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id="toc-Occurrence_and_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firearms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firearms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Firearms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firearms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Industrial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photographic_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photographic_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Photographic film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photographic_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicinal_and_pharmaceutical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicinal_and_pharmaceutical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Medicinal and pharmaceutical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicinal_and_pharmaceutical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicity_and_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicity_and_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Toxicity and safety</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Toxicity_and_safety-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Toxicity and safety subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Toxicity_and_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Methemoglobinemia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methemoglobinemia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Methemoglobinemia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methemoglobinemia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drinking_water_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drinking_water_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Drinking water standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drinking_water_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aquatic_toxicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aquatic_toxicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Aquatic toxicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aquatic_toxicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_impacts_on_ecosystems_through_nitrate_deposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_impacts_on_ecosystems_through_nitrate_deposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Human impacts on ecosystems through nitrate deposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_impacts_on_ecosystems_through_nitrate_deposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dietary_nitrate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dietary_nitrate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dietary nitrate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dietary_nitrate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dietary nitrate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dietary_nitrate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cured_meats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cured_meats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Cured meats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cured_meats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_animal_feed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_animal_feed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Domestic animal feed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_animal_feed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salts_and_covalent_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salts_and_covalent_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Salts and covalent derivatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salts_and_covalent_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitraat" title="Nitraat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nitraat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نترات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نترات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitratu" title="Nitratu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nitratu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitratlar" title="Nitratlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nitratlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نیترات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیترات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="নাইট্রেট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাইট্রেট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Нітраты – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нітраты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Нитрат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нитрат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Нитрат – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нитрат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusi%C4%8Dnany" title="Dusičnany – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dusičnany" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nitrate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitraadid" title="Nitraadid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nitraadid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Νιτρικό ιόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νιτρικό ιόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrato" title="Nitrato – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nitrato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrato" title="Nitrato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nitrato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrato" title="Nitrato – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nitrato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نیترات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیترات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nitrate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitraat" title="Nitraat – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nitraat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADotr%C3%A1it" title="Níotráit – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Níotráit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrato" title="Nitrato – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nitrato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%82%B0%EC%97%BC" title="질산염 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="질산염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Նիտրատներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիտրատներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="नाइट्रेट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाइट्रेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrato" title="Nitrato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nitrato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98_(%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="ניטראט (קבוצה פונקציונלית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניטראט (קבוצה פונקציונלית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნიტრატები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიტრატები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нитраттар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нитраттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нитраттар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нитраттар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitr%C4%81ti" title="Nitrāti – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nitrāti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitraot" title="Nitraot – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nitraot" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitr%C3%A1tion" title="Nitrátion – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nitrátion" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Нитрат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нитрат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="നൈട്രേറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൈട്രേറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitraat" title="Nitraat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nitraat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E5%A1%A9" title="硝酸塩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="硝酸塩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitraat" title="Nitraat – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nitraat" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitratlar" title="Nitratlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nitratlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotany" title="Azotany – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azotany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrato" title="Nitrato – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nitrato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotat" title="Azotat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Azotat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Нитраты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нитраты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrati" title="Nitrati – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nitrati" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nitrate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusi%C4%8Dnan" title="Dusičnan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dusičnan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Нитрат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нитрат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitraatti" title="Nitraatti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nitraatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrato" title="Nitrato – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nitrato" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="நைத்திரேட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நைத்திரேட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="ไนเตรต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไนเตรต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нітрати – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нітрати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="نائٹریٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نائٹریٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nitrat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="硝酸盐 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="硝酸盐" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="硝酸鹽 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="硝酸鹽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="硝酸盐 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硝酸盐" data-language-autonym="中文" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Polyatomic ion (NO₃, charge –1) found in explosives and fertilisers</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the functional group –<span class="chemf nowrap">ONO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>, see <a href="/wiki/Nitrate_ester" title="Nitrate ester">Nitrate ester</a>. For that functional group in medicine, see <a href="/wiki/Nitrovasodilator" title="Nitrovasodilator">Nitrovasodilator</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrite</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ion. For the radical, see <a href="/wiki/Nitrate_radical" title="Nitrate radical">nitrate radical</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nitrate_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nitrate (disambiguation)">Nitrate (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268415487">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> </p> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Nitrate </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitrate-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ball-and-stick model of the nitrate ion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nitrate-3D-balls.png/220px-Nitrate-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nitrate-3D-balls.png/330px-Nitrate-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nitrate-3D-balls.png/440px-Nitrate-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature#Systematic_name" title="Chemical nomenclature">Systematic IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">Nitrate</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=14797-55-8">14797-55-8</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BN%2B%5D%28%3DO%29%28%5BO-%5D%29%5BO-%5D">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=17632">CHEBI:17632</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.918.html">918</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/943">943</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/T93E9Y2844">T93E9Y2844</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5024217">DTXSID5024217</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/NO3/c2-1(3)4/q-1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/NO3/c2-1(3)4/q-1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYAI</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">[N+](=O)([O-])[O-]</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001620040000000000♠"></span>62.004</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conjugate_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugate acid">Conjugate acid</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">Nitric acid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; color:inherit; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Nitrate</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Polyatomic_ion" title="Polyatomic ion">polyatomic ion</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula</a> <span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">Salts</a> containing this <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a> are called <b>nitrates</b>. Nitrates are common components of fertilizers and explosives.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost all inorganic nitrates are <a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">soluble</a> in <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>. An example of an insoluble nitrate is <a href="/wiki/Bismuth_oxynitrate" title="Bismuth oxynitrate">bismuth oxynitrate</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemical_structure">Chemical structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chemical structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nitrate" title="Special:EditPage/Nitrate">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitrate-ion-with-partial-charges-2D.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Nitrate-ion-with-partial-charges-2D.png/150px-Nitrate-ion-with-partial-charges-2D.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Nitrate-ion-with-partial-charges-2D.png/225px-Nitrate-ion-with-partial-charges-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Nitrate-ion-with-partial-charges-2D.png/300px-Nitrate-ion-with-partial-charges-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="884" /></a><figcaption>The nitrate ion with the partial charges shown</figcaption></figure> <p>The nitrate <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Conjugate_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugate acid">conjugate base</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a>, consisting of one central <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> surrounded by three identically bonded <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> atoms in a <a href="/wiki/Trigonal_planar" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigonal planar">trigonal planar</a> arrangement. The nitrate ion carries a <a href="/wiki/Formal_charge" title="Formal charge">formal charge</a> of −1.