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stones</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: paving stones"> <meta name="keywords" content="paving stones"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="paving stones"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 203</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: paving stones</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Relation between Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Paving Stones Using Neuro-Fuzzy Approach </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erion%20Luga">Erion Luga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aksel%20Seitllari"> Aksel Seitllari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Pervanqe"> Kemal Pervanqe </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the relation between physical and mechanical properties of concrete paving stones using neuro-fuzzy approach. For this purpose 200 samples of concrete paving stones were selected randomly from different sources. The first phase included the determination of physical properties of the samples such as water absorption capacity, porosity and unit weight. After that the indirect tensile strength test and compressive strength test of the samples were performed. İn the second phase, adaptive neuro-fuzzy approach was employed to simulate nonlinear mapping between the above mentioned physical properties and mechanical properties of paving stones. The neuro-fuzzy models uses Sugeno type fuzzy inference system. The models parameters were adapted using hybrid learning algorithm and input space was fuzzyfied by considering grid partitioning. It is concluded based on the observed data and the estimated data through ANFIS models that neuro-fuzzy system exhibits a satisfactory performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paving%20stones" title="paving stones">paving stones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title=" physical properties"> physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANFIS" title=" ANFIS"> ANFIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25607/relation-between-physical-and-mechanical-properties-of-concrete-paving-stones-using-neuro-fuzzy-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Investment Casting Conditions with Tourmaline In-Situ</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kageeporn%20Wongpreedee">Kageeporn Wongpreedee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bongkot%20Phichaikamjornwut"> Bongkot Phichaikamjornwut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duangkhae%20Bootkul"> Duangkhae Bootkul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The technique of stone in place casting had been established in jewelry production for two decades. However, the process were not widely used since it was limited to precious stones with high hardness and high stabililty at high temperature. This experiment were tested on tourmaline which is semi-precious gemstone having less hardness and less stability comparing to precious stones. The experiment were designed into two parts. The first part is to understand the phenomena of tourmaline under the heating conditions. Natural tourmaline stones were investigated and compared inclusions inside stones tested at temperature of 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C. The second part is to cast the treated tourmaline with ion-implanation under the stones in place casting conditions. The results showed that stones were able to tolerate as much as at 700 °C showing the growths of inclusions inside the stones. The second part of this experiment were compared tourmaline with ion-implantation and natural tourmaline using on stones in place casting process at different stone setting types. The results showed that the cracks and inclustions of both treat and natural tourmaline with stones in place casting were propagate due to high stress of metal contractions. The stones with ion-implatation were more likely tolerate to cracks and inclusion propagations inside the stones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20in%20place%20casting" title="stone in place casting">stone in place casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourmaline" title=" tourmaline"> tourmaline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20implantation" title=" ion implantation"> ion implantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20contraction" title=" metal contraction"> metal contraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57747/investment-casting-conditions-with-tourmaline-in-situ" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Strength Properties of Concrete Paving Blocks with Fly Ash and Glass Powder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20Santhosh">Joel Santhosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Bhavani%20Shankar%20Rao"> N. Bhavani Shankar Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Problems associated with construction site have been known for many years. Construction industry has to support a world of continuing population growth and economic development. The rising costs of construction materials and the need to adhere to sustainability, alternative construction techniques and materials are being sought. To increase the applications of concrete paving blocks, greater understanding of products produced with locally available materials and indigenously produced mineral admixtures is essential. In the present investigation, concrete paving blocks may be produced with locally available aggregates, cement, fly ash and waste glass powder as the mineral admixture. The ultimate aim of this work is to ascertain the performance of concrete paving blocks containing fly ash and glass powder and compare it with the performance of conventional concrete paving blocks. Mix design is carried out to form M40 grade of concrete by using IS: 10262: 2009 and specification given by IRC: SP: 63: 2004. The paving blocks are tested in accordance to IS: 15658: 2006. It showed that the partial replacement of cement by fly ash and waste glass powder satisfies the minimum requirement as specified by the Indian standard IS: 15658: 2006 for concrete paving blocks to be used in non traffic, light traffic and medium-heavy traffic areas. The study indicated that fly ash and waste glass powder can effectively be used as cement replacement without substantial change in strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paving%20block" title="paving block">paving block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20powder" title=" glass powder"> glass powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasion%20resistance" title=" abrasion resistance"> abrasion resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17008/strength-properties-of-concrete-paving-blocks-with-fly-ash-and-glass-powder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> The Kafrah Dam (The Oldest Dam in History)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Bekhit%20Gad%20Khalil">Mohamed Bekhit Gad Khalil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This dam is the oldest dam in history. It was built by the ancient Egyptian around (2650 B.C) control flooding. It is believed to have been built between the third and fourth dynasties .It contains the oldest dam in history. Many studies have been conducted for the dam. This report was prepared under my supervision and in cooperation with the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. The dam was re-documented and photographed again. The dam on the northern side Consists of irregularly shaped stones of varying sizes used randomly. Sand and soil fill the gaps between the stones. creating layers to form the body of the dam. The eastern. side of the dam Consists of a series of regular shaped stones that have been cut and constructed into a stepped pyramid-like structure with width of (15,7) meters and height of (10) meters. The surface has significant erosion and wear on the stones due to weather Conditions. which has resulted in deep cavities in most of the stone blocks forming the surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ministry%20of%20tourism%20and%20antiquities" title="ministry of tourism and antiquities">ministry of tourism and antiquities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excavations" title=" excavations"> excavations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=registration" title=" registration"> registration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=documentation" title=" documentation"> documentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187317/the-kafrah-dam-the-oldest-dam-in-history" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Increasing Sulfur Handling Cost Efficiency Using the Eco Sulfur Paving Block Method at PT Pertamina EP Field Cepu</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adha%20Bayu%20Wijaya">Adha Bayu Wijaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zainal%20Abidin"> A. Zainal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naufal%20Baihaqi"> Naufal Baihaqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joko%20Suprayitno"> Joko Suprayitno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Astika%20Titistiti"> Astika Titistiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslim%20Adi%20Wijaya"> Muslim Adi Wijaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endah%20Tri%20Lestari"> Endah Tri Lestari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agung%20Wibowo"> Agung Wibowo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sulfur is a non-metallic chemical element in the form of a yellow crystalline solid with the chemical formula, and is formed from several types of natural and artificial chemical reactions. Commercial applications of sulfur processed products can be found in various aspects of life, for example in the use of processed sulfur as paving blocks. The Gundih Central Processing Plant (CPP) is capable of producing 14 tons/day of sulfur pellets. This amount comes from the high H2S content of the wells with a total concentration of 20,000 ppm and a volume accumulation of 14 MMSCFD acid gas. H2S is converted to sulfur using the thiobacillus microbe in the Biological Sulfur Recovery Unit (BSRU) with a sulfur product purity level greater than 95%. In 2018 sulfur production at Gundih CPP was recorded at 4044 tons which could potentially trigger serious problems from an environmental aspect. The use of sulfur as material for making paving blocks is an alternative solution in addressing the potential impact on the environment, as regulated by Government Regulation No.22 of Year 2021 concerning the Waste Management of Non-Hazardous and Toxic Substances (B3), and the high cost of handling sulfur by third parties. The design mix of ratio sulfur paving blocks is 22% cements, rock ash 67%, and 11% of sulfur pellets. The sulfur used in making the paving mixture is pure sulfur, namely the side product category without any contaminants, thereby eliminating the potential for environmental pollution when implementing sulfur paving. Strength tests of sulfur paving materials have also been confirmed by external laboratories. The standard used in making sulfur paving blocks refers to the SNI 03-0691-1996 standard. With the results of sulfur paving blocks made according to quality B. Currently, sulfur paving blocks are used in building access to wells locations and in public roads in the Cepu Field area as a contribution from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulphur" title="sulphur">sulphur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paving%20block" title=" paving block"> paving block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSR" title=" CSR"> CSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulphur%20paving" title=" sulphur paving"> sulphur paving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175532/increasing-sulfur-handling-cost-efficiency-using-the-eco-sulfur-paving-block-method-at-pt-pertamina-ep-field-cepu" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Long-Term Field Performance of Paving Fabric Interlayer Systems to Reduce Reflective Cracking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farshad%20Amini">Farshad Amini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kejun%20Wen"> Kejun Wen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The formation of reflective cracking of pavement overlays has confronted highway engineers for many years. Stress-relieving interlayers, such as paving fabrics, have been used in an attempt to reduce or delay reflective cracking. The effectiveness of paving fabrics in reducing reflection cracking is related to joint or crack movement in the underlying pavement, crack width, overlay thickness, subgrade conditions, climate, and traffic volume. The nonwoven geotextiles are installed between the old and new asphalt layers. Paving fabrics enhance performance through two mechanisms: stress relief and waterproofing. Several factors including proper installation, remedial work performed before overlay, overlay thickness, variability of pavement strength, existing pavement condition, base/subgrade support condition, and traffic volume affect the performance. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a long-term monitoring of the paving fabric interlayer systems to evaluate its effectiveness and performance. A comprehensive testing, monitoring, and analysis program were undertaken, where twelve 500-ft pavement sections of a four-lane highway were rehabilitated, and then monitored for seven years. A comparison between the performance of paving fabric treatment systems and control sections is reported. Lessons learned, and the various factors are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title="monitoring">monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paving%20fabrics" title=" paving fabrics"> paving fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflective%20cracking" title=" reflective cracking"> reflective cracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57230/long-term-field-performance-of-paving-fabric-interlayer-systems-to-reduce-reflective-cracking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Kidney Stones in Individuals Living with Diabetes Mellitus at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City - Tertiary Care Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhaib%20Radi">Suhaib Radi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Basem%20Nafadi"> Ibrahim Basem Nafadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Ahmed%20Alsulami"> Abdullah Ahmed Alsulami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawaf%20Faisal%20Halabi"> Nawaf Faisal Halabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrhman%20Abdullah%20Alsubhi"> Abdulrhman Abdullah Alsubhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Wesam%20Maghrabi"> Sami Wesam Maghrabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Saad%20Alshehri"> Waleed Saad Alshehri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Kidney stones greatly affect individuals. The range of these effects regarding multiple kidney stone factors (size, presence of obstruction, and modality of treatment) in stone formers with and without diabetes has not been well explored in the literature to the best of the author's knowledge. Our goal is to investigate this unexplored correlation between diabetes and kidney stones by conducting a Cohort retrospective study to precisely evaluate the effects of this condition and the existence of complications in adult individuals with diabetes in Saudi Arabia in comparison to a non-diabetic control group. Methodology: This is a retrospective cohort study aiming to evaluate the range of effects of kidney stones in stone formers in a group of adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and adults without diabetes between 2017 and 2019 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An IRB approval has been granted for this study. The data was analyzed using SPSS. The data was collected from the 1st of December 2022 until the 1st of March 2023. Results: A total of 254 individuals diagnosed with kidney stones were included, 127 of whom were adult individuals with type 2 diabetes, and 127 were non-diabetics. Our study shows that the individuals affected with diabetes were more likely to have larger kidney stones in comparison to individuals without diabetes (13.12 mm vs. 10.53 mm, p-value = 0.03). Moreover, individuals with hypertension and dyslipidemia also had significantly larger stones. On the other hand, no significant difference was found in the presence of obstruction and modality of treatment between the two groups. Conclusion: This study done in Saudi Arabia found that individuals with kidney stones who concurrently had diabetes formed larger kidney stones, and they were also found to have other comorbidities such as HTN, dyslipidemia, obesity, and renal disease. The significance of these findings could assist in the future of primary and secondary prevention of renal stones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20stone" title="kidney stone">kidney stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20DM" title=" type 2 DM"> type 2 DM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20syndrome" title=" metabolic syndrome"> metabolic syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithotripsy" title=" lithotripsy"> lithotripsy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172898/kidney-stones-in-individuals-living-with-diabetes-mellitus-at-king-abdul-aziz-medical-city-tertiary-care-center-jeddah-saudi-arabia-a-retrospective-cohort-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Endoscopic Treatment of Patients with Large Bile Duct Stones</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Teterin">Yuri Teterin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lomali%20Generdukaev"> Lomali Generdukaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20Blagovestnov"> Dmitry Blagovestnov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Yartcev"> Peter Yartcev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Under the definition "large biliary stones," we referred to stones over 1.5 cm, in which standard transpapillary litho extraction techniques were unsuccessful. Electrohydraulic and laser contact lithotripsy under SpyGlass control have been actively applied for the last decade in order to improve endoscopic treatment results. Aims and Methods: Between January 2019 and July 2022, the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care treated 706 patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis who underwent biliary stones removed from the common bile duct. Of them, in 57 (8, 1%) patients, the use of a