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<span>Recercar</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Colonialisme</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Lenga" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon 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cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modificar</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p>Lo <b>colonialisme</b> es una doctrina d'extension de la sobeiranetat d'un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estat">Estat</a> sus de territòris en defòra de sei frontieras. Implica l'organizacion de l'explecha economica e la mesa en plaça d'un sistèma de dominacion politica d'aquelei territòris. Conegut tre l'Antiquitat, aqueu sistèma se desvolopèt fòrtament a partir de la descubèrta dau continent american per leis Europèus e l'expansion dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mondializacion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondializacion">comèrci mondiau</a>. Conoguèt son apogèu au començament de la Segonda Guèrra Mondiala quand lo monde èra devesit entre leis empèris coloniaus dei poissanças europèas, principalament França e Reiaume Unit. Après 1945, l'afebliment d'Euròpa entraïnèt l'independéncia de la màger part dei colonias e lo colonialisme es d'ara endavant vengut pus rar.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="oc" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Somari</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_situacion_coloniala"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">La situacion coloniala</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lei_causas_de_la_colonizacion"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lei causas de la colonizacion</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Causas_demograficas"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Causas demograficas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Causas_economicas"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Causas economicas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Causas_estrategicas"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Causas estrategicas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ideologia_e_prestigi"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Ideologia e prestigi</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lei_tipes_de_colonizacion"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lei tipes de colonizacion</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Poblament_d'una_region"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Poblament d'una region</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Esplecha_economica_d'una_region"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Esplecha economica d'una region</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Protectorat"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Protectorat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dominion"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Dominion</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ist%C3%B2ria"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Istòria</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Antiquitat_e_Edat_Mejana"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Antiquitat e Edat Mejana</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_colonizacion_antica"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">La colonizacion antica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leis_Estats_latins_d'Orient"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Leis Estats latins d'Orient</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_Drang_nach_Osten"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Lo <i>Drang nach Osten</i></span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'expansion_mercantilista"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">L'expansion mercantilista</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lei_Grandei_Descub%C3%A8rtas"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lei Grandei Descubèrtas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'expansion_ispanoportuguesa"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">L'expansion ispanoportuguesa</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leis_expansions_olandesas,_anglesas_e_francesas"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Leis expansions olandesas, anglesas e francesas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leis_independ%C3%A9ncias_estatsunidenca_e_sud-americanas"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Leis independéncias estatsunidenca e sud-americanas</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_peri%C3%B2de_imperialista"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Lo periòde imperialista</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_sistematizacion_de_la_colonizacion_europ%C3%A8a"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">La sistematizacion de la colonizacion europèa</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'aparicion_d'autreis_imperialismes"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">L'aparicion d'autreis imperialismes</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_descolonizacion"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">La descolonizacion</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'independ%C3%A9ncia_dei_dominions"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">L'independéncia dei <i>dominions</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_disparicion_deis_emp%C3%A8ris_coloniaus"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">La disparicion deis empèris coloniaus</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_colonialisme_dempuei_leis_ans_1960"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Lo colonialisme dempuei leis ans 1960</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_neocolonialisme"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lo neocolonialisme</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo_cas_israelian"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lo cas israelian</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leis_autrei_movements_de_colonizacion"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Leis autrei movements de colonizacion</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lei_consequ%C3%A9ncias_dau_colonialisme"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Lei consequéncias dau colonialisme</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Consequ%C3%A9ncias_economicas"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Consequéncias economicas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Consequ%C3%A9ncias_demograficas"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Consequéncias demograficas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Consequ%C3%A9ncias_politicas"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Consequéncias politicas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Consequ%C3%A9ncias_culturalas"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Consequéncias culturalas</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ann%C3%A8xas"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Annèxas</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liames_int%C3%A8rnes"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Liames intèrnes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografia"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#N%C3%B2tas_e_refer%C3%A9ncias"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Nòtas e referéncias</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="La_situacion_coloniala">La situacion coloniala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La situacion coloniala" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lei_causas_de_la_colonizacion">Lei causas de la colonizacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei causas de la colonizacion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lei causas de la colonizacion son multiplas e varian segon lei luòcs e leis epòcas. Se pòdon classar entre de consideracions <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demografia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demografia">demograficas</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia">economicas</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estrategia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Estrategia (la pagina existís pas)">estrategicas</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ideologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ideologia">ideologicas</a>. Dins la màger part dei cas, plusors causas son mescladas per explicar la conquista o la creacion de colonias.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Causas_demograficas">Causas demograficas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Causas demograficas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Una populacion considerada coma tròp importanta pòu èsser una causa de colonialisme. D'efiech, dins mai d'un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estat">Estat</a>, la subrepopulacion es un problema complèx de gerir car limita lei ressorsas disponiblas e lei perspectivas d'evolucion au sen de la societat. Aquò pòu entraïnar de problemas sociaus e politics coma l'illustran lei tensiosn intèrnas dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia_antica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grècia antica">ciutats-estats grègas</a> dau sègle VI avC. L'existéncia de territòris pauc poblats favoriza lo fenomèn car l'expansionisme pòu alora se presentar coma una solucion « naturala ». De mai, un pòble escampilhat es rarament capable d'organizar una resisténcia militara eficaça en fàcia dei colons. Per exemple, aquela percepcion de regions « vuejas » es a l'origina de la colonizacion grèga en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterranèa">Mediterranèa</a> o de la migracion vèrs l'Oèst deis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estatsunidencs</a> au sègle XIX.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Causas_economicas">Causas economicas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Causas economicas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lei consideracions <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia">economicas</a> pòdon tanben justificar una politica coloniala. Dins aqueu cas, la rason evocada es generalament la conquista de tèrras <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agricultura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agricultura">agricòlas</a> o la cèrca de ressorsas preciosas. Lei factors demografics pòdon renfòrçar una tala politica, especialament dins lo cas d'un besonh de zònas <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agricultura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agricultura">agricòla</a>. Per exemple, aquelei causas son a l'origina dei movements de colonizacion dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> ai sègles VIII e IX o deis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">Espanhòus</a> ai sègles XVI e XVIII. De mai, lei movements coloniaus europèus dau periòde mercantilista e imperialista s'explican fòrça per de rasons economicas (cèrca d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aur">aur</a>, d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Argent">argent</a> o de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mat%C3%A8ria_premiera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matèria premiera">matèrias premieras</a>).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Causas_estrategicas">Causas estrategicas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Causas estrategicas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lei causas <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estrategia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Estrategia (la pagina existís pas)">estrategicas</a> de colonizacion son pus raras car necessitan normalament l'existéncia, per avans, d'un empèri de defendre. D'efiech, dins aqueu cas, l'objectiu es de conquistar un territòri per de motius militars. Durant lo sègle XIX, una causa frequenta d'aqueu tipe de colonizacion èra la creacion de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Basa_navala&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Basa navala (la pagina existís pas)">basas navalas</a> permetent d'avitalhament dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naviri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naviri">naviris</a> (viures, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carbon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carbon">carbon</a>...). Per exemple, foguèt la rason de la fondacion de la colonia <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme Unit">britanica</a> deis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illas_Malvinas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illas Malvinas">Illas Malvinas</a>. D'autreis exemples son la creacion de colonias dins lei territòris annexats per lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman">Romans</a> durant l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a> (per assegurar la fondacion de vilas fidèlas dins lei regions conquistadas) o la conquista estatsunidenca d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hawaii?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> au sègle XIX (per contraròtlar lo centre de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocean_Pacific?