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This charge results from a combination formal charge in which each of the three oxygens carries a −<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> charge,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> whereas the nitrogen carries a +1 charge, all these adding up to formal charge of the polyatomic nitrate ion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This arrangement is commonly used as an example of <a href="/wiki/Resonance_(chemistry)" title="Resonance (chemistry)">resonance</a>. Like the <a href="/wiki/Isoelectronic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isoelectronic">isoelectronic</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a> ion, the nitrate ion can be represented by three resonance structures: </p> <div style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitrate-ion-resonance-2D.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Canonical resonance structures for the nitrate ion"><img alt="Canonical resonance structures for the nitrate ion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nitrate-ion-resonance-2D.png/400px-Nitrate-ion-resonance-2D.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nitrate-ion-resonance-2D.png/600px-Nitrate-ion-resonance-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nitrate-ion-resonance-2D.png/800px-Nitrate-ion-resonance-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="276" /></a></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemical_and_biochemical_properties">Chemical and biochemical properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chemical and biochemical properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span> anion, the <a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">oxidation state</a> of the central nitrogen atom is V (+5). This corresponds to the highest possible <a href="/wiki/Oxidation_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation number">oxidation number</a> of nitrogen. Nitrate is a potentially powerful <a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent">oxidizer</a> as evidenced by its <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">explosive</a> behaviour at high temperature when it is <a href="/wiki/Detonation" title="Detonation">detonated</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate" title="Ammonium nitrate">ammonium nitrate</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span>), or <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">black powder</a>, ignited by the <a href="/wiki/Shock_wave" title="Shock wave">shock wave</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Explosive#Primary" title="Explosive">primary explosive</a>. However, in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Red_fuming_nitric_acid" title="Red fuming nitric acid">red fuming nitric acid</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">HNO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>/N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span>), or concentrated <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">HNO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span>), nitrate <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution (chemistry)">dissolved</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueous solution</a> at neutral or high <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> is only a weak <a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent">oxidizing agent</a> and is stable under sterile, or <a href="/wiki/Asepsis" title="Asepsis">aseptic</a>, conditions, in the absence of <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganisms</a>. To increase its oxidation power, acidic conditions and high concentrations are needed, under which nitrate transforms into nitric acid. This behaviour is consistent with the general theory of <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reduction-oxidation</a> (redox) in <a href="/wiki/Electrochemistry" title="Electrochemistry">electrochemistry</a>: oxidizing power is exacerbated under acidic conditions while the power of <a href="/wiki/Reducing_agents" class="mw-redirect" title="Reducing agents">reducing agents</a> is reinforced under basic conditions. This can be illustrated by means of a <a href="/wiki/Pourbaix_diagram" title="Pourbaix diagram">Pourbaix diagram</a> (E<sub>h</sub>–pH diagram) drawn using the <a href="/wiki/Nernst_equation" title="Nernst equation">Nernst equation</a> and the corresponding redox reactions. During the reduction of oxidizers, the oxidation state decreases and <a href="/wiki/Oxide_ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxide ion">oxide ions</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<sup>2−</sup></span>) in excess released in water by the reaction are more easily <a href="/wiki/Protonation" title="Protonation">protonated</a> under acid conditions (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<sup>2−</sup> + 2 H<sup class="template-chem2-sup">+</sup> → H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</span>) which drives the reduction reaction to the right according to <a href="/wiki/Le_Chatelier%27s_principle" title="Le Chatelier's principle">Le Chatelier's principle</a>. For the oxidation of reducing agents, the reverse occurs: as the oxidation state increases, oxide anions are needed to neutralise the surplus of positive charges born by the central atom. As basic conditions favor the production of oxide anions (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">2 OH<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup> → O<sup>2−</sup> + H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</span>), this drives the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium" title="Chemical equilibrium">chemical equilibrium</a> of the oxidation reaction to the right. </p><p>Meanwhile, nitrate is used as a powerful terminal <a href="/wiki/Electron_acceptor" title="Electron acceptor">electron acceptor</a> by <a href="/wiki/Denitrifying_bacteria" title="Denitrifying bacteria">denitrifying bacteria</a> to deliver the energy they need to thrive. Under <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)" title="Hypoxia (environmental)">anaerobic conditions</a>, nitrate is the strongest electron acceptor used by <a href="/wiki/Prokaryote" title="Prokaryote">prokaryote</a> <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganisms</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">archaea</a>) to respirate. The <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">redox</a> couple <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> is at the top of the <a href="/wiki/Redox_gradient" title="Redox gradient">redox scale</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_respiration" title="Anaerobic respiration">anaerobic respiration</a>, just below the couple oxygen (<a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O<sub>2</sub></a>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</a></span>), but above the couples Mn(IV)/Mn(II), Fe(III)/Fe(II), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">SO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>2−</span><span>4</span></span></span>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">HS<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span>, CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span>. In natural waters, inevitably contaminated by microorganisms, nitrate is a quite unstable and labile dissolved chemical species because it is <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolised</a> by denitrifying bacteria. Water samples for nitrate/nitrite analyses need to be kept at 4 °C in a refrigerated room and analysed as quick as possible to limit the loss of nitrate. </p><p>In the first step of the denitrification process, dissolved nitrate (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span>) is <a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">catalytically</a> <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reduced</a> into nitrite (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span></span>) by the <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">enzymatic activity</a> of bacteria. In aqueous solution, dissolved nitrite, N(III), is a more powerful oxidizer that nitrate, N(V), because it has to accept less <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reduction</a> is less <a href="/wiki/Chemical_kinetics" title="Chemical kinetics">kinetically</a> hindered than that of nitrate. </p><p>During the biological denitrification process, further nitrite reduction also gives rise to another powerful oxidizing agent: <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a> (NO). NO can fix on <a href="/wiki/Myoglobin" title="Myoglobin">myoglobin</a> accentuating its red coloration. NO is an important biological <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">signaling molecule</a> and intervenes in the <a href="/wiki/Vasodilation" title="Vasodilation">vasodilation</a> process, but it can also produce <a href="/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)" title="Radical (chemistry)">free radicals</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">biological tissues</a>, accelerating their degradation and aging process. The <a href="/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species" title="Reactive oxygen species">reactive oxygen species</a> (ROS) generated by NO contribute to the <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_stress" title="Oxidative stress">oxidative stress</a>, a condition involved in vascular dysfunction and <a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherogenesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lubos2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lubos2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detection_in_chemical_analysis">Detection in chemical analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Detection in chemical analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nitrate <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> is commonly analysed in water by <a href="/wiki/Ion_chromatography" title="Ion chromatography">ion chromatography</a> (IC) along with other anions also present in solution. The main advantage of IC is its ease and the simultaneous <a href="/wiki/Analytical_chemistry" title="Analytical chemistry">analysis</a> of all the anions present in the aqueous sample. Other methods for the specific detection of nitrate rely on its conversion to nitrite followed by nitrite-specific tests. The <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reduction</a> of nitrate to nitrite is effected by a <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>-<a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">cadmium</a> material. The sample is introduced in a <a href="/wiki/Flow_injection_analysis" title="Flow injection analysis">flow injection analyzer</a>, and the resulting nitrite-containing effluent is then combined with a reagent for colorimetric or electrochemical detection. The most popular of these assays is the <a href="/wiki/Griess_test" title="Griess test">Griess test</a>, whereby nitrite is converted to a deeply colored <a href="/wiki/Azo_dye" title="Azo dye">azo dye</a> suited for UV-vis spectroscopic analysis. The method exploits the reactivity of <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_acid" title="Nitrous acid">nitrous acid</a> derived from acidification of nitrite. Nitrous acid selectively reacts with aromatic amines to give diazonium salts, which in turn couple with a second reagent to give the azo dye. The <a href="/wiki/Detection_limit" title="Detection limit">detection limit</a> is 0.02 to 2 μM.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such methods have been highly adapted to biological samples.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence_and_production">Occurrence and production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Occurrence and production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nitrate salts are found naturally on earth in arid environments as large deposits, particularly of <a href="/wiki/Nitratine" title="Nitratine">nitratine</a>, a major source of <a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrate" title="Sodium nitrate">sodium nitrate</a>. </p><p>Nitrates are produced by a number of species of <a href="/wiki/Nitrifying_bacteria" title="Nitrifying bacteria">nitrifying bacteria</a> in the natural environment using <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a> as a source of nitrogen and source of free energy. Nitrate compounds for <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> were historically produced, in the absence of mineral nitrate sources, by means of various <a href="/wiki/Industrial_fermentation" title="Industrial fermentation">fermentation</a> processes using urine and dung. </p><p>Lightning strikes in earth's nitrogen- and oxygen-rich atmosphere produce a mixture of oxides of nitrogen, which form <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_acid" title="Nitrous acid">nitrous</a> ions and nitrate ions, which are washed from the atmosphere by rain or in <a href="/wiki/Precipitation#occult_deposition" title="Precipitation">occult deposition</a>. </p><p>Nitrates are produced industrially from <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nitrate is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical compound</a> that serves as a primary form of nitrogen for many plants. This essential nutrient is used by plants to synthesize proteins, nucleic acids, and other vital organic molecules.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transformation of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate is facilitated by certain bacteria and lightning in the nitrogen cycle, which exemplifies nature's ability to convert a relatively inert molecule into a form that is crucial for biological productivity.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nitrates are used as <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> because of their high solubility and biodegradability. The main nitrate fertilizers are <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate" title="Ammonium nitrate">ammonium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrate" title="Sodium nitrate">sodium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">potassium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcium_nitrate" title="Calcium nitrate">calcium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_nitrate" title="Magnesium nitrate">magnesium</a> salts. Several billion kilograms are produced annually for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The significance of nitrate extends beyond its role as a nutrient since it acts as a signaling molecule in plants, regulating processes such as root growth, flowering, and leaf development.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While nitrate is beneficial for agriculture since it enhances soil fertility and crop yields, its excessive use can lead to nutrient runoff, water pollution, and the proliferation of aquatic dead zones.