CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>    <html lang="en-GB" class="no-js">  <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EDGE" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/xmlrpc.php" />   <script>(function(html){html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);</script> <title>Finnish Physical Society – Suomen Fyysikkoseura – Finlands Fysikerförening</title> <style type="text/css"> .fts-twitter-div { max-width: 60% !important; } .fts-twitter-link-image { max-width: 35% !important; display: block; } </style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title=" » Feed" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title=" » Comments Feed" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.fyysikkoseura.fi\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.2.21"}}; !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);e=i.toDataURL();return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(!p||!p.fillText)return!1;switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])?!1:!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([55357,56424,55356,57342,8205,55358,56605,8205,55357,56424,55356,57340],[55357,56424,55356,57342,8203,55358,56605,8203,55357,56424,55356,57340])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(n=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(n.concatemoji):n.wpemoji&&n.twemoji&&(c(n.twemoji),c(n.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 .07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='czr-gfonts-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Bitter:400%7CSource+Sans+Pro' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='customizr-fa-css' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/themes/customizr/assets/shared/fonts/fa/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?ver=4.1.41' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.2.21' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ctf_styles-css' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds/css/ctf-styles.min.css?ver=2.1.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fts-feeds-css' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/feed-them-social/feeds/css/styles.css?ver=2.7.2' type='text/css' media='' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='collapscore-css-css' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/jquery-collapse-o-matic/css/core_style.css?ver=1.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='collapseomatic-css-css' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/jquery-collapse-o-matic/css/light_style.css?ver=1.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sek-base-light-css' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/nimble-builder/assets/front/css/sek-base-light.min.css?ver=3.3.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='customizr-main-css' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/themes/customizr/assets/front/css/style.min.css?ver=4.1.41' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='customizr-main-inline-css' type='text/css'> ::-moz-selection{background-color:#4a63a9}::selection{background-color:#4a63a9}a,.btn-skin:active,.btn-skin:focus,.btn-skin:hover,.btn-skin.inverted,.grid-container__classic .post-type__icon,.post-type__icon:hover .icn-format,.grid-container__classic .post-type__icon:hover .icn-format,[class*='grid-container__'] .entry-title a.czr-title:hover,input[type=checkbox]:checked::before{color:#4a63a9}.czr-css-loader > div ,.btn-skin,.btn-skin:active,.btn-skin:focus,.btn-skin:hover,.btn-skin-h-dark,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted:active,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted:hover{border-color:#4a63a9}.tc-header.border-top{border-top-color:#4a63a9}[class*='grid-container__'] .entry-title a:hover::after,.grid-container__classic .post-type__icon,.btn-skin,.btn-skin.inverted:active,.btn-skin.inverted:focus,.btn-skin.inverted:hover,.btn-skin-h-dark,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted:active,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted:hover,.sidebar .widget-title::after,input[type=radio]:checked::before{background-color:#4a63a9}.btn-skin-light:active,.btn-skin-light:focus,.btn-skin-light:hover,.btn-skin-light.inverted{color:#7b8ec5}input:not([type='submit']):not([type='button']):not([type='number']):not([type='checkbox']):not([type='radio']):focus,textarea:focus,.btn-skin-light,.btn-skin-light.inverted,.btn-skin-light:active,.btn-skin-light:focus,.btn-skin-light:hover,.btn-skin-light.inverted:active,.btn-skin-light.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-light.inverted:hover{border-color:#7b8ec5}.btn-skin-light,.btn-skin-light.inverted:active,.btn-skin-light.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-light.inverted:hover{background-color:#7b8ec5}.btn-skin-lightest:active,.btn-skin-lightest:focus,.btn-skin-lightest:hover,.btn-skin-lightest.inverted{color:#8c9dcd}.btn-skin-lightest,.btn-skin-lightest.inverted,.btn-skin-lightest:active,.btn-skin-lightest:focus,.btn-skin-lightest:hover,.btn-skin-lightest.inverted:active,.btn-skin-lightest.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-lightest.inverted:hover{border-color:#8c9dcd}.btn-skin-lightest,.btn-skin-lightest.inverted:active,.btn-skin-lightest.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-lightest.inverted:hover{background-color:#8c9dcd}.pagination,a:hover,a:focus,a:active,.btn-skin-dark:active,.btn-skin-dark:focus,.btn-skin-dark:hover,.btn-skin-dark.inverted,.btn-skin-dark-oh:active,.btn-skin-dark-oh:focus,.btn-skin-dark-oh:hover,.post-info a:not(.btn):hover,.grid-container__classic .post-type__icon .icn-format,[class*='grid-container__'] .hover .entry-title a,.widget-area a:not(.btn):hover,a.czr-format-link:hover,.format-link.hover a.czr-format-link,button[type=submit]:hover,button[type=submit]:active,button[type=submit]:focus,input[type=submit]:hover,input[type=submit]:active,input[type=submit]:focus,.tabs .nav-link:hover,.tabs .nav-link.active,.tabs .nav-link.active:hover,.tabs .nav-link.active:focus{color:#374a7e}.grid-container__classic.tc-grid-border .grid__item,.btn-skin-dark,.btn-skin-dark.inverted,button[type=submit],input[type=submit],.btn-skin-dark:active,.btn-skin-dark:focus,.btn-skin-dark:hover,.btn-skin-dark.inverted:active,.btn-skin-dark.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-dark.inverted:hover,.btn-skin-h-dark:active,.btn-skin-h-dark:focus,.btn-skin-h-dark:hover,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted,.btn-skin-dark-oh:active,.btn-skin-dark-oh:focus,.btn-skin-dark-oh:hover,.btn-skin-dark-oh.inverted:active,.btn-skin-dark-oh.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-dark-oh.inverted:hover,button[type=submit]:hover,button[type=submit]:active,button[type=submit]:focus,input[type=submit]:hover,input[type=submit]:active,input[type=submit]:focus{border-color:#374a7e}.btn-skin-dark,.btn-skin-dark.inverted:active,.btn-skin-dark.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-dark.inverted:hover,.btn-skin-h-dark:active,.btn-skin-h-dark:focus,.btn-skin-h-dark:hover,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted,.btn-skin-h-dark.inverted,.btn-skin-dark-oh.inverted:active,.btn-skin-dark-oh.