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ocean Pacific">Ocean Pacific</a>).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ideologia_e_prestigi">Ideologia e prestigi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Ideologia e prestigi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png/220px-Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2069" data-file-height="2681"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 285px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png/220px-Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png" data-width="220" data-height="285" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png/330px-Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png/440px-Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Dessenh britanic illustrant la dominacion britanica sus la mitat orientala d'Africa. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Un movement colonialista necessita generalament la definicion d'un discors sostenent aqueu projècte. Sei dimensions son variablas mai permèton sistematicament de legitimar l'installacion dei colons. Entre lei pus frequentas, se pòdon citar l'abséncia de poblaments importants dins la region chausida, de motius economics (necesssitat de trobar de mercats novèus, besonhs de ressorsas novèlas...), de motius <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religiós</a> (conversion d'infidèus, tèrras promesas per una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dieu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dieu">divinitat</a>...), de motius <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Racisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Racisme">racistas</a> (superioritat raciala...) o de motius umanistas (protegir un pòble menaçat, difusar lo progrès...). Generalament, plusors causas son avançadas per lei partisans dau movement coloniau.</p> <p>De mai, la formacion de colonias es sovent una question de prestigi tant per leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estat">Estats</a> colonizators que per lei personas en carga de la creacion dei colonias. D'efiech, la formacion d'un empèri important permet d'afiermar la poissança dau prince, dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> o dei fòrças armadas. Per exemple, aquò foguèt un aspècte important dau colonialisme <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">francés</a> après la desfacha de 1870-1871 còntra <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prússia">Prússia</a>. D'autra part, leis actors de la colonizacion aprofichan sovent lo contèxte per s'auçar au sen de la societat. Per exemple, lo <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Conquistador&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Conquistador (la pagina existís pas)">conquistador</a></i> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a> (1485-1547), noble paure d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estremadura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Estremadura">Estremadura</a>, foguèt nomat <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Marquesat_de_la_vau_d'Oaxaca&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Marquesat de la vau d'Oaxaca (la pagina existís pas)">marqués d'Oaxaca</a> e recebèt de richessas considerablas après la conquista de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civilizacion_ast%C3%A8ca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civilizacion astèca">Empèri Astèc</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lei_tipes_de_colonizacion">Lei tipes de colonizacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei tipes de colonizacion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Poblament_d'una_region"><span id="Poblament_d.27una_region"></span>Poblament d'una region</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Poblament d'una region" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail general"> Article principal : <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonia_de_poblament&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Colonia de poblament (la pagina existís pas)">Colonia de poblament</a>. </div> <p>La colonizacion de poblament es destinada a installar de populacions eissidas dau territòri de la poissança colonisatritz dirèctament sus lo territòri colonizat. Aquò èra una practica fòrça frequenta durant l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a> o l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edat_Mejana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> car permetiá de limitar leis efiechs de la subrepopulaicon e d'installar de colons fidèus dins lei regions ocupadas. Foguèt pus rara durant lei periòdes seguents mai dispareguèt pas. Per exemple, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argeria">Argeria</a> o lei Tretze Colonias èran respectivament de colonias de poblament per lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">Francés</a> o lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme Unit">Britanics</a>. Aqueu poblament necessita generalament la presa de contraròtle d'un endrech per lei colonizators. Dins certanei cas, generalament durant l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a>, de negociacions amb lei populacions indigènas permetián de lo definir<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, dins la màger part cas, la conquista militara es la solucion preferida. Pòu menar au <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genocidi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genocidi">genocidi</a> dei vencuts coma lo mòstra la conquista dei territòris amerindians per leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estatsunidencs</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Esplecha_economica_d'una_region"><span id="Esplecha_economica_d.27una_region"></span>Esplecha economica d'una region</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Esplecha economica d'una region" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Aqueu tipe de colonizacion foguèt lo centre dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politica">politicas</a> colonialas a partir de la fin dau sègle XVIII. Son objectiu èra d'organizar l'esplecha economica dei ressorsas d'un territòri donat. I aviá dos cas principaus :</p> <ul> <li>l'esplecha de matèrias premieras (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metal">metaus</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fusta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fusta">fusta</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pelissa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pelissa">pelissas</a>...).</li> <li>la creacion de ressorsas d'esplechar gràcias a de plantacions o a l'installacions d'animaus originaris d'una autra region.</li> </ul> <p>A respècte d'autrei formas de colonizacion, aquela forma a l'avantatge de necessitar un nombre limitat de colons car es possible d'utilizar la populacion indigèna coma man d'òbra. Lo recors a l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esclavatge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esclavatge">esclavatge</a> èra tanben una opcion per lei territòris pauc poblats o se la populacion locala èra estada decimada. Per exemple, aquò foguèt lo cas dins l'Empèri Espanhòu en causa dau declin dei populacions <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesoamerica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesoamerica">mesoamericanas</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andes">andinas</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Protectorat">Protectorat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Protectorat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="521"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 207px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png/220px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png" data-width="220" data-height="207" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png/330px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png/440px-India_-_Division_de_la_peninsula_indiana_en_1858.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndias_Britanicas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Índias Britanicas (la pagina existís pas)">Índias Britanicas</a>, un exemple d'utilizacion dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> per redurre lo còst d'una administracion dirècta de l'ensemble dau territòri. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail general"> Article principal : <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorat">Protectorat</a>. </div> <p>Lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> es una forma particulara de colonizacion que garda en plaça leis institucions localas. En teoria, l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estat">Estat</a> indigèn garda una partida de sa <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sobeiranetat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sobeiranetat">sobeiranetat</a> per gerir seis afaires intèrnes. Pasmens, laissa son protector dirigir sa <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diplomacia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diplomacia">diplomacia</a> e assegurar sa defensa militara. Dins lei fachs, aquel equilibri es rarament respectat e lo protector es aisament capable de prendre lo contraròtle de l'ensemble de la politica de la poissança protegida sensa finançar una administracion coloniala desvolopada. Aqueu sistèma foguèt fòrça utilizat au sègle XIX per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Par%C3%ADs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a> e en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a>. Per exemple, permetèt ai Britanics d'organizar sa dominacion en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índia">Índia</a> gràcias au mantenenement dei senhors locaus.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Dominion">Dominion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Dominion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail general"> Article principal : <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominion">Dominion</a>. </div> <p>Lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominion">dominion</a> èra un tipe particular de colonias qu'es pròpri a l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Britanic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Britanic">Empèri Britanic</a>. Èra una colonia de poblament principalament restada per de populacions d'origina anglesa. Dins lo corrent dau sègle XIX, obtenguèron donc pauc a pauc de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drech?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drech">drechs</a> li permetent de venir autonòmas. En particular, aguèron lo drech d'elegir de parlaments e de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Govèrn">govèrns</a> locaus, de desvolopar de sistèmas judiciaris pròpris o de crear de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armada">fòrças armadas</a>. Un procès lent lei menèt ansin a una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a> <i>de facto</i> que foguèt formalament reconeguda durant la premiera partida dau sègle XX per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>. Pasmens, lei dominions gardèron una politica estrangiera alinhada sus lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> fins a 1945. Lei dominions principaus èran <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canad%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canadà">Canadà</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austr%C3%A0lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austràlia">Austràlia</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Zelanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nòva Zelanda">Nòva Zelanda</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sud-Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sud-Africa">Sud-Africa</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Antiquitat_e_Edat_Mejana">Antiquitat e Edat Mejana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Antiquitat e Edat Mejana" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="La_colonizacion_antica">La colonizacion antica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La colonizacion antica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Colonizacion_antica_de_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Colonizacion_antica_de_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png/220px-Colonizacion_antica_de_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2096" data-file-height="1132"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 119px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Colonizacion_antica_de_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png/220px-Colonizacion_antica_de_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png" data-width="220" data-height="119" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Colonizacion_antica_de_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png/330px-Colonizacion_antica_de_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Colonizacion_antica_de_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png/440px-Colonizacion_antica_de_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Colonizacion antica de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterranèa">Mediterranèa</a> per lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fenicians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fenicians">Fenicians</a>, lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia_antica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grècia antica">Grècs</a> e leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruscs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruscs">Etruscs</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La colonizacion es un fenomèn vièlh qu'es atestat dempuei l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a> dins mai d'una region. L'objectiu èra alora de poblar de regions « vuejas » per i crear de comptadors lòng dei rotas comercialas, per resòuvre de tensions socialas o per ocupar de territòris recentament annexats. Lo cas pus conegut es aqueu dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterranèa">bacin mediterranèu</a> que conoguèt de movements de colonizacion sucessius de part dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fenicians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fenicians">Fenicians</a>, dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia_antica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grècia antica">Grècs</a>, deis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruscs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruscs">Etruscs</a> e dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Romana">Romans</a>. Dins la màger part dei cas, leis installacions èran realizadas d'una maniera pacifica gràcias a de negociacions amb lei populacions indigènas, interessadas per lei possibilitats de cambis comerciaus ofèrtas per la constitucion de relacions establas amb leis arribants<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, lei relacions podián se deteriorar coma lo mòstra lo conflicte entre lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foc%C3%A8a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Focèa">Focèus</a> de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marselha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marselha">Massilia</a> e lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Salians&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Salians (la pagina existís pas)">Salians</a> en 123-122 avC. De mai, dins certanei cas rars, lo chaple deis abitants iniciaus foguèt la condicion permetent l'installacion dei colons. Se pòu citar l'exemple de la fondacion de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cartage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cartage">Cartage</a> Romana après l'exterminacion de la populacion punica en 146 avC.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Leis_Estats_latins_d'Orient"><span id="Leis_Estats_latins_d.27Orient"></span>Leis Estats latins d'Orient</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Leis Estats latins d'Orient" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png/220px-Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="929"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 291px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png/220px-Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png" data-width="220" data-height="291" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png/330px-Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png/440px-Orient_Mejan_-_Fin_de_la_Premiera_Crosada.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Mediterranèa Orientala e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reiaume_Arm%C3%A8ni_de_Cil%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reiaume Armèni de Cilícia">Reiaume Armèni de Cilícia</a> après la fin de la Premiera Crosada. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail general"> Article principal : <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estat_latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat latin">Estat latin</a>. </div> <p>Un fenomèn coloniau particular aguèt luòc durant l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edat_Mejana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> a l'eissida de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiera_Crosada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiera Crosada">Premiera Crosada</a>. D'efiech, après la presa de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a> en 1099, lei Crosats decidèron de fondar de principats en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siria">Siria</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> per tenir sei conquistas. Pauc nombrós, lei conquistaires assaièron pas de remplaçar lei populacions localas mai installèron de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garnison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garnison">garnisons</a> militars a d'endrechs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estrategia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Estrategia (la pagina existís pas)">estrategics</a>. De mai, favorizèron l'arribada de volontaris per renfòrçar sei fòrças militaras. Aquelei volontaris podián efectuar un servici de quauqueis annadas avans de s'entornar en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> o demorar dins la region. Se la volontat de quauquei senhors de trobar de fèus foguèt decisiva dins la fondacion d'aqueleis estats, la motivacion religiosa aguèt tanben un ròtle preponderant dins son mantenement.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Lo_Drang_nach_Osten">Lo <i>Drang nach Osten</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo Drang nach Osten" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail general"> Article principal : <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Drang_nach_Osten&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Drang nach Osten (la pagina existís pas)">Drang nach Osten</a>. </div> <p>Lo <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Drang_nach_Osten&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Drang nach Osten (la pagina existís pas)">Drang nach Osten</a></i> es un movement de colonizacion germanica vèrs l'èst. Durèt dau sègle XII au sègle XIX e prenguèt de formas fòrça variadas. Foguèt sovent pacific e, de còps, encoratjat per lei senhors locaus qu'avián besonh dei colons germanics per poblar son territòri. Lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ongria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ongria">Reiaume d'Ongria</a> utilizèt fòrça aquela possibilitat per melhorar la defensa de sei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Marcha_militara&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Marcha militara (la pagina existís pas)">marchas</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balcans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balcans">balcanicas</a> e limitar l'avançada dei Turcs. Lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ostau_Habsborg&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ostau Habsborg (la pagina existís pas)">Ostau Habsborg</a> contunièron aquela politica e, pus tard, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a> l'adoptèt a son torn. Pasmens, dins d'autrei region, lo procès foguèt pus violent. En particular, au nòrd, foguèt creat l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%92rdre_dei_Chivaliers_Teutonics&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Òrdre dei Chivaliers Teutonics (la pagina existís pas)">Òrdre dei Chivaliers Teutonics</a> que conquistèt pauc a pauc un territòri important dins lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Baltica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Baltica">regions balticas</a>. Aquò entraïnèt de guèrras amb <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polonha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polonha">Polonha</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lituània">Lituània</a> e d'autrei pòbles locaus, ostils a l'expansionisme teutonic o au <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a>.</p> <p>Aquelei minoritats alemandas foguèron utilizadas a partir dau sègle XIX per justificar lei projèctes expansionistas germanics. En consequéncia, en 1945, lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/URSS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">Sovietics</a> e seis aliats leis expulsèron vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alemanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>. Dins aquò, existís totjorn quauquei minoritats germanofonas en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a> o dins lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balcans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balcans">Balcans</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="L'expansion_mercantilista"><span id="L.27expansion_mercantilista"></span>L'expansion mercantilista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'expansion mercantilista" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Lei_Grandei_Descubèrtas"><span id="Lei_Grandei_Descub.C3.A8rtas"></span>Lei Grandei Descubèrtas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei Grandei Descubèrtas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail general"> Article principal : <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grandei_Descub%C3%A8rtas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandei Descubèrtas">Grandei Descubèrtas</a>. </div> <p>Entre lei sègles XV e XVI, lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grandei_Descub%C3%A8rtas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandei Descubèrtas">Grandei Descubèrtas</a> marquèron lo començament de l'expansion <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euròpa">europèa</a> dins lo monde. Plusors factors explican aqueu fenonèm coma d'avançadas <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tecnologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tecnologia">tecnologicas</a> (concepcion de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carav%C3%A8la?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caravèla">caravèla</a>, mestritge de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astrolabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astrolabi">astrolabi</a>...) e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sciéncia">scientificas</a> (idèa d'una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A8rra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tèrra">Tèrra</a> esferica...), l'experiéncia aquistada per lei marins de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocean_Atlantic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ocean Atlantic">Ocean Atlantic</a>, la recèrca d'una rota maritima dirècta vèrs <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a>, un certan dinamisme demografic e l'emergéncia progressiva dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercantilisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercantilisme">mercantilisme</a>. Conoguèt dos movements principaus amb una premiera expansion organizada per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> e una segonda menada per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> e lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncias_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Províncias Unidas">Províncias Unidas</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="L'expansion_ispanoportuguesa"><span id="L.27expansion_ispanoportuguesa"></span>L'expansion ispanoportuguesa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'expansion ispanoportuguesa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'expansion portuguesa foguèt iniciada per lo prince <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Enric_lo_Navegaire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Enric lo Navegaire (la pagina existís pas)">Enric lo Navegaire</a> qu'encoratjèt la recèrca d'un passatge permetent de passar per lo sud d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a> afin d'arribar dirèctament ais <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índia">Índias</a>. Lo conflicte amb lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empèri Otoman">Turcs</a>, qu'avián pres <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1453?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1453">1453</a>, es una causa d'aqueleis expedicions. Prudents, lei Portugés establiguèron de comptadors lòng dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litorau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litorau">litorau</a>. Agantèron lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cap_de_Bona_Esperan%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cap de Bona Esperança">Cap de Bona Esperança</a> en 1488 e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vasco_de_Gama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasco de Gama">Vasco de Gama</a> agantèt leis Índias en 1497. Dins l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocean_Atlantic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ocean Atlantic">Ocean Atlantic</a>, prenguèron lo contraròtle de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mad%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Madèra (la pagina existís pas)">Madèra</a>, dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cap_Verd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cap Verd">Cap Verd</a> e deis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A7%C3%B2res?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Açòres">Açòres</a>. Vèrs 1500, descurbiguèron <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brasil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> e, après una tiera de combats durant tot lo sègle XVI, venguèron la premiera poissança de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocean_Indian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ocean Indian">Ocean Indian</a>.