Dormia basket or Biliary stone extraction balloon was technically unsuccessful due to the size of the stones (more than 15 mm in diameter), which required their destruction. Mechanical lithotripsy was used in 35 patients, and electrohydraulic and laser lithotripsy under SpyGlass direct visualization system - in 26 patients. Results: The efficiency of mechanical lithotripsy was 72%. Complications in this group were observed in 2 patients. In both cases, on day one after lithotripsy, acute pancreatitis developed, which resolved on day three with conservative therapy (Clavin-Dindo type 2). The efficiency of contact lithotripsy was in 100% of patients. Complications were not observed in this group. Bilirubin level in this group normalized on the 3rd-4th day. Conclusion: Our study showed the efficacy and safety of electrohydraulic and laser lithotripsy under SpyGlass control in a well-defined group of patients with large bile duct stones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20lithotripsy" title="contact lithotripsy">contact lithotripsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choledocholithiasis" title=" choledocholithiasis"> choledocholithiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SpyGlass" title=" SpyGlass"> SpyGlass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholangioscopy" title=" cholangioscopy"> cholangioscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title=" laser"> laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrohydraulic%20system" title=" electrohydraulic system"> electrohydraulic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERCP" title=" ERCP"> ERCP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159352/endoscopic-treatment-of-patients-with-large-bile-duct-stones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Manifestation of Hybridity in Marie Jones’s "Stones in His Pockets"</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Mahjoub%20Laleh">Mahsa Mahjoub Laleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Dasht%20Peyma"> Nasser Dasht Peyma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores Marie Jones’s Stones in His Pockets in the light of the postcolonial notion of hybridity. The play is a tragicomedy about a small village in Ireland where many of the locales are extras in a Hollywood film. The actions of the play revolve around a local teenager named Sean who has been vilipended by a famous film star. The Sean character commits suicide by drowning himself with stones in his pockets. This paper explored how the attempts to gain cultural identity is manifested in Marie Jones’s play and how authority causes a change in the culture and destiny of people. Apparently, the play demonstrates that the political, economic and social realities directly affect people’s destiny and identity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20identity" title="cultural identity">cultural identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridity" title=" hybridity"> hybridity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postcolonial" title=" postcolonial"> postcolonial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84544/manifestation-of-hybridity-in-marie-joness-stones-in-his-pockets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Determinants of Stone Free Status After a Single Session of Flexible Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy for Renal Calculi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elkoushy">Mohamed Elkoushy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameer%20Munshi"> Sameer Munshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Tayeb"> Waseem Tayeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) has dramatically improved the minimally invasive management of complex nephrolithiasis. fUR is increasingly being used as the first-line treatment for patients with renal stones. Stone-free status (SFS) is the primary goal in the management of patients with urolithiasis. However, substantial variations exist in the reported SFS following fURS. Objectives: This study determines the predictors of SFS after a single session of fURS with holmium laser lithotripsy (HLL) for renal calculi. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed for all consecutive patients undergoing fURS and HLL for renal calculi at a tertiary care center. Patients with previous ipsilateral URS for the same stones were excluded. All patients underwent JJ ureteral stent insertion at the end of the procedure. SFS was defined as the presence of no residuals or ≤4-mm non-obstructing stone and was assessed by CT/KUB imaging after 3-4 weeks post-operatively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to detect possible predictors of SFS. Results: A total of 212 patients were included with a mean age of 52.3±8.3 years and a stone burden <20 mm (49.1%), 20-30 mm (41.0%) and >30 mm (9.9%). Overall SFS after a single session of fURS was 71.7%, 92% and 52% for stones less and larger than 20 mm, respectively. Patients with stones> 20 mm need retreatment with a mean number of 1.8 (1.3-2.7) fURS. SFS was significantly associated with male gender, stone bulk <20 mm (95.7% vs. 56.2%), non-lower pole stones, hydronephrotic kidney, low stone intensity, ureteral access sheath, and preoperative stenting. SFS was associated with a lower readmission rate (5.9% vs. 38.9%) and urinary tract infections (3.8% vs. 25.9%). In multivariate regression analysis, SFS maintains its significant association with low stone burden of <20 mm (OR: 5.21), stone intensity <600 HFU (OR: 2.87), and non-lower caliceal stones (OR: 3.84). Conclusion: Best results after a single-session fURS for renal stone were obtained for the stone burden of less than 20 mm and low stone attenuation. Lower calyceal stones may influence stone clearance and need a different approach than fURS, especially for higher stone burden. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ureteroscopy" title="ureteroscopy">ureteroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20stone" title=" kidney stone"> kidney stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithotripsy" title=" lithotripsy"> lithotripsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone-free" title=" stone-free"> stone-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictors" title=" predictors"> predictors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192556/determinants-of-stone-free-status-after-a-single-session-of-flexible-ureteroscopy-with-laser-lithotripsy-for-renal-calculi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Effect of Freeze-Thaw (F-T) Processes on the Engineering and Textural Properties of Nevşehir Stone (Nevşehir / Turkey)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0smail%20%C4%B0nce">İsmail İnce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Fener"> Mustafa Fener</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural stones used as building materials are exposed to various direct or indirect atmospheric effects depending on the climatic and seasonal conditions. Stones deteriorate partially or fully as a result of these effects. Freezing and thawing (F-T) process is the most important interaction. Nevşehir is located in the Central Anatolia region in Turkey and it has a typical continental climate with cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers. Effects of freeze-thaw processes were widely observed on the building stones used in the region. Pyroclastic rocks, which are named as Nevşehir stone in the region, have been used in most of these buildings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the variations in engineering and textural properties of Nevşehir stone during different F-T cycles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nev%C5%9Fehir%20stone" title="Nevşehir stone">Nevşehir stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze-thaw" title=" freeze-thaw"> freeze-thaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20properties" title=" engineering properties"> engineering properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textural%20properties" title=" textural properties"> textural properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31995/effect-of-freeze-thaw-f-t-processes-on-the-engineering-and-textural-properties-of-nevsehir-stone-nevsehir-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">980</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Investigation and Identification of a Number of Precious and Semi-precious Stones Related to Bam Historical Citadel Using Micro Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDX)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazli%20Darkhal">Nazli Darkhal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of gems and ornaments has been common in Iran since the beginning of history. The prosperity of the country, the wealth, and the interest of the people of this land in luxurious and glorious life, combined with beauty, have always attracted the attention of the gems and ornaments of the Iranian people. Iranians are famous in the world for having a long history of collecting and recognizing precious stones. In this case, we can use the unique treasure of national jewelry. Raman spectroscopy method is one of the oscillating spectroscopy methods that is classified in the group of nondestructive study methods, and like other methods, in addition to several advantages, it also has