquired the Belgium-based fintech organisation Tricount. This acquisition saw Bunq become the second largest neobank in the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2022, Bunq won a court case against the DNB. Bunq had taken the DNB to court over the central bank's <a href="/wiki/Anti-money_laundering" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-money laundering">anti-money laundering</a> (AML) policies after the DNB alleged Bunq's transaction monitoring process did not comply with anti-money laundering laws.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court ruled in favor of Bunq using a learning system based on artificial intelligence as opposed to the rule-based system imposed by DNB.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Bunq raised $111 million to support its expansion, including entry into the U.S. market, maintaining a valuation of €1.8 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, it secured an additional $31 million in funding, attributed to growth in user deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company offers different banking plans across EEA countries, with customer deposits protected by the Dutch Deposit Guarantee up to €100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bunq's European user base reached 11 million by the end of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It entered partnerships with Mastercard and Nvidia in June 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that month, it had reached 464 employees and 12.5 million customers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunq&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage_of_Bunq_by_criminals">Usage of Bunq by criminals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunq&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Usage of Bunq by criminals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2021, Dutch consumer platform Kassa reported that Bunq has seen extensive use by criminals, due to Bunq not requiring a social security number to register a bank account and the ease of creating an API key.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Helpdesk_fraud">Helpdesk fraud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunq&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Helpdesk fraud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2024, Dutch consumer platform Kassa reported that customers who were scammed due to spoofing, phishing or bank helpdesk fraud could not get in touch with Bunq quickly. Kassa also reported that, due to Bunq's broader options for transferring money, it was far easier to lose large sums of money to fraud; a savings account with Bunq can be converted to bank account with a single tap, making it easier to transfer money away from a savings account. The <a href="/wiki/Consumentenbond" title="Consumentenbond">Dutch Consumers' Association</a> placed a safety warning on its savings account comparator website.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2024, Dutch broadcasting company <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a> and <i>NRC</i>, a Dutch newspaper, revealed that scammers had targeted Bunq customers more often when compared to other banks due to the fact that security measures used by other banks were not present at Bunq.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in May, the Dutch consumer platform <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radar_(programma)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radar (programma) (page does not exist)">Radar</a> </i><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_(programma)" class="extiw" title="nl:Radar (programma)">nl</a>]</span> reported a case where someone had lost €58,000 after falling victim to helpdesk fraud. The scammers requested over 80 debit cards without triggering any alarms within Bunq's system, resulting in the victim losing access to their Bunq account and their money. Bunq responded by saying that they would reimburse a large part of the damages out of goodwill, however they also mentioned that they were not directly responsible for the damages.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following these reports, Bunq said that it would be introducing a 24-hour wait period for transactions deemed to be suspicious, including "changes to your daily limit, logging in on a new device, accepting an invite to a joint or shared account, making a payment to a new counterparty for the first time, or if the payment otherwise raised our suspicion and we’re taking the necessary steps to verify its legitimacy".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, Bunq refused to compensate victims of the scams revealed by NOS and <i>NRC</i>, with Niknam stating that those who provided scammers with their login details had "giv[en] away their car keys," and that nothing could be done about it.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following talks with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Dutch Ministry of Finance</a>, Bunq agreed to provide an average of 85% compensation to those affected,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however this was also called into question when it was revealed that those with small claims had been offered 100% compensation, while those with large claims had not received an offer higher than 25%; the amount of lost funds suffered by individual customers ranged from €5,000 to €200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former employees of Bunq have criticized the company for prioritizing ease of access over safety features, as security features may annoy customers with delays in accessing accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy_concerns">Privacy concerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunq&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Privacy concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/NRC_(newspaper)" title="NRC (newspaper)">NRC</a></i> reported that Bunq employees have easy access to customer data, which has been abused by some Bunq employees to view information related to their friends, acquaintances and colleagues. The newspaper spoke to four former employees that had wrongly accessed customer details for personal, rather than professional, reasons; one had done so to help their friends who had had troubles with customer service, another to see how much her colleagues earned, and two others to "spy" on their lovers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The newspaper writes that when these issues were brought to the CEO, Ali Niknam, they were either dismissed or ignored. One of these internal documents was a risk assessment performed by the security department, which outlined three possible methods of privacy being breached, one of which was employees accessing customer data and the potential consequences, including fines and possible legal action against the company. Despite this risk assessment being dated in 2022, no internal monitoring of employee access to private information was implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Managers attempted in 2021 to give certain departments greater access rights, while lessening the access rights of other departments due to security concerns. Although Niknam initially approved this measure, later that year it was reverted when employees complained that they couldn't view certain accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bunq said that providing employees with broad access to customer data was justified because in addition to their normal roles, they require most employees to handle customer service inquiries which requires access to user data.