</p> <p>Tre leis ans 1440, organizèron aquel espaci segon lei teorias <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercantilisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercantilisme">mercantilistas</a> dau periòde. L'otramar foguèt utilizat per produrre o crompar de produchs exotics coma leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(cosina)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espècia (cosina)">espècias</a> o lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sucre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sucre">sucre</a> de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cana_de_sucre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cana de sucre">cana</a>. Coma la demografia portuguesa èra pas capable de provesir la man d'òbra necessària a l'esplecha d'aquelei territòri, l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esclavatge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esclavatge">esclavatge</a> apareguèt coma una solucion. Se generalizèt pauc a pauc amb lo renfòrçament portuguesa de la preséncia en Brasil.</p> <p>L'expansion <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">espanhòla</a> comencèt amb l'acabament de la <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reconquista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i> en 1492. Foguèt principalament l'òbra de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reiaume_de_Castelha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reiaume de Castelha">Castelha</a> que dispausava d'una importanta populacion de nobles paures amb una bòna educacion militara. Lei motivacions inicialas dau projècte èran la conversion au <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> dei populacions indigènas e la cèrca d'una rota dirècta vèrs l'« <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinastia_Yuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dinastia Yuan">Empèri dau Grand Khan</a> ». Obtenguèt rapidament un succès considerable amb la descubèrta d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="America">America</a> per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crist%C3%B2l_Colomb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristòl Colomb">Cristòl Colomb</a> en octòbre de 1492. De rumors a prepaus de richessas sensa precedents coma la legenda d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Dorado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Dorado">El Dorado</a> encoratjèron leis expedicions.</p> <p>Tre leis ans 1510, la màger part dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grandeis_Antilhas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Grandeis Antilhas (la pagina existís pas)">Grandeis Antilhas</a> èran estadas conquistadas. Se leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euròpa">Europèus</a> aguèron de dificultats per s'adaptar au <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima_tropicau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Clima tropicau">clima tropicau</a>, l'introduccion de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vari%C3%B2la?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Variòla">variòla</a> sus lo continent american aguèt d'efiechs ben pus devastators per lei populacions indigènas<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De mai, lo nivèu tecnologic dei pòbles locaus èra feble, especialament dins lo domeni de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arma_(gu%C3%A8rra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arma (guèrra)">armament</a>. En 1519-1521, lo <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Conquistador&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Conquistador (la pagina existís pas)">conquistador</a></i> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a> poguèt ansin destrurre l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civilizacion_ast%C3%A8ca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civilizacion astèca">Empèri Astèc</a> e ocupar <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mexic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>. En 1532-1534, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a> l'imitèt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Per%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peró">Peró</a> amb la conquista de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Inca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Inca">Empèri Inca</a>.</p> <p>Aquelei succès permetèt a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> de trobar de richessas fòrça importantas (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aur">aur</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argent_(metal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argent (metal)">argent</a>, produchs exotics...). Per contentar la corona, lei <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Conquistador&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Conquistador (la pagina existís pas)">conquistadors</a></i> impausèron lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a>. Puei, organizèron lo territòri per permetre son esplecha. Pasmens, la violéncia dei tractaments infligits ais indigèns e leis epidemias de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malautiá">malautiás</a> importadas d'Euròpa la decimèron rapidament. Per compensar, leis Espanhòus foguèron tanben obligats d'instaurar l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esclavatge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esclavatge">esclavatge</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Leis_expansions_olandesas,_anglesas_e_francesas"><span id="Leis_expansions_olandesas.2C_anglesas_e_francesas"></span>Leis expansions olandesas, anglesas e francesas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Leis expansions olandesas, anglesas e francesas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Esclavatge_-_Com%C3%A8rci_mondiau_s%C3%A8gle_XVIII.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Esclavatge_-_Com%C3%A8rci_mondiau_s%C3%A8gle_XVIII.png/220px-Esclavatge_-_Com%C3%A8rci_mondiau_s%C3%A8gle_XVIII.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2727" data-file-height="2249"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 181px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Esclavatge_-_Com%C3%A8rci_mondiau_s%C3%A8gle_XVIII.png/220px-Esclavatge_-_Com%C3%A8rci_mondiau_s%C3%A8gle_XVIII.png" data-width="220" data-height="181" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Esclavatge_-_Com%C3%A8rci_mondiau_s%C3%A8gle_XVIII.png/330px-Esclavatge_-_Com%C3%A8rci_mondiau_s%C3%A8gle_XVIII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Esclavatge_-_Com%C3%A8rci_mondiau_s%C3%A8gle_XVIII.png/440px-Esclavatge_-_Com%C3%A8rci_mondiau_s%C3%A8gle_XVIII.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Comèrci mondiau d'esclaus durant lo sègle XVIII. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'expansion coloniala olandesa comencèt a la fin dau sègle XVI en causa de la lònga guèrra d'independéncia dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncias_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Províncias Unidas">Províncias Unidas</a>. A son origina, leis Olandés preferiguèron atacar lei convòis de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naviri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naviri">naviris</a> espanhòus de retorn d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="America">America</a>. Pasmens, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> renforcèt pauc a pauc seis escòrtas e leis Olandés deguèron organizar d'atacas dirèctas còntra lei comptadors pauc defenduts. Durant aqueu procès, se turtèron tanben ai <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugués</a> car Portugal e Espanha aguèron <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_Iberica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union Iberica">lo meteis sobeiran de 1580 a 1640</a>. Lo declin espanhòu favorizèt aquela expansion e leis Olandés enregistrèron de succès importants amb la fondacion de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="New York">Nòva Amsterdam</a> en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America_dau_N%C3%B2rd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="America dau Nòrd">America dau Nòrd</a>, la presa de quauqueis illas dins leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antilhas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antilhas">Antilhas</a>, la fondacion de la colonia dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lo_Cap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lo Cap">Cap</a>, l'installacion de comptadors en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ceilan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceilan">Ceilan</a> e la presa de quauqueis ponchs fortificats en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insul%C3%ADndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insulíndia">Insulíndia</a>.</p> <p>L'expansion anglesa foguèt iniciada durant lo rèine d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elisab%C3%A8t_I_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elisabèt I d'Anglatèrra">Elisabèt I d'Anglatèrra</a> (1558-1603). Foguèt una consequéncia dau desvolopament de la marina marchanda anglesa e, coma per leis Olandés, dei rivalitats amb <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">Espanha</a>. L'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America_dau_N%C3%B2rd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="America dau Nòrd">America dau Nòrd</a>, leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antilhas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antilhas">Antilhas</a> e leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Índias">Índias</a> ne'n foguèron leis objectius principaus. A respècte deis autrei país europèus, una particularitat de la politica coloniala anglesa foguèt l'importància donada au poblament dei colonias nòrd-americanas. D'efiech, per de rasons divèrsas (sovent religiosas), de miliers de colons fidèus de tendàncias religiosas mau vistas per leis autoritats quitèron <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> per viure pus liurament en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="America">America</a>.</p> <p>Enfin, la colonizacion francesa comencèt tre 1534 mai foguèt pus lenta car l'interès per l'otramar demorèt pus limitat. L'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America_dau_N%C3%B2rd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="America dau Nòrd">America dau Nòrd</a>, leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antilhas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antilhas">Antilhas</a> e leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índia">Índias</a> ne'n foguèron tanben lei luòcs principaus d'implantacion. Pasmens, un interès per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a> apareguèt egalament. Aqueleis esitacions entraïnèron de variacions importantas entre lei colonias. Dins leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antilhas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antilhas">Antilhas</a>, se metèt en plaça un modèl classic basat sus la produccion de produchs exotics (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sucre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sucre">sucre</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caf%C3%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cafè">cafè</a>...) amb una utilizacion d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esclavatge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esclavatge">esclaus</a>. En revènge, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queb%C3%A8c?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quebèc">Quebèc</a> o ais Índias, lei relacions foguèron pus equilibradas amb leis indigèns. <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> perdiguèt la màger part de sei colonias nòrd-americanas e indianas a l'eissida de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_S%C3%A8t_Ans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra de Sèt Ans">Guèrra de Sèt Ans</a> (1756-1763). <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lo%C3%AFsiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loïsiana">Loïsiana</a> foguèt brèvament reconquistada après la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Independ%C3%A9ncia_Estatsunidenca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guèrra d'Independéncia Estatsunidenca">Guèrra d'Independéncia Estatsunidenca</a> (1776-1783) avans d'èsser venduda a <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Washington?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Washington">Washington</a> en 1803.