disadvantages and problems. Micro Raman spectroscopy is one of the different types of Raman spectroscopy in which an optical microscope is combined with a Raman device to provide more capabilities and advantages than its original method. In this way, with the help of Raman spectroscopy and a light microscope, while observing more details from different parts of the historical sample, natural or artificial pigments can be identified in a small part of it. The EDX electron microscope also functions as the basis for the interaction of the electron beam with the matter. The beams emitted from this interaction can be used to examine samples. In this article, in addition to introducing the micro Raman spectroscopy method, studies have been conducted on the structure of three samples of existing stones in the historic citadel of Bam. Using this method of study on precious and semi-precious stones, in addition to requiring a short time, can provide us with complete information about the structure and theme of these samples. The results of experiments and gemology of the stones showed that the selected beads are agate and jasper, and they can be placed in the chalcedony group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bam%20citadel" title="bam citadel">bam citadel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precious%20and%20semi-precious%20stones" title=" precious and semi-precious stones"> precious and semi-precious stones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscope" title=" scanning electron microscope"> scanning electron microscope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146686/investigation-and-identification-of-a-number-of-precious-and-semi-precious-stones-related-to-bam-historical-citadel-using-micro-raman-spectroscopy-and-scanning-electron-microscopy-semedx" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Elimination of Phosphorus by Activated Carbon Prepared from Algerian Dates Stones</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kamarchoua">A. Kamarchoua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Bebaa"> A. A. Bebaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Douadi"> A. Douadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current work has a goal of the preparation of activated carbon from the stones of dates from southern Algeria (El-Oued province) using a simple pyrolysis proceeded by chemical impregnation in sulphuric acid. For the preparation of the carbon, we choose the diameter of the pellets (0.5-1)mm, activation by acid and water (1:1), carbonization at 450˚C. The prepared carbon has the following characteristics: specific surface 125.86 m2/g, methylene blue number 40, CCE = 0.3meq.g/l, IR and micrographics SEM. The activated carbon thus obtained is used at the water purification in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at Kouinine, El- Oued province, to totally eliminate phosphorus. We analyzed the water at the WWTP before the purification procedure. In this study, we have looked at the effect of the following parameters on the adsorption of carbon: the pH, the contact time (Tc) and the agitation speed (Va). The best conditions for phosphorus adsorption are: pH=4 or pH >5, Tc = 60 min and Va = 900 rotations per minute. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20stones" title=" date stones"> date stones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate%20pollutants" title=" phosphate pollutants "> phosphate pollutants </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40846/elimination-of-phosphorus-by-activated-carbon-prepared-from-algerian-dates-stones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Olive Stone Valorization to Its Application on the Ceramic Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mart%C3%ADn-Morales">M. Martín-Morales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Eliche-Quesada"> D. Eliche-Quesada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20P%C3%A9rez-Villarejo"> L. Pérez-Villarejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zamorano"> M. Zamorano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Olive oil is a product of particular importance within the Mediterranean and Spanish agricultural food system, and more specifically in Andalusia, owing to be the world's main production area. Olive oil processing generates olive stones which are dried and cleaned to remove pulp and olive stones fines to produce biofuel characterized to have high energy efficiency in combustion processes. Olive stones fine fraction is not too much appreciated as biofuel, so it is important the study of alternative solutions to be valorized. Some researchers have studied recycling different waste to produce ceramic bricks. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of olive stones addition on the properties of fired clay bricks for building construction. Olive stones were substituted by volume (7.5%, 15%, and 25%) to brick raw material in three different sizes (lower than 1 mm, lower than 2 mm and between 1 and 2 mm). In order to obtain comparable results, a series without olive stones was also prepared. The prepared mixtures were compacted in laboratory type extrusion under a pressure of 2.5MPa for rectangular shaped (30 mm x 60 mm x 10 mm). Dried and fired industrial conditions were applied to obtain laboratory brick samples. Mass loss after sintering, bulk density, porosity, water absorption and compressive strength of fired samples were investigated and compared with a sample manufactured without biomass. Results obtained have shown that olive stone addition decreased mechanical properties due to the increase in water absorption, although values tested satisfied the requirements in EN 772-1 about methods of test for masonry units (Part 1: Determination of compressive strength). Finally, important advantages related to the properties of bricks as well as their environmental effects could be obtained with the use of biomass studied to produce ceramic bricks. The increasing of the percentage of olive stones incorporated decreased bulk density and then increased the porosity of bricks. On the one hand, this lower density supposes a weight reduction of bricks to be transported, handled as well as the lightening of building; on the other hand, biomass in clay contributes to auto thermal combustion which involves lower fuel consumption during firing step. Consequently, the production of porous clay bricks using olive stones could reduce atmospheric emissions and improve their life cycle assessment, producing eco-friendly clay bricks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20bricks" title="clay bricks">clay bricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20stones" title=" olive stones"> olive stones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valorization" title=" valorization"> valorization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75187/olive-stone-valorization-to-its-application-on-the-ceramic-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Inhibition of Crystallization Lithiasis Phosphate (Struvite) by Extracts Zea mays </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Benahmed">N. Benahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Cheriti"> A. Cheriti </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kidney stones of infectious origin, in particular, the phosphate amoniaco-magnesian hexahydrate or struvite are one of the risk factors that most often leads of renal insufficiency. Many plants species, described in pharmacopoeias of several countries is used as a remedy for urinary stones, the latter is a disease resulting from the presence of stones in the kidneys or urinary tract. Our research is based on the existing relationship between the effect of extracts of medicinal plant used for the cure of urinary tract diseases in the region of Algeria south-west on urolithiasis especially Ammonium-Magnesium Phosphate Hexahydrate (Struvite). We have selected Zea mays L. (POACEAE) for this study. On the first stage, we have studied the crystallisation of struvite 'in vitro' without inhibitors, after we have compared to crystallization with inhibitors. Most of The organic and aqueous extracts of this plant give an effect on the crystal size of struvite. It is a very significant reduction in the size of the crystals of struvite in the presence of hexane and ethanol extract (12 to 5-6 μm). We’ve observed a decrease in the size of the aggregates in the presence of all the extracts. This reduction is important for the aqueous, acetone and chloroform extract (45 to 10-16μm). Finally, a deep study was conducted on the effective extract of Zea mays L.; for determine the influence of inhibitory phytochemical compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title="medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=struvite" title=" struvite"> struvite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urolithiasis" title=" urolithiasis"> urolithiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zea%20mays" title=" zea mays"> zea mays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33425/inhibition-of-crystallization-lithiasis-phosphate-struvite-by-extracts-zea-mays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Load Carrying Capacity of Soils Reinforced with Encased Stone Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chandrakaran">S. Chandrakaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Govind"> G. Govind</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stone