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decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div 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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tipovi_alergena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipovi_alergena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tipovi alergena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipovi_alergena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uobičajeni_alergeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uobičajeni_alergeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uobičajeni alergeni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uobičajeni_alergeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sezonska_alergija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sezonska_alergija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sezonska alergija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sezonska_alergija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Sezonska alergija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sezonska_alergija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dijagnoza_sezonske_alergije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dijagnoza_sezonske_alergije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dijagnoza sezonske alergije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dijagnoza_sezonske_alergije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gljivični_alergeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gljivični_alergeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gljivični alergeni</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gljivični_alergeni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Gljivični alergeni</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gljivični_alergeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liječenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liječenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Liječenje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liječenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alergen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 54 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مولد الحساسية – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مولد الحساسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Allergen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Алерген – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алерген" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95" title="অতিসংবেদনশীলকারক – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অতিসংবেদনশীলকারক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="མི་འཕྲོད་སློང་རྐྱེན། – tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མི་འཕྲོད་སློང་རྐྱེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C2%B7lergogen" title="Al·lergogen – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Al·lergogen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئەلێرجین – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلێرجین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergen" title="Alergen – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alergen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergen" title="Alergen – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alergen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Allergen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Allergen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Αλλεργιογόνο – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλλεργιογόνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Allergen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergeno" title="Alergeno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alergeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A9rgeno" title="Alérgeno – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alérgeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergeen" title="Allergeen – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Allergeen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergeno" title="Alergeno – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alergeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%B1%DA%98%D9%86" title="آلرژن – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلرژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergeeni" title="Allergeeni – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Allergeeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allerg%C3%A8ne" title="Allergène – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allergène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A9rxeno" title="Alérxeno – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alérxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9F" title="אלרגן – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלרגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergen" title="Alergen – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alergen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A8j%C3%A8n" title="Alèjèn – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alèjèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allerg%C3%A9n" title="Allergén – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Allergén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ալերգեն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալերգեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergene" title="Allergene – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Allergene" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergen" title="Alergen – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alergen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergene" title="Allergene – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Allergene" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3" title="アレルゲン – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレルゲン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergen" title="Alergen – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alergen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аллерген – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аллерген" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%88%EB%A5%B4%EA%B2%90" title="알레르겐 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알레르겐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergenas" title="Alergenas – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alergenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergeen" title="Allergeen – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Allergeen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Allergen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergen" title="Alergen – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alergen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A9rgeno" title="Alérgeno – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alérgeno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergen" title="Alergen – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alergen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аллерген – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аллерген" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergen" title="Alergen – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alergen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A" title="ආසාත්මිකතාකාරක – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආසාත්මිකතාකාරක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Allergen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alerg%C3%A9n" title="Alergén – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alergén" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alergen" title="Alergen – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alergen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Алерген – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алерген" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Allergen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="ஒவ்வாமையூக்கி – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒவ்வாமையூக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аллерген – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аллерген" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%89" title="สารก่อภูมิแพ้ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารก่อภูมิแพ้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alerjen" title="Alerjen – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alerjen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Алергени – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алергени" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Allergen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%95%8F%E5%8E%9F" title="过敏原 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="过敏原" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186752#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alergen" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Misc_pollen_colorized.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Misc_pollen_colorized.jpg/270px-Misc_pollen_colorized.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Misc_pollen_colorized.jpg/405px-Misc_pollen_colorized.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Misc_pollen_colorized.jpg/540px-Misc_pollen_colorized.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption>Polenova zrnca mnogih biljaka ubrajaju se među najčešće okolinske alergene</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alergeni</b> su tip <a href="/wiki/Antigen" title="Antigen">antigena</a> koji proizvodi nenormalno snažan <a href="/wiki/Imunski_odgovor" title="Imunski odgovor">imunski odgovor</a> u kojem se <a href="/wiki/Imunski_sistem" class="mw-redirect" title="Imunski sistem">imunski sistem</a> bori protiv uočene prijetnje koja bi u protivnom bila štetna za tijelo. Takve reakcije se nazivaju <a href="/wiki/Alergija" title="Alergija">alergije</a>. </p><p>Tehnički gledano, alergen je antigen koji je sposoban stimulirati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preosjetljivost_tipa_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preosjetljivost tipa I (stranica ne postoji)">preosjetljivost tipa I</a> kod <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atopija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atopija (stranica ne postoji)">atopijskih</a> osoba putem odgovora <a href="/wiki/Imunoglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Imunoglobulin">imunoglobulina E</a> (IgE ).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Većina ljudi ispoljava značajne odgovore imunoloblobina E samo kao odbranu od <a href="/wiki/Parazit" class="mw-redirect" title="Parazit">parazitskij</a> <a href="/wiki/Infekcija" title="Infekcija">infekcija</a>. Međutim, neke osobe mogu reagirati na mnoge uobičajene antigene iz okruženja. Ta se nasljedna predispozicija naziva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atopija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atopija (stranica ne postoji)">atopija</a>. U atopijskih osoba, neparazitski antigeni podstiču neprimjerenu proizvodnju IgE, što dovodi do preosjetljivosti tipa I. </p><p>Osjetljivost uveliko varira od jedne do druge osobe (ili od jedne do druge životinje). Osjetljivim pojedincima može biti alergen vrlo širok spektar supstanci. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipovi_alergena">Tipovi alergena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Tipovi alergena"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tipovi alergena"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alergeni se mogu naći u različitim izvorima, kao što su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pra%C5%A1ina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prašina (stranica ne postoji)">prašina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polen</a>, kućni ljubimci <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perut (stranica ne postoji)">perut</a> ili čak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mati%C4%8Dna_mlije%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matična mliječ (stranica ne postoji)">matična mliječ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alergije na hranu nisu tako česte, ali neke namirnice kao što su <a href="/wiki/Kikiriki" title="Kikiriki">kikiriki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mahunarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahunarke">mahunarke</a>), <a href="/wiki/Orah_(plod)" title="Orah (plod)">orasi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plodovi_mora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plodovi mora (stranica ne postoji)">plodovi mora</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koljke" class="mw-redirect" title="Školjke">školjke</a> su uzrok ozbiljnih alergija kod mnogih ljudi. Službeno, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uprava_za_hranu_i_lijekove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uprava za hranu i lijekove (stranica ne postoji)">Uprava za hranu i lijekove</a> <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a> prepoznaje osam namirnica kao uobičajene za alergijske reakcije u velikom dijelu osjetljive populacije. Uključuju kikiriki, orašaste plodove, jaja, mlijeko, školjke, <a href="/wiki/Ribe" title="Ribe">ribe</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C5%A1enica" title="Pšenica">pšenicu</a> i njihove derivate, <a href="/wiki/Soja" title="Soja">soju</a> i njene derivate, kao i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfit (stranica ne postoji)">sulfite</a> (na bazi hemijskih sastojaka, koji se često nalaze u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aroma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aroma (stranica ne postoji)">aromama</a> i <a href="/wiki/Boja" title="Boja">bojama</a> u hrani) od 10 ppm i više. U drugim zemljama, s obzirom na razlike u genetičkim profilima građana i različitoj razini izloženosti određenoj hrani zbog različitih prehrambenih navika, "službeni" popis alergena je promijenjen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> prepoznaje svih osam alergena koje su priznale SAD, a takođe prepoznaje i sjeme <a href="/wiki/Sezam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sezam">sezama</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Evropska_unija" title="Evropska unija">Evropska unija</a> dodatno prepoznaje ostale <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDitarice_koje_sadr%C5%BEe_gluten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Žitarice koje sadrže gluten (stranica ne postoji)">žitarice koje sadrže gluten</a> kao i <a href="/wiki/Celer" title="Celer">celer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Le%C4%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Leća">leću</a>. </p><p>Još jedan alergen je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urushiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urushiol (stranica ne postoji)">urushiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smola" title="Smola">smola</a> u produkciji <a href="/wiki/Otrov" title="Otrov">otrovnog</a> bršljana i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otrovni_hrast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otrovni hrast (stranica ne postoji)">otrovni hrast</a>, što uzrokuje osip poznat kao urushiolom izazvani <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontaktni_dermatitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontaktni dermatitis (stranica ne postoji)">kontaktni dermatitis</a> promjenom konfiguracije ćelija kože tako da ih imunski sistem više ne prepoznaje kao dio sopstvenog tijela. Razno drveće i proizvodi od drveta, poput <a href="/wiki/Papir" title="Papir">papira</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karton (stranica ne postoji)">kartona</a>, MDF-a, također mogu uzrokovati blage do jake simptome alergije, dodirom ili udisanjem piljevine, a poput astme i osipa na koži.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alergijsku reakciju može izazvati bilo koji oblik direktnog kontakta s alergenom – konzumiranjem hrane ili pića osjetljivih na gutanje, udisanje <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parfem" title="Parfem">parfema</a> ili peruti kućnog ljubimca ili četkanje dijela tijela protiv izazivanja biljne alergije (direktan kontakt). Ostali uobičajeni uzroci ozbiljne alergije su ubodi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osa (stranica ne postoji)">osa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/Mrav" class="mw-redirect" title="Mrav">mravi</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i ubodi <a href="/wiki/P%C4%8Dela" title="Pčela">pčela</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Penicilin" title="Penicilin">penicilin</a>, i alergija na <a href="/wiki/Lateks" title="Lateks">lateks</a>. Izuzetno ozbiljan oblik alergijske reakcije naziva se <a href="/wiki/Anafilaksa" title="Anafilaksa">anafilaksa</a>. Jedan oblik liječenja je primjena sterilnog <a href="/wiki/Epinefrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinefrin">epinefrina</a> osobi koja doživljava anafilaksu, što suzbija prekomjernu reakciju tijela na alergen i omogućava prenošenje pacijenta u medicinsku ustanovu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uobičajeni_alergeni"><span id="Uobi.C4.8Dajeni_alergeni"></span>Uobičajeni alergeni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Uobičajeni alergeni"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Uobičajeni alergeni"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spisak_alergija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spisak alergija (stranica ne postoji)">Spisak alergija</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Misc_pollen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Misc_pollen.jpg/250px-Misc_pollen.