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-dark-oh.inverted:hover,.grid-container__classic .post-type__icon:hover,button[type=submit],input[type=submit],.czr-link-hover-underline .widgets-list-layout-links a:not(.btn)::before,.czr-link-hover-underline .widget_archive a:not(.btn)::before,.czr-link-hover-underline .widget_nav_menu a:not(.btn)::before,.czr-link-hover-underline .widget_rss ul a:not(.btn)::before,.czr-link-hover-underline .widget_recent_entries a:not(.btn)::before,.czr-link-hover-underline .widget_categories a:not(.btn)::before,.czr-link-hover-underline .widget_meta a:not(.btn)::before,.czr-link-hover-underline .widget_recent_comments a:not(.btn)::before,.czr-link-hover-underline .widget_pages a:not(.btn)::before,.czr-link-hover-underline .widget_calendar a:not(.btn)::before,[class*='grid-container__'] .hover .entry-title a::after,a.czr-format-link::before,.comment-author a::before,.comment-link::before,.tabs .nav-link.active::before{background-color:#374a7e}.btn-skin-dark-shaded:active,.btn-skin-dark-shaded:focus,.btn-skin-dark-shaded:hover,.btn-skin-dark-shaded.inverted{background-color:rgba(55,74,126,0.2)}.btn-skin-dark-shaded,.btn-skin-dark-shaded.inverted:active,.btn-skin-dark-shaded.inverted:focus,.btn-skin-dark-shaded.inverted:hover{background-color:rgba(55,74,126,0.8)}@media (min-width: 576px){ .czr-boxed-layout .container{ padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; } }@media (min-width: 576px){ .czr-boxed-layout .container{ width: 570px } }@media (min-width: 768px){ .czr-boxed-layout .container{ width: 750px } }@media (min-width: 992px){ .czr-boxed-layout .container{ width: 990px } }@media (min-width: 1200px){ .czr-boxed-layout .container{ width: 1170px } }.navbar-brand,.header-tagline,h1,h2,h3,.tc-dropcap { font-family : 'Bitter';font-weight : 400; } body { font-family : 'Source Sans Pro'; } .tc-header.border-top { border-top-width: 5px; border-top-style: solid } .no-csstransforms3d .czr-slider-loader-wrapper .czr-img-gif-loader { background: url('https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/themes/customizr/assets/front/img/slider-loader.gif') no-repeat center center; } #customizr-slider-main_slider.czr-carousel { height:500px; } #customizr-slider-main_slider .czr-slider-loader-wrapper { line-height: 500px; height:500px; } @media (max-width: 1199px) { #customizr-slider-main_slider.czr-carousel { height:385px; } #customizr-slider-main_slider .czr-slider-loader-wrapper { line-height: 385px; height:385px; } } @media (max-width: 991px) { #customizr-slider-main_slider.czr-carousel { height:309px; } #customizr-slider-main_slider .czr-slider-loader-wrapper { line-height: 309px; height:309px; } } @media (max-width: 767px) { #customizr-slider-main_slider.czr-carousel { height:250px; } #customizr-slider-main_slider .czr-slider-loader-wrapper { line-height: 250px; height:250px; } } @media (max-width: 575px) { #customizr-slider-main_slider.czr-carousel { height:190px; } #customizr-slider-main_slider .czr-slider-loader-wrapper { line-height: 190px; height:190px; } } @media (max-width: 320px) { #customizr-slider-main_slider.czr-carousel { height:140px; } #customizr-slider-main_slider .czr-slider-loader-wrapper { line-height: 140px; height:140px; } } #czr-push-footer { display: none; visibility: hidden; } .czr-sticky-footer #czr-push-footer.sticky-footer-enabled { display: block; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sek-dyn-skp__post_page_111-css' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/nimble_css/skp__post_page_111.css?ver=1731587128' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sekFrontLocalized = {"isDevMode":"","isCustomizing":"","frontNonce":{"id":"SEKFrontNonce","handle":"f03b84bb78"},"skope_id":"skp__post_page_111","recaptcha_public_key":"","lazyload_enabled":"1","video_bg_lazyload_enabled":"1","load_front_assets_on_dynamically":"","assetVersion":"3.3.3","frontAssetsPath":"https:\/\/www.fyysikkoseura.fi\/wp-content\/plugins\/nimble-builder\/assets\/front\/","contextuallyActiveModules":{"czr_heading_module":["__nimble__3a75c403899d","__nimble__0acee4e654bd"],"czr_post_grid_module":["__nimble__d9cd47437d41","__nimble__4beb60e895cf"]},"fontAwesomeAlreadyEnqueued":"1","partialFrontScripts":{"slider-module":"nb-needs-swiper","menu-module":"nb-needs-menu-js","front-parallax":"nb-needs-parallax","accordion-module":"nb-needs-accordion"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript'> window.nb_={},function(e,t){if(window.nb_={isArray:function(e){return Array.isArray(e)||"[object Array]"===toString.call(e)},inArray:function(e,t){return!(!nb_.isArray(e)||nb_.isUndefined(t))&&e.indexOf(t)>-1},isUndefined:function(e){return void 0===e},isObject:function(e){var t=typeof e;return"function"===t||"object"===t&&!!e},errorLog:function(){nb_.isUndefined(console)||"function"!=typeof window.console.log||console.log.apply(console,arguments)},hasPreloadSupport:function(e){var t=document.createElement("link").relList;return!(!t||!t.supports)&&t.supports("preload")},listenTo:function(e,t){nb_.eventsListenedTo.push(e);var n={"nb-jquery-loaded":function(){return"undefined"!=typeof jQuery},"nb-app-ready":function(){return void 0!==window.nb_&&nb_.wasListenedTo("nb-jquery-loaded")},"nb-swipebox-parsed":function(){return"undefined"!=typeof jQuery&&void 0!==jQuery.fn.swipebox},"nb-main-swiper-parsed":function(){return void 0!==window.Swiper}},o=function(o){nb_.isUndefined(n[e])||!1!==n[e]()?t():nb_.errorLog("Nimble error => an event callback could not be fired because conditions not met => ",e,nb_.eventsListenedTo,t)};"function"==typeof t?nb_.wasEmitted(e)?o():document.addEventListener(e,o):nb_.errorLog("Nimble error => listenTo func param is not a function for event => ",e)},eventsEmitted:[],eventsListenedTo:[],emit:function(e,t){if(!(nb_.isUndefined(t)||t.fire_once)||!nb_.wasEmitted(e)){var n=document.createEvent("Event");n.initEvent(e,!0,!0),document.dispatchEvent(n),nb_.eventsEmitted.push(e)}},wasListenedTo:function(e){return"string"==typeof e&&nb_.inArray(nb_.eventsListenedTo,e)},wasEmitted:function(e){return"string"==typeof e&&nb_.inArray(nb_.eventsEmitted,e)},isInScreen:function(e){if(!nb_.isObject(e))return!1;var t=e.getBoundingClientRect(),n=Math.max(document.documentElement.clientHeight,window.innerHeight);return!(t.bottom<0||t.top-n>=0)},isCustomizing:function(){return!1},isLazyLoadEnabled:function(){return!nb_.isCustomizing()&&!1},preloadOrDeferAsset:function(e){if(e=e||{},nb_.preloadedAssets=nb_.preloadedAssets||[],!nb_.inArray(nb_.preloadedAssets,e.id)){var t,n=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],o=function(){if("style"===e.as)this.setAttribute("rel","stylesheet"),this.setAttribute("type","text/css"),this.setAttribute("media","all");else{var t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src",e.href),t.setAttribute("id",e.id),"script"===e.as&&t.setAttribute("defer","defer"),n.appendChild(t),i.call(this)}e.eventOnLoad&&nb_.emit(e.eventOnLoad)},i=function(){if(this&&this.parentNode&&this.parentNode.contains(this))try{this.parentNode.removeChild(this)}catch(e){nb_.errorLog("NB error when removing a script el",el)}};("font"!==e.as||nb_.hasPreloadSupport())&&(t=document.createElement("link"),"script"===e.as?e.onEvent?nb_.listenTo(e.onEvent,function(){o.call(t)}):o.call(t):(t.setAttribute("href",e.href),"style"===e.as?t.setAttribute("rel",nb_.hasPreloadSupport()?"preload":"stylesheet"):"font"===e.as&&nb_.hasPreloadSupport()&&t.setAttribute("rel","preload"),t.setAttribute("id",e.id),t.setAttribute("as",e.as),"font"===e.as&&(t.setAttribute("type",e.type),t.setAttribute("crossorigin","anonymous")),t.onload=function(){this.onload=null,"font"!==e.as?e.onEvent?nb_.listenTo(e.onEvent,function(){o.call(t)}):o.call(t):e.eventOnLoad&&nb_.emit(e.eventOnLoad)},t.onerror=function(t){nb_.errorLog("Nimble preloadOrDeferAsset error",t,e)}),n.appendChild(t),nb_.preloadedAssets.push(e.id),i.call(e.scriptEl))}},mayBeRevealBG:function(){this.getAttribute("data-sek-src")&&(this.setAttribute("style",'background-image:url("'+this.getAttribute("data-sek-src")+'")'),this.className+=" sek-lazy-loaded",this.querySelectorAll(".sek-css-loader").forEach(function(e){nb_.isObject(e)&&e.parentNode.removeChild(e)}))}},window.NodeList&&!NodeList.prototype.forEach&&(NodeList.prototype.forEach=function(e,t){t=t||window;for(var n=0;n<this.length;n++)e.call(t,this[n],n,this)}),nb_.listenTo("nb-docready",function(){var e=document.querySelectorAll("div.sek-has-bg");!nb_.isObject(e)||e.length<1||e.forEach(function(e){nb_.isObject(e)&&(window.sekFrontLocalized&&window.sekFrontLocalized.lazyload_enabled?nb_.isInScreen(e)&&nb_.mayBeRevealBG.call(e):nb_.mayBeRevealBG.call(e))})}),"complete"===document.readyState||"loading"!==document.readyState&&!document.documentElement.doScroll)nb_.emit("nb-docready");else{var n=function(){nb_.wasEmitted("nb-docready")||nb_.emit("nb-docready")};document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n),window.addEventListener("load",n)}}(window,document),function(){var e=function(){var e="nb-jquery-loaded";nb_.wasEmitted(e)||nb_.emit(e)},t=function(n){n=n||0,void 0!==window.jQuery?e():n<30?setTimeout(function(){t(++n)},200):window.console&&window.console.log&&console.log("Nimble Builder problem : jQuery.js was not detected on your website")},n=document.getElementById("nb-jquery");n&&n.addEventListener("load",function(){e()}),t()}(),window,document,nb_.listenTo("nb-jquery-loaded",function(){sekFrontLocalized.load_front_assets_on_dynamically&&(nb_.scriptsLoadingStatus={},nb_.ajaxLoadScript=function(e){jQuery(function(t){e=t.extend({path:"",complete:"",loadcheck:!1},e),nb_.scriptsLoadingStatus[e.path]&&"pending"===nb_.scriptsLoadingStatus[e.path].state()||(nb_.scriptsLoadingStatus[e.path]=nb_.scriptsLoadingStatus[e.path]||t.Deferred(),jQuery.ajax({url:sekFrontLocalized.frontAssetsPath+e.path+"?"