Eetrid – Vikipeedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nomenklatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenklatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nomenklatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenklatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Füüsikalised_omadused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Füüsikalised_omadused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Füüsikalised omadused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Füüsikalised_omadused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasutusalad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasutusalad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kasutusalad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasutusalad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keemilised_omadused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keemilised_omadused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Keemilised omadused</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Keemilised_omadused-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Keemilised omadused"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Keemilised_omadused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peroksiidide_teke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peroksiidide_teke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><b>Peroksiidide teke</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peroksiidide_teke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Happeline_lõhestumine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Happeline_lõhestumine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><b>Happeline lõhestumine</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Happeline_lõhestumine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eetrid_Lewisi_alustena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eetrid_Lewisi_alustena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Eetrid Lewisi alustena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eetrid_Lewisi_alustena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saamine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saamine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Saamine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Saamine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Saamine"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Saamine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Williamsoni_ja_Ullmanni_eetrisüntees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Williamsoni_ja_Ullmanni_eetrisüntees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Williamsoni ja Ullmanni eetrisüntees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Williamsoni_ja_Ullmanni_eetrisüntees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intermolekulaarne_dehüdraatimine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intermolekulaarne_dehüdraatimine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Intermolekulaarne dehüdraatimine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intermolekulaarne_dehüdraatimine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teised_meetodid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teised_meetodid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Teised meetodid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teised_meetodid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ohutus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ohutus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ohutus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ohutus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasutatud_allikad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasutatud_allikad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kasutatud allikad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasutatud_allikad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisukord" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eetrid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 76 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter_(chemie)" title="Eter (chemie) – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eter (chemie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%B1" title="إيثر – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيثر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sad%C9%99_efirl%C9%99r" title="Sadə efirlər – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sadə efirlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter" title="Eter – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter" title="Eter – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Eter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ইথার – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইথার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Простыя эфіры – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Простыя эфіры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Простыя этэры – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Простыя этэры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter" title="Eter – keskbikoli" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Eter" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="keskbikoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter" title="Eter – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Eter" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Етер (химия) – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Етер (химия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88ter" title="Èter – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Èter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethery" title="Ethery – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ethery" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether" title="Ether – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ether" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether_(kemi)" title="Ether (kemi) – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ether (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether" title="Ether – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ether" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Αιθέρες – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αιθέρες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether" title="Ether – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ether" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ter_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Éter (química) – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Éter (química)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etero_(kemio)" title="Etero (kemio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Etero (kemio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eterrak" title="Eterrak – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eterrak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="اتر – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ther-oxyde" title="Éther-oxyde – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Éther-oxyde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89itear" title="Éitear – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éitear" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ter" title="Éter – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Éter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%B0" title="ઈથર – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈથર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%84%B0" title="에터 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Եթերներ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եթերներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0" title="ईथर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईथर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eteri" title="Eteri – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Eteri" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethere" title="Ethere – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ethere" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eteri" title="Eteri – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eteri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="אתר (כימיה) – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אתר (כימיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%88%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಈಥರ್‍ಗಳು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಈಥರ್‍ಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ეთერი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეთერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жай эфирлер – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жай эфирлер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aether_(chemica)" title="Aether (chemica) – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aether (chemica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92teri" title="Ēteri – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ēteri" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eteriai" title="Eteriai – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Eteriai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ter_(k%C3%A9mia)" title="Éter (kémia) – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Éter (kémia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Етер – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Етер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether" title="Ether – fidži" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ether" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidži" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether_(scheikunde)" title="Ether (scheikunde) – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ether (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8)" title="इथर (रसायन) – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इथर (रसायन)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="エーテル (化学) – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エーテル (化学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter_(kjemi)" title="Eter (kjemi) – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eter (kjemi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eterar" title="Eterar – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eterar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A8r_(quimia)" title="Etèr (quimia) – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Etèr (quimia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efirlar" title="Efirlar – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Efirlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B0" title="ਈਥਰ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਈਥਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="ایتھر – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایتھر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ايتر – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايتر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether" title="Ether – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ether" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etery" title="Etery – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Etery" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ter" title="Éter – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Éter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter" title="Eter – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Eter" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Простые эфиры – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Простые эфиры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eteri" title="Eteri – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Eteri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ter_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Éter (chémia) – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Éter (chémia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter" title="Eter – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Eter" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Етар (хемија) – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Етар (хемија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etar_(hemija)" title="Etar (hemija) – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Etar (hemija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eetterit" title="Eetterit – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eetterit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrar" title="Etrar – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Etrar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஈதர் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈதர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="ఈథరు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఈథరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อีเทอร์ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อีเทอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether" title="Ether – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ether" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter" title="Eter – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B4%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бөдүүн эфирлер – tõva" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Бөдүүн эфирлер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tõva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Етери – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Етери" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%9A" title="醚 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="醚" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eter" title="Eter – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Eter" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%9A" title="醚 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="醚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%9A" title="醚 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="醚" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%9A" title="醚 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="醚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q103230#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eetrid" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Eetrid" rel="discussion" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&oldid=6824017" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=Eetrid&id=6824017&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEetrid"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEetrid"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ethers" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q103230" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ether-(general).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ether-%28general%29.png/220px-Ether-%28general%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ether-%28general%29.png/330px-Ether-%28general%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ether-%28general%29.png/440px-Ether-%28general%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1744" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption>Eetri üldvalem</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Eetrid</b> on <a href="/wiki/Orgaaniline_%C3%BChend" class="mw-redirect" title="Orgaaniline ühend">orgaanilised ühendid</a>, mille <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekulis</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hapnik" title="Hapnik">hapniku</a><a href="/wiki/Aatom" title="Aatom">aatomi</a> kaudu teineteisega seotud kaks <a href="/wiki/Alk%C3%BC%C3%BClr%C3%BChm" title="Alküülrühm">alküülrühma</a> või ka muud <a href="/wiki/Asendusr%C3%BChm" title="Asendusrühm">asendusrühma</a>, välja arvatud <a href="/wiki/Funktsionaalr%C3%BChm" title="Funktsionaalrühm">funktsionaalrühmad</a>. </p><p>Üldvalem: <b>R–O–R´</b> (R ja R´ on ühe- või erisugused <a href="/wiki/Alk%C3%BC%C3%BClr%C3%BChm" title="Alküülrühm">alküül</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Alken%C3%BC%C3%BClr%C3%BChm" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkenüülrühm">alkenüül</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%BC%C3%BClr%C3%BChm" title="Arüülrühm">arüül</a>- või harvem ka muud rühmad). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenklatuur">Nomenklatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Nomenklatuur"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Nomenklatuur" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eetrite nimetused tuletatakse vastavalt <a href="/wiki/Orgaanilise_keemia_nomenklatuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Orgaanilise keemia nomenklatuur">süstemaatilisele nomenklatuurile</a>. Eetrite nimetamisel loetletakse hapnikuaatomiga seotud rühmad tähestikulises järjekorras ja lisatakse lõppu liide "-eeter". Kui mõlemad keskse hapnikuaatomiga seotud rühmad on võrdsed (näiteks mõlemad on <a href="/wiki/Et%C3%BC%C3%BClr%C3%BChm" title="Etüülrühm">etüülrühmad</a>), siis ei kasutata uute reeglite kohaselt enam eesliidet "di-": näiteks mitte "dietüüleeter", vaid lihtsalt "etüüleeter". </p><p>Keerukamate struktuuride ja alati mõne põhirühma olemasolu korral loetaks põhirühma sisaldav molekuli osa <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCvi%C3%BChend" title="Tüviühend">tüviühendiks</a> ning sellele eelneb eesliide "alkoksü-". </p><p>Tsüklilistest eetritest nimetatakse kolmeliikmelist tsüklit <a href="/wiki/Oksiraan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksiraan">oksiraaniks</a> ehk epoksiidiks ja kasutatakse liiteid "-oksiraan", "epoksü-" või "-oksiid". Neljalülilist küllastunud ahelaga tsüklilist eetrit nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Oksetaan" title="Oksetaan">oksetaaniks</a> ja viielülilist <a href="/wiki/Tetrah%C3%BCdrofuraan" title="Tetrahüdrofuraan">tetrahüdrofuraaniks</a>. </p><p>Näiteid: </p> <ul><li>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> – eeter ehk <a