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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Efficient_Ethernet" title="Energy Efficient Ethernet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Energy Efficient Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Ethernet" title="Green Ethernet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Green Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Ethernet" title="Green Ethernet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Green Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%ED%9A%A8%EC%9C%A8_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8D%94%EB%84%B7" title="에너지 효율 이더넷 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에너지 효율 이더넷" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Ethernet" title="Green Ethernet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Green Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Ethernet" title="Green Ethernet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Green Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Efficient_Ethernet" title="Energy Efficient Ethernet – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Energy Efficient Ethernet" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Ethernet" title="Green Ethernet – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Green Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Ethernet" title="Green Ethernet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Green Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Ethernet" title="Green Ethernet – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Green Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Ethernet" title="Green Ethernet – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Green Ethernet" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%83%BD%E6%95%88%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91" title="高能效以太网 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高能效以太网" data-language-autonym="中文" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Energy-Efficient_Ethernet&oldid=1078685350" title="Energy-Efficient Ethernet">Revision as of 20:22, 22 March 2022</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy-Efficient_Ethernet&action=edit&oldid=1078685350" title="Energy-Efficient Ethernet">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2022-03-22T20:22:01Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy-Efficient_Ethernet&action=edit&undoafter=1064287737&undo=1078685350" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:InternetArchiveBot" class="mw-userlink" title="User:InternetArchiveBot" data-mw-revid="1078685350"><bdi>InternetArchiveBot</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:InternetArchiveBot" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:InternetArchiveBot">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/InternetArchiveBot" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/InternetArchiveBot">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reviewing_pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Reviewing pending changes">Pending changes reviewers</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>5,355,645</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.6</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy-Efficient_Ethernet&diff=next&oldid=1078685350" title="Energy-Efficient Ethernet" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[File:Energy Efficient Ethernet.gif|thumb|right |alt=three green leaves with "e" |Logo of the study group and standard task force]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[File:Energy Efficient Ethernet.gif|thumb|right |alt=three green leaves with "e" |Logo of the study group and standard task force]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In [[computer network]]ing, '''Energy-Efficient Ethernet''' ('''EEE''') is a set of enhancements to [[twisted-pair]], [[twinaxial]], [[backplane]], and [[optical fiber]] [[Ethernet physical layer|Ethernet physical-layer variants]] that reduce power consumption during periods of low data activity.<ref>IEEE 802.3 Clause 78</ref> The intention is to reduce power consumption by 50% or more, while retaining full compatibility with existing equipment.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sean Michael Kerner |url= http://blog.internetnews.com/skerner/2009/07/energy-efficient-ethernet-hits.html |title=Energy Efficient Ethernet hits standards milestone&nbsp;— InternetNews:The Blog&nbsp;— Sean Michael Kerner |work= Internetnews blog |date= July 17, 2009 |access-date= July 5, 2011 }}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In [[computer network]]ing, '''Energy-Efficient Ethernet''' ('''EEE''') is a set of enhancements to [[twisted-pair]], [[twinaxial]], [[backplane]], and [[optical fiber]] [[Ethernet physical layer|Ethernet physical-layer variants]] that reduce power consumption during periods of low data activity.<ref>IEEE 802.3 Clause 78</ref> The intention is to reduce power consumption by 50% or more, while retaining full compatibility with existing equipment.<ref>{{Cite web |author=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins>Sean Michael Kerner |url= http://blog.internetnews.com/skerner/2009/07/energy-efficient-ethernet-hits.html |title=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins>Energy Efficient Ethernet hits standards milestone&nbsp;— InternetNews:The Blog&nbsp;— Sean Michael Kerner |work= Internetnews blog |date= July 17, 2009 |access-date= July 5, 2011<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> |archive-date= July 18, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090718212051/http://blog.internetnews.com/skerner/2009/07/energy-efficient-ethernet-hits.html |url-status= dead</ins> }}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE), through the '''IEEE 802.3az''' task force, developed the standard. The first study group had its call for interest in November 2006, and the official standards task force was authorized in May 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title= IEEE 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet Study Group|url= http://www.ieee802.org/3/eee_study/index.html |date= September 21, 2007 |access-date= July 5, 2011 }}</ref> The IEEE ratified the final standard in September 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.lightwaveonline.com/education/news/IEEE-ratifies-new-8023az-standard-to-reduce-network-energy-footprint--104392129.html |title= IEEE ratifies new 8023az standard to reduce network energy footprint |date= October 5, 2010 |work= Lightwaveonline.com |access-date= July 5, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111009011408/http://www.lightwaveonline.com/education/news/IEEE-ratifies-new-8023az-standard-to-reduce-network-energy-footprint--104392129.html |archive-date= October 9, 2011 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Some companies introduced technology to reduce the power required for Ethernet before the standard was ratified, using the name '''Green Ethernet'''.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE), through the '''IEEE 802.3az''' task force, developed the standard. The first study group had its call for interest in November 2006, and the official standards task force was authorized in May 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title= IEEE 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet Study Group|url= http://www.ieee802.org/3/eee_study/index.html |date= September 21, 2007 |access-date= July 5, 2011 }}</ref> The IEEE ratified the final standard in September 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.lightwaveonline.com/education/news/IEEE-ratifies-new-8023az-standard-to-reduce-network-energy-footprint--104392129.html |title= IEEE ratifies new 8023az standard to reduce network energy footprint |date= October 5, 2010 |work= Lightwaveonline.com |access-date= July 5, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111009011408/http://www.lightwaveonline.com/education/news/IEEE-ratifies-new-8023az-standard-to-reduce-network-energy-footprint--104392129.html |archive-date= October 9, 2011 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Some companies introduced technology to reduce the power required for Ethernet before the standard was ratified, using the name '''Green Ethernet'''.</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 20:22, 22 March 2022</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Power saving option for Ethernet network devices</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Energy_Efficient_Ethernet.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="three green leaves with "e"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/28/Energy_Efficient_Ethernet.gif" decoding="async" width="153" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="81" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the study group and standard task force</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a>, <b>Energy-Efficient Ethernet</b> (<b>EEE</b>) is a set of enhancements to <a href="/wiki/Twisted-pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Twisted-pair">twisted-pair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twinaxial" class="mw-redirect" title="Twinaxial">twinaxial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Backplane" title="Backplane">backplane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_physical_layer" title="Ethernet physical layer">Ethernet physical-layer variants</a> that reduce power consumption during periods of low data activity.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intention is to reduce power consumption by 50% or more, while retaining full compatibility with existing equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a> (IEEE), through the <b>IEEE 802.3az</b> task force, developed the standard. The first study group had its call for interest in November 2006, and the official standards task force was authorized in May 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IEEE ratified the final standard in September 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some companies introduced technology to reduce the power required for Ethernet before the standard was ratified, using the name <b>Green Ethernet</b>. </p><p>Some energy-efficient switch <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated circuits">integrated circuits</a> were developed before the IEEE 802.3az Energy-Efficient Ethernet standard was finalized.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brcm-een_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brcm-een-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potential_savings">Potential savings</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/IT_energy_management" title="IT energy management">IT energy management</a></div> <p>In 2005, all the <a href="/wiki/Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">network interface controllers</a> in the United States (in computers, switches, and routers) used an estimated 5.3 terawatt-hours of electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEESpectrum_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEESpectrum-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a researcher at the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory</a>, Energy-Efficient Ethernet can potentially save an estimated <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>450 million</span> a year in energy costs in the U.S. Most of the savings would come from homes (<span class="nowrap">$200 million</span>) and offices (<span class="nowrap">$170 million</span>), and the remaining <span class="nowrap">$80 million</span> from data centers.<sup id="cite_ref-EETimes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EETimes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concepts">Concepts</h2></div> <p>The power reduction is accomplished in a few ways. In <a href="/wiki/Fast_Ethernet" title="Fast Ethernet">Fast Ethernet</a> and faster links, constant and significant energy is used by the <a href="/wiki/Physical_layer" title="Physical layer">physical layer</a> as transmitters are active regardless of whether data is being sent. If they could be put into sleep mode when no data is being sent, that energy could be saved.