+sekFrontLocalized.assetVersion,cache:!0,dataType:"script"}).done(function(){"function"!=typeof e.loadcheck||e.loadcheck()?"function"==typeof e.complete&&e.complete():nb_.errorLog("ajaxLoadScript success but loadcheck failed for => "+e.path)}).fail(function(){nb_.errorLog("ajaxLoadScript failed for => "+e.path)}))})})}),nb_.listenTo("nb-jquery-loaded",function(){jQuery(function(e){sekFrontLocalized.load_front_assets_on_dynamically&&(nb_.ajaxLoadScript({path:sekFrontLocalized.isDevMode?"js/ccat-nimble-front.js":"js/ccat-nimble-front.min.js"}),e.each(sekFrontLocalized.partialFrontScripts,function(e,t){nb_.listenTo(t,function(){nb_.ajaxLoadScript({path:sekFrontLocalized.isDevMode?"js/partials/"+e+".js":"js/partials/"+e+".min.js"})})}))})}); </script> <script type='text/javascript' id="nb-jquery" src='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.12.4-wp'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.4.1'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/feed-them-social/feeds/js/powered-by.js?ver=2.7.2'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/feed-them-social/feeds/js/fts-global.js?ver=2.7.2'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/themes/customizr/assets/front/js/libs/modernizr.min.js?ver=4.1.41'></script> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var CZRParams = {"assetsPath":"https:\/\/www.fyysikkoseura.fi\/wp-content\/themes\/customizr\/assets\/front\/","_disabled":[],"centerSliderImg":"1","isLightBoxEnabled":"1","SmoothScroll":{"Enabled":true,"Options":{"touchpadSupport":false}},"isAnchorScrollEnabled":"","anchorSmoothScrollExclude":{"simple":["[class*=edd]",".carousel-control","[data-toggle=\"modal\"]","[data-toggle=\"dropdown\"]","[data-toggle=\"czr-dropdown\"]","[data-toggle=\"tooltip\"]","[data-toggle=\"popover\"]","[data-toggle=\"collapse\"]","[data-toggle=\"czr-collapse\"]","[data-toggle=\"tab\"]","[data-toggle=\"pill\"]","[data-toggle=\"czr-pill\"]","[class*=upme]","[class*=um-]"],"deep":{"classes":[],"ids":[]}},"timerOnScrollAllBrowsers":"1","centerAllImg":"1","HasComments":"","LoadModernizr":"1","stickyHeader":"","extLinksStyle":"","extLinksTargetExt":"","extLinksSkipSelectors":{"classes":["btn","button"],"ids":[]},"dropcapEnabled":"","dropcapWhere":{"post":"","page":""},"dropcapMinWords":"","dropcapSkipSelectors":{"tags":["IMG","IFRAME","H1","H2","H3","H4","H5","H6","BLOCKQUOTE","UL","OL"],"classes":["btn"],"id":[]},"imgSmartLoadEnabled":"","imgSmartLoadOpts":{"parentSelectors":["[class*=grid-container], .article-container",".__before_main_wrapper",".widget-front",".post-related-articles",".tc-singular-thumbnail-wrapper"],"opts":{"excludeImg":[".tc-holder-img"]}},"imgSmartLoadsForSliders":"1","pluginCompats":[],"isWPMobile":"","menuStickyUserSettings":{"desktop":"stick_always","mobile":"stick_up"},"adminAjaxUrl":"https:\/\/www.fyysikkoseura.fi\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/www.fyysikkoseura.fi\/language\/en\/?czrajax=1","frontNonce":{"id":"CZRFrontNonce","handle":"b7ed84eb93"},"isDevMode":"","isModernStyle":"1","i18n":{"Permanently dismiss":"Permanently dismiss"},"frontNotifications":{"welcome":{"enabled":false,"content":"","dismissAction":"dismiss_welcome_note_front"}}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/themes/customizr/assets/front/js/tc-scripts.min.js?ver=4.1.41'></script> <link rel='https://api.w.org/' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-json/' /> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 5.2.21" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fyysikkoseura.fi%2Flanguage%2Fen%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fyysikkoseura.fi%2Flanguage%2Fen%2F&format=xml" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Finnish Physical Society" /> <meta property="og:description" content="" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelu.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="" /> <meta itemscope itemtype="article" /> <meta itemprop="description" content="" /> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelu.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Finnish Physical Society" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/fi/" hreflang="fi" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/" hreflang="x-default" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-SFS_square-2-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-SFS_square-2-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-SFS_square-2-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-SFS_square-2-270x270.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .footer-skin-light .footer__wrapper { background: rgba(250,200,188,0.44); } .footer__wrapper { font-size: 110%; } .header-skin-light .header-tagline { color: #4b63a9; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1em; } </style> </head> <body class="nb-3-3-3 nimble-has-local-data-skp__post_page_111 nimble-no-group-site-tmpl-skp__all_page home page-template-default page page-id-111 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive sek-hide-rc-badge czr-link-hover-underline header-skin-light footer-skin-light czr-no-sidebar tc-center-images czr-boxed-layout czr-sticky-footer elementor-default"> <div id="tc-page-wrap" class="container czr-boxed"> <header class="tpnav-header__header tc-header sl-logo_left sticky-brand-shrink-on sticky-transparent border-top czr-submenu-fade czr-submenu-move czr-highlight-contextual-menu-items" role="banner" > <div class="topbar-navbar__wrapper " > <div class="container"> <div class="row flex-row flex-lg-nowrap justify-content-start justify-content-lg-end align-items-center topbar-navbar__row"> <span class="header-tagline col col-auto d-none d-lg-flex" > Finnish Physical Society – Suomen Fyysikkoseura – Finlands Fysikerförening</span> <div class="topbar-nav__socials social-links col col-auto "> <ul class="socials " > <li ><a rel="nofollow" class="social-icon icon-facebook-f (alias)" title="Fyysikkoseura Facebookissa" aria-label="Fyysikkoseura Facebookissa" href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/1538591283038410/" target="_blank" style="color:#4b63a9"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f (alias)"></i></a></li> <li ><a rel="nofollow" class="social-icon icon-twitter" title="Follow us on Twitter" aria-label="Follow us on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/fyysikkoseura" target="_blank" style="color:#4b63a9"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="primary-navbar__wrapper d-none d-lg-block has-horizontal-menu desktop-sticky" > <div class="container"> <div class="row align-items-center flex-row primary-navbar__row"> <div class="branding__container col col-auto" > <div class="branding align-items-center flex-column "> <div class="branding-row d-flex align-self-start flex-row align-items-center"> <div class="navbar-brand col-auto " > <a class="navbar-brand-sitelogo" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/" aria-label=" | Finnish Physical Society – Suomen Fyysikkoseura – Finlands Fysikerförening" > <img src="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/SFS.png" alt="Back home" class="" width="3024" height="567" style="max-width:250px;max-height:100px" data-no-retina> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="primary-nav__container justify-content-lg-around col col-lg-auto flex-lg-column" > <div class="primary-nav__wrapper flex-lg-row align-items-center justify-content-end"> <nav class="primary-nav__nav col" id="primary-nav"> <div class="nav__menu-wrapper primary-nav__menu-wrapper justify-content-start czr-open-on-hover" > <ul id="main-menu" class="primary-nav__menu regular-nav nav__menu nav"><li id="menu-item-668" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown menu-item-668"><a data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">About us</span><span class="caret__dropdown-toggler"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li id="menu-item-690" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-690"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">About