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Leis_independéncias_estatsunidenca_e_sud-americanas"><span id="Leis_independ.C3.A9ncias_estatsunidenca_e_sud-americanas"></span>Leis independéncias estatsunidenca e sud-americanas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Leis independéncias estatsunidenca e sud-americanas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Au <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_dei_Lutz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle dei Lutz">sègle XVIII</a>, lo desvolopament dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberalisme">liberalisme</a> entraïnèt l'abandon progressiu dau sistèma <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercantilisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercantilisme">mercantilista</a>. Au nivèu politic, favorizèt de demandas de presa en còmpte pus importantas deis interès dei colonias dins la politica de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Metrop%C3%B2li&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Metropòli (la pagina existís pas)">metropòli</a>. Dins lo domeni economic, lei teorias d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adam_Smith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> e de sei precursors mostrèron lei limits de la pensada mercantilista e menèron a una contestacion dau monopòli comerciau entre la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Metrop%C3%B2li&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Metropòli (la pagina existís pas)">metropòli</a> e sei colonias. D'origina multipla, aquela crisi entraïnèt la disparicion de la màger part deis empèris coloniaus americans a la fin dau sègle XVIII e au començament dau sègle XIX.</p> <p>Dins lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tretze_Colonias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tretze Colonias">Tretze Colonias</a> anglesas d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America_dau_N%C3%B2rd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="America dau Nòrd">America dau Nòrd</a>, l'origina dau conflicte foguèron lei despensas importantas de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_S%C3%A8t_Ans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra de Sèt Ans">Guèrra de Sèt Ans</a>. Principalament menada per defendre lei colonias còntra <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>, aviá entraïnat de problemas financiers en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>. <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a> decidèt donc de crear d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%B2st?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impòst">impòsts</a> especiaus dins sei colonias mai se turtèt au refús dei colons. En cambi d'aquelei taxas novèlas, volián obtenir una representacion au Parlament de Londres. En 1775, de trèbols menèron a una guèrra entre lei colonias, que se declarèron independentas sota lo nom d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units d'America</a>, e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>. Sostenguts per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> e lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncias_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Províncias Unidas">Províncias Unidas</a>, leis Estatsunidencs ganhèron. Puei, amb lei guèrras revolucionàrias e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rras_napoleonencas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guèrras napoleonencas">napoleonencas</a>, un movement similar aguèt luòc en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America_dau_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="America dau Sud">America dau Sud</a>. Entre 1810 e 1825, la quasi totalitat dei colonias espanhòlas de la region venguèron independentas. Brasil l'imitèt entre 1821 e 1824.</p> <p>Dins lei tres cas, l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a> foguèt una volontat deis elèits politics dei colonias<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Laissèron en plaça leis estructuras socialas existentas, coma l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esclavatge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esclavatge">esclavatge</a> o l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia">economia</a> d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exportacion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exportacion">exportacions</a> vèrs Euròpa. Dins l'èx-Empèri Espanhòu, lo vuege politic causat per la disparicion de la tutèla de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> entraïnèt una instabilitat politica quasi permanenta marcada per la multiplicacion dei còps d'Estat. L'excepcion unica foguèt lo nòrd deis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a> que s'industrializèt a partir de la fin de la premiera mitat dau sègle XIX. Dins aquò, lei tensions entre l'elèit industriau dau Nòrd e aquela dei plantaires dau Sud venguèt la fònt d'un conflicte intèrne que foguèt reglat en 1865 per la victòria dei Nordistas durant la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Secession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guèrra de Secession">Guèrra de Secession</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lo_periòde_imperialista"><span id="Lo_peri.C3.B2de_imperialista"></span>Lo periòde imperialista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo periòde imperialista" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="La_sistematizacion_de_la_colonizacion_europèa"><span id="La_sistematizacion_de_la_colonizacion_europ.C3.A8a"></span>La sistematizacion de la colonizacion europèa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La sistematizacion de la colonizacion europèa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Dins lo corrent dau sègle XIX, lo desvolopament de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria">industria</a> e dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capitalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a> foguèt a l'origina d'un renovelament dau discors coloniau. Per sei partisans, l'objectiu èra desenant d'assegurar l'accès ai matèrias premieras necessàrias ai produccions nacionalas e lo contraròtle de mercats permetent d'exportar lei produccions. Per justificar aquela politica, l'interès missionari demorèt fòrça actiu amb una rivalitat francobritanica per difusar lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolicisme</a> o lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestantisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestantisme">protestantisme</a>. De teorias racialas apareguèron tanben per justificar la superioritat de « l'òme blanc » sus lei pòbles envaïts.</p> <p>A partir deis ans 1870-1880, aquelei concepcions entraïnèron una corsa entre país europèus per aquistar de territòris novèus en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a>, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a> o en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>. Franc de quauqueis excepcions coma <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etiopia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tail%C3%A0ndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tailàndia">Siam</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>, la màger part deis Estats d'aquelei continents foguèron destruchs o plaçats sota protectorat. Lo venceire principau d'aquela rivalitat foguèt lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reialme_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> que capitèt de conquistar un empèri de 40 milions de quilomètres carrats. <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> ocupèt un espaci de 13 milions de quilomètres carrats mai dispausava dau premier domeni <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">african</a>. Leis autrei país europèus foguèron distanciats mai <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alemanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgica">Belgica</a>, lei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Païses Basses">País Bas</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A0lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> poguèron constituïr de colonias importantas dins certanei regions d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a> o d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="L'aparicion_d'autreis_imperialismes"><span id="L.27aparicion_d.27autreis_imperialismes"></span>L'aparicion d'autreis imperialismes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'aparicion d'autreis imperialismes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A partir dau sègle XVII, l'expansionisme europèu dins l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocean_Indian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ocean Indian">Ocean Indian</a> deguèt faciar aqueu d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oman">Oman</a> que menèt una tiera de guèrra còntra <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> per establir de comptadors comerciaus lòng dau litorau orientau d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a>. La logica sostenent aquelei conquistas èra relativament similara au <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercantilisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercantilisme">mercantilisme</a> europèu. Pasmens, lo poder omanés declinèt au sègle XIX e un conflicte dinastic s'acabèt amb una scission entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oman">Oman</a> e son empèri maritim en 1861. Sei comptadors <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">africans</a> passèron sota lo contraròtle dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sultanat_de_Zanzibar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sultanat de Zanzibar">Sultanat de Zanzibar</a> que foguèt plaçat sota protectorat britanic en 1890.</p> <p>Durant la segonda mitat dau sègle XIX, l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria">industrializacion</a> rapida deis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a> e de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a> entraïnèron en revènge l'emergéncia de dos poders imperialistas modèrnes non europèus. Leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a> se concentrèron en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="America">America</a> e dins l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocean_Pacific?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ocean Pacific">Ocean Pacific</a>. Prenguèron lo contraròtle d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hawaii?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> e, a l'eissida d'una guèrra còntra <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">Espanha</a>, de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> e dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filipinas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filipinas">Filipinas</a>. <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a> assaièt de trobar lei ressorsas necessàrias au foncionament de son industria. Per aquò, menèt de guèrras còntra China e Russia per prendre lo contraròtle de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A8a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corèa">Corèa</a> e de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Formosa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Formosa">Formosa</a>. Aprofichèt tanben la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiera_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiera Guèrra Mondiala">Premiera Guèrra Mondiala</a> per obtenir la cession de quauquei possessions alemandas situadas dins lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocean_Pacific?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ocean Pacific">Pacific</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_descolonizacion">La descolonizacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La descolonizacion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La descolonizacion descriu la fragmentacion progressiva deis empèris coloniaus europèus. Foguèt un fenomèn lòng que durèt aperaquí un sègle entre la fin dau sègle XIX e leis ans 1960-1970. Sei modalitats foguèron fòrça variadas segon lei país e lei tipes de colonizacion.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="L'independéncia_dei_dominions"><span id="L.27independ.C3.A9ncia_dei_dominions"></span>L'independéncia dei <i>dominions</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : L'independéncia dei dominions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a> dei <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominion">dominions</a> britanics foguèt un procès lòng caracterizat per la cession progressiva de drechs mai e mai importants ais autoritats localas per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>. Pasmens, lo [Reialme Unit|Reiaume Unit]] i gardèt d'avantatges importants. De mai, la proximitat ideologica entre leis elèits britanics e coloniaus mantenguèt aquelei país dins l'orbita britanica. Per exemple, existís plusors cas d'òmes politics aguent realizat de carrieras simultanèas au Reiaume Unit e dins un dominion.</p> <p>Lei dominions gardèron donc una politica estrangiera alinhada sus la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diplomacia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diplomacia">diplomacia</a> britanica fins a la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a> (1939-1945). En particular, participèron ai dos conflictes mondiaus dins lo camp deis Aliats. De liames juridics foguèron sovent mantenguts fins ais ans 1960-1980. Per exemple, lo tèxte de basa dei lèis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitucion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitucion">constitucionalas</a> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canad%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canadà">canadencas</a> foguèron conservats per lo Parlament de Londres fins a 1982. Pasmens, au començament dau sègle XXI, totei lei dominions èran venguts totalament independents.