<sup id="cite_ref-EETimes_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EETimes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the controlling software or firmware decides that no data needs to be sent, it can issue a low-power idle (LPI) request to the Ethernet controller physical layer <a href="/wiki/PHY" class="mw-redirect" title="PHY">PHY</a>. The PHY will then send LPI symbols for a specified time onto the link, and then disable its transmitter. Refresh signals are sent periodically to maintain link signaling integrity. When there is data to transmit, a normal IDLE signal is sent for a predetermined period of time. The data link is considered to be always operational, as the receive signal circuit remains active even when the transmit path is in sleep mode.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethernet:_The_Definitive_Guide_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethernet:_The_Definitive_Guide-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Green_Ethernet">Green Ethernet</h2></div> <p>Green Ethernet technology was a superset of the 802.3az standard. In addition to the link load power savings of Energy-Efficient Ethernet, Green Ethernet works in one of two ways. First, it detects link status, allowing each port on the switch to power down into a standby mode when a connected device, such as a computer, is not active. Second, it detects cable length and adjusts the power used for transmission accordingly. Standard switches provide enough power to send a signal up to 100 meters (330 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this is often unnecessary in the SOHO environment, where 5 to 10 meters (16 to 33 ft) of cabling are typical between rooms. Moreover, small data centers can also benefit from this approach since the majority of cabling is confined to a single room with a few meters of cabling among servers and switches. In addition to the pure power saving benefits of Green Ethernet, backing off the transmit power on shorter cable runs reduces alien crosstalk, and improves the overall performance of the cabling system. </p><p>Green Ethernet also encompasses the use of more efficient circuitry in Ethernet chips, and the use of <a href="/wiki/TCP_offload_engine" title="TCP offload engine">offload engines</a> on Ethernet interface cards intended for network servers.<sup id="cite_ref-brcm-een_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brcm-een-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2008, the term was used for switches, and, in July 2008, used with wireless routers which featured user-selectable off periods for <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> to further reduce energy consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Green Ethernet was first employed on home products. However, low port counts mean that significant energy savings are not going to be made using this technology only in the home. Turning off existing devices when they are idle is likely to provide a more immediate saving.<sup id="cite_ref-smallnetDGStest_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smallnetDGStest-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Projected power savings of up to 80 percent were estimated using Green Ethernet switches,<sup id="cite_ref-dlink2007_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dlink2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> translating into a longer product life due to reduced heat dissipation.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_computing" title="Green computing">Green computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Watt_Initiative" title="One Watt Initiative">One Watt Initiative</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE 802.3 Clause 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSean_Michael_Kerner2009" class="citation web cs1">Sean Michael Kerner (July 17, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718212051/http://blog.internetnews.com/skerner/2009/07/energy-efficient-ethernet-hits.html">"Energy Efficient Ethernet hits standards milestone — InternetNews:The Blog — Sean Michael Kerner"</a>. <i>Internetnews blog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.internetnews.com/skerner/2009/07/energy-efficient-ethernet-hits.html">the original</a> on July 18, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internetnews+blog&rft.atitle=Energy+Efficient+Ethernet+hits+standards+milestone+%E2%80%94+InternetNews%3AThe+Blog+%E2%80%94+Sean+Michael+Kerner&rft.date=2009-07-17&rft.au=Sean+Michael+Kerner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.internetnews.com%2Fskerner%2F2009%2F07%2Fenergy-efficient-ethernet-hits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy-Efficient+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee802.org/3/eee_study/index.html">"IEEE 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet Study Group"</a>. September 21, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IndustryWeek&rft.atitle=Green+Ethernet&rft.date=2008-04-11&rft.aulast=Kenney&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.industryweek.com%2Farticles%2Fgreen_ethernet_16103.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy-Efficient+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee802.org/3/az/index.html">IEEE P802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet Task Force</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618035001/http://greenethernet.com/">"Green Ethernet"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenethernet.com">the original</a> on June 18, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+Ethernet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenethernet.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy-Efficient+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span> Blog for Energy-Efficient Ethernet techniques and news analyses, circa 2009.