us</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-669"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/board/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Board</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-670"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/iupap/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Finnish National Committee of IUPAP</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-671"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/eps/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">European Physical Society</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-908" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown-submenu dropdown-item menu-item-908"><a data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Divisions & Working Groups</span><span class="caret__dropdown-toggler"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2831" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-2831"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/astronomy-and-space-physics-division/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Astronomy and Space Physics division</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2808" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown-submenu dropdown-item menu-item-2808"><a data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/diversity-in-physics-finland-findip/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Diversity in Physics, Finland (FinDiP)</span><span class="caret__dropdown-toggler"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2823" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-2823"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/diversity-in-physics-finland-findip/findip-events/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">FinDiP Events</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2826" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-2826"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/diversity-in-physics-finland-findip/archive/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">FinDiP: Useful material and links</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-684" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-684"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/fym/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Finnish Young Minds</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1528" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-1528"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/links/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Physics Research in Finland</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-847" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropdown-item menu-item-847"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/category/news/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">News</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-848" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropdown-item menu-item-848"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/category/blog/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Blog</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-689" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-689"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/contact/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Contact</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-672" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown menu-item-672"><a data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Activity</span><span class="caret__dropdown-toggler"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li id="menu-item-673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-673"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/physics-days/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Physics Days</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-674"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/historian-suuret-fyysikot/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Greatest Physicists in History</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-675"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/70-year-anniversary/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">70 year anniversary</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-3055" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-3055"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/nobel-lectures-2/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Nobel lectures</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-677"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/other-activities/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Other activities</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1082" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown menu-item-1082"><a data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/apply/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Members</span><span class="caret__dropdown-toggler"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li id="menu-item-679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-679"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/apply/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Apply</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-680"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/member-benefits/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Member benefits</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-681"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/fellows/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Honorary and fellow members</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-682" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-682"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/sponsoring-members/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Sponsoring members</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-691" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-691"><a href="http://www.arkhimedes.fi/english.html" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Arkhimedes</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown menu-item-1083"><a data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/grants-prizes/grants/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Grants & prizes</span><span class="caret__dropdown-toggler"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li id="menu-item-686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-686"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/grants-prizes/grants/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">FPS Grants</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-687" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-687"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/grants-prizes/master-thesis-prize/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">FPS Master’s Thesis Prize</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-688" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-688"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/grants-prizes/physics-days-presentation-prize/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Physics Days Presentation Prize</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-716-fi" class="lang-item lang-item-8 lang-item-fi menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-716-fi"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/fi/" hreflang="fi" lang="fi" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">FI</span></a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-navbar__wrapper d-lg-none mobile-sticky" > <div class="branding__container justify-content-between align-items-center container" > <div class="branding flex-column"> <div class="branding-row d-flex align-self-start flex-row align-items-center"> <div class="navbar-brand col-auto " > <a class="navbar-brand-sitelogo" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/" aria-label=" | Finnish Physical Society – Suomen Fyysikkoseura – Finlands Fysikerförening" > <img src="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/SFS.png" alt="Back home" class="" width="3024" height="567" style="max-width:250px;max-height:100px" data-no-retina> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-utils__wrapper nav__utils regular-nav"> <ul class="nav utils row flex-row flex-nowrap"> <li class="nav__search " > <a href="#" class="search-toggle_btn icn-search