columns are effectively used to improve bearing strength of soils and also for many geotechnical applications. In soft soils when stone columns are loaded they undergo large settlements due to insufficient lateral confinement. Use of geosynthetics encasement has proved to be a solution for this problem. In this paper, results of a laboratory experimental study carried out with model stone columns with and without encasement. Sand was used for making test beds, and grain size of soil varies from 0.075mm to 4.75mm. Woven geotextiles produced by Gareware ropes India with mass per unit area of 240gm/M2 and having tensile strength of 52KN/m is used for the present investigation. Tests were performed with large scale direct shear box and also using scaled laboratory plate load tests. Stone column of 50mm and 75mm is used for the present investigation. Diameter of stone column, size of stones used for making stone columns is varied in making stone column in the present study. Two types of stone were used namely small and bigger in size. Results indicate that there is an increase in angle of internal friction and also an increase in the shear strength of soil when stone columns are encased. With stone columns with 50mm dia, an average increase of 7% in shear strength and 4.6 % in angle of internal friction was achieved. When large stones were used increase in the shear strength was 12.2%, and angle of internal friction was increased to 5.4%. When the stone column diameter has increased to 75mm increase in shear strength and angle of internal friction was increased with smaller size of stones to 7.9 and 7.5%, and with large size stones, it was 7.7 and 5.48% respectively. Similar results are obtained in plate load tests, also. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20columns" title="stone columns">stone columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encasement" title=" encasement"> encasement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20load%20test" title=" plate load test"> plate load test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76343/load-carrying-capacity-of-soils-reinforced-with-encased-stone-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Removal of Organics Pollutants from Wastewater by Activated Carbon Prepared from Dates Stones of Southern Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abasse%20Kamarchou">Abasse Kamarchou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abdelhafid%20Bebba"> Ahmed Abdelhafid Bebba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Douadi"> Ali Douadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this work is the preparation of an activated carbon from waste date palm from El Oued region, namely the date stones and its use in the treatment of wastewater in this region. The study of the characteristics of this coal has the following results: specific surface 125.86 m2 / g, pore volume 0.039 cm3 / g, pore diameter of 16.25 microns, surface micropores 92.28 m2 / g, the outer surface 33,57 m2 /g, methylene blue number of 13.6 mg / g, iodine number 735.2 mg /g, the functional groups are the number of 4.10-2 mol / g. The optimum conditions for pH, stirring speed, initial concentration, contact time were determined. For organic pollutants, the best conditions are: pH > 8 and pH < 5, a contact time of 5 minutes and an agitation rate of 200 - 300 rpm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm" title="date palm">date palm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title=" activated carbon"> activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Oued" title=" El-Oued"> El-Oued</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47671/removal-of-organics-pollutants-from-wastewater-by-activated-carbon-prepared-from-dates-stones-of-southern-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Cost-Effectiveness of Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration vs. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in the Emergency Management of Common Bile Duct Stones</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tess%20Howard">Tess Howard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lily%20Owens"> Lily Owens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneesha%20De%20Silva"> Maneesha De Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russell%20Hodgson"> Russell Hodgson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (CBDE) compared to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and cholecystectomy for the emergency management of common bile duct (CBD) stones. Methodology: A retrospective case note review was conducted on consecutive patients undergoing emergency management of CBD stones using either CBDE, or ERCP and cholecystectomy at a single centre between January 2014-October 2014. Data on admission and procedural costs, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications and further stone related interventions were analysed. Results: A total of 350 patients were analysed. Among them, 299 patients underwent CBDE at the time of cholecystectomy, while the remaining 51 underwent ERCP either pre-, intra- or post cholecystectomy. CBDE was associated with lower overall costs compared to ERCP with an average hospital stay cost of $13,093 vs $22,930 respectively. This was largely attributed to shorter hospital stays (6.5 vs 10.3 days), decreased need for intensive care unit admission and fewer postoperative interventions within the CBDE group. Notably, single procedure laparoscopic cholecystectomy with CBDE demonstrated decreased operative costs compared to laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with ERCP pre-/intra- or post-operatively ($3,747 vs. $4,641). Conclusion: Emergent CBDE is a cost-effective alternative to ERCP for managing CBD stones when combined with cholecystectomy. The upfront investment in equipment for CBDE and increased cholecystectomy procedural time is counterbalanced by reduced hospital stay, fewer procedures and subsequent cost savings. Economic considerations, in conjunction with clinical outcomes, should inform the selection of the optimal approach for CBD stone management in emergency settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choledocolithiasis" title="choledocolithiasis">choledocolithiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-effectiveness" title=" cost-effectiveness"> cost-effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoscopic%20retrograde%20cholangiopancreatography" title=" endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography"> endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERCP" title=" ERCP"> ERCP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBDE" title=" CBDE"> CBDE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20bile%20duct%20exploration" title=" common bile duct exploration"> common bile duct exploration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192290/cost-effectiveness-of-laparoscopic-common-bile-duct-exploration-vs-endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography-in-the-emergency-management-of-common-bile-duct-stones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Determination of Weathering at Kilistra Ancient City by Using Non-Destructive Techniques, Central Anatolia, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0smail%20%C4%B0nce">İsmail İnce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20G%C3%BCnaydin"> Osman Günaydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20%C3%96zer"> Fatma Özer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stones used in the construction of historical structures are exposed to various direct or indirect atmospheric effects depending on climatic conditions. Building stones deteriorate partially or fully as a result of this exposure. The historic structures are important symbols of any cultural heritage. Therefore, it is important to protect and restore these historical structures. The aim of this study is to determine the weathering conditions at the Kilistra ancient city. It is located in the southwest of the Konya city, Central Anatolia, and was built by carving into pyroclastic rocks during the Byzantine Era. For this purpose, the petrographic and mechanical properties of the pyroclastic rocks were determined. In the assessment of weathering of structures in the ancient city, in-situ non-destructive testing (i.e., Schmidt hardness rebound value, relative humidity measurement) methods were applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title="cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kilistra%20ancient%20city" title=" Kilistra ancient city"> Kilistra ancient city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20techniques" title=" non-destructive techniques"> non-destructive techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weathering" title=" weathering"> weathering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63339/determination-of-weathering-at-kilistra-ancient-city-by-using-non-destructive-techniques-central-anatolia-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Design Procedure of Cold Bitumen Emulsion Mixtures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20Shanbara">Hayder Shanbara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felicite%20Ruddock"> Felicite