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethernet" title="Template:Ethernet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethernet" title="Template talk:Ethernet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethernet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethernet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethernet_family_of_local_area_network_technologies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> family of <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network</a> technologies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Ethernet" title="Classic Ethernet">10 Mbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Ethernet" title="Fast Ethernet">100 Mbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet">1 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2.5GBASE-T_and_5GBASE-T" title="2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T">2.5 and 5 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="10 Gigabit Ethernet">10 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="25 Gigabit Ethernet">25 and 50 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="100 Gigabit Ethernet">40 and 100 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terabit_Ethernet" title="Terabit Ethernet">200, 400, 800 and 1600 Gbit/s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_physical_layer" title="Ethernet physical layer">Physical layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonegotiation" title="Autonegotiation">Autonegotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EtherType" title="EtherType">EtherType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_flow_control" title="Ethernet flow control">Flow control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_frame" title="Ethernet frame">Frames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbo_frame" title="Jumbo frame">Jumbos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.3" title="IEEE 802.3">IEEE 802.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_Alliance" title="Ethernet Alliance">Ethernet Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_fiber" title="Ethernet over fiber">Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair" title="Ethernet over twisted pair">Twisted pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_coax" title="Ethernet over coax">Coaxial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_in_the_first_mile" title="Ethernet in the first mile">First mile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10G-EPON" title="10G-EPON">10G-EPON</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier-sense_multiple_access_with_collision_detection" title="Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection">CSMA/CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StarLAN" title="StarLAN">StarLAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BROAD36" title="10BROAD36">10BROAD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE-FB" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-FB">10BASE-FB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE-FL" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-FL">10BASE-FL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE5" title="10BASE5">10BASE5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE2" title="10BASE2">10BASE2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Attachment_Unit" title="Medium Attachment Unit">MAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_inter-repeater_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber-optic inter-repeater link">FOIRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100BaseVG" title="100BaseVG">100BaseVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LattisNet" title="LattisNet">LattisNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Reach_Ethernet" title="Long Reach Ethernet">Long Reach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_over_Ethernet" title="Audio over Ethernet">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_Ethernet" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive Ethernet">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_Ethernet" title="Carrier Ethernet">Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_center_bridging" title="Data center bridging">Data center</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Energy Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Ethernet" title="Industrial Ethernet">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Ethernet" title="Metro Ethernet">Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet" title="Power over Ethernet">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Ethernet" title="Synchronous Ethernet">Synchronous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transceiver" title="Transceiver">Transceivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_interface_converter" title="Gigabit interface converter">GBIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Form-factor_Pluggable" title="Small Form-factor Pluggable">SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XENPAK" title="XENPAK">XENPAK</a>/<a href="/wiki/X2_transceiver" title="X2 transceiver">X2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFP_transceiver" title="XFP transceiver">XFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_form-factor_pluggable" title="C form-factor pluggable">CFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_Unit_Interface" title="Attachment Unit Interface">AUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAD_socket" title="EAD socket">EAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-dependent_interface" title="Medium-dependent interface">MDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media-independent_interface" title="Media-independent interface">MII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_media-independent_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit media-independent interface">GMII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_gigabit_media-independent_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="10 gigabit media-independent interface">XGMII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAUI" 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