czr-dropdown" data-aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Search</span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li class="header-search__container container"> <div class="search-form__container " > <form action="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/" method="get" class="czr-form search-form"> <div class="form-group czr-focus"> <label for="s-674709caccbba" id="lsearch-674709caccbba"><span>Search</span><i class="icn-search"></i><i class="icn-close"></i></label> <input id="s-674709caccbba" class="form-control czr-search-field" name="s" type="text" value="" aria-describedby="lsearch-674709caccbba" title="Search …"> </div> </form> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="hamburger-toggler__container " > <a href="#" class="ham-toggler-menu czr-collapsed" data-toggle="czr-collapse" data-target="#mobile-nav"><div class="ham__toggler-span-wrapper"><span class="line line-1"></span><span class="line line-2"></span><span class="line line-3"></span></div></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-nav__container " > <nav class="mobile-nav__nav flex-column czr-collapse" id="mobile-nav"> <div class="mobile-nav__inner container"> <div class="nav__menu-wrapper mobile-nav__menu-wrapper czr-open-on-click" > <ul id="mobile-nav-menu" class="mobile-nav__menu vertical-nav nav__menu flex-column nav"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown menu-item-668"><span class="display-flex nav__link-wrapper align-items-start"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">About us</span></a><button data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="caret__dropdown-toggler czr-btn-link"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></button></span> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-690"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">About us</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-669"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/board/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Board</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-670"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/iupap/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Finnish National Committee of IUPAP</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-671"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/eps/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">European Physical Society</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown-submenu dropdown-item menu-item-908"><span class="display-flex nav__link-wrapper align-items-start"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Divisions & Working Groups</span></a><button data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="caret__dropdown-toggler czr-btn-link"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></button></span> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-2831"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/astronomy-and-space-physics-division/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Astronomy and Space Physics division</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown-submenu dropdown-item menu-item-2808"><span class="display-flex nav__link-wrapper align-items-start"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/diversity-in-physics-finland-findip/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Diversity in Physics, Finland (FinDiP)</span></a><button data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="caret__dropdown-toggler czr-btn-link"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></button></span> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-2823"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/diversity-in-physics-finland-findip/findip-events/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">FinDiP Events</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-2826"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/diversity-in-physics-finland-findip/archive/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">FinDiP: Useful material and links</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-684"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/about-us/working-groups/fym/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Finnish Young Minds</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-1528"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/links/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Physics Research in Finland</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropdown-item menu-item-847"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/category/news/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">News</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropdown-item menu-item-848"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/category/blog/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Blog</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-689"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/contact/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Contact</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown menu-item-672"><span class="display-flex nav__link-wrapper align-items-start"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Activity</span></a><button data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="caret__dropdown-toggler czr-btn-link"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></button></span> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-673"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/physics-days/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Physics Days</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-674"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/historian-suuret-fyysikot/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Greatest Physicists in History</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-675"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/70-year-anniversary/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">70 year anniversary</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-3055"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/nobel-lectures-2/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Nobel lectures</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-677"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/other-activities/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Other activities</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown menu-item-1082"><span class="display-flex nav__link-wrapper align-items-start"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/apply/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Members</span></a><button data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="caret__dropdown-toggler czr-btn-link"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></button></span> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-679"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/apply/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Apply</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-680"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/member-benefits/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Member benefits</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-681"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/fellows/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Honorary and fellow members</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-682"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/sponsoring-members/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Sponsoring members</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-691"><a href="http://www.arkhimedes.fi/english.html" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Arkhimedes</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children czr-dropdown menu-item-1083"><span class="display-flex nav__link-wrapper align-items-start"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/grants-prizes/grants/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Grants & prizes</span></a><button data-toggle="czr-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="caret__dropdown-toggler czr-btn-link"><i class="icn-down-small"></i></button></span> <ul class="dropdown-menu