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, sustainable agricultural practices that balance productivity with environmental stewardship are necessary. Nitrate's importance in ecosystems is evident since it supports the growth and development of plants, contributing to biodiversity and ecological balance.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firearms">Firearms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Firearms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nitrates are used as <a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent">oxidizing agents</a>, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">explosives</a>, where the rapid <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidation</a> of carbon compounds liberates large volumes of gases (see <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> as an example). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial">Industrial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Industrial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sodium nitrate is used to remove air bubbles from molten <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramics</a>. Mixtures of <a href="/wiki/Molten_salt" title="Molten salt">molten salts</a> are used to harden the surface of some metals.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photographic_film">Photographic film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Photographic film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nitrate was also used as a <a href="/wiki/Film_base#Nitrate" title="Film base">film stock</a> through <a href="/wiki/Nitrocellulose" title="Nitrocellulose">nitrocellulose</a>. Due to its high combustibility, the <a href="/wiki/Film_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Film making">film making</a> studios swapped to <a href="/wiki/Cellulose_acetate" title="Cellulose acetate">cellulose acetate</a> safety film in 1950. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicinal_and_pharmaceutical_use">Medicinal and pharmaceutical use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Medicinal and pharmaceutical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the medical field, nitrate-derived organic <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esters</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin_(medication)" title="Nitroglycerin (medication)">glyceryl trinitrate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isosorbide_dinitrate" title="Isosorbide dinitrate">isosorbide dinitrate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isosorbide_mononitrate" title="Isosorbide mononitrate">isosorbide mononitrate</a>, are used in the prophylaxis and management of <a href="/wiki/Acute_coronary_syndrome" title="Acute coronary syndrome">acute coronary syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">myocardial infarction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_edema" title="Pulmonary edema">acute pulmonary oedema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This class of drug, to which <a href="/wiki/Amyl_nitrite" title="Amyl nitrite">amyl nitrite</a> also belongs, is known as <a href="/wiki/Nitrovasodilator" title="Nitrovasodilator">nitrovasodilators</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity_and_safety">Toxicity and safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Toxicity and safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two areas of concerns about the toxicity of nitrate are the following: </p> <ul><li>nitrate reduced by the microbial activity of <a href="/wiki/Nitrate_reducing_bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrate reducing bacteria">nitrate reducing bacteria</a> is the precursor of <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrite</a> in water and in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower gastrointestinal tract">lower gastrointestinal tract</a>. Nitrite is a precursor to <a href="/wiki/Carcinogenesis" title="Carcinogenesis">carcinogenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">nitrosamines</a>, and;</li> <li>via the formation of nitrite, nitrate is implicated in <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">methemoglobinemia</a>, a disorder of <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">hemoglobin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Red_blood_cell" title="Red blood cell">red blood cells</a> susceptible to especially affect infants and toddlers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methemoglobinemia">Methemoglobinemia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Methemoglobinemia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Blue_baby_syndrome" title="Blue baby syndrome">Blue baby syndrome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">Methemoglobinemia</a></div> <p>One of the most common cause of <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">methemoglobinemia</a> in infants is due to the ingestion of nitrates and nitrites through <a href="/wiki/Well_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Well water">well water</a> or foods. </p><p>In fact, nitrates (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span>), often present at too high <a href="/wiki/Concentration" title="Concentration">concentration</a> in drinkwater, are only the precursor chemical species of <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrites</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span></span>), the real culprits of methemoglobinemia. Nitrites produced by the <a href="/wiki/Denitrification" title="Denitrification">microbial reduction of nitrate</a> (directly in the drinkwater, or after ingestion by the infant, in his digestive system) are more powerful <a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent">oxidizers</a> than nitrates and are the chemical agent really responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidation</a> of Fe<sup>2+</sup> into Fe<sup>3+</sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Tetrapyrrole" title="Tetrapyrrole">tetrapyrrole</a> <a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">heme</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">hemoglobin</a>. Indeed, nitrate anions are too weak oxidizers in <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueous solution</a> to be able to directly, or at least sufficiently rapidly, oxidize Fe<sup>2+</sup> into Fe<sup>3+</sup>, because of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_kinetics" title="Chemical kinetics">kinetics</a> limitations. </p><p>Infants younger than 4 months are at greater risk given that they drink more water per body weight, they have a lower <a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide" title="Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide">NADH</a>-<a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_b5_reductase" title="Cytochrome b5 reductase">cytochrome b5 reductase</a> activity, and they have a higher level of fetal hemoglobin which converts more easily to <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobin" title="Methemoglobin">methemoglobin</a>. Additionally, infants are at an increased risk after an episode of <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">gastroenteritis</a> due to the production of <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrites</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, other causes than nitrates can also affect infants and pregnant women.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10379005_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10379005-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the <a href="/wiki/Blue_baby_syndrome" title="Blue baby syndrome">blue baby syndrome</a> can also be caused by a number of other factors such as the <a href="/wiki/Cyanotic_heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanotic heart disease">cyanotic heart disease</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Congenital_heart_defect" title="Congenital heart defect">congenital heart defect</a> resulting in low levels of oxygen in the blood,<sup id="cite_ref-MedlinePlusEncyclopedia_Cyanotic_heart_disease_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MedlinePlusEncyclopedia_Cyanotic_heart_disease-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by gastric upset, such as diarrheal infection, protein intolerance, heavy metal toxicity, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drinking_water_standards">Drinking water standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Drinking water standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through the <a href="/wiki/Safe_Drinking_Water_Act" title="Safe Drinking Water Act">Safe Drinking Water Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> has set a maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L or 10 ppm of nitrate in drinking water.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An acceptable daily intake (ADI) for nitrate ions was established in the range of 0–3.7 mg (kg body weight)<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JEFCA).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aquatic_toxicity">Aquatic toxicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Aquatic toxicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annual_mean_sea_surface_nitrate_(World_Ocean_Atlas_2009).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Annual_mean_sea_surface_nitrate_%28World_Ocean_Atlas_2009%29.png/220px-Annual_mean_sea_surface_nitrate_%28World_Ocean_Atlas_2009%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Annual_mean_sea_surface_nitrate_%28World_Ocean_Atlas_2009%29.png/330px-Annual_mean_sea_surface_nitrate_%28World_Ocean_Atlas_2009%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Annual_mean_sea_surface_nitrate_%28World_Ocean_Atlas_2009%29.png/440px-Annual_mean_sea_surface_nitrate_%28World_Ocean_Atlas_2009%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3183" data-file-height="2217" /></a><figcaption>Sea surface nitrate from the <a href="/wiki/World_Ocean_Atlas" title="World Ocean Atlas">World Ocean Atlas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Freshwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater">freshwater</a> or <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuarine</a> systems close to land, nitrate can reach concentrations that are lethal to fish. While nitrate is much less toxic than ammonia,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> levels over 30 ppm of nitrate can inhibit growth, impair the immune system and cause stress in some aquatic species.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitrate toxicity remains a subject of debate.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In most cases of excess nitrate concentrations in aquatic systems, the primary sources are wastewater discharges, as well as <a href="/wiki/Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">surface runoff</a> from agricultural or <a href="/wiki/Landscape" title="Landscape">landscaped</a> areas that have received excess nitrate fertilizer. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Eutrophication" title="Eutrophication">eutrophication</a> and algae blooms result in <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)" title="Hypoxia (environmental)">anoxia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dead_zone_(ecology)" title="Dead zone (ecology)">dead zones</a>. As a consequence, as nitrate forms a component of <a href="/wiki/Total_dissolved_solids" title="Total dissolved solids">total dissolved solids</a>, they are widely used as an indicator of <a href="/wiki/Water_quality" title="Water quality">water quality</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_impacts_on_ecosystems_through_nitrate_deposition">Human impacts on ecosystems through nitrate deposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Human impacts on ecosystems through nitrate deposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitrate_and_Phosphate_Pacific_Ocean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nitrate_and_Phosphate_Pacific_Ocean.jpg/220px-Nitrate_and_Phosphate_Pacific_Ocean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nitrate_and_Phosphate_Pacific_Ocean.jpg/330px-Nitrate_and_Phosphate_Pacific_Ocean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nitrate_and_Phosphate_Pacific_Ocean.jpg/440px-Nitrate_and_Phosphate_Pacific_Ocean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>Excessive nitrate and <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> concentrations measured in the Pacific Ocean<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nitrate deposition into ecosystems has markedly increased due to <a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic effect">anthropogenic</a> activities, notably from the widespread application of nitrogen-rich <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizers</a> in agriculture and the emissions from <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a> combustion.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annually, about 195 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">metric tons</a> of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers are used worldwide, with nitrates constituting a significant portion of this amount.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In regions with intensive agriculture, such as parts of the U.S., China, and India, the use of nitrogen fertilizers can exceed 200 kilograms per hectare.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The impact of increased nitrate deposition extends beyond plant communities to affect <a href="/wiki/Soil_microbiology" title="Soil microbiology">soil microbial populations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The change in soil chemistry and nutrient dynamics can disrupt the natural processes of <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation" title="Nitrogen fixation">nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrification" title="Nitrification">nitrification</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Denitrification" title="Denitrification">denitrification</a>, leading to altered microbial community structures and functions. This disruption can further impact the <a href="/wiki/Nutrient_cycle" title="Nutrient cycle">nutrient cycling</a> and overall <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a> health.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dietary_nitrate">Dietary nitrate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dietary nitrate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A source of nitrate in the human diets arises from the consumption of leafy green foods, such as <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arugula" class="mw-redirect" title="Arugula">arugula</a>. <span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span> can be present in <a href="/wiki/Beetroot" title="Beetroot">beetroot</a> juice. Drinking water represents also a primary nitrate intake source.