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="La_disparicion_deis_empèris_coloniaus"><span id="La_disparicion_deis_emp.C3.A8ris_coloniaus"></span>La disparicion deis empèris coloniaus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : La disparicion deis empèris coloniaus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_(1945-1991).png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png/220px-Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="670"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 112px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png/220px-Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png/330px-Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png/440px-Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Colonizacion e descolonizacion d'Africa. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Après 1945, lo declin dei poissanças europèas entraïnèt la disparicion deis empèris coloniaus, principalament dins lo corrent deis ans 1950-1970. Tres movements principaus explican aqueu fenomèn. Lo premier regarda de protectorats aguent gardat una certana autonòmia intèrna. Poguèron aprofichar l'afebliment de la tutèla coloniala per obtenir de revisions deis acòrdis de protectorat e la restauracion de son <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a>. Per exemple, foguèt lo cas de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marròc">Marròc</a> qu'aviá conservat sa <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarquia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarquia">monarquia</a> e seis institucions, compres quauquei fòrças armadas. Lo segond movement foguèt puslèu a l'iniciativa dei poissanças imperialas. D'efiech, lo mantenement de la preséncia coloniala aviá sovent un còst important. Lei territòris economicament pauc interessants foguèron donc pus aisament abandonats. Per exemple, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> laissèt lei territòris formant l'AOF e l'AEF proclamar son independéncia en 1960.</p> <p>En revènge, certanei país refusèron l'independéncia de sei colonias o s'inquietèron d'una presa de poder per de guerilhas <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comunisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comunisme">comunistas</a>. Dins aquela situacion, de guèrras d'independéncia opausèron lo poder europèu ais independentistas. Lo premier conflicte d'aqueu tipe se debanèt en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Indochina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guèrra d'Indochina">Indochina</a> de 1946 a 1954. Sostengut per China, lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietminh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietminh">Vietminh</a> capitèt de batre un còrs expedicionari francéés a la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batalha_de_Dien_Bien_Phu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Batalha de Dien Bien Phu">batalha de Dien Bien Phu</a>. Aqueu succès encoratjèt d'autrei movements de chausir la lucha armada e de guèrras saunosas aguèron luòc en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argeria">Argeria</a>, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ang%C3%B2la?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angòla">Angòla</a>, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moçambic">Moçambic</a> o en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmania">Birmania</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lo_colonialisme_dempuei_leis_ans_1960">Lo colonialisme dempuei leis ans 1960</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo colonialisme dempuei leis ans 1960" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Lo_neocolonialisme">Lo neocolonialisme</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo neocolonialisme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail general"> Article principal : <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Neocolonialisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Neocolonialisme (la pagina existís pas)">Neocolonialisme</a>. </div> <p>Lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Neocolonialisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Neocolonialisme (la pagina existís pas)">neocolonialisme</a> es una politica imperialista que permet a una poissança de gardar una influéncia majora sus lo foncionament d'una colonia venguda independenta. Es mau definida car sei practicas varian fòrça segon lei luòcs e leis epòcas. Son objectiu es de permetre ais interès de l'anciana poissança coloniala de predominar per accedir a de ressorsas naturalas, a un mercat o una posicion estrategica. De pressions mai o mens dirèctas son sovent exercidas per metre en plaça un <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> favorable a l'èx-metropòli.</p> <p>Lo cas pus conegut de neocolonialisme es aqueu dei relacions establidas per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> amb la màger part dei país eissits de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa_Eq%C3%BCatoriala_Francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa Eqüatoriala Francesa">Africa Eqüatoriala Francesa</a> e de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Africa_Occidentala_Francesa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Africa Occidentala Francesa (la pagina existís pas)">Africa Occidentala Francesa</a>. D'efiech, aqueleis Estats son encara liats per d'acòrds economics e militars amb <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Par%C3%ADs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> que permèton ai Francés d'aver una influéncia determinanta sus seis afaires intèrnes. Aquò a menat a l'organizacion de mai d'un còp d'Estat o de mai d'una intervencion militara destinat a mantenir en plaça leis interès francés dins la region.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Lo_cas_israelian">Lo cas israelian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo cas israelian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lo cas de la colonizacion de certanei territòris <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">palestinians</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siria">sirians</a> per <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isra%C3%A8l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israèl">Israèl</a> es una situacion fòrça particulara dins lo monde actuau. D'efiech, dins lo quadre dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conflicte_araboisraelian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conflicte araboisraelian">conflicte araboisraelian</a>, leis Israelians son a menar una politica d'ocupacion sistematica dei zònas conquistadas per de colons per n'assegurar lo contraròtle efectiu. Similiar ai metòdes de colonizacion antics e medievaus de presa de possession d'un territòri annexat, aquela <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politica">politica</a> es a l'origina de tensions fòrtas en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orient_Mejan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orient Mejan">Orient Mejan</a>. De mai, engendra d'accusacions recurrentas de crimes de guèrra o de crimes còntra l'Umanitat car lei drechs fondamentaus dei Palestinians son son regularament violats.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Leis_autrei_movements_de_colonizacion">Leis autrei movements de colonizacion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Leis autrei movements de colonizacion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En fòra dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Neocolonialisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Neocolonialisme (la pagina existís pas)">neocolonialisme</a> e de la situacion en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>, lo colonialisme es encara present dins mai d'una region. Ben sovent, aquelei zònas son lo teatre de conflictes mai o mens actius per lor contraròtle. Per exemple, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sahara_Occidentau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara Occidentau">Sahara Occidentau</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marròc">Marròc</a> es a favorizar l'installacion d'abitants marroquins per s'assegurar una majoritat demografica dins aqueu territòri independentista. En <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RPC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="RPC">China</a>, de Chinés Han, l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etnia">etnia</a> majoritària dau país, son installats dins de regions perifericas ont existisson de movements indepentistas coma <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>. Ansin, lo fach coloniau, mens present dins lo monde dempuei la disparicion deis empèris europèus, demòra una dimension importanta de la politica internacionala de certanei regions.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Lei_consequéncias_dau_colonialisme"><span id="Lei_consequ.C3.A9ncias_dau_colonialisme"></span>Lei consequéncias dau colonialisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei consequéncias dau colonialisme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Practica fòrça frequenta durant la màger part de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istòria">istòria</a> umana, lo colonialisme es desenant vist d'una maniera fòrça negativa en causa de son impacte sus la vida dei populacions autoctònas. Sa mesa en òbra es donc reprimit per lo drech internacionau que considèra leis actes coloniaus coma de crimes de guèrra o de crimes còntra l'Umanitat.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Consequéncias_economicas"><span id="Consequ.C3.A9ncias_economicas"></span>Consequéncias economicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Consequéncias economicas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Inicialament, lo colonialisme a d'efiechs negatius sus l'economia dau territòri ocupat car son desvolopament es organizat per contentar lei besonhs de sa metropòli. Durant l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a>, lei consequéncias èran sovent limitadas en causa dei distàncias que permetián a la colonia d'aquistar rapidament son autonòmia. En revènge, lei país eissits de la colonizacion europèa dei periòdes mercantilistas e capitalistas an encara de fragilitats economicas que son de consequéncias d'aquela dominacion (importància dei matèrias premieras, produccions orientadas vèrs l'exportacion...).</p> <p>Pasmens, per lei poissanças colonialas, lo bilanç economic de la colonizacion èra egalament rarament positiu car lei còsts èran sovent importants. La presa de possession necessitava generalament l'entretenança d'una <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marina_militara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marina militara">marina militara</a> capabla d'assegurar l'avitalhament dei territòris alunchats, lo mantenement de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garnison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garnison">garnisons</a> e la formacion d'una administracion. Per redurre lei despensas, l'usatge d'indigèns èra frequent. Pasmens, d'autreis investiments consequents èran necessaris per explorar lei territòris e organizar son esplecha. L'objectiu èra la descubèrta de matèrias premieras mai aquò permetiá pas de rentabilizar lei sòmas inicialas. Aquela dificultat financiera de mantenir una preséncia otramar explica ansin en partida l'abandon rapide dei colonias après 1945.</p> <p>A tèrme pus lòng, lei consequéncias <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia">economicas</a> dau colonialisme son complèxas de determinar. Pòdon èsser a l'origina de liames fòrts entre leis èx-metropòli e èx-colonias coma es lo cas au sen dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commonwealth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a>. Dins aquò, a l'ora d'ara, leis efiechs de l'esplecha coloniala demòran sovent importants, especialament dins lei regions que foguèron especializadas duns un tipe de produccion donada. Per exemple, aquò explica l'implantacion de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cana_de_sucre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cana de sucre">cana de sucre</a> o de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banana">banana</a> dins leis <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antilhas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antilhas">Antilhas</a> e la despendéncia d'aquelei territòris ai pretz dei produchs exportats. Enfin, la colonizacion a de còps laissat d'infrastructuras importantas coma de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%B2rt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Pòrt">pòrts</a>, de rotas o de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camin_de_f%C3%A8rre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camin de fèrre">camins de fèrre</a>. Pasmens, construchas dins l'interès de la poissança imperiala, son pas totjorn adaptadas ai besonhs actuaus de l'èx-colonia e gardan una influéncia majora sus l'organizacion de son territòri.