czr-dropdown-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-686"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/grants-prizes/grants/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">FPS Grants</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-687"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/grants-prizes/master-thesis-prize/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">FPS Master’s Thesis Prize</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropdown-item menu-item-688"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/grants-prizes/physics-days-presentation-prize/" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">Physics Days Presentation Prize</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="lang-item lang-item-8 lang-item-fi menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-716-fi"><a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/fi/" hreflang="fi" lang="fi" class="nav__link"><span class="nav__title">FI</span></a></li> </ul></div> </div> </nav> </div></div></header> <div id="customizr-slider-main_slider" class="section-slider czr-carousel topslider full-width parallax-wrapper fittext-p" > <div class="czr-slider-holder"> <div id="czr-slider-loader-wrapper-main_slider" class="czr-slider-loader-wrapper"> <div class="czr-img-gif-loader"></div> <div class="czr-css-loader czr-mr-loader"><div></div><div></div><div></div></div> </div> <div class="carousel-inner center-slides-enabled czr-parallax-slider czr-has-no-dark-overlay" data-parallax-ratio="0.55" data-slider-delay="5000" data-has-dots="" > <div class="carousel-cell item slide-749" > <div class="czr-filter carousel-image"> <img width="1600" height="500" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-opiskelu-9.jpg" class="slide no-lazy" alt="" data-srcset="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-opiskelu-9.jpg 1600w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-opiskelu-9-300x94.jpg 300w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-opiskelu-9-768x240.jpg 768w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-opiskelu-9-1024x320.jpg 1024w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-opiskelu-9-800x250.jpg 800w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-opiskelu-9-150x150.jpg 150w" data-sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /> </div>  </div><div class="carousel-cell item slide-732" > <div class="czr-filter carousel-image"> <img width="922" height="500" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-labratyî-4.jpg" class="slide no-lazy" alt="" data-srcset="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-labratyî-4.jpg 2400w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-labratyî-4-300x163.jpg 300w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-labratyî-4-768x416.jpg 768w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-labratyî-4-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-labratyî-4-1600x867.jpg 1600w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cropped-labratyî-4-150x150.jpg 150w" data-sizes="(max-width: 922px) 100vw, 922px" /> </div>  </div><div class="carousel-cell item slide-16" > <div class="czr-filter carousel-image"> <img width="667" height="500" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton.jpg" class="slide no-lazy" alt="" data-srcset="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton.jpg 4032w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton-600x450.jpg 600w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton-1600x1200.jpg 1600w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton-100x100.jpg 100w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton-2400x1300.jpg 2400w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton-2340x800.jpg 2340w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/opiskelijat_newton-1170x400.jpg 1170w" data-sizes="(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px" /> </div>  </div><div class="carousel-cell item slide-13" > <div class="czr-filter carousel-image"> <img width="667" height="500" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2.jpg" class="slide no-lazy" alt="" data-srcset="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2.jpg 4032w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2-600x450.jpg 600w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2-1600x1200.jpg 1600w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2-100x100.jpg 100w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2-2400x1300.jpg 2400w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2-2340x800.jpg 2340w, https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IMG_2841-2-1170x400.jpg 1170w" data-sizes="(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px" /> </div>  </div><div class="carousel-cell item slide-1055" > <div class="czr-filter carousel-image"> <img width="672" height="500" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-src="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/adnane2.jpg" class="slide no-lazy" alt="" /> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="czr-carousel-nav"> <span class="czr-carousel-control btn btn-skin-dark-shaded inverted czr-carousel-prev icn-left-open-big" tabindex="0"></span> <span class="czr-carousel-control btn btn-skin-dark-shaded inverted czr-carousel-next icn-right-open-big" tabindex="0"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-wrapper" class="section"> <div class="container marketing center-images-enabled" > <div class="row fp-widget-area" role="complementary" > <div class="featured-page col-12 col-md-4 fp-one"> <div class="widget-front czr-link-mask-p round" > <h4 class="fp-title">Physics Days</h4> <p class="fp-text-one">Physics Days (Fysiikan päivät) are the annual meeting of the Finnish Physical Society.  It is an important tradition gathering together physicists working in Finland to network and share the knowledge ...</p> <span class="fp-button readmore-holder"><a class="moretag btn btn-more btn-skin-dark" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/physics-days/"><span>Read more</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="featured-page col-12 col-md-4 fp-two"> <div class="widget-front czr-link-mask-p round" > <h4 class="fp-title">Greatest Physicists in History</h4> <p class="fp-text-two">The Finnish Physical Society organises with Physics Alumni of Aalto University “Greatest Physicists in History” (“Historian Suuret Fyysikot”) lecture series. Upcoming lectures Chien-Shiung ...</p> <span class="fp-button readmore-holder"><a class="moretag btn btn-more btn-skin-dark" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/events/historian-suuret-fyysikot/"><span>Read more</span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="featured-page col-12 col-md-4 fp-three"> <div class="widget-front czr-link-mask-p round" > <h4 class="fp-title">Apply</h4> <p class="fp-text-three">To apply for membership in Finnish Physical Society send the email to secretary(at)fyysikkoseura.fi with following information NameMembership categoryEmail addressHome addressDate of BirthYear of Graduation ...</p> <span class="fp-button readmore-holder"><a class="moretag btn btn-more btn-skin-dark" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/members/apply/"><span>Read more</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container" role="main"> <div class="flex-row row column-content-wrapper"> <div id="content" class="col-12 article-container"> <div class="sektion-wrapper nb-loc " data-sek-level="location" data-sek-id="loop_start" data-sek-is-global-location="false" > <div data-sek-level="section" data-sek-id="__nimble__d1abff933604" class="sek-section sek-has-modules " > <div class="sek-container-fluid"> <div class="sek-row sek-sektion-inner"> <div data-sek-level="column" data-sek-id="__nimble__f0577a1503ec" class="sek-column sek-col-base sek-col-50 " > <div class="sek-column-inner "> <div data-sek-level="module" data-sek-id="__nimble__3a75c403899d" data-sek-module-type="czr_heading_module" class="sek-module " title="" > <div class="sek-module-inner"> <h1 class="sek-heading">Blog</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div><div data-sek-level="column" data-sek-id="__nimble__9c215fcf824c" class="sek-column sek-col-base sek-col-50 " > <div class="sek-column-inner "> <div data-sek-level="module" data-sek-id="__nimble__0acee4e654bd" data-sek-module-type="czr_heading_module" class="sek-module " title="" > <div class="sek-module-inner"> <h1 class="sek-heading">News</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div data-sek-level="section" data-sek-id="__nimble__97582dc603c6" class="sek-section sek-has-modules " > <div class="sek-container-fluid"> <div class="sek-row sek-sektion-inner"> <div data-sek-level="column" data-sek-id="__nimble__d4c3f2114a0d" class="sek-column sek-col-base sek-col-50 " > <div class="sek-column-inner "> <div data-sek-level="module" data-sek-id="__nimble__d9cd47437d41" data-sek-module-type="czr_post_grid_module" class="sek-module " title="" > <div class="sek-module-inner"> <div class="sek-post-grid-wrapper sek-has-mobile-breakpoint" id="__nimble__d9cd47437d41"> <div class="sek-grid-items sek-list-layout sek-thumb-custom-height "> <article id="sek-pg-3188" class="sek-has-thumb"> <figure class="sek-pg-thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/2024/05/26/observing-gravitational-waves-from-early-universe-phase-transitions-with-the-laser-interferometer-space-antenna-tiina-minkkinen-uh/"> <img width="215" height="300" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-sek-src="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Tiina-215x300.