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Misc_pollen.jpg/375px-Misc_pollen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Misc_pollen.jpg/500px-Misc_pollen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption>Polenova zrnna pod skenirajućim elektronskim mikroskopom. Polen je veoma čest alergen.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:House_Dust_Mite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/House_Dust_Mite.jpg/250px-House_Dust_Mite.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/House_Dust_Mite.jpg/375px-House_Dust_Mite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/House_Dust_Mite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grinja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grinja (stranica ne postoji)">Grinja</a> iz kućne prašine, njen izmet i <a href="/wiki/Hitin" title="Hitin">hitin</a> su uobičajeni alergeni u kući</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Peanuts,_Egg,_and_Milk_(33000737773).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Peanuts%2C_Egg%2C_and_Milk_%2833000737773%29.jpg/220px-Peanuts%2C_Egg%2C_and_Milk_%2833000737773%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Peanuts%2C_Egg%2C_and_Milk_%2833000737773%29.jpg/330px-Peanuts%2C_Egg%2C_and_Milk_%2833000737773%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Peanuts%2C_Egg%2C_and_Milk_%2833000737773%29.jpg/440px-Peanuts%2C_Egg%2C_and_Milk_%2833000737773%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Uobičajeni alergeni iz hrane</figcaption></figure> <p>Osim stranih proteina u stranom serumu (od <a href="/wiki/Transfuzija_krvi" title="Transfuzija krvi">transfuzije krvi</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Vakcina" title="Vakcina">vakcina</a>, uobičajene alergene uključuju: </p> <ul><li>Životinjski proizvodi <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feld1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feld1 (stranica ne postoji)">Feld1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergija_na_ma%C4%8Dke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alergija na mačke (stranica ne postoji)">Alergija na mačke</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzno" title="Krzno">Krzno</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perut (stranica ne postoji)">perut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDohar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Žohar (stranica ne postoji)">Žohari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Insekt">insekti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuna" title="Vuna">Vuna</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pra%C5%A1ina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prašina (stranica ne postoji)">Izlučevine u prašini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergija_na_lijekove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alergija na lijekove (stranica ne postoji)">Lijekovi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penicilin" title="Penicilin">Penicilin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfonamid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfonamid (stranica ne postoji)">Sulfonamidi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salicilat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salicilat (stranica ne postoji)">Salicilati</a> (također se prirodno nalaze u mnogim <a href="/wiki/Plod" title="Plod">plodovima</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergija_na_hranu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alergija na hranu (stranica ne postoji)">Alergija na hranu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celer" title="Celer">Celer</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukuruz" title="Kukuruz">Kukuruz</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Kukuruz" title="Kukuruz">kukuruzovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaja">Jaja</a> (obično <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albumini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albumini (stranica ne postoji)">albumini</a>, iz bijelanceta)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergija_na_vo%C4%87e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alergija na voće (stranica ne postoji)">Alergija na voće</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundeva">Bundeva</a>, biljka</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leguminoze" class="mw-redirect" title="Leguminoze">Leguminoze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grah" title="Grah">Grahovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C5%A1ak" title="Grašak">Graškovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikiriki" title="Kikiriki">Kikirikiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soja" title="Soja">Soja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlijeko" title="Mlijeko">Mlijeko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergija_na_morsku_hranu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alergija na morsku hranu (stranica ne postoji)">Plodovi mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susam" title="Susam">Susam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orah" title="Orah">Orasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badem" title="Badem">Bademi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergija_na_p%C5%A1enicu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alergija na pšenicu (stranica ne postoji)">Pšenice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergija_na_ubod_insekta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alergija na ubod insekta (stranica ne postoji)">Ubodi insekata</a> <ul><li>Ubodi <a href="/wiki/P%C4%8Dela" title="Pčela">pčela</a>, ubodni <a href="/wiki/Otrov" title="Otrov">otrovi</a></li> <li>Ubodni otrov <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osa (stranica ne