Ruddock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Atherton"> William Atherton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Al-Rifaie"> Ali Al-Rifaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In highways construction, Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is used predominantly as a paving material from many years. Around 90 percent of the world road network is laid by flexible pavements. However, there are some restrictions on paving hot mix asphalt such as immoderate greenhouse gas emission, rainy season difficulties, fuel and energy consumption and cost. Therefore, Cold Bitumen Emulsion Mixture (CBEM) is considered an alternative mix to the HMA. CBEM is the popular type of Cold Mix Asphalt (CMA). It is unheated emulsion, aggregate and filler mixtures, which can be prepared and mixed at ambient temperature. This research presents a simple and more practicable design procedure of CBEM and discusses limitations of this design. CBEM is a mixture of bitumen emulsion and aggregates that mixed and produced at ambient temperature. It is relatively easy to produce, but the design procedure that provided by Asphalt Institute (Manual Series 14 (1989)) pose some issues in its practical application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20bitumen" title="cold bitumen">cold bitumen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion%20mixture" title=" emulsion mixture"> emulsion mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20procedure" title=" design procedure"> design procedure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement" title=" pavement"> pavement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76521/design-procedure-of-cold-bitumen-emulsion-mixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pha) among Asphalt and Road Paving Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boularas%20El%20Alia">Boularas El Alia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Rezk-Allah"> H. Rezk-Allah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chaoui"> S. Chaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chama"> A. Chama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Rezk-Allah"> B. Rezk-Allah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: To assess the current exposure to the PHA among various workers in the sector of asphalt and road paving. Methods: The assessment of the exposure to PHA has been performed on workers (n=14) belonging to two companies, allocated into several activities such as road paving, manufacturing of coated bituminous warm, manufacturing of asphalt cut-back, manufacturing of emulsion of asphalt. A group of control subjects (n=18) was associated. The internal exposure to PHA was investigated by measurement of the urinary excretion of 2-naphtol, urine metabolite of naphtalene, one of the biomarkers of total PHA exposure. Urine samples were collected from the exposed workers, at the beginning of the week, at the beginning of the work shift (BWBS) and at the end of the work shift, at the end of the week (ESEW). In the control subjects, single samples of urine were collected after the end of the work shift.Every subject was invited to answer a questionnaire for the collection of technical and medical data as well as smoking habits and food intake. The concentration of 2-naphtol in the hydrolysate of urine was determined spectrophotometrically, after its reaction with the Fast Blue BB salt (diazotized 4-benzoylamino-2,5-diethoxyaniline). Results: For all the workers included in the study, the 2-urinary naphtol concentrations were higher than those in the control subjects (Median=9,55 µg/g creatinine) whether it is at (BWBS) (Md=16,2 µg/g creatinine) or at (ESEW) (n=18,Median=32,22 µg/g creatinine). Considerable differences are observed according to the category of job. The concentrations are also higher among smokers. Conclusion:The results show a significant exposure, mainly during manual laying, reveals an important risk particularly for the respiratory system.Considering the current criteria, carcinogenic risk due to the PHA seems not insignificant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PHA" title="PHA">PHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt" title=" asphalt"> asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational" title=" occupational"> occupational</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure" title=" exposure"> exposure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16168/occupational-exposure-to-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-pha-among-asphalt-and-road-paving-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Hidden Stones When Implementing Artificial Intelligence Solutions in the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rimma%20Dzhusupova">Rimma Dzhusupova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Bosch"> Jan Bosch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Holmstr%C3%B6m%20Olsson"> Helena Holmström Olsson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) industry has not yet a proven track record in large-scale projects. Since AI solutions for industrial applications became available only recently, deployment experience and lessons learned are still to be built up. Nevertheless, AI has become an attractive technology for organizations looking to automate repetitive tasks to reduce manual work. Meanwhile, the current AI market has started offering various solutions and services. The contribution of this research is that we explore in detail the challenges and obstacles faced in developing and deploying AI in a large-scale project in the EPC industry based on real-life use cases performed in an EPC company. Those identified challenges are not linked to a specific technology or a company's know-how and, therefore, are universal. The findings in this paper aim to provide feedback to academia to reduce the gap between research and practice experience. They also help reveal the hidden stones when implementing AI solutions in the industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering" title=" engineering"> engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procurement%20and%20construction%20industry" title=" procurement and construction industry"> procurement and construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI%20in%20the%20EPC%20industry" title=" AI in the EPC industry"> AI in the EPC industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151610/hidden-stones-when-implementing-artificial-intelligence-solutions-in-the-engineering-procurement-and-construction-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> High Temperature Behaviour of Various Limestone Used in Heritage Buildings at Material and Block Scales</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Daoudi">Ayoub Daoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Eslami"> Javad Eslami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Lise%20Beaucour"> Anne-Lise Beaucour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Vigroux"> Martin Vigroux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albert%20Noumow%C3%A9"> Albert Noumowé</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a fact, many cultural heritage masonry buildings have undergone violent fires during their history. In order to investigate the high temperature behaviour of stone masonry, six French limestones were heated to 600 °C at a rate of 9 °C/min. The main focus is the comparison between the high temperature behaviour of stones at the material and at the structural scale. In order to evaluate the risk of spalling, the tests have been carried out on the stone blocks (12x30x30 cm) instrumented with thermocouples and subjected to an unidirectional heating on one face. Thereafter, visual assessments and non-destructive measurements (dynamic elastic modulus) performed on blocks demonstrate a different behaviour from what was observed at the material scale. Finally, a series of thermo-mechanical computations, using finite element method, allowed us to highlight the difference between the behaviour of stones at material and block scales. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limestones" title="limestones">limestones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hight%20temperature%20behaviour" title=" hight temperature behaviour"> hight temperature behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-mechanical%20modeling" title=" thermo-mechanical modeling"> thermo-mechanical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20and%20blocks%20scales" title=" material and blocks scales"> material and blocks scales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20change" title=" color change"> color change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143929/high-temperature-behaviour-of-various-limestone-used-in-heritage-buildings-at-material-and-block-scales" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Long-Term Treatment Efficiency of an Integrated Constructed Wetland System for the Removal of Pollutants Using Biomaterials/ Cork and Date Palm By-Product</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Kraiem">Khadija Kraiem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Bessadok"> Salma Bessadok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorra%20Tabassi"> Dorra Tabassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atef%20Jaouani"> Atef Jaouani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the long-term impact of incorporating biowaste (i.e., cork and date stones) as a natural and cost-effective alternative to traditional substrates (e.g., gravel) in constructed wetlands (CWs). Results showed that pollutant removal efficiency was significantly improved after the addition of biowaste under different hydraulic retention time (HRT) conditions. The addition of cork in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) improved chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from 64% to 86%. Similarly, in horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HFCWs), COD removal increased from 67% to 81% with cork and 85% with date seeds. In terms of ammonium removal, cork in VFCWs increased efficiency from 34% to 56%, while in HFCWs, it improved from 24% to 47% with cork and reached 44% with date stones. Furthermore, our data showed that the addition of biowastes improved the removal of micropollutants, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac (DFC), with the highest removal of BPA of 86% and DFC of 89% observed in the date seeds wetland. However, no significant changes were observed in pathogens removal. The evaluation of the impact of biowaste addition on the contribution of plant species and its interaction with hydraulic retention time (HRT) was also conducted for pollutant removal. The addition of biowaste resulted in a decrease in the required HRT for effective contaminant elimination, but it had no notable impact on the contribution of plant species. To summarize, our findings indicate that utilizing biowastes in artificial wetlands for the treatment of wastewater with various pollutants can result in synergistic effects, presenting potential benefits in terms of both efficiency and cost-effectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructed%20wetlands" title="constructed wetlands">constructed wetlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cork" title=" cork"> cork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20stones" title=" date stones"> date stones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutant%20removal" title=" pollutant removal"> pollutant removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189165/long-term-treatment-efficiency-of-an-integrated-constructed-wetland-system-for-the-removal-of-pollutants-using-biomaterials-cork-and-date-palm-by-product" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Life Cycle Datasets for the Ornamental Stone Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabella%20Bianco">Isabella Bianco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gian%20Andrea%20Blengini"> Gian Andrea Blengini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The environmental impact related to ornamental stones (such as marbles and granites) is largely debated. Starting from the industrial revolution, continuous improvements of machineries led to a higher exploitation of this natural resource and to a more international interaction between markets. As a consequence, the environmental impact of the extraction and processing of stones has increased. Nevertheless, if compared with other building materials, ornamental stones are generally more durable, natural, and recyclable. From the scientific point of view, studies on stone life cycle sustainability have been carried out, but these are often partial or not very significant because of the high percentage of approximations and assumptions in calculations. This is due to the lack, in life cycle databases (e.g. Ecoinvent, Thinkstep, and ELCD), of datasets about the specific technologies employed in the stone production chain. For example, databases do not contain information about diamond wires, chains or explosives, materials commonly used in quarries and transformation plants. The project presented in this paper aims to populate the life cycle databases with specific data of specific stone processes. To this goal, the methodology follows the standardized approach of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), according to the requirements of UNI 14040-14044 and to the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook guidelines of the European Commission. The study analyses the processes of the entire production chain (from-cradle-to-gate system boundaries), including the extraction of benches, the cutting of blocks into slabs/tiles and the surface finishing. Primary data have been collected in Italian quarries and transformation plants which use technologies representative of the current state-of-the-art. Since the technologies vary according to the hardness of the stone, the case studies comprehend both soft stones (marbles) and hard stones (gneiss). In particular, data about energy, materials and emissions were collected in marble basins of Carrara and in Beola and Serizzo basins located in the province of Verbano Cusio Ossola. Data were then elaborated through an appropriate software to build a life cycle model. The model was realized setting free parameters that allow an easy adaptation to specific productions. Through this model, the study aims to boost the direct participation of stone companies and encourage the use of LCA tool to assess and improve the stone sector environmental sustainability. At the same time, the realization of accurate Life Cycle Inventory data aims at making available, to researchers and stone experts, ILCD compliant datasets of the most significant processes and technologies related to the ornamental stone sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title="life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCA%20datasets" title=" LCA datasets"> LCA datasets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ornamental%20stone" title=" ornamental stone"> ornamental stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20environmental%20impact" title=" stone environmental impact"> stone environmental impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60723/life-cycle-datasets-for-the-ornamental-stone-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> Revealing Corruption through Strategic Narration in Mandla Langa’s Memory of Stones (2000)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dzunisani%20Sibuyi">Dzunisani Sibuyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article demonstrates how corruption is revealed in Mandla Langa’s Memory of Stones (2000) through the deployment of narrational strategies by applying narrative theories by Gerard Genette’s Narrative Discourse and Narrative Discourse Revisited, as well as Mikhail Bakhtin’s Dialogic Imagination to the text. This is accomplished by analysing Langa’s use of extradiegetic-heterodiegetic and intradiegetic-homodiegetic narrational strategies respectively employed by the anonymous narrator and character narrator Mpanza. The narration provided by these narrators is multi-voiced in its approach to the events depicting corruption from various completing and explanatory perspectives. In addition, Langa also employs narrative techniques of narrating times such as simultaneous, subsequent, and interpolated narration to highlight corruption taking place, which is highlighted by situating the story in its presentness moments coinciding with the corruption action. As a result, by emphasising the events portraying the plight of the main characters and their struggle to resist and defeat corrupt leaders, the narration strategically reveals corruption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrational%20strategies" title="narrational strategies">narrational strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrating%20voice" title=" narrating voice"> narrating voice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialogism" title=" dialogism"> dialogism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%A9rard%20Genette" title=" Gérard Genette"> Gérard Genette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandla%20Langa" title=" Mandla Langa"> Mandla Langa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikhail%20Bakhtin" title=" Mikhail Bakhtin"> Mikhail Bakhtin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%28s%29%20of%20the%20narration" title=" time(s) of the narration"> time(s) of the narration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158672/revealing-corruption-through-strategic-narration-in-mandla-langas-memory-of-stones-2000" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Wave Interaction with Single and Twin Vertical and Sloped Porous Walls </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Alkhalidi">Mohamad Alkhalidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Neelamani"> S. Neelamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Alanjari"> Noor Alanjari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of harbors and marinas is to create a calm and safe docking space for marine vessels. Standard rubble mound breakwaters, although widely used, occupy port space and require large amounts of stones or rocks. Kuwait does not have good quality stone, so they are imported at a very high cost. Therefore, there is a need for a new wave energy dissipating structure where stones and rocks are scarce. While permeable slotted vertical walls have been proved to be a suitable alternative to rubble mound breakwaters, the introduction of sloped slotted walls may be more efficient in dissipating wave energy. For example, two slotted barriers with 