<sup id="cite_ref-Hord2009_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hord2009-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nitrate ingestion rapidly increases the <a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">plasma</a> nitrate concentration by a factor of 2 to 3, and this elevated nitrate concentration can be maintained for more than 2 weeks. Increased plasma nitrate enhances the production of <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a>, NO. Nitric oxide is a physiological <a href="/wiki/Signaling_molecule" class="mw-redirect" title="Signaling molecule">signaling molecule</a> which intervenes in, among other things, regulation of muscle blood flow and mitochondrial respiration.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cured_meats">Cured meats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cured meats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Nitrite</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>2</span></span></span>) consumption is primarily determined by the amount of <a href="/wiki/Processed_meat" title="Processed meat">processed meats</a> eaten, and the concentration of nitrates (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>3</span></span></span>) added to these meats (<a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">sausages</a>…) for their curing. Although <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrites</a> are the nitrogen species chiefly used in <a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">meat curing</a>, nitrates are used as well and can be transformed into nitrite by microorganisms, or in the digestion process, starting by their dissolution in <a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">saliva</a> and their contact with the <a href="/wiki/Microbiota" title="Microbiota">microbiota</a> of the mouth. Nitrites lead to the formation of <a href="/wiki/Carcinogenesis" title="Carcinogenesis">carcinogenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">nitrosamines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12421881_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12421881-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production of nitrosamines may be inhibited by the use of the <a href="/wiki/Antioxidant" title="Antioxidant">antioxidants</a> <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alpha-tocopherol" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-tocopherol">alpha-tocopherol</a> form of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamin E</a> during curing.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22464105_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22464105-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many meat processors claim their meats (e.g. bacon) is "uncured" – which is a marketing claim with no factual basis: there is no such thing as "uncured" bacon (as that would be, essentially, raw sliced pork belly).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> "Uncured" meat is in fact actually cured with nitrites with virtually <i>no</i> distinction in process – the only difference being the USDA labeling requirement between nitrite of vegetable origin (such as from celery) vs. "synthetic" sodium nitrite. An analogy would be purified "<a href="/wiki/Sea_salt" title="Sea salt">sea salt</a>" vs. <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a> – both being exactly the same chemical with the only essential difference being the origin. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Antihypertensive_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihypertensive drug">Anti-hypertensive</a> diets, such as the <a href="/wiki/DASH_diet" title="DASH diet">DASH diet</a>, typically contain high levels of nitrates, which are first reduced to <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrite</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">saliva</a>, as detected in <a href="/wiki/Saliva_testing" title="Saliva testing">saliva testing</a>, prior to forming <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a> (NO).<sup id="cite_ref-Hord2009_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hord2009-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domestic_animal_feed">Domestic animal feed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Domestic animal feed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Symptoms of nitrate poisoning in domestic animals include increased heart rate and respiration; in advanced cases blood and tissue may turn a blue or brown color. Feed can be tested for nitrate; treatment consists of supplementing or substituting existing supplies with lower nitrate material. Safe levels of nitrate for various types of livestock are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Category</th> <th>%NO<sub>3</sub></th> <th>%NO<sub>3</sub>–N</th> <th>%KNO<sub>3</sub></th> <th>Effects </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>< 0.5</td> <td>< 0.12</td> <td>< 0.81</td> <td>Generally safe for beef cattle and sheep </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>0.5–1.0</td> <td>0.12–0.23</td> <td>0.81–1.63</td> <td>Caution: some subclinical symptoms may appear in pregnant horses, sheep and beef cattle </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>0.23</td> <td>1.63</td> <td>High nitrate problems: death losses and abortions can occur in beef cattle and sheep </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>< 1.23</td> <td>< 0.28</td> <td>< 2.00</td> <td>Maximum safe level for horses. Do not feed high nitrate forages to pregnant mares </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The values above are on a dry (moisture-free) basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives">Salts and covalent derivatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Salts and covalent derivatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nitrate formation with elements of the periodic table: </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title 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href="/wiki/Template:Nitrates" title="Template:Nitrates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nitrates" title="Template talk:Nitrates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nitrates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nitrates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_nitrate_ion134" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Salts and covalent derivatives of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">nitrate</a> ion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="overflow-x:auto"> <table class="center"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">HNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="11" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_nitrate" title="Lithium nitrate">LiNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_nitrate" title="Beryllium nitrate">Be(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetranitratoborate" title="Tetranitratoborate">B(NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span></a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_ester" title="Nitrate ester">RONO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Carbonate_nitrate" title="Carbonate nitrate">+CO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oxalate_nitrate" title="Oxalate nitrate">+C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate" title="Ammonium nitrate">NH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peroxynitric_acid" title="Peroxynitric acid">HOONO<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluorine_nitrate" title="Fluorine nitrate">FNO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fluoride_nitrate" title="Fluoride nitrate">+F</a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrate" title="Sodium nitrate">NaNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_nitrate" title="Magnesium nitrate">Mg(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_nitrate" title="Aluminium nitrate">Al(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetranitratoaluminate" title="Tetranitratoaluminate">Al(NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span></a></span> </td> <td>Si </td> <td>P </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulfate_nitrates" title="Sulfate nitrates">+SO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_nitrate" title="Chlorine nitrate">ClONO<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_chlorides" title="Nitrate chlorides">+Cl</a> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">KNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium_nitrate" title="Calcium nitrate">Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandium_nitrate" title="Scandium nitrate">Sc(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium(IV)_nitrate" title="Titanium(IV) nitrate">Ti(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadyl_nitrate" title="Vanadyl nitrate">VO(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_nitrate" title="Chromium(III) nitrate">Cr(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_nitrate" title="Manganese(II) nitrate">Mn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_nitrate" title="Iron(II) nitrate">Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_nitrate" title="Iron(III) nitrate">Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_nitrate" title="Cobalt(II) nitrate">Co(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(III)_nitrate" title="Cobalt(III) nitrate">Co(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_nitrate" title="Nickel(II) nitrate">Ni(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_nitrate" title="Copper(I) nitrate">CuNO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_nitrate" title="Copper(II) nitrate">Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_nitrate" title="Zinc nitrate">Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gallium_nitrate" title="Gallium nitrate">Ga(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Ge </td> <td>As </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_selenite" title="Nitrate selenite">+SeO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine_nitrate" title="Bromine nitrate">BrNO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate_bromide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrate bromide (page does not exist)">+Br</a> </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_nitrate" title="Rubidium nitrate">RbNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium_nitrate" title="Strontium nitrate">Sr(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium(III)_nitrate" title="Yttrium(III) nitrate">Y(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium_nitrate" title="Zirconium nitrate">Zr(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium(V)_oxynitrate" title="Niobium(V) oxynitrate">NbO(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molybdenum(VI)_dioxynitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molybdenum(VI) dioxynitrate (page does not exist)">MoO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Tc </td> <td>Ru </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodium(III)_nitrate" title="Rhodium(III) nitrate">Rh(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium(II)_nitrate" title="Palladium(II) nitrate">Pd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_nitrate" title="Silver nitrate">AgNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_nitrate" title="Cadmium nitrate">Cd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indium(III)_nitrate" title="Indium(III) nitrate">In(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_nitrate" title="Tin(IV) nitrate">Sn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimony(III)_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony(III) nitrate">Sb<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Te </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_nitrate" title="Iodine nitrate">INO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodate_nitrate" title="Iodate nitrate">+IO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xenon_nitrate" title="Xenon nitrate">Xe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_nitrate" title="Caesium nitrate">CsNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium_nitrate" title="Barium nitrate">Ba(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutetium(III)_nitrate" title="Lutetium(III) nitrate">Lu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnium_nitrate" title="Hafnium nitrate">Hf(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum(V)_oxynitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum(V) oxynitrate (page does not exist)">TaO(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsten(VI)_dioxynitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tungsten(VI) dioxynitrate (page does not exist)">WO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium_trioxynitrate" title="Rhenium trioxynitrate">ReO<sub>3</sub>NO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Os </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triiridium_decanitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triiridium decanitrate (page does not exist)">Ir<sub>3</sub>O(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>10</sub></a> </td> <td>Pt </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nitratoauric_acid" title="Nitratoauric acid">Au(NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_nitrate" title="Mercury(I) nitrate">Hg<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_nitrate" title="Mercury(II) nitrate">Hg(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_nitrate" title="Thallium(I) nitrate">TlNO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thallium(III)_nitrate" title="Thallium(III) nitrate">Tl(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_nitrate" title="Lead(II) nitrate">Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_nitrate" title="Bismuth(III) nitrate">Bi(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_oxynitrate" title="Bismuth oxynitrate">BiO(NO<sub>3</sub>)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polonium_tetranitrate" title="Polonium tetranitrate">Po(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>At </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francium_nitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francium nitrate (page does not exist)">FrNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium_nitrate" title="Radium nitrate">Ra(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">** </td> <td>Lr </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="20">  </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_nitrate" title="Lanthanum(III) nitrate">La(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium nitrate">Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cerium_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium nitrate">Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_nitrate" title="Praseodymium(III) nitrate">Pr(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium_nitrate" title="Neodymium nitrate">Nd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Promethium(III)_nitrate" title="Promethium(III) nitrate">Pm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_nitrate" title="Samarium(III) nitrate">Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_nitrate" title="Europium(III) nitrate">Eu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_nitrate" title="Gadolinium(III) nitrate">Gd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III)_nitrate" title="Terbium(III) nitrate">Tb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(III)_nitrate" title="Dysprosium(III) nitrate">Dy(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmium(III)_nitrate" title="Holmium(III) nitrate">Ho(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_nitrate" title="Erbium(III) nitrate">Er(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thulium(III)_nitrate" title="Thulium(III) nitrate">Tm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(III)_nitrate" title="Ytterbium(III) nitrate">Yb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">** </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinium(III)_nitrate" title="Actinium(III) nitrate">Ac(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium(IV)_nitrate" title="Thorium(IV) nitrate">Th(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protactinyl_nitrate" title="Protactinyl