postoji)">osa</a></li> <li>Ubod <a href="/wiki/Komarac" title="Komarac">komaraca</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kapsule <a href="/wiki/Spora" title="Spora">spora</a></li> <li>Top 5 alergena otkrivenih u testiranju na alergije 2005–06: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikl-sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikl-sulfat (stranica ne postoji)">Nikl-sulfat</a> (19,0%)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balzam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balzam (stranica ne postoji)">Balzam</a> u <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peruu</a> (11,9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parfem" title="Parfem">Parfem</a> mix I (11,5%)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvaternij-15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvaternij-15 (stranica ne postoji)">Kvaternij-15</a> (10,3%) i</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neomicin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neomicin (stranica ne postoji)">Neomicin</a> (10,0%).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">Metali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl">Nikl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom">Hrom</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ostalo <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergija_na_lateks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alergija na lateks (stranica ne postoji)">Lateks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drvo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Drvo">Drvo</a></li> <li>Biljni <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">poleni</a> (<a href="/wiki/Groznica" title="Groznica">groznica</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trava" class="mw-redirect" title="Trava">Trava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korov" title="Korov">Korovi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ambrozija" title="Ambrozija">ambrozija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bokvica" title="Bokvica">bokvica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kopriva" title="Kopriva">kopriva </a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelin" title="Pelin">pelin</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemisia_vulgaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemisia vulgaris (stranica ne postoji)">Artemisia vulgaris</a></i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenopodium">Chenopodium</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabla" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabla">Stablašice</a> – <a href="/wiki/Breza" title="Breza">breza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasen" class="mw-disambig" title="Jasen">jasen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lijeska" title="Lijeska">lijeska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grab" class="mw-disambig" title="Grab">grab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesten" title="Kesten">kesten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrba" title="Vrba">vrba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topola" title="Topola">topola</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platan (stranica ne postoji)">platani</a>, rodovi <i><a href="/wiki/Tilia" title="Tilia">Tilia</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olea (stranica ne postoji)">Olea</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Juniperus" title="Juniperus">Juniperus</a></i>, <i>Alstonia scilaris</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2005_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sezonska_alergija">Sezonska alergija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Sezonska alergija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sezonska alergija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sezonski simptomi alergija obično se javljaju tokom određenih dijelova godine, obično tokom <a href="/wiki/Prolje%C4%87e" title="Proljeće">proljeć</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ljeto" title="Ljeto">ljeta</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Jesen" title="Jesen">jeseni</a>, kada je izvjesno da se <a href="/wiki/Stabla" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabla">stablašice</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Trave" class="mw-redirect" title="Trave">trave</a> oprašuju. To zavisi od vrste drveća ili trave. Naprimjer, neka stabla poput <a href="/wiki/Hrast" title="Hrast">hrasta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brijest" class="mw-disambig" title="Brijest">brijesta</a> i <a href="/wiki/Javor" title="Javor">javora</a> oprašuju se u proljeće, dok trave poput <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynodon_dactylon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynodon dactylon (stranica ne postoji)">Cynodon dactylon</a></i>, timusa i voćnjaci opraštaju ljeti.<sup id="cite_ref-Seasonal_Allergy_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seasonal_Allergy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merck_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merck-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alergija" title="Alergija">Alergija</a> na travu uglavnom je povezana sa groznicom od sijena, jer su njeni simptomi i uzroci nekako slični jedni drugima. Simptomi uključuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergijski_rinitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alergijski rinitis (stranica ne postoji)">alergijski rinitis</a>, koji uzrokuje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kihanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kihanje (stranica ne postoji)">kihanje</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curenje_iz_nosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curenje iz nosa (stranica ne postoji)">curenje iz nosa</a>, kao