60degree inclination may be equivalent to three vertical slotted barriers from wave energy dissipation point of view. A detailed physical model study is carried out to determine the effects of slope angle, porosity, and a number of walls on wave energy dissipation for a wide range of random and regular waves. The results of this study can be used to improve and optimize energy dissipation and reduce construction cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title="porosity">porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title=" slope"> slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20reflection" title=" wave reflection"> wave reflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20transmission" title=" wave transmission"> wave transmission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59353/wave-interaction-with-single-and-twin-vertical-and-sloped-porous-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">176</span> Preliminary Studies in the Determination of Deteriorations in Eflatunpınar Hitit Water Monument (Konya, Turkey) by Non-Destructive Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0smail%20%C4%B0nce">İsmail İnce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Bozdag"> Ali Bozdag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayla%20Bozdag"> Ayla Bozdag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bahad%C4%B1r%20Tosunlar"> M. Bahadır Tosunlar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ergun%20Hat%C4%B1r"> M. Ergun Hatır</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Korkanc"> Mustafa Korkanc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The building stones used in the construction of historical structures are exposed to atmospheric effects directly or indirectly. As a result of this process, building stones are partially or completely degraded. Historical buildings are important symbols of cultural heritage, so it is very significant to transfer to the future generations by protecting and repairing of these historical buildings. The Eflatunpınar Hitit Monument located near the Eflatunpınar cold water spring was constructed by using natural rock blocks during the Hittites Empire period. The monument has been protected without losing its function until today. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deteriorations in the Eflatunpınar Hitit Monument and to detect the water chemistry of the Eflatunpınar spring located around the Beysehir County in the west of Konya. For this purpose, the petrographic and mechanical properties of the rocks used in this monument were determined, and the deteriorations in the monument were determined with the aid of non-destructive test methods including Schmidt hardness value, relative humidity measurement, thermal imaging. Additionally, the physical (electrical conductivity (EC), pH and temperature) and chemical characteristics (major anions and cations) of the Eflatunpınar cold water spring have been detected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deteriorations" title="deteriorations">deteriorations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eflatunp%C4%B1nar%20Hitit%20monument" title=" Eflatunpınar Hitit monument"> Eflatunpınar Hitit monument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eflatunp%C4%B1nar%20spring" title=" Eflatunpınar spring"> Eflatunpınar spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konya" title=" Konya"> Konya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destruct%C4%B1ve%20tests" title=" non-destructıve tests"> non-destructıve tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87216/preliminary-studies-in-the-determination-of-deteriorations-in-eflatunpinar-hitit-water-monument-konya-turkey-by-non-destructive-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">175</span> Study for Utilization of Industrial Solid Waste, Generated by the Discharge of Casting Sand Agglomeration with Clay, Blast Furnace Slag and Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash in Concrete Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Sergio%20de%20Andrade%20Zago">Mario Sergio de Andrade Zago</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Mazariegos%20Pablos"> Javier Mazariegos Pablos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduvaldo%20Paulo%20Sichieri"> Eduvaldo Paulo Sichieri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research project accomplished a study on the technical feasibility of recycling industrial solid waste generated by the discharge of casting sand agglomeration with clay, blast furnace slag and sugar cane bagasse ash. For this, the plan proposed a methodology that initially establishes a process of solid waste encapsulation, by using solidification/stabilization technique on Portland cement matrices, in which the residuals act as small and large aggregates on the composition of concrete, and later it presents the possibility of using this concrete in the manufacture of concrete pieces (concrete blocks) for paving. The results obtained in this research achieved the objective set with great success, regarding the manufacturing of concrete pieces (blocks) for paving urban roads, whenever there is special vehicle traffic or demands capable of producing accentuated abrasion effects (surpassing the 50 MPa required by the regulation), which probes the technical practicability of using waste from sand casting agglomeration with clay and blast furnace slag used in this study, unlocking usage possibilities for construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20solid%20waste" title="industrial solid waste">industrial solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solidification%2Fstabilization" title=" solidification/stabilization"> solidification/stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Portland%20cement" title=" Portland cement"> Portland cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse" title=" reuse"> reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bagasse%20ash%20in%20the%20sugar%20cane" title=" bagasse ash in the sugar cane"> bagasse ash in the sugar cane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete "> concrete </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9546/study-for-utilization-of-industrial-solid-waste-generated-by-the-discharge-of-casting-sand-agglomeration-with-clay-blast-furnace-slag-and-sugar-cane-bagasse-ash-in-concrete-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> Factors Controlling Durability of Some Egyptian Non-Stylolitic Marbleized Limestone to Salt Weathering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20El%20Shayab">H. El Shayab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20M.%20Kamh"> G. M. Kamh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20G.%20Abdel%20Ghafour"> N. G. Abdel Ghafour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20L.%20Abdel%20Latif"> M. L. Abdel Latif </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, marbleized limestone becomes one of the most important sources of the mineral wealth in Egypt as they have beautiful colors (white, grey, rose, yellow and creamy, etc.) make it very suitable for decoration purposes. Non-styolitic marbleized limestone which not contains styolitic surfaces. The current study aims to study different factors controlling durability of non-styolitic marbleized limestone against salt crystallization weathering. The achievement aim of the research was required nine representative samples were collected from the studied areas. Three samples from each of the studied areas. The studied samples was characterized by various instrumental methods before salt weathering, to determine its mineralogical composition, chemical composition and pore physical properties respectively. The obtained results revealed that both of Duwi and Delga studied samples nearly have the same average ∆M% 1.63 and 1.51 respectively and consequently A.I. stage of deformation. On the other hand, average ∆M% of Wata studied samples is 0.29 i.e. lower than two other studied areas. Wata studied samples are more durable against salt crystallization test than Duwi and Delga. The difference in salt crystallization durability may be resulted from one of the following factors: Microscopic textural effect as both of micrite and skeletal percent are in directly proportional to durability of stones to salt weathering. Dolomite mineral present as a secondary are in indirectly proportional to durability of stones to salt weathering. Increase in MgO% also associated with decrease the durability of studied samples against salt crystallization test. Finally, all factors affecting positively against salt crystallization test presents in Wadi Wata studied samples rather than others two areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marbleized%20limestone" title="marbleized limestone">marbleized limestone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20weathering" title=" salt weathering"> salt weathering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wata" title=" Wata"> Wata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20weathering" title=" salt weathering"> salt weathering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11044/factors-controlling-durability-of-some-egyptian-non-stylolitic-marbleized-limestone-to-salt-weathering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span 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