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Versamat - Wikipedia

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data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Versamat" title="Special:EditPage/Versamat">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Versamat%22">"Versamat"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Versamat%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Versamat%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Versamat%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Versamat%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Versamat%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Versamat</b> is a Kodak trade name for their automated <a href="/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">film processing</a> units, for both with versions for black and white as well as color-capable. </p><p>First and foremost, Versamats were designed for short roll/single photo developing. Many places, however, have used it for long roll film; it can handle film up to approx. 12 inches wide. With long rolls, however, there are a lot of problems because the film passes over many rollers. Most long roll film processors, on the other hand, use one roller at the top and bottom of each tank, which means that the film contacts only a few of them for the entire run. </p><p>The Versamat has multiple uses and possible processing styles. </p><p>For instance, the Versamat 1140 has 7 tanks, each with a full rack in it. The film goes in the supply side, and follows the racks up and down through the tanks to be processed. </p><p>Most Versamats use <a href="/wiki/Photographic_developer" title="Photographic developer">developer</a>, followed by a <a href="/wiki/Stop_bath" title="Stop bath">stop bath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photographic_fixer" title="Photographic fixer">fix</a>, water wash, and finally conditioner. Some variations don't require the stop bath. </p><p>The Versamat also has control over the height of the liquid/chemical, as well as speed of the film, to determine how long it is in each solution. Usual speeds are 25-35 fpm, with a developer temp of 90&#160;F–95&#160;F and a drybox temp of 128–135&#160;F </p><p>Put simply, the developer converts the latent image to a visible one, fix stops the development, water washes off the fix, and conditioner helps to restore the hardness of the emulsion. </p><p>Finally, the film goes through the dry box to remove volatile chemicals and to dry it. 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DC_Series" title="Kodak DC Series">DC series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DC215" title="Kodak DC215">DC215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DC3200" title="Kodak DC3200">DC3200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS" title="Kodak DCS">DCS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nikon_F_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikon F mount">NF</a>/<a href="/wiki/Canon_EF_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon EF mount">EF</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">DSLR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_100" title="Kodak DCS 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_300_series" title="Kodak DCS 300 series">300 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_400_series" title="Kodak DCS 400 series">400 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_D2000" title="Canon EOS D2000">D2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_D6000" title="Canon EOS D6000">D6000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_DCS_1" title="Canon EOS DCS 1">DCS 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_DCS_3" title="Canon EOS DCS 3">DCS 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_Pro_14n" title="Kodak DCS Pro 14n">Pro 14n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_Pro_SLR/c" title="Kodak DCS Pro SLR/c">Pro SLR/c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DCS_Pro_SLR/n" title="Kodak DCS Pro SLR/n">Pro SLR/n</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare" title="Kodak EasyShare">EasyShare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Easyshare_C1013" title="Kodak Easyshare C1013">C1013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C300" title="Kodak EasyShare C300">C300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C330" title="Kodak EasyShare C330">C330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C340" title="Kodak EasyShare C340">C340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_C613" title="Kodak EasyShare C613">C613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Easyshare_C813" title="Kodak Easyshare C813">C813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_CX4200" title="Kodak EasyShare CX4200">CX4200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_CX4230" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodak EasyShare CX4230">CX4230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_DX4530" title="Kodak EasyShare DX4530">DX4530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_DX6440" title="Kodak EasyShare DX6440">DX6440</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_DX6490" title="Kodak EasyShare DX6490">DX6490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_DX7590_Zoom_Digital_Camera" title="Kodak DX7590 Zoom Digital Camera">DX7590</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_P880" title="Kodak EasyShare P880">P880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_EasyShare_V570" title="Kodak EasyShare V570">V570</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Pixpro" title="Kodak Pixpro">Pixpro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Z612_Zoom_Digital_Camera" title="Kodak Z612 Zoom Digital Camera">Z612 Zoom Digital Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Z712_IS_ZOOM_digital_camera" title="Kodak Z712 IS ZOOM digital camera">Z712 IS ZOOM digital camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9-Kodak" title="Ciné-Kodak">Ciné-Kodak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Cine_Special_16mm_Cameras" title="Kodak Cine Special 16mm Cameras">Cine Special 16mm Cameras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rangefinder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Retina" title="Kodak Retina">Retina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Retinette" title="Kodak Retinette">Retinette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_35" title="Kodak 35">Kodak 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_35_Rangefinder" title="Kodak 35 Rangefinder">Kodak 35 RF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Signet" title="Kodak Signet">Signet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ektra" title="Kodak Ektra">Ektra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reflex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Retina_Reflex" title="Kodak Retina Reflex">Retina Reflex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brownie_(camera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownie (camera)">Brownie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instamatic" title="Instamatic">Instamatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Pony" title="Kodak Pony">Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Starflash" title="Kodak Starflash">Starflash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Stereo_Camera" title="Kodak Stereo Camera">Stereo Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vest_Pocket_Kodak" title="Vest Pocket Kodak">Vest Pocket Kodak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Vigilant_camera" title="Kodak Vigilant camera">Vigilant camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Camera film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/120_film" title="120 film">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/127_film" title="127 film">127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/616_film" title="616 film">616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/828_film" title="828 