nitrate">PaO(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranyl_nitrate" title="Uranyl nitrate">UO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptunium(IV)_nitrate" title="Neptunium(IV) nitrate">Np(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium(IV)_nitrate" title="Plutonium(IV) nitrate">Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americium(III)_nitrate" title="Americium(III) nitrate">Am(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curium(III)_nitrate" title="Curium(III) nitrate">Cm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkelium(III)_nitrate" title="Berkelium(III) nitrate">Bk(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium(III)_nitrate" title="Californium(III) nitrate">Cf(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Es </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium" title="Ammonium">Ammonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutrophication" title="Eutrophication">Eutrophication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-ratio_(oceanography)" title="F-ratio (oceanography)">f-ratio in oceanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_diagram" title="Frost diagram">Frost diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrification" title="Nitrification">Nitrification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitratine" title="Nitratine">Nitratine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">Nitrite</a>, the anion <span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide" title="Nitrogen oxide">Nitrogen oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen trioxide">Nitrogen trioxide</a>, the neutral radical <span class="chemf nowrap">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxynitrate" title="Peroxynitrate">Peroxynitrate</a>, <span class="chemf nowrap">OONO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">–</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrate" title="Sodium nitrate">Sodium nitrate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ullmann-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a> <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">signaling</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">Nitroxyl anion (NO<sup>−</sup>; oxonitrate(1-), hyponitrite anion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide (NO<sup>⋅</sup>; nitrogen monoxide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrosonium" title="Nitrosonium">Nitrosonium (NO<sup>+</sup>; nitrosyl cation)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_target" title="Biological target">Targets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="sGC33" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Soluble_guanylate_cyclase" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluble guanylate cyclase">sGC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Activators/stimulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataciguat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ataciguat (page does not exist)">Ataciguat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_41-2272&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 41-2272 (page does not exist)">BAY 41-2272</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_41-8543&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 41-8543 (page does not exist)">BAY 41-8543</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_60-4552&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 60-4552 (page does not exist)">BAY 60-4552</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BI-703704&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BI-703704 (page does not exist)">BI-703704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinaciguat" title="Cinaciguat">Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK-2181236A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK-2181236A (page does not exist)">GSK-2181236A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praliciguat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praliciguat (page does not exist)">Praliciguat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riociguat" title="Riociguat">Riociguat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vericiguat" title="Vericiguat">Vericiguat</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1H-(1,2,4)Oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1H-(1,2,4)Oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (page does not exist)">ODQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/NO_donor" class="mw-redirect" title="NO donor">NO donors</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Prodrug" title="Prodrug">prodrugs</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nitrates</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Diethylene_glycol_dinitrate" title="Diethylene glycol dinitrate">Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythritol_tetranitrate" title="Erythritol tetranitrate">Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol_dinitrate" title="Ethylene glycol dinitrate">Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN; nitroglycol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isosorbide_mononitrate" title="Isosorbide mononitrate">Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isosorbide_dinitrate" title="Isosorbide dinitrate">Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itramin_tosilate" title="Itramin tosilate">Itramin tosilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannitol_hexanitrate" title="Mannitol hexanitrate">Mannitol hexanitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxcinod" title="Naproxcinod">Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen; AZD-3582, HCT-3012)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-466&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-466 (page does not exist)">NCX-466</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-2216&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-2216 (page does not exist)">NCX-2216</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-4016&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-4016 (page does not exist)">NCX-4016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX_4040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX 4040 (page does not exist)">NCX 4040</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-4215&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-4215 (page does not exist)">NCX-4215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicorandil" title="Nicorandil">Nicorandil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipradilol" title="Nipradilol">Nipradilol (K-351)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nitrate (NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroatorvastatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroatorvastatin (page does not exist)">Nitroatorvastatin (NCX-6560)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroflurbiprofen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroflurbiprofen (page does not exist)">Nitroflurbiprofen (HCT-1026)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrofluvastatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrofluvastatin (page does not exist)">Nitrofluvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin_(drug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitroglycerin (drug)">Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate (GTN))</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitropravastatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitropravastatin (page does not exist)">Nitropravastatin (NCX-6550)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaerithrityl_tetranitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate">Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propatylnitrate" title="Propatylnitrate">Propatylnitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylene_glycol_dinitrate" title="Propylene glycol dinitrate">Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_trioxodinitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium trioxodinitrate (page does not exist)">Sodium trioxodinitrate (Angeli's salt)</a></li> <li>Tenitramine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolnitrate" title="Trolnitrate">Trolnitrate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitroso_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitroso compound">Nitroso compounds</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrites</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">Nitrite (NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>)</a>; <i>O-Nitroso compounds (<a href="/wiki/Alkyl_nitrite" title="Alkyl nitrite">alkyl nitrites</a>):</i> <a href="/wiki/Amyl_nitrite" title="Amyl nitrite">Amyl nitrite (isoamyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclohexyl_nitrite" title="Cyclohexyl nitrite">Cyclohexyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_nitrite" title="Ethyl nitrite">Ethyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexyl_nitrite" title="Hexyl nitrite">Hexyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isobutyl_nitrite" title="Isobutyl nitrite">Isobutyl nitrite (2-methylpropyl nitrite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopropyl_nitrite" title="Isopropyl nitrite">Isopropyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_nitrite" title="Methyl nitrite">Methyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyl_nitrite" title="Butyl nitrite"><i>n</i>-Butyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentyl_nitrite" title="Pentyl nitrite">Pentyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert-Butyl_nitrite" title="Tert-Butyl nitrite"><i>tert</i>-Butyl nitrite</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/S-Nitrosothiol" title="S-Nitrosothiol">S-Nitroso compounds</a> (thionitrites):</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=LA810&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LA810 (page does not exist)">LA810</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosoalbumin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosoalbumin (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosoalbumin (SNALB)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosated_AR545C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosated AR545C (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosated AR545C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (page does not exist)">S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine" title="S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine">S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (page does not exist)">S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (SNVP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosocaptopril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosocaptopril (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosocaptopril (SNO-Cap)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosocysteine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosocysteine (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, CysNO, SNO-Cys)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosodiclofenac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosodiclofenac (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosodiclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Nitrosoglutathione" title="S-Nitrosoglutathione">S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, SNOG)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosated_tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosated tissue-type plasminogen activator (page does not exist)">SNO-t-PA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosated_von_Willebrand_factor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosated von Willebrand factor (page does not exist)">SNO-vWF</a>; <i>N-Nitroso compounds (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">nitrosamines</a>):</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=SIN-1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SIN-1A (page does not exist)">SIN-1A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nitrosyl compounds:</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Metal_nitrosyl_complex" title="Metal nitrosyl complex">Metal nitrosyl complexes</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roussin%27s_black_salt" title="Roussin's black salt">Roussin's black salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roussin%27s_red_salt" title="Roussin's red salt">Roussin's red salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside" title="Sodium nitroprusside">Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/NONOate" title="NONOate">NONOates</a> (diazeniumdiolates):</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diethylamine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diethylamine/NO (page does not exist)">Diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diethylenetriamine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diethylenetriamine/NO (page does not exist)">Diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GLO/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GLO/NO (page does not exist)">GLO/NO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JS-K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JS-K (page does not exist)">JS-K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylamine_hexamethylene_methylamine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (page does not exist)">Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (MAHMA/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PROLI/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PROLI/NO (page does not exist)">PROLI/NO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spermine/NO (page does not exist)">Spermine/NO (SPER/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V-PYRRO/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V-PYRRO/NO (page does not exist)">V-PYRRO/NO</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Heterocyclic compounds:</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Furoxan" title="Furoxan">Furoxans</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Furoxan" title="Furoxan">Furoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=REC15/2739&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="REC15/2739 (page does not exist)">REC15/2739</a>; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydnonimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydnonimine (page does not exist)">Sydnonimines</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Feprosidnine" title="Feprosidnine">Feprosidnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsidomine" title="Linsidomine">Linsidomine (SIN-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molsidomine" title="Molsidomine">Molsidomine (SIN-10)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydnonimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydnonimine (page does not exist)">Sydnonimine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cimlanod" title="Cimlanod">Cimlanod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FK-409&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FK-409 (page does not exist)">FK-409</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR144220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR144220 (page does not exist)">FR144220</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR146881&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR146881 (page does not exist)">FR146881</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (page does not exist)">N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase" title="Nitric oxide synthase">NOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/NOS1" title="NOS1">nNOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole (page does not exist)">3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Chloroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Chloroindazole (page does not exist)">3-Chloroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole (page does not exist)">3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Nitroindazole (page does not exist)">5-Nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6-Nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6-Nitroindazole (page does not exist)">6-Nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Nitroindazole" title="7-Nitroindazole">7-Nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-84643&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-84643 (page does not exist)">A-84643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoguanidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoguanidine">Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARL-17477&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARL-17477 (page does not exist)">ARL-17477</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indazole" title="Indazole">Indazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (page does not exist)">N<sup>5</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (<small>L</small>-NIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Methyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Methyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Propyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Propyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Propyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroarginine" title="Nitroarginine">Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentamidine_isethionate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentamidine isethionate">Pentamidine isethionate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole (page does not exist)">TRIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase_2_(inducible)" title="Nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible)">iNOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine (page does not exist)">1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Ethylaminoguanidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Ethylaminoguanidine (page does not exist)">2-Ethylaminoguanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Iminopiperidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Iminopiperidine (page does not exist)">2-Iminopiperidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1400W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1400W (page does not exist)">1400W</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-aminoethylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-aminoethylisothiourea (page does not exist)">AEITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoguanidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoguanidine">Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine (page does not exist)">AMT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_102222&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 102222 (page does not exist)">AR-C 102222</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BYK-191023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BYK-191023 (page does not exist)">BYK-191023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canavanine" title="Canavanine">Canavanine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cindunistat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cindunistat (page does not exist)">Cindunistat (SD-6010)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Ethylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Ethylisothiourea (page does not exist)">EITU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Isopropylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Isopropylisothiourea (page does not exist)">IPTU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Methylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Methylisothiourea (page does not exist)">MITU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (page does not exist)">N<sup>5</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-<small>L</small>-ornithine (<small>L</small>-NIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N6-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-lysine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N6-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-lysine (page does not exist)">N<sup>6</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-<small>L</small>-lysine (<small>L</small>-NIL)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Methyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Methyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronopterin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronopterin (page does not exist)">Ronopterin (VAS-203)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole (page does not exist)">TRIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Endothelial_NOS" title="Endothelial NOS">eNOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminoguanidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoguanidine">Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (page does not exist)">N<sup>5</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-<small>L</small>-ornithine (<small>L</small>-NIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Methyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Methyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroarginine" title="Nitroarginine">Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_dimethylarginine" title="Asymmetric dimethylarginine">Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CKD-712&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CKD-712 (page does not exist)">CKD-712</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanidinoethyldisulfide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanidinoethyldisulfide (page does not exist)">Guanidinoethyldisulfide (GED)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-273629&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-273629 (page does not exist)">GW-273629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indospicine" title="Indospicine">Indospicine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KD-7040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KD-7040 (page does not exist)">KD-7040</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroarginine_methyl_ester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroarginine methyl ester (page does not exist)">Nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-456&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-456 (page does not exist)">NCX-456</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NXN-462&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NXN-462 (page does not exist)">NXN-462</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-1714&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-1714 (page does not exist)">ONO-1714</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VAS-2381&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VAS-2381 (page does not exist)">VAS-2381</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arginase" title="Arginase">Arginase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2S-Amino-6-boronohexonic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2S-Amino-6-boronohexonic acid (page does not exist)">ABH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Hydroxy-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Hydroxy-<small>L</small>-arginine (NOHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorogenic_acid" title="Chlorogenic acid">chlorogenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng" title="Ginseng">ginseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicatechin">epicatechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithine" title="Ornithine">ornithine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norvaline" title="Norvaline">norvaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">lysine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_aminoacids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha aminoacids (page does not exist)">alpha aminoacids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CAMK" title="CAMK">CAMK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calmidazolium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calmidazolium (page does not exist)">Calmidazolium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W-7_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W-7 (drug) (page does not exist)">W-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Precursors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine"><small>L</small>-Arginine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Hydroxy-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Hydroxy-<small>L</small>-arginine (NOHA)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cofactors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate" title="Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate">NADPH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavin_adenine_dinucleotide" title="Flavin adenine dinucleotide">FAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavin_mononucleotide" title="Flavin mononucleotide">FMN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">Heme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrobiopterin" title="Tetrahydrobiopterin">BH<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calmodulin" title="Calmodulin">CaM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca<sup>2+</sup></a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Indirect/downstream NO modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/ACE_inhibitor" title="ACE inhibitor">ACE inhibitors</a>/<a href="/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiotensin II receptor antagonist">AT-II receptor antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Captopril" title="Captopril">captopril</a>, <a href="/wiki/Losartan" title="Losartan">losartan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endothelin_receptor_antagonist" title="Endothelin receptor antagonist">ET<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bosentan" title="Bosentan">bosentan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Type_calcium_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Type calcium channel">L-Type calcium channel</a> <a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker" title="Calcium channel blocker">blockers</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dihydropyridine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydropyridine">dihydropyridines</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">nifedipine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebivolol" title="Nebivolol">Nebivolol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">beta blocker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDE5_inhibitor" title="PDE5 inhibitor">PDE5 inhibitors</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Sildenafil" title="Sildenafil">sildenafil</a>)</li> <li>non-selective PDE inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a>)</li> <li>PDE9 inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Paraxanthine" title="Paraxanthine">paraxanthine</a>)</li> <li>cGMP preferring PDE inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, paraxanthine, tadalafil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statin" title="Statin">Statins</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">simvastatin</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nitrogen_species87" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nitrogen_compounds" title="Template:Nitrogen compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nitrogen_compounds" title="Template talk:Nitrogen compounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nitrogen_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nitrogen compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nitrogen_species87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hydrides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">NH<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium" title="Ammonium">NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_amides#Alkali_metal_amides" title="Metal amides">NH<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitride" title="Nitride">N<sup>3−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxylamine" title="Hydroxylamine">NH<sub>2</sub>OH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazoic_acid" title="Hydrazoic acid">HN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azide" title="Azide">N<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_pentahydride" title="Nitrogen pentahydride"><i>NH<sub>5</sub></i></a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">NR<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imine" title="Imine">>C=NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amide" title="Amide">−CONR<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrile" title="Nitrile">−CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">HCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">CN<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanogen" title="Cyanogen">(CN)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">H<sub>2</sub>NCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanate" title="Cyanate">HOCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanate" title="Isocyanate">HNCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isothiocyanate" title="Isothiocyanate">HNCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazomethane" title="Diazomethane">CH<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso">–NO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound">–NO<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide" title="Nitrogen oxide">Oxides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">NO</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_dioxide" title="Dinitrogen dioxide">(NO)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_trioxide" title="Dinitrogen trioxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_acid" title="Nitrous acid">HNO<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Nitrosonium" title="Nitrosonium">NO<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">NO<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_pentoxide" title="Dinitrogen pentoxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">HNO<sub>3</sub></a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Nitronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitronium">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_radical" title="Nitrate radical">NO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">HNO</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hyponitrous_acid" title="Hyponitrous acid">(HON)<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Hyponitrite" title="Hyponitrite">N<sub>2</sub>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">N<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitramide" title="Nitramide">H<sub>2</sub>NNO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxynitrous_acid" title="Peroxynitrous acid">HO<sub>2</sub>NO</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peroxynitrite" title="Peroxynitrite">ONOO<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxynitric_acid" title="Peroxynitric acid">HO<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Peroxynitrate" title="Peroxynitrate">O<sub>2</sub>NOO<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthonitrate" title="Orthonitrate">NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxylic_acid" title="Nitroxylic acid">H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/Angeli%27s_salt" title="Angeli's salt">N<sub>2</sub>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Halides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_monofluoride" title="Nitrogen monofluoride">NF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_difluoride" title="Nitrogen difluoride">NF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trifluoride" title="Nitrogen trifluoride">NF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_pentafluoride" title="Nitrogen pentafluoride"><i>NF<sub>5</sub></i></a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trichloride" title="Nitrogen trichloride">NCl<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_tribromide" title="Nitrogen tribromide">NBr<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_triiodide" title="Nitrogen triiodide">NI<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorine_azide" title="Fluorine azide">FN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_azide" title="Chlorine azide">ClN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromine_azide" title="Bromine azide">BrN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_azide" title="Iodine azide">IN<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroamine" title="Fluoroamine">NH<sub>2</sub>F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_difluoride" title="Dinitrogen difluoride">N<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochloramine" title="Monochloramine">NH<sub>2</sub>Cl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Difluoramine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difluoramine (page does not exist)">NHF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichloramine" title="Dichloramine">NHCl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibromamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibromamine (page does not exist)">NHBr<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diiodoamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diiodoamine (page does not exist)">NHI<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="font-size:112%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nitride" title="Nitride">−3</a></b></span>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">−2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroxylamine" title="Hydroxylamine">−1</a>, 0, <a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">+1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">+2</a>, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">+3</a></b></span>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">+4</a>, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">+5</a></b></span> (a strongly <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acidic</a> oxide)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Functional_groups729" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Functional_groups" title="Template:Functional groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Functional_groups" title="Template talk:Functional groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Functional_groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Functional groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Functional_groups729" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Functional_group" title="Functional group">Functional groups</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">Hydrocarbons</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(only C and H)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkyl">Alkyl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_group" title="Methyl group">Methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_group" title="Ethyl group">Ethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyl_group" title="Propyl group">Propyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopropyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopropyl">Cyclopropyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyl_group" title="Butyl group">Butyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentyl_group" title="Pentyl group">Pentyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_group" title="Methylene group">Methylene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_bridge" title="Methylene bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methine_group" title="Methine group">Methine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkene" title="Alkene">Alkene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_group" title="Vinyl group">Vinyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_group" title="Allyl group">Allyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propenyl" title="Propenyl">1-Propenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotyl_group" title="Crotyl group">Crotyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenes" title="Allenes">Allene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumulene" title="Cumulene">Cumulene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryl" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryl">Aryl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phenyl_group" title="Phenyl group">Phenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzyl_group" title="Benzyl group">Benzyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkyne" title="Alkyne">Alkyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbene" title="Carbene">Carbene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Only <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <br />and <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(only C, H and O)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R-O-R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetal" title="Acetal">Acetal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)" title="Alcohol (chemistry)">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkoxy_group" title="Alkoxy group">Alkoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_group" title="Methoxy group">Methoxy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ether" title="Ether">Ether</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enol_ether" title="Enol ether">Enol ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxide" title="Epoxide">Epoxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_peroxides" title="Organic peroxides">Peroxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydroperoxide" title="Hydroperoxide">Hydroperoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxirane" title="Dioxirane">Dioxiranes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylenedioxy" title="Ethylenedioxy">Ethylenedioxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxy" title="Methylenedioxy">Methylenedioxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carbonyl_group" title="Carbonyl group">carbonyl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acyl_group" title="Acyl group">Acyl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetyl_group" title="Acetyl group">Acetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acryloyl_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Acryloyl group">Acryloyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoyl_group" title="Benzoyl group">Benzoyl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldehyde" title="Aldehyde">Aldehyde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketene" title="Ketene">Ketene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketone" title="Ketone">Ketone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ynone" title="Ynone">Ynone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reductone" title="Reductone">Reductone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">carboxy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_acid" title="Carboxylic acid">Carboxyl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetoxy_group" title="Acetoxy group">Acetoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_anhydride" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboxylic anhydride">Anhydride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">Ester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthoester" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthoester">Orthoester</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Only one <br />element, <br />not being <br />carbon, <br />hydrogen, <br />or oxygen <br /><span class="nobold">(one element, <br />not C, H or O)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">Amine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enamine" title="Enamine">Enamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaternary_ammonium_cation" title="Quaternary ammonium cation">Ammonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazines" title="Hydrazines">Hydrazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrene" title="Nitrene">Nitrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imine" title="Imine">Imine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxime" title="Oxime">Oxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrazone" title="Hydrazone">Hydrazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azo_compound" title="Azo compound">Azo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amide_(functional_group)" title="Amide (functional group)">Amide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidate" class="mw-redirect" title="Imidate">Imidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidine" title="Amidine">Amidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">Carbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imide" title="Imide">Imide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrile" title="Nitrile">Nitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanide" title="Isocyanide">Isonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanate_ester" title="Cyanate ester">Cyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanate" title="Isocyanate">Isocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_ester" title="Nitrate ester">Nitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrite_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrite ester">Nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitro_compound" title="Nitro compound">Nitro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso">Nitroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NONOate" title="NONOate">NONOate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Silicon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silane" title="Silane">Silane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrosilane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrosilane">Hydrosilane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorosilane" title="Chlorosilane">Chlorosilane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organosilicon_chemistry#Silenes" title="Organosilicon chemistry">Silene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silanol" title="Silanol">Silanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siloxide" title="Siloxide">Siloxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siloxane" title="Siloxane">Siloxane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silanone" title="Silanone">Silanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silyl_ether" title="Silyl ether">Silether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalloles" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalloles">Silole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silatrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Silatrane">Silatrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicate" title="Silicate">Silicate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organophosphate" title="Organophosphate">Phosphate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphodiester" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphodiester">Phosphodiester</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphonate" title="Phosphonate">Phosphonate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphite_ester" title="Phosphite ester">Phosphite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphonite" title="Phosphonite">Phosphonous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphinate" title="Phosphinate">Phosphinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphine_oxide" title="Phosphine oxide">Phosphine oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organophosphine" title="Organophosphine">Phosphine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphonium" title="Phosphonium">Phosphonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphaalkene" title="Phosphaalkene">Phosphaalkene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphaalkyne" title="Phosphaalkyne">Phosphaalkyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Phosphaallenes" title="1-Phosphaallenes">Phosphaallene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiol" title="Thiol">Thiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioether" class="mw-redirect" title="Thioether">Thioether</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonium" title="Sulfonium">Sulfonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persulfide" title="Persulfide">Persulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfide" title="Disulfide">Disulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfenic_acid" title="Sulfenic acid">Sulfenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiosulfinate" title="Thiosulfinate">Thiosulfinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfoxide" title="Sulfoxide">Sulfoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiosulfonate" title="Thiosulfonate">Thiosulfonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfinic_acid" title="Sulfinic acid">Sulfinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfone" title="Sulfone">Sulfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid" title="Sulfonic