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium no-lazy" alt="" /> </a> </figure> <div class="sek-pg-content"> <h2 class="sek-pg-title"> <a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/2024/05/26/observing-gravitational-waves-from-early-universe-phase-transitions-with-the-laser-interferometer-space-antenna-tiina-minkkinen-uh/" rel="bookmark">Observing gravitational waves from early universe phase transitions with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna – Tiina Minkkinen (UH)</a> </h2> <aside class="sek-pg-metas"> <span class="published updated">26.05.2024</span> </aside> <div class="sek-excerpt"> <p>Master Thesis Prize 2023 – Winner Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime caused by accelerating masses, such as rotating neutron stars or black holes orbiting each other. Predicted by Einstein’s […]</p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="sek-pg-3182" class="sek-has-thumb"> <figure class="sek-pg-thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/2024/05/26/low-field-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-simo-heikkinen-uef/"> <img width="300" height="142" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-sek-src="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Fig2_SH-1-300x142.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium no-lazy" alt="Simo" /> </a> </figure> <div class="sek-pg-content"> <h2 class="sek-pg-title"> <a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/2024/05/26/low-field-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-simo-heikkinen-uef/" rel="bookmark">Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance – Simo Heikkinen (UEF)</a> </h2> <aside class="sek-pg-metas"> <span class="published updated">26.05.2024</span> </aside> <div class="sek-excerpt"> <p>Master Thesis Prize 2023 – Honorable mention Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a method used extensively for measuring the composition and structure of matter. One common use is Magnetic Resonance […]</p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="sek-pg-3165" class="sek-has-thumb"> <figure class="sek-pg-thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/2024/05/25/the-whispering-gallery-talbot-effect-matthias-eriksson/"> <img width="256" height="256" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-sek-src="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Matthias.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium no-lazy" alt="" /> </a> </figure> <div class="sek-pg-content"> <h2 class="sek-pg-title"> <a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/2024/05/25/the-whispering-gallery-talbot-effect-matthias-eriksson/" rel="bookmark">The whispering gallery Talbot effect – Matias Eriksson (TAU)</a> </h2> <aside class="sek-pg-metas"> <span class="published updated">25.05.2024</span> </aside> <div class="sek-excerpt"> <p>Master Thesis Prize 2023 – Honorable mention The Talbot effect, named after Henry Fox Talbot for its original discovery in 1836, is a lensless self-imaging phenomenon which describes revivals of […]</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div data-sek-level="column" data-sek-id="__nimble__f8a2f0819e66" class="sek-column sek-col-base sek-col-50 " > <div class="sek-column-inner "> <div data-sek-level="module" data-sek-id="__nimble__4beb60e895cf" data-sek-module-type="czr_post_grid_module" class="sek-module " title="" > <div class="sek-module-inner"> <div class="sek-post-grid-wrapper sek-has-mobile-breakpoint" id="__nimble__4beb60e895cf"> <div class="sek-grid-items sek-list-layout sek-thumb-custom-height "> <article id="sek-pg-3260" class=""> <div class="sek-pg-content"> <h2 class="sek-pg-title"> <a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/2024/11/14/greatest-physicists-in-history/" rel="bookmark">Greatest Physicists in History</a> </h2> <aside class="sek-pg-metas"> <span class="published updated">14.11.2024</span> </aside> <div class="sek-excerpt"> <p>What: Lecture about Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997) “Queen of Nuclear Research”, given by Prof. Anu Kankainen JYU.Where: U154 U1 VALMET Otakaari […]</p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="sek-pg-3217" class=""> <div class="sek-pg-content"> <h2 class="sek-pg-title"> <a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/2024/07/16/physics-days-2024-hannu-koskinen-presentation-prizes/" rel="bookmark">Physics Days 2024 Hannu Koskinen Presentation Prizes</a> </h2> <aside class="sek-pg-metas"> <span class="published updated">16.07.2024</span> </aside> <div class="sek-excerpt"> <p>Each year the Finnish Physical Society awards four early-career presentation prizes at Physics Days. The two best oral and the […]</p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="sek-pg-3198" class=""> <div class="sek-pg-content"> <h2 class="sek-pg-title"> <a href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/2024/05/26/finnish-physical-society-2023-masters-thesis-prize-awarded-to-tiina-minkkinen/" rel="bookmark">Finnish Physical Society 2023 Master’s Thesis Prize Awarded to Tiina Minkkinen</a> </h2> <aside class="sek-pg-metas"> <span class="published updated">26.05.2024</span> </aside> <div class="sek-excerpt"> <p>The 2023 Master’s Thesis Prize of the Finnish Physical Society has been awarded to Tiina Minkkinen of the University of […]</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><article id="page-111" class="post-111 page type-page status-publish czr-hentry" > <div class="post-entry tc-content-inner"> <section class="post-content entry-content " > <div class="czr-wp-the-content"> <div class="twitter-social-btn-top"><script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script><script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script><a class="twitter-follow-button" href=" https://twitter.com/Fyysikkoseura " data-show-count="false" data-lang="en"> Follow @Fyysikkoseura</a></div><div id="twitter-feed-Fyysikkoseura" class="feed_dynamic_classqjoycqkdlf_twitter fts-twitter-div " ><div class="fts-tweeter-wrap " ><div class="tweeter-info"><div class="fts-twitter-image"> <a href="https://twitter.com/" target="_blank" class="fts-twitter-username"><img class="twitter-image" src="" alt=""/></a> </div><div class=" fts-right"><div class="fts-uppercase fts-bold"> <a href="https://twitter.com/" target="_blank" class="fts-twitter-full-name"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/" target="_blank" class="fts-twitter-at-name">@</a> </div><span class="time"><a href="https://twitter.com//status/" target="_blank"> </a></span><br/> <span class="fts-twitter-text"><div class="fts-twitter-caption"> <a href="https://twitter.com/" class="fts-view-on-twitter-link" target="_blank">View on Twitter</a> </div></span> </div><div class="fts-twitter-reply-wrap fts-twitter-no-margin-left"><div class="fts-share-wrap"><a href="javascript:;" class="ft-gallery-link-popup"></a><div class="ft-gallery-share-wrap"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://twitter.com//status/" target="_blank" class="ft-galleryfacebook-icon"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square"></i></a><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=https://twitter.com//status/+" target="_blank" class="ft-gallerytwitter-icon"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a><a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https://twitter.com//status/" target="_blank" class="ft-gallerygoogle-icon"><i