film">828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Photo_System" title="Advanced Photo System">APS (IX240)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_film" title="Disc film">Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_8_film" title="Super 8 film">Super 8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">Color reversal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ektachrome" title="Ektachrome">Ektachrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodachrome" title="Kodachrome">Kodachrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color print</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastmancolor" title="Eastmancolor">Eastmancolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektar" title="Ektar">Ektar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodacolor_(filmmaking)" title="Kodacolor (filmmaking)">Kodacolor (filmmaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodacolor_(still_photography)" title="Kodacolor (still photography)">Kodacolor (still photography)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Portra" title="Kodak Portra">Portra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B&amp;W</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_High-Speed_Infrared" title="Kodak High-Speed Infrared">High-Speed Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_T-MAX" title="Kodak T-MAX">T-MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Tri-X" title="Kodak Tri-X">Tri-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Pan" title="Technical Pan">Technical Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approval_proofer" title="Approval proofer">Approval proofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autographic_film" title="Autographic film">Autographic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carousel_slide_projector" title="Carousel slide projector">Carousel slide projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Digital_Sound" title="Cinema Digital Sound">Cinema Digital Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineon" title="Cineon">Cineon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorama_(Kodak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorama (Kodak)">Colorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ektaprint_Electronic_Publishing_System" title="Kodak Ektaprint Electronic Publishing System">Ektaprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ektra_(phone)" title="Kodak Ektra (phone)">Ektra (phone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Gallery" title="Kodak Gallery">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAF-10500" class="mw-redirect" title="KAF-10500">KAF-10500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keykode" title="Keykode">Keykode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodacolor_Technology" title="Kodacolor Technology">Kodacolor Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodascope" title="Kodascope">Kodascope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPR" title="KPR">KPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_Zine" title="Motorola Zine">Motorola Zine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picture_CD" title="Picture CD">Picture CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Proofing_Software" title="Kodak Proofing Software">Proofing Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_S-mount" title="Kodak S-mount">S-mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starmatic" title="Starmatic">Starmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Ultima" title="Kodak Ultima">Ultima</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Versamat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Changing_Focus" title="Changing Focus">Changing Focus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brownies" title="The Brownies">The Brownies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical <br />standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DX_encoding" title="DX encoding">DX encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Thirds_system" title="Four Thirds system">Four Thirds system</a> (<a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds_system" title="Micro Four Thirds system">Micro Four Thirds</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wratten_number" title="Wratten number">Wratten number</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colby_Chandler_(CEO)" title="Colby Chandler (CEO)">Colby Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eastman" title="George Eastman">George Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Godowsky_Jr." title="Leopold Godowsky Jr.">Leopold Godowsky Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Hargrave" title="Thomas J. Hargrave">Thomas J. Hargrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mannes" title="Leopold Mannes">Leopold Mannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Mees" title="Kenneth Mees">Kenneth Mees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Sasson" title="Steven Sasson">Steven Sasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Strong" title="Henry A. Strong">Henry A. Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Vaughn" title="William S. Vaughn">William S. Vaughn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Business_Park" title="Eastman Business Park">Eastman Business Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Heights" title="Kodak Heights">Kodak Heights</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kodak_Building_9" title="Kodak Building 9">Building 9</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Park_Railroad" title="Kodak Park Railroad">Kodak Park Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Photo_Spot" title="Kodak Photo Spot">Kodak Photo Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Picture_Kiosk" title="Kodak Picture Kiosk">Kodak Picture Kiosk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak,_Tennessee" title="Kodak, Tennessee">Kodak, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Tower" title="Kodak Tower">Kodak Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Court cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak_Co_v._Harold_Worden" title="Eastman Kodak Co v. Harold Worden">Kodak v. Worden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak_Co._v._Image_Technical_Services,_Inc." title="Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc.">Kodak v. Image Technical Services</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vroegh_v._Eastman_Kodak_Co." title="Vroegh v. Eastman Kodak Co.">Vroegh v. Kodak</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-22_process" title="C-22 process">C-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RA-4_process" title="RA-4 process">RA-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Color_Negative" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Color Negative">Eastman Color Negative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Color_Positive" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Color Positive">Eastman Color Positive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Kodak_Workers" title="Union of Kodak Workers">Union of Kodak Workers</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Press_the_Button,_We_Do_the_Rest" title="You Press the Button, We Do the Rest">You Press the Button, We Do the Rest</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kodak_sponsorships" title="Category:Kodak sponsorships">Sponsorships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_128_camera_SVG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Crystal_128_camera_SVG.svg/35px-Crystal_128_camera_SVG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Crystal_128_camera_SVG.svg/53px-Crystal_128_camera_SVG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Crystal_128_camera_SVG.svg/70px-Crystal_128_camera_SVG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This photography-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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