href="/wiki/Diet%C3%BC%C3%BCleeter" title="Dietüüleeter">dietüüleeter</a></li> <li>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Et%C3%BC%C3%BClprop%C3%BC%C3%BCleeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etüülpropüüleeter (pole veel kirjutatud)">etüülpropüüleeter</a></li> <li>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=But%C3%BC%C3%BClmet%C3%BC%C3%BCleeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butüülmetüüleeter (pole veel kirjutatud)">butüülmetüüleeter</a></li> <li>CH<sub>3</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>Cl – <a href="/wiki/Kloromet%C3%BC%C3%BClmet%C3%BC%C3%BCleeter" title="Klorometüülmetüüleeter">klorometüülmetüüleeter</a></li> <li>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub> – metoksübenseen ehk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anisool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anisool (pole veel kirjutatud)">anisool</a></li> <li>O(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub> – <a href="/wiki/Tetrah%C3%BCdrofuraan" title="Tetrahüdrofuraan">tetrahüdrofuraan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Füüsikalised_omadused"><span id="F.C3.BC.C3.BCsikalised_omadused"></span>Füüsikalised omadused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Füüsikalised omadused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Füüsikalised omadused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eetrid on omapärase lõhnaga <a href="/wiki/Vedelik" title="Vedelik">vedelikud</a>, välja arvatud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimet%C3%BC%C3%BCleeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetüüleeter (pole veel kirjutatud)">dimetüüleeter</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C3%BC%C3%BClet%C3%BC%C3%BCleeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metüületüüleeter (pole veel kirjutatud)">metüületüüleeter</a>, mis on <a href="/wiki/Toatemperatuur" title="Toatemperatuur">toatemperatuuril</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaas" title="Gaas">gaasid</a>. Eetrid on väga lenduvad. Vees lahustuvad nad vähe või üldse mitte, kuna ei sisalda hüdroksüülrühma vesinikke, mis saaks osaleda vesiniksidemetes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasutusalad">Kasutusalad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasutusalad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasutusalad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eetrid on head <a href="/wiki/Orgaaniline_%C3%BChend" class="mw-redirect" title="Orgaaniline ühend">orgaaniliste ühendite</a> <a href="/wiki/Lahusti" title="Lahusti">lahustid</a>. Neid kasutatakse ka mainitud ühendite <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_s%C3%BCntees" title="Keemiline süntees">sünteesimisel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parf%C3%BCmeeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parfümeeria (pole veel kirjutatud)">parfümeerias</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Meditsiin" title="Meditsiin">meditsiinis</a>. Eetreid kasutatakse veel lõhna- ja soojuskandjatena ning bensiinkatalüsaatori lisandina. Mõned eetrid, mille aurud on putukatele toksilised, kasutatakse <a href="/wiki/Insektitsiid" title="Insektitsiid">insektitsiididena</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Fumigatsioon" title="Fumigatsioon">fumigantidena</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keemilised_omadused">Keemilised omadused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Keemilised omadused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Keemilised omadused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peroksiidide_teke"><b>Peroksiidide teke</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Peroksiidide teke"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Peroksiidide teke" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eetrid on keemiliselt püsivamad ja väiksema keemilise aktiivsusega kui <a href="/wiki/Alkoholid" title="Alkoholid">alkoholid</a>. Eetrid oksüdeeruvad õhuhapniku toimel kergesti, moodustades hapnikuga seotud süsiniku aatomil <a href="/wiki/Peroksiidid" title="Peroksiidid">peroksiide</a>. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {X* + RCH2-O-CH2R -> HX + RCH(*)-O-CH2R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>X</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>RCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>R</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>HX</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>RCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {X* + RCH2-O-CH2R -> HX + RCH(*)-O-CH2R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/609654fc2805869adf7cdfd2a58a0f34c2651968" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:53.648ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {X* + RCH2-O-CH2R -> HX + RCH(*)-O-CH2R}}}"></span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {RCH(*)-O-CH2R + O2 -> RCH(OO*)-O-CH2R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>RCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>R</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>RCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OO</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {RCH(*)-O-CH2R + O2 -> RCH(OO*)-O-CH2R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d2dd6b5e3dc2dbd4e8aea7bdb9191190d033eb1b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:52.812ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {RCH(*)-O-CH2R + O2 -> RCH(OO*)-O-CH2R}}}"></span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {RCH(OO*)-O-CH2R + RCH2-O-CH2R -> RCH(OOH)-O-CH2R + RCH(*)-O-CH2R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>RCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OO</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>R</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>RCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>R</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>RCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OOH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>R</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>RCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {RCH(OO*)-O-CH2R + RCH2-O-CH2R -> RCH(OOH)-O-CH2R + RCH(*)-O-CH2R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f4f679e876b557007d0636220d7e41caf9bbaaa0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:94.497ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {RCH(OO*)-O-CH2R + RCH2-O-CH2R -> RCH(OOH)-O-CH2R + RCH(*)-O-CH2R}}}"></span> </p><p>Eetrite oksüdeerumine kujutab endast tõsist ohtu eetritega töötamisel, kuna <a href="/wiki/Destilleerimine" title="Destilleerimine">destilleerimise</a> käigus kogunevad hüdroperoksiidid võivad isegi vähese kuumutamise korral plahvatada. Seetõttu tuleb kõik hüdroperoksiidid enne destilleerimist hoolikalt eemaldada, kasutades redutseerivaid aineid, näiteks raua(II)- või tina(II)soolasid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Happeline_lõhestumine"><span id="Happeline_l.C3.B5hestumine"></span><b>Happeline lõhestumine</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Happeline lõhestumine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Happeline lõhestumine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eetrid lõhustuvad kuumutamisel temperatuurini 120–150 °C kontsentreeritud <a href="/wiki/Vesinikbromiidhape" title="Vesinikbromiidhape">vesinikbromiidhappe</a> (HBr) või <a href="/wiki/Vesinikjodiidhape" title="Vesinikjodiidhape">vesinikjodiidhappe</a> (HI) juuresolekul. Samadel karmidel tingimustel lõhustuvad ka fenoolide eetrid. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><b><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R-O-R' + HHal -> R-OH + R'-Hal}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mtext>R</mtext> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>HHal</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>R</mtext> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>Hal</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R-O-R' + HHal -> R-OH + R'-Hal}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ee85852b73e7940262f48b42e3504240534bb404" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:40.428ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R-O-R' + HHal -> R-OH + R'-Hal}}}"></span></b></i> </p><p>Reaktsioon toimub kas S<sub>N</sub>1- või S<sub>N</sub>2-mehhanismi järgi. Kui eeter sisaldab primaarseid või sekundaarseid alküülrühmi, toimub reaktsioon S<sub>N</sub>2-mehhanismi järgi, mille käigus bromiidi- või jodiidioon ründab eetri protoneeritud vormi (<a href="/wiki/Ooniumioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ooniumioon">ooniumiooni</a>) vähem asendatud süsinikuaatomit. Sellisel juhul iseloomustab lõhustumist kõrge regioselektiivsus ning tavaliselt moodustub ainult üks kahest võimalikust alkoholist (sekundaarne) ja primaarne alküülhalogeniid. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3CH2OCH(CH3)CH3 + HBr -> CH3CH2Br + CH3CH(CH3)OH}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>OCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>HBr</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>Br</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mtext>OH</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3CH2OCH(CH3)CH3 + HBr -> CH3CH2Br + CH3CH(CH3)OH}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f484dfa0a595a2a0dc1433c8d126cdf73ef0b58" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:69.258ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3CH2OCH(CH3)CH3 + HBr -> CH3CH2Br + CH3CH(CH3)OH}}}"></span> </p><p>Kloori- ja fluoriioonid on vees tugevalt solvateeritud vesiniksidemete tõttu ning neil puudub piisav nukleofiilsus, et happelistes tingimustes lihtetreid S<sub>N</sub>2-mehhanismi kaudu lõhustada. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eetrid, mis sisaldavad tertsiaarset alküülrühma, bensüülrühma või allüülrühma, reageerivad S<sub>N</sub>1-mehhanismi kaudu, moodustades vaheühendina karbokatiooni. Need reaktsioonid toimuvad leebemates tingimustes ning happelise katalüsaatori juuresolekul, milleks võib kasutada näiteks trifluoroäädikhapet (TFA) 0 °C juures. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H11OC(CH3)3 ->[H^+] C6H11OH +(CH3)2CH=CH2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>OC</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>H</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H11OC(CH3)3 ->[H^+] C6H11OH +(CH3)2CH=CH2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/187768537f3d795d9319d3e8b720148e641829ea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-top: -0.398ex; width:52.267ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H11OC(CH3)3 ->[H^+] C6H11OH +(CH3)2CH=CH2}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eetrid_Lewisi_alustena">Eetrid <a href="/wiki/Lewisi_happed_ja_alused" title="Lewisi happed ja alused">Lewisi alustena</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Eetrid Lewisi alustena"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Eetrid Lewisi alustena" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keemiliselt iseloomustab eetreid kõrge inertsus paljude reaktiivide, eriti aluselise iseloomuga ühendite suhtes. Nad ei lõhustu metalliorganiliste ühendite, hüdriidide, leelismetallide amiidide ega boraani- ja alumiiniumhüdriidi kompleksidega. Seetõttu on eetrid peaaegu asendamatud lahustitena magneesiumorgaaniliste ja teiste metalliorganiliste ühendite sünteesil, samuti alumiiniumhüdriididega ja nende derivaatidega toimuva redutseerimisreaktsioonide puhul. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eetrite lahustamisvõime põhineb nende omadustel kui tugevatel Lewisi alustel. Nad moodustavad väga stabiilseid komplekse tugevate <a href="/wiki/Lewisi_happed_ja_alused" title="Lewisi happed ja alused">Lewisi hapetega</a>, nagu BF<sub>3</sub>, AlBr<sub>3</sub>, AlR<sub>3</sub>, SbCl<sub>5</sub>, SbF<sub>5</sub>, SnCl<sub>4</sub>, ZnCl<sub>2</sub> jne, sageli suhtega 1:1 või 2:1. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {(CH3)2O + BF3 -> (CH3)2O*BF3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>BF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>BF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {(CH3)2O + BF3 -> (CH3)2O*BF3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/64eabc56180f29c0ca9f22840892f73a52711add" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:36.345ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {(CH3)2O + BF3 -> (CH3)2O*BF3}}}"></span> </p><p>Eetrid moodustavad halogeenidega komplekse, kus eeter mängib elektrondoonorrühma rolli, andes elektrone, samas kui halogeen on elektronaktseptorrühm, võttes elektrone. Näiteks joodilahus eetrites on pruunikas, samas aga alkaanides annab jood lilla värvi. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neeldumismaksimumi nihkumine komplekside moodustumisel võimaldab hinnata kompleksi tugevust. Lisaks tekib ultravioletses piirkonnas uus neelamispaik, mida nimetatakse laengu ülekanderibaks. Selliseid komplekse nimetatakse koordinatiivse doonor-aktseptorkompleksideks. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eetrid moodustavad trialküüloksooniumsooli, kui nad reageerivad väga tugevate alküleerivate ainetega. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R2O + RF + SbF5 -> R2O^+ SbF6-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>RF</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>SbF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <msubsup> <mtext>SbF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R2O + RF + SbF5 -> R2O^+ SbF6-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4a4fb3619f570b2f9a761ffa398f78ece94d7bd6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:35.433ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R2O + RF + SbF5 -> R2O^+ SbF6-}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saamine">Saamine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Saamine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Saamine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Williamsoni_ja_Ullmanni_eetrisüntees"><span id="Williamsoni_ja_Ullmanni_eetris.C3.BCntees"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamsoni_eetris%C3%BCntees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Williamsoni eetrisüntees (pole veel kirjutatud)">Williamsoni ja Ullmanni eetrisüntees</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Williamsoni ja Ullmanni eetrisüntees"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Williamsoni ja Ullmanni eetrisüntees" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sümmeetrilisi ja asümmeetrilisi eetreid saab valmistada Williamsoni reaktsiooni abil <a href="/wiki/Alkoholaadid" title="Alkoholaadid">alkoholaatide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenolaatioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenolaatioon">fenolaatide</a> või <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfonaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfonaat (pole veel kirjutatud)">sulfonaatide</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Alk%C3%BC%C3%BClhaliidid" title="Alküülhaliidid">alküülhaliidide</a> vahel. Reaktsioon on <a href="/wiki/Nukleofiilne_asendusreaktsioon" title="Nukleofiilne asendusreaktsioon">nukleofiilne asendamine</a> S<sub>N</sub>2-mehhanismi järgi, millele kehtivad vastavad seaduspärasused. Näiteks, kui lõpp-produktis on sekundaarne või tertsiaarne asendaja, tuleks see sisestada alkoholaatide, mitte halogeniidide abil, kuna vastasel juhul asetub asendamise asemel <a href="/wiki/Elimineerimisreaktsioon" title="Elimineerimisreaktsioon">elimineerimisreaktsioon</a>. Parimad alküülhaliidid selles reaktsioonis on primaarsed alküülhaliidid, samuti ka allüül- ja bensüülhaliidid. <sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {(C2H5)3CONa + CH3Br -> (C2H5)3COCH3 + NaBr}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>CONa</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>Br</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>COCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>NaBr</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {(C2H5)3CONa + CH3Br -> (C2H5)3COCH3 + NaBr}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aeb3b648ebbecf8800e8baa30b32fa06f360128d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:54.412ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {(C2H5)3CONa + CH3Br -> (C2H5)3COCH3 + NaBr}}}"></span> </p><p>Ullmanni eetrisüntees toimub samamoodi, kuid alküülhaliidide asemel kasutatakse arüülhaliide. Katalüsaatorina kasutatakse vaske või vasesooli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intermolekulaarne_dehüdraatimine"><span id="Intermolekulaarne_deh.C3.BCdraatimine"></span>Intermolekulaarne dehüdraatimine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Intermolekulaarne dehüdraatimine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Intermolekulaarne dehüdraatimine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Primaarsete alkoholide kuumutamisel kontsentreeritud väävelhappega temperatuuril 130–140 °C toimub reaktsioon mehhanismi järgi, kus alkohol alküleerub <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksooniumkatioon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksooniumkatioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">alkoksooniumkatiooni</a> (ROH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>) või väävelhappe vesinikestri (ROSO<sub>3</sub>H) toimel. <sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2CH3CH2OH ->[H_2SO_4] CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>S</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>OCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2CH3CH2OH ->[H_2SO_4] CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d034216278e621ffb9cf871702ff47c9e4f7a251" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-top: -0.326ex; width:49.164ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2CH3CH2OH ->[H_2SO_4] CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + H2O}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teised_meetodid">Teised meetodid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Teised meetodid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Teised meetodid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metüüleetreid saadakse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diasometaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diasometaan (pole veel kirjutatud)">diasometaani</a> ja alkoholi vahelise reaktsiooniga, kus katalüsaatorina kasutatakse <a href="/wiki/Lewisi_happed_ja_alused" title="Lewisi happed ja alused">Lewisi happeid</a> (boortrifluoriid, alumiiniumkloriid jne). Reaktsioon toimuks ka teiste diasoalküülühenditega. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {ROH + CH2N2 -> ROCH3 + N2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>ROH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>ROCH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {ROH + CH2N2 -> ROCH3 + N2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/90aff42b8e66380f0986a42ec71f2ebd9ab040df" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:34.103ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {ROH + CH2N2 -> ROCH3 + N2}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ohutus">Ohutus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Ohutus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Ohutus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eetritega ümberkäimisel tuleb eriti ettevaatlik olla, sest pikemaajalisel seismisel moodustuvad pudelis või muus anumas <a href="/wiki/Peroksiid" class="mw-redirect" title="Peroksiid">peroksiiditaolised</a> ained, mis võivad näiteks <a href="/wiki/Destilleerimine" title="Destilleerimine">destilleerimisel</a> plahvatada. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Diet%C3%BC%C3%BCleeter" title="Dietüüleeter">Dietüüleeter</a> on väga <a href="/wiki/Lenduvus" title="Lenduvus">lenduv</a> vedelik, millel on ebameeldivaid kõrvaltoimeid. Selle aurud on mürgised. Kuna see aine on õhust raskem, võib see allapoole koguneda ja <a href="/wiki/Hapnik" title="Hapnik">hapnikuga</a> reageerides <a href="/wiki/Plahvatus" title="Plahvatus">plahvatada</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasutatud_allikad">Kasutatud allikad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasutatud allikad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasutatud allikad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3">1,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4">1,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5">1,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6">1,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-7">1,7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-8">1,8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFКурцБрусоваДемьянович" class="citation web cs1">Курц, А Л.; Брусова, Г.П.; Демьянович, В.М. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chem.msu.su/rus/teaching/brusova/welcome.html#1">"ОДНО- И ДВУХАТОМНЫЕ СПИРТЫ, ПРОСТЫЕ ЭФИРЫ И ИХ СЕРНИСТЫЕ АНАЛОГИ"</a>. Москва-1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9E-+%D0%98+%D0%94%D0%92%D0%A3%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%9C%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%95+%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%98%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%AB%2C+%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%AB%D0%95+%D0%AD%D0%A4%D0%98%D0%A0%D0%AB+%D0%98+%D0%98%D0%A5+%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%AB%D0%95+%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%98&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-1999&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86&rft.aufirst=%D0%90+%D0%9B.&rft.au=%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C+%D0%93.%D0%9F.&rft.au=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%2C+%D0%92.%D0%9C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.msu.su%2Frus%2Fteaching%2Fbrusova%2Fwelcome.html%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AEetrid" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: CS1 hooldus: koht sisaldab numbrit (<a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_koht_sisaldab_numbrit" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: koht sisaldab numbrit">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFРеутовКурцБутин2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Реутов, О. А.; Курц, А. Л.; Бутин, К. П. (2014). <i>Органическая химия</i> (vene) (в 4 т.. — 5-е trükk). БИНОМ. <a href="/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_raamatu_standardnumber" title="Rahvusvaheline raamatu standardnumber">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/978-5-9963-1536-9" title="Eri:Raamatuotsimine/978-5-9963-1536-9"><bdi>978-5-9963-1536-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.edition=%D0%B2+4+%D1%82..+%E2%80%94+5-%D0%B5&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9C.&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-5-9963-1536-9&rft.aulast=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E.+%D0%90.&rft.au=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%2C+%D0%90.+%D0%9B.&rft.au=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%2C+%D0%9A.+%D0%9F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AEetrid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&action=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krooneetrid" title="Krooneetrid">Krooneetrid</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&oldid=6824017">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eetrid&oldid=6824017</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Eetrid" title="Kategooria:Eetrid">Eetrid</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_koht_sisaldab_numbrit" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: koht sisaldab numbrit">CS1 hooldus: koht sisaldab numbrit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_allikad_vene_keeles_(ru)" title="Kategooria:CS1 allikad vene keeles (ru)">CS1 allikad vene keeles (ru)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 20:19, 24. veebruar 2025.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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