class="fa fa-google-plus"></i></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://twitter.com//status/" target="_blank" class="ft-gallerylinkedin-icon"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a><a href="mailto:?subject=Shared Link&body=https://twitter.com//status/ - " target="_blank" class="ft-galleryemail-icon"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></div></div></div><div class="fts-twitter-reply-wrap-left"><div class="fts-tweet-reply-left"><a href="https://twitter.com//status/" target="_blank" title="Reply" aria-label="Reply"><div class="fts-twitter-reply"></div></a></div><div class="fts-tweet-others-right"><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=&related=" target="_blank" class="fts-twitter-retweet-wrap" title="Retweet" aria-label="Retweet"><div class="fts-twitter-retweet"></div></a><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/like?tweet_id=&related=" target="_blank" class="fts-twitter-favorites-wrap" title="Favorite" aria-label="Favorite"><div class="fts-twitter-favorites"></div></a></div></div><div class="fts-clear"></div></div></div></div><br></p> </div> <footer class="post-footer clearfix"> </footer> </section> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div id="czr-push-footer" ></div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="footer__wrapper" > <div id="footer-widget-area" class="widget__wrapper" role="complementary" > <div class="container widget__container"> <div class="row"> <div id="footer_one" class="col-md-4 col-12"> <aside id="custom_html-15" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><b>Office address</b><br> Finnish Physical Society, P.O. Box 64 <br> 00014 University of Helsinki <br><br> <b>Street address</b><br> Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2 a <br> 00560 Helsinki </div></aside> </div> <div id="footer_two" class="col-md-4 col-12"> <aside id="custom_html-16" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><b>Phone</b><br> +358 2941 50523 <br><br> <b>Email</b><br> office@fyysikkoseura.fi <br> president@fyysikkoseura.fi</div></aside> </div> <div id="footer_three" class="col-md-4 col-12"> <aside id="text-6" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><strong><em><span style="font-size: large;">“Finnish Physical Society advances public awareness in physics, supports research and education in physics, and maintains contacts with international and domestic physical associations”</span></em></strong></p> <p> </p> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="colophon" class="colophon " > <div class="container"> <div class="colophon__row row flex-row justify-content-between"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-auto"> <div id="footer__credits" class="footer__credits" > <p class="czr-copyright"> <span class="czr-copyright-text">© 2024 </span><a class="czr-copyright-link" href="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en" title=""></a><span class="czr-rights-text"> – All rights reserved</span> </p> <p class="czr-credits"> <span class="czr-designer"> <span class="czr-wp-powered"><span class="czr-wp-powered-text">Powered by </span><a class="czr-wp-powered-link fab fa-wordpress" title="Powered by WordPress" href="https://en-gb.wordpress.org/" target="_blank"></a></span><span class="czr-designer-text"> – Designed with the <a class="czr-designer-link" href="https://presscustomizr.com/customizr" title="Customizr Theme">Customizr Theme</a></span> </span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-auto"> <div class="social-links"> <ul class="socials " > <li ><a rel="nofollow" class="social-icon icon-facebook-f (alias)" title="Fyysikkoseura Facebookissa" aria-label="Fyysikkoseura Facebookissa" href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/1538591283038410/" target="_blank" style="color:#4b63a9"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f (alias)"></i></a></li> <li ><a rel="nofollow" class="social-icon icon-twitter" title="Follow us on Twitter" aria-label="Follow us on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/fyysikkoseura" target="_blank" style="color:#4b63a9"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <section class="czr-overlay search_o"> <a href="#" class="search-close_btn search-toggle_btn czr-overlay-toggle_btn"><i class="icn-close"></i></a> <div class="overlay-content"> <div class="search__wrapper"> <div class="search-form__container " > <form action="https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/language/en/" method="get" class="czr-form search-form"> <div class="form-group czr-focus"> <label for="s-674709cae768e" id="lsearch-674709cae768e"><span>Search</span><i class="icn-search"></i><i class="icn-close"></i></label> <input id="s-674709cae768e" class="form-control czr-search-field" name="s" type="text" value="" aria-describedby="lsearch-674709cae768e" title="Search …"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </section><div class="btn czr-btt czr-btta right" ><i class="icn-up-small"></i></div> <script type='text/javascript'> const com_options = {"colomatduration":"fast","colomatslideEffect":"slideFade","colomatpauseInit":"","colomattouchstart":""} </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/jquery-collapse-o-matic/js/collapse.js?ver=1.7.2'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=5.2.21'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=5.2.21'></script> <script type='text/javascript'> nb_.listenTo('nb-docready', function() { nb_.preloadOrDeferAsset( { id : 'nb-main-js', as : 'script', href : "https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/nimble-builder/assets/front/js/ccat-nimble-front.min.js?v=3.3.3", scriptEl : document.getElementById('nb-load-main-script') }); }); nb_.listenTo('nb-needs-swiper', function() { nb_.preloadOrDeferAsset( { id : "slider-module", as : 'script', href : "https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/nimble-builder/assets/front/js/partials/slider-module.min.js?v=3.3.3", scriptEl : document.getElementById('nb-load-script-slider-module') }); }); nb_.listenTo('nb-needs-menu-js', function() { nb_.preloadOrDeferAsset( { id : "menu-module", as : 'script', href : "https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/nimble-builder/assets/front/js/partials/menu-module.min.js?v=3.3.3", scriptEl : document.getElementById('nb-load-script-menu-module') }); }); nb_.listenTo('nb-needs-parallax', function() { nb_.preloadOrDeferAsset( { id : "front-parallax", as : 'script', href : "https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/nimble-builder/assets/front/js/partials/front-parallax.min.js?v=3.3.3", scriptEl : document.getElementById('nb-load-script-front-parallax') }); }); nb_.listenTo('nb-needs-accordion', function() { nb_.preloadOrDeferAsset( { id : "accordion-module", as : 'script', href : "https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/nimble-builder/assets/front/js/partials/accordion-module.min.js?v=3.3.3", scriptEl : document.getElementById('nb-load-script-accordion-module') }); }); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> nb_.listenTo('nb-needs-swipebox', function() { nb_.preloadOrDeferAsset( { id : 'nb-swipebox', as : 'script', href : "https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/nimble-builder/assets/front/js/libs/jquery-swipebox.min.js?3.3.3", onEvent : 'nb-docready', // scriptEl : document.currentScript }); nb_.preloadOrDeferAsset( { id : 'nb-swipebox-style', as : 'style', href : "https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/nimble-builder/assets/front/css/libs/swipebox.min.css?3.3.3", onEvent : 'nb-docready', // scriptEl : document.currentScript }); }); nb_.listenTo('nb-needs-swiper', function() { nb_.preloadOrDeferAsset( { id : 'nb-swiper', as : 'script', href : "https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/nimble-builder/assets/front/js/libs/swiper-bundle.min.js?3.3.3", onEvent : 'nb-docready', // scriptEl : document.currentScript }); }); nb_.listenTo('nb-needs-videobg-js', function() { nb_.preloadOrDeferAsset( { id : 'nb-video-bg-plugin', as : 'script', href : "https://www.fyysikkoseura.fi/wp-content/plugins/nimble-builder/assets/front/js/libs/nimble-video-bg.min.js?3.3.3", onEvent : 'nb-docready', // scriptEl : document.currentScript }); }); </script> </body> </html>