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Consequéncias_demograficas"><span id="Consequ.C3.A9ncias_demograficas"></span>Consequéncias demograficas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Consequéncias demograficas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lei consequéncias demograficas de la colonizacion son multiplas. Durant lo periòde de conquista e d'esplecha, son sovent fòrça negativas per lei populacions autoctònas que pòdon disparéisser en causa de l'arribada de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malautiá">malautiás</a> novèlas e dei violéncias engendradas per lei combats e lei trabalhs fòrçats. Après aqueu periòde de crisi, la region colonizada vetz l'installacion de populacions novèlas (colons o esclaus). Gràcias ai progrès tecnics e medicaus, aquela evolucion es sovent acompanhada per una creissença demografica. Se de populacions indigènas an subreviscut, pòdon tanben veire sa talha aumentar tornarmai. De còps, de populacions pòdon egalament migrar au sen d'un meteis espaci coloniau per aprofichar d'oportunitats economicas. Aquelei fenomèns son importants per explicar l'origina e l'estructura de la populacion de mai d'un país.</p> <p>Après 1945, son apareguts de movements novèus dei colonias (o èx-colonias) vèrs la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Metrop%C3%B2li&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Metropòli (la pagina existís pas)">metropòli</a>. Pòdon s'explicar per la cèrca d'oportunitats economicas de part de populacions que partejan de trachs culturaus e educatius comuns amb aquela de l'èx-metropòli (Indopaquistanés vèrs lo Reiaume Unit, Africans vèrs França...). Aquelei flux son de còps encoratjats per lo país d'acuelh que pòu aver besonh de man d'òbra.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Consequéncias_politicas"><span id="Consequ.C3.A9ncias_politicas"></span>Consequéncias politicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Consequéncias politicas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Associat amb una politica de dominacion politica, militara e economica, la colonizacion es considerada coma un sistèma fòrça inegalitari a l'origina de violacions grèvas dei drechs umans fondamentaus. Uei, aquel eiretatge es ansin la fònt de tensions regularas entre certanei país e seis èx-colonias. Per exemple, es lo cas entre <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> e <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argeria">Argeria</a>. Pasmens, dins lo cas invèrs, lo passat coloniau pòu èsser a l'origina de l'establiment de relacions establas entre certanei país coma entre lo Reiaume Unit e lo <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commonwealth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a>.</p> <p>Dins mai d'una region, la colonizacion es una causa de conflictes dins lo monde actuau, especialament en causa de contestacions regardant lei traçats frontaliers o de tensions intèrnas a prepaus dau partiment dei richessas nacionalas.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Consequéncias_culturalas"><span id="Consequ.C3.A9ncias_culturalas"></span>Consequéncias culturalas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Consequéncias culturalas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Map_of_English_native_speakers.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/220px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="615"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 106px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/220px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png" data-width="220" data-height="106" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/330px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/440px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'expansion de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglés">anglés</a> dins lo monde actuau s'explica fòrça per la fondacion de colonias de poblament per lo Reiaume Unit entre lei sègles XVII e XIX en America dau Nòrd e en Oceania. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La premiera consequéncia culturala de la colonizacion es lingüistica amb la difusion de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lenga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lenga">lenga</a> dei colons dins lei regions colonizadas. Durant l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a>, aquò favorizèt l'expansion dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">latin</a>. Dins lo monde modèrne, explica la preséncia de lengas latinas (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francés">francés</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanh%C3%B2u?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanhòu">espanhòu</a>...) e de l'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglés">anglés</a> dins mai d'un país d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="America">America</a>, d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a> o d'<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>. Una autra consequéncia importanta es la difusion de la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> dau colonizator dins lei país colonizats. Aqueu fenomèn es a l'origina de l'expansion dau <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> entre lei sègles XVI e XIX.</p> <p>Dins certanei cas, lo drech deis èx-colonias es tanben fòrça marcat per aqueu de sa metropòli. Un exemple famós es aqueu dei territòris francés d'America dau Nòrd (<a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lo%C3%AFsiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loïsiana">Loïsiana</a>, <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queb%C3%A8c?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quebèc">Quebèc</a>) que presentan de particularitats juridicas importantas dins una region dominada per la <i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_law?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common law">common law</a></i>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Annèxas"><span id="Ann.C3.A8xas"></span>Annèxas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèxas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capitalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capitalisme">Capitalisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonia">Colonia</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Conquistador&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Conquistador (la pagina existís pas)">Conquistador</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominion">Dominion</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperialisme">Imperialisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberalisme">Liberalisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercantilisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercantilisme">Mercantilisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorat">Protectorat</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tracha_negriera&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tracha negriera (la pagina existís pas)">Tracha negriera</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tractats_inegaus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tractats inegaus">Tractats inegaus</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><b>(fr)</b> Sidi Mohammed Barkat, <i>Le Corps d'exception - Les artifices du pouvoir colonial et la destruction de la vie</i>, Paris, Editions Amsterdam, 2005 (sur l'indigénat et les massacres coloniaux).</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Yves Benot, <i>Massacres coloniaux : 1944-1950 : la IVe République et la mise au pas des colonies françaises</i>, La Découverte, 1995.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Carmen Bernand e Serge Gruzinski, <i>Histoire du Nouveau Monde</i>, Fayard, 1991.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Aimé Césaire, <i>Discours sur le colonialisme</i>, 1950.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Félicien Challaye, <i>Souvenirs sur la colonisation</i>, Les nuits rouges (rééd.), 1935.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Marc Ferro, <i>Le Livre noir du colonialisme</i>, Hachette, 2004.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Claude Liauzu (dir.), <i>Colonisation:droit d'inventaire</i>, Armand Colin, 2004.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Claude Liauzu, <i>Violence et colonisation</i>, Syllepse, 2003.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Gilles Manceron, <i>Marianne et les colonies : une introduction à l'histoire coloniale de la France</i>, La Découverte, 2003</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Albert Memmi, <i>Portrait du colonisé précédé du portrait du colonisateur</i>, 1957.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Arnaud Raffard de Brienne, <i>La Désinformation autour de la colonisation</i>, Éditions Fol Fer, 2007.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Ruggiero Romano, <i>Les Conquistadores, les mécanismes de la conquête coloniale</i>, Flammarion, 1972.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Pierre Singaravélou, <i>L'École française d'Extrême-Orient ou l'institution des marges. Essai d'histoire sociale et politique de la science coloniale (1898-1956)</i>, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1999, 382 paginas.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison, <i>Coloniser, exterminer</i>, Fayard, 2005.</li> <li><b>(fr)</b> Robert Louzon, <i>Cent ans de capitalisme, Algérie 1830-1930</i>, Acratie.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificar</span> </a> </span> </div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Per exemple, segon la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legenda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legenda">legenda</a>, aquò foguèt lo cas per la creacion de <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marselha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marselha">Marselha</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Se fau nòtar que lei colons pòdon egalament èsser exterminats dins lo cas d'una desfacha. Aquò es una situacion pauc frequenta mai de cas existisson.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D'efiech, en <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterranèa">Mediterranèa</a>, la fondacion de comptadors marchands èra una motivacion majora de la colonizacion.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dins certaneis endrechs, 90% de la populacion locala foguèt tuada per la <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malautiá">malautiá</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Una excepcion foguèt <a href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Haiti (la pagina existís pas)">Haiti</a> que veguèt la presa dau poder per l'elèit negre de l'illa. Pasmens, de guèrras civilas o de regims dictatoriaus entraïnèron de divisions intèrnas importantas e un afebliment de l'Estat, totjorn ben visible au començament dau sègle XXI.</span></li> </ol>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DColonialisme%26oldid%3D2455365">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&oldid=2455365</a> » </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://oc-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonialisme&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Nicolas Eynaud" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1732313911"> <span>Darrera modificació: 22 novembre de 2024 a les 22.18</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Llengües</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismus" title="Kolonialismus - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kolonialismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Colonialismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="استعمارية - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استعمارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="استعمار - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="استعمار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismu" title="Colonialismu - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Colonialismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializm" title="Kolonializm - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kolonializm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="ایستعمار - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایستعمار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Колониализм - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuoluon%25C4%2593l%25C4%2597zmos" title="Kuoluonēlėzmos - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuoluonēlėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Каланіялізм - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каланіялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Каляніялізм - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каляніялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D1%258A%25D0%25BC" title="Колониализъм - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Колониализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A6" title="উপনিবেশবাদ - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপনিবেশবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevadennouriezh" title="Trevadennouriezh - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trevadennouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonijalizam" title="Kolonijalizam - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kolonijalizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Колониализм - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Colonialisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Колониализм - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DB%2586%25D9%2584%25DB%2586%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25DA%25B5%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25D9%2585" title="کۆلۆنیاڵیزم - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆلۆنیاڵیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializm" title="Kolonializm - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kolonializm" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismus" title="Kolonialismus - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kolonialismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefedigaethrwydd" title="Trefedigaethrwydd - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Trefedigaethrwydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismus" title="Kolonialismus - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kolonialismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloniyalizm" title="Koloniyalizm - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Koloniyalizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CF%2580%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BA%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Αποικιοκρατία - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αποικιοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloniismo" title="Koloniismo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koloniismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colonialismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialism" title="Kolonialism - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolonialism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismo" title="Kolonialismo - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kolonialismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="استعمار - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استعمار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismi" title="Kolonialismi - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolonialismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colonialisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coil%25C3%25ADneachas" title="Coilíneachas - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coilíneachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonyalism" title="Kolonyalism - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kolonyalism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Colonialismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol%25C3%25B3nia_%25C3%25B1embopoguy" title="Kolónia ñembopoguy - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kolónia ñembopoguy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%2595%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%259D" title="קולוניאליזם - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קולוניאליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A6" title="उपनिवेशवाद - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपनिवेशवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upniweswaad" title="Upniweswaad - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Upniweswaad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonijalizam" title="Kolonijalizam - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kolonijalizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyarmatos%25C3%25ADt%25C3%25A1s" title="Gyarmatosítás - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyarmatosítás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B3%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B2%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25A1%25D6%2581%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B4" title="Գաղութացում - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գաղութացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismo" title="Kolonialismo - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kolonialismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloniismo" title="Koloniismo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Koloniismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25BDlendustefna" title="Nýlendustefna - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nýlendustefna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colonialismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25A4%258D%25E6%25B0%2591%25E5%259C%25B0%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E7%25BE%25A9" title="植民地主義 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="植民地主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2598" title="კოლონიალიზმი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოლონიალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2588%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D2%259B" title="Отаршылдық - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Отаршылдық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%258B%259D%25EB%25AF%25BC%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EC%259D%2598" title="식민주의 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식민주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Колониализм - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonyal%25C3%25AEzm" title="Kolonyalîzm - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kolonyalîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevesigoleth" title="Trevesigoleth - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Trevesigoleth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Колониализм - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismus" title="Colonialismus - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Colonialismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialissem" title="Kolonialissem - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kolonialissem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializmas" title="Kolonializmas - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kolonializmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni%25C4%2581lisms" title="Koloniālisms - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koloniālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC" title="Колонијализам - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Колонијализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25B3%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259A" title="കോളനിവാഴ്ച - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോളനിവാഴ്ച" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB" title="Колоничлол - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Колоничлол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A6" title="वसाहतवाद - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वसाहतवाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismus" title="Kolonialismus - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kolonialismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6" title="उपनिवेश - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उपनिवेश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitsamunda" title="Chitsamunda - nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chitsamunda" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25A6" title="ਬਸਤੀਵਾਦ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਸਤੀਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismo" title="Kolonialismo - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kolonialismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializm" title="Kolonializm - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolonializm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D9%2588_%25D8%25A2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C_%25D9%2586%25D8%25B8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585" title="نو آبادیاتی نظام - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نو آبادیاتی نظام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%259A%25DA%25A9%25DB%2590%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9" title="ښکېلاک - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښکېلاک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colonialismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialissem" title="Colonialissem - romanch" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Colonialissem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Колониализм - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Колоніалізм - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Колоніалізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Колониализм - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismu" title="Colonialismu - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Colonialismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culunialismu" title="Culunialismu - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Culunialismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D9%25BA%25DA%25AA%25D9%258A%25D8%25AA" title="بيٺڪيت - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بيٺڪيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonijalizam" title="Kolonijalizam - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kolonijalizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B6%25A7%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25A2%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25AF%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="යටත්විජිතවාදය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යටත්විජිතවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializmus" title="Kolonializmus - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kolonializmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializem" title="Kolonializem - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kolonializem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumeysi" title="Gumeysi - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gumeysi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializmi" title="Kolonializmi - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kolonializmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC" title="Колонијализам - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Колонијализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubusa_ngemakholonisi" title="Kubusa ngemakholonisi - swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Kubusa ngemakholonisi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonioalismus" title="Kolonioalismus - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kolonioalismus" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialism" title="Kolonialism - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolonialism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukoloni" title="Ukoloni - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ukoloni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="குடியேற்றவியம் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடியேற்றவியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%2598%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2593%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A1" title="ลัทธิอาณานิคม - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลัทธิอาณานิคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonyalismo" title="Kolonyalismo - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kolonyalismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25B6m%25C3%25BCrgecilik" title="Sömürgecilik - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sömürgecilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Колониализм - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Колоніалізм - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колоніалізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D9%2588_%25D8%25A2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C_%25D9%2586%25D8%25B8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585" title="نو آبادیاتی نظام - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نو آبادیاتی نظام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustamlakachilik" title="Mustamlakachilik - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mustamlakachilik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25E1%25BB%25A7_ngh%25C4%25A9a_th%25E1%25BB%25B1c_d%25C3%25A2n" title="Chủ nghĩa thực dân - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa thực dân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colnijhaedje" title="Colnijhaedje - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Colnijhaedje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonyalismo" title="Kolonyalismo - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kolonyalismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25AE%2596%25E6%25B0%2591%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E4%25B9%2589" title="殖民主义 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="殖民主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2598" title="კოლონიალიზმი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოლონიალიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%259D" title="קאלאניאליזם - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאלאניאליזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigminzcujyi" title="Cigminzcujyi - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cigminzcujyi" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25AE%2596%25E6%25B0%2591%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E4%25B9%2589" title="殖民主义 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="殖民主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%25CC%258Dt-b%25C3%25AEn-ch%25C3%25BA-g%25C4%25AB" title="Si̍t-bîn-chú-gī - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Si̍t-bîn-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25AE%2596%25E6%25B0%2591%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E7%25BE%25A9" title="殖民主義 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="殖民主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" alt="Wikipèdia" width="120" 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