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, Bunq faced controversy for contacting several users through their app after they criticized the bank online and made edits to the company's Wikipedia page. Bunq reportedly told the users to "moderate their tone" and that if they continued to criticize the bank, their "relationship would end." Bunq linked the identity of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia editor">Wikipedia editor</a> to a customer who reinstated critical passages of the company on its Wikipedia page, a breach of consumer privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TweakersWiki_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TweakersWiki-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bunq claimed this Wikipedia editor's story was "factually incorrect," yet refused to respond to any questions in detail from the Dutch newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Het_Financieele_Dagblad" title="Het Financieele Dagblad">Het Financieele Dagblad</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-TweakersWiki_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TweakersWiki-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunq&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.bunq.com/about/">"About bunq"</a>. <i>bunq</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bunq&rft.atitle=About+bunq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.bunq.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABunq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowne2024" class="citation news cs1">Browne, Ryan (12 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/09/12/dutch-neobank-bunq-on-hiring-spree-with-focus-on-digital-nomads.html">"Dutch neobank Bunq goes on hiring spree, targeting digital nomads, as other fintechs slash jobs"</a>. CNBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dutch+neobank+Bunq+goes+on+hiring+spree%2C+targeting+digital+nomads%2C+as+other+fintechs+slash+jobs&rft.date=2024-09-12&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2024%2F09%2F12%2Fdutch-neobank-bunq-on-hiring-spree-with-focus-on-digital-nomads.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABunq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQwcgpND4v4">"We are bunq, bank of the free"</a> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+are+bunq%2C+bank+of+the+free&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DbQwcgpND4v4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABunq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfQXYFG6ZhA">"Bunq - groepsrekening"</a> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bunq+-+groepsrekening&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRfQXYFG6ZhA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABunq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bunq.com/imprint">"Imprint"</a>. <i>bunq</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bunq&rft.atitle=Imprint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bunq.com%2Fimprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABunq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronzwaerRengers2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bronzwaer, Stijn; Rengers, Merijn (26 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/06/26/bunq-werknemers-keken-stiekem-in-klantrekeningen-het-was-te-verleidelijk-a4857800">"Bunq-werknemers keken stiekem in klantrekeningen: 'Het was te verleidelijk'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NRC_(newspaper)" title="NRC (newspaper)">NRC</a></i> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Mediahuis" title="Mediahuis">Mediahuis</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nltimes.nl&rft.atitle=Bunq+to+compensate+fraud+victims+after+all&rft.date=2024-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnltimes.nl%2F2024%2F06%2F21%2Fbunq-compensate-fraud-victims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABunq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ziptone.nl/en/nieuws/bunq-opnieuw-in-opspraak/">"Bunq again in controversy"</a>. <i>Ziptone</i>. 27 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ziptone&rft.atitle=Bunq+again+in+controversy&rft.date=2024-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ziptone.nl%2Fen%2Fnieuws%2Fbunq-opnieuw-in-opspraak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABunq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronzwaer2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bronzwaer, Stijn (24 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/24/beroofd-bij-bunq-101410-euro-kwijt-in-39-minuten-en-alleen-een-chatbot-die-je-te-woord-kan-staan-a4199901">"101.410 euro kwijt in 39 minuten: het sms'je bleek toch niet van bunq te zijn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NRC_(newspaper)" title="NRC (newspaper)">NRC</a></i> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Mediahuis" title="Mediahuis">Mediahuis</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC&rft.atitle=101.410+euro+kwijt+in+39+minuten%3A+het+sms%27je+bleek+toch+niet+van+bunq+te+zijn&rft.date=2024-05-24&rft.aulast=Bronzwaer&rft.aufirst=Stijn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2024%2F05%2F24%2Fberoofd-bij-bunq-101410-euro-kwijt-in-39-minuten-en-alleen-een-chatbot-die-je-te-woord-kan-staan-a4199901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABunq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchellevis2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schellevis, Joost (24 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2521727-phishing-aanvallers-opvallend-succesvol-bij-bunq-veiligheid-geen-thema">"Phishing-aanvallers opvallend succesvol bij Bunq: 'Veiligheid geen thema'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">Nederlandse Omroep Stichting</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phishing-aanvallers+opvallend+succesvol+bij+Bunq%3A+%27Veiligheid+geen+thema%27&rft.pub=Nederlandse+Omroep+Stichting&rft.date=2024-05-24&rft.aulast=Schellevis&rft.aufirst=Joost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F2521727-phishing-aanvallers-opvallend-succesvol-bij-bunq-veiligheid-geen-thema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABunq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrasRotteveel2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gras, Anouk; Rotteveel, Mathijs (19 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fd.nl/financiele-markten/1540577/bunq-ondervraagt-klant-via-bankapp-na-onlinekritiek">"Bunq ondervraagt klant via bankapp na onlinekritiek"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Het_Financieele_Dagblad" title="Het Financieele Dagblad">Het Financieele Dagblad</a></i> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/FD_Mediagroep" title="FD Mediagroep">FD Mediagroep</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Het+Financieele+Dagblad&rft.atitle=Bunq+ondervraagt+klant+via+bankapp+na+onlinekritiek&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft.aulast=Gras&rft.aufirst=Anouk&rft.au=Rotteveel%2C+Mathijs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffd.nl%2Ffinanciele-markten%2F1540577%2Fbunq-ondervraagt-klant-via-bankapp-na-onlinekritiek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABunq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TweakersWiki-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TweakersWiki_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TweakersWiki_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeijer2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meijer, Eveline (19 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tweakers.net/nieuws/229962/fd-bunq-spoort-klant-achter-anoniem-wikipedia-account-op-na-kritiek.html">"FD: Bunq tracks down customer behind anonymous Wikipedia account after criticism - update"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tweakers" title="Tweakers">Tweakers</a></i> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/DPG_Media" title="DPG Media">DPG Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241224205245/https://tweakers.net/nieuws/229962/fd-bunq-spoort-klant-achter-anoniem-wikipedia-account-op-na-kritiek.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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