acid">Sulfonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioketone" title="Thioketone">Thioketone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thial" title="Thial">Thial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioester" title="Thioester">Thioester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thionoester" class="mw-redirect" title="Thionoester">Thionoester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioxanthate" title="Thioxanthate">Thioxanthate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthate" title="Xanthate">Xanthate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boronic_acid" title="Boronic acid">Boronic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borinic_acid" title="Borinic acid">Borinic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selenol" title="Selenol">Selenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenonic_acid" title="Selenonic acid">Selenonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleninic_acid" title="Seleninic acid">Seleninic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenenic_acid" title="Selenenic acid">Selenenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selone" title="Selone">Selone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenide#Inorganic_selenides" title="Selenide">Selenoether</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tellurol" title="Tellurol">Tellurol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluroketone" title="Telluroketone">Telluroketone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluride_(chemistry)#Organic_tellurides" title="Telluride (chemistry)">telluroether</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polonium_hydride#Properties" title="Polonium hydride">Polonol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organopolonium_chemistry" title="Organopolonium chemistry">Polonoether</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Halocarbon" title="Halocarbon">Halo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haloalkane" title="Haloalkane">Haloalkane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroethyl" title="Fluoroethyl">Fluoroethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoromethyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Trifluoromethyl">Trifluoromethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichloromethyl_group" title="Trichloromethyl group">Trichloromethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoromethoxy_group" title="Trifluoromethoxy group">Trifluoromethoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodane" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodane">Hypervalent iodine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_halide" title="Vinyl halide">Vinyl halide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_iodide_functional_group" title="Vinyl iodide functional group">Iodide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acyl_halide" title="Acyl halide">Acyl halide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acyl_chloride" title="Acyl chloride">Chloride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchlorate_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Perchlorate ester">Perchlorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isothiocyanate" title="Isothiocyanate">Isothiocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphoramides" title="Phosphoramides">Phosphoramides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfenyl_chloride" title="Sulfenyl chloride">Sulfenyl chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide" title="Sulfonamide">Sulfonamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_thiocyanates" title="Organic thiocyanates">Thiocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfinylamine" title="Sulfinylamine">Sulfinylamines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical classification">chemical classification</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">chemical nomenclature</a></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_inorganic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry">inorganic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry">organic</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_nitrate_ion134" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;table-layout:fixed;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nitrates" title="Template:Nitrates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nitrates" title="Template talk:Nitrates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nitrates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nitrates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_nitrate_ion134" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Salts and covalent derivatives of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">nitrate</a> ion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="overflow-x:auto"> <table class="center"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">HNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="11" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_nitrate" title="Lithium nitrate">LiNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_nitrate" title="Beryllium nitrate">Be(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetranitratoborate" title="Tetranitratoborate">B(NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span></a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_ester" title="Nitrate ester">RONO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Carbonate_nitrate" title="Carbonate nitrate">+CO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oxalate_nitrate" title="Oxalate nitrate">+C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate" title="Ammonium nitrate">NH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peroxynitric_acid" title="Peroxynitric acid">HOONO<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluorine_nitrate" title="Fluorine nitrate">FNO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fluoride_nitrate" title="Fluoride nitrate">+F</a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrate" title="Sodium nitrate">NaNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_nitrate" title="Magnesium nitrate">Mg(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_nitrate" title="Aluminium nitrate">Al(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetranitratoaluminate" title="Tetranitratoaluminate">Al(NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span></a></span> </td> <td>Si </td> <td>P </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulfate_nitrates" title="Sulfate nitrates">+SO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_nitrate" title="Chlorine nitrate">ClONO<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_chlorides" title="Nitrate chlorides">+Cl</a> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">KNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium_nitrate" title="Calcium nitrate">Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandium_nitrate" title="Scandium nitrate">Sc(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium(IV)_nitrate" title="Titanium(IV) nitrate">Ti(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadyl_nitrate" title="Vanadyl nitrate">VO(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_nitrate" title="Chromium(III) nitrate">Cr(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_nitrate" title="Manganese(II) nitrate">Mn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_nitrate" title="Iron(II) nitrate">Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_nitrate" title="Iron(III) nitrate">Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_nitrate" title="Cobalt(II) nitrate">Co(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(III)_nitrate" title="Cobalt(III) nitrate">Co(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_nitrate" title="Nickel(II) nitrate">Ni(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_nitrate" title="Copper(I) nitrate">CuNO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_nitrate" title="Copper(II) nitrate">Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_nitrate" title="Zinc nitrate">Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gallium_nitrate" title="Gallium nitrate">Ga(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Ge </td> <td>As </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_selenite" title="Nitrate selenite">+SeO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine_nitrate" title="Bromine nitrate">BrNO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrate_bromide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrate bromide (page does not exist)">+Br</a> </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_nitrate" title="Rubidium nitrate">RbNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium_nitrate" title="Strontium nitrate">Sr(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium(III)_nitrate" title="Yttrium(III) nitrate">Y(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium_nitrate" title="Zirconium nitrate">Zr(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium(V)_oxynitrate" title="Niobium(V) oxynitrate">NbO(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molybdenum(VI)_dioxynitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molybdenum(VI) dioxynitrate (page does not exist)">MoO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Tc </td> <td>Ru </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodium(III)_nitrate" title="Rhodium(III) nitrate">Rh(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium(II)_nitrate" title="Palladium(II) nitrate">Pd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_nitrate" title="Silver nitrate">AgNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_nitrate" title="Cadmium nitrate">Cd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indium(III)_nitrate" title="Indium(III) nitrate">In(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_nitrate" title="Tin(IV) nitrate">Sn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimony(III)_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony(III) nitrate">Sb<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Te </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_nitrate" title="Iodine nitrate">INO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodate_nitrate" title="Iodate nitrate">+IO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xenon_nitrate" title="Xenon nitrate">Xe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_nitrate" title="Caesium nitrate">CsNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium_nitrate" title="Barium nitrate">Ba(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutetium(III)_nitrate" title="Lutetium(III) nitrate">Lu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnium_nitrate" title="Hafnium nitrate">Hf(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum(V)_oxynitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum(V) oxynitrate (page does not exist)">TaO(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsten(VI)_dioxynitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tungsten(VI) dioxynitrate (page does not exist)">WO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium_trioxynitrate" title="Rhenium trioxynitrate">ReO<sub>3</sub>NO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Os </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triiridium_decanitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triiridium decanitrate (page does not exist)">Ir<sub>3</sub>O(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>10</sub></a> </td> <td>Pt </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nitratoauric_acid" title="Nitratoauric acid">Au(NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_nitrate" title="Mercury(I) nitrate">Hg<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_nitrate" title="Mercury(II) nitrate">Hg(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_nitrate" title="Thallium(I) nitrate">TlNO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thallium(III)_nitrate" title="Thallium(III) nitrate">Tl(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_nitrate" title="Lead(II) nitrate">Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_nitrate" title="Bismuth(III) nitrate">Bi(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_oxynitrate" title="Bismuth oxynitrate">BiO(NO<sub>3</sub>)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polonium_tetranitrate" title="Polonium tetranitrate">Po(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>At </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francium_nitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francium nitrate (page does not exist)">FrNO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium_nitrate" title="Radium nitrate">Ra(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">** </td> <td>Lr </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="20">  </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_nitrate" title="Lanthanum(III) nitrate">La(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium nitrate">Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cerium_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium nitrate">Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_nitrate" title="Praseodymium(III) nitrate">Pr(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium_nitrate" title="Neodymium nitrate">Nd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Promethium(III)_nitrate" title="Promethium(III) nitrate">Pm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_nitrate" title="Samarium(III) nitrate">Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_nitrate" title="Europium(III) nitrate">Eu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_nitrate" title="Gadolinium(III) nitrate">Gd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III)_nitrate" title="Terbium(III) nitrate">Tb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(III)_nitrate" title="Dysprosium(III) nitrate">Dy(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmium(III)_nitrate" title="Holmium(III) nitrate">Ho(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_nitrate" title="Erbium(III) nitrate">Er(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thulium(III)_nitrate" title="Thulium(III) nitrate">Tm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(III)_nitrate" title="Ytterbium(III) nitrate">Yb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">** </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinium(III)_nitrate" title="Actinium(III) nitrate">Ac(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium(IV)_nitrate" title="Thorium(IV) nitrate">Th(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protactinyl_nitrate" title="Protactinyl nitrate">PaO(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranyl_nitrate" title="Uranyl nitrate">UO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptunium(IV)_nitrate" title="Neptunium(IV) nitrate">Np(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium(IV)_nitrate" title="Plutonium(IV) nitrate">Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americium(III)_nitrate" title="Americium(III) nitrate">Am(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curium(III)_nitrate" title="Curium(III) nitrate">Cm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkelium(III)_nitrate" title="Berkelium(III) nitrate">Bk(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium(III)_nitrate" title="Californium(III) nitrate">Cf(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Es </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox674" 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