i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergijski_konjuktivitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alergijski konjuktivitis (stranica ne postoji)">alergijski konjuktivitis</a>, koji uključuje suzenje i svrbež u očima. Također se može osjetiti početno škakiljanje na svodu usta ili u stražnjem dijelu grla. </p><p>Također, ovisno o sezoni, simptomi mogu biti jači i ljudi mogu imati <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1ljanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Kašljanje">kašljanje</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piskanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piskanje (stranica ne postoji)">piskanje</a> i razdražljivost. Nekoliko ljudi čak postane depresivno, gubi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apetit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apetit (stranica ne postoji)">apetit</a> ili imaju problema sa spavanjem. Štaviše, budući da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinusi (stranica ne postoji)">sinusi</a> mogu takođe biti zagušeni, neki ljudi dožive <a href="/wiki/Glavobolja" title="Glavobolja">glavobolju</a>. </p><p>Ako su oba roditelja u prošlosti patila od alergija, postoji 66% šanse da osoba-potomak pati od sezonskih alergija, a rizik se smanjuje na 60% ako je samo jedan roditelj patio od alergije. Imunski sistem također ima snažan utjecaj na sezonske alergije, jer različito reagira na različite alergene poput polena. Kad alergen uđe u tijelo predisponiranih za alergije, on pokreće imunsku reakciju i proizvodnju antitijela. Ta antitijela za alergene migriraju u mastocite koji služe za nos, oči i pluća. Kada alergen uđe u nos više od jednom, <a href="/wiki/Mastociti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastociti">mastociti</a> oslobađaju niz hemikalija ili histamina koji iritiraju i upale vlažne nosne membrane i proizvode simptome alergijske reakcije: ogrebotine u grlu, svrbež, kihanje i vodnjikav oči. Neki simptomi koji razlikuju alergiju od prehlade uključuju: </p> <ul><li>Nema groznice;</li> <li>Sluzokožne sekrecije su cureće i bistre;</li> <li>Kihanja koja se pojavljuju u brzim slijedovima;</li> <li>Svrab u grlu, ušima i nosu;</li> <li>Ovi simptomi obično traju duže od 7-10 dana.</li></ul> <p>Među sezonskim alergijama postoje i neki alergeni koji se udružuju i proizvode novu vrstu alergije. Naprimjer, alergični na polen iz trave stupaju u reakciju s proteinima alergije na hranu u povrću poput luka, zelene salate, mrkve, celera i kukuruza. Uz to, srodnici alergena polena breze poput jabuke, grožđa, breskve, celera i marelice stvaraju jak svrab u ušima i grlu. Alergija na cvijetni polen donosi unakrsnu reaktivnost između različitih vrsta poput <a href="/wiki/Maslina" title="Maslina">maslina</a>, stabla <a href="/wiki/Jasen" class="mw-disambig" title="Jasen">jasena</a> i alergena ruskih maslina. U nekim seoskim područjima postoji još jedan oblik sezonske alergije na travu, koji kombinira čestice polena iz zraka pomiješane s plijesnima. </p><p>Najnovija istraživanja sugeriraju da bi ljudi mogli razviti alergije kao obranu protiv borbe protiv <a href="/wiki/Parazit" class="mw-redirect" title="Parazit">parazita</a>. Prema imunologu Univerziteta Yale, dr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruslan_Medzhitov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruslan Medzhitov (stranica ne postoji)">Ruslanu Medzhitovu</a>, proteazni alergeni cijepaju iste senzorske proteine koji su evoluirali u otkrivanju <a href="/wiki/Proteaza" title="Proteaza">proteaza</a> koje proizvode parazitski crvi. Pored toga, novi izvještaji o sezonskim alergijama pod nazivom „Ekstremne alergije i globalno zagrijavanje“ otkrilo su da se mnogi izazivači alergija pogoršavaju zbog klimatskih promjena. Čak 16 saveznih država u <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a> imenovano je „žarištima alergena“ za velika povećanja alergena polena drveća ako se zagađenje globalnim zagrevanjem stalno povećava. Stoga su istraživači iz ovog izvještaja tvrdili da je globalno zagrijavanje loša vijest za milione astmatičara u Sjedinjenim Državama čije napade astme pokreću sezonske alergije. Doista, sezonske alergije su jedan od glavnih pokretača astme, uz prehladu ili gripu, dim cigarete i vježbanje. Naprimjer, u Kanadi do 75% astmatičara ima i sezonske alergije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dijagnoza_sezonske_alergije">Dijagnoza sezonske alergije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Dijagnoza sezonske alergije"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Dijagnoza sezonske alergije"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na osnovu simptoma koji se vide kod pacijenta, odgovorima datim u pogledu procjene simptoma i fizičkog pregleda, liječnici mogu postaviti dijagnozu kako bi utvrdili ima li pacijent sezonsku alergiju. Nakon provođenja dijagnoze, liječnik je u stanju naći glavni uzrok alergijske reakcije i preporučiti liječenje koje treba slijediti. Da bi se utvrdio uzrok, moraju se napraviti dva ispitivanja: krvni test i kožni test. Alergolozi rade kožne testove na jedan od dva načina: ili stavljanjem neke pročišćene tečnosti alergena na kožu i ubadaju područje malom iglom; ili ubrizgavanjem male količine alergena ispod kože. </p><p>Dostupni su i alternativni alati za prepoznavanje sezonskih alergija, kao što su laboratorijski testovi, slikovni testovi i nazalna endoskopija. U laboratorijskim testovima, liječnik će uzeti nazalni bris i mikroskopski će ga ispitati zbog faktora koji mogu ukazivati na uzrok: povećani broj eozinofila (bijelih krvnih zrnaca), što ukazuje na alergijsko stanje. Ako postoji veliki broj eozinofila, može doći do alergije. </p><p>Drugi laboratorijski test je krvni test za IgE (proizvodnja imunoglobulina), poput <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioalergosorbenski_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioalergosorbenski test (stranica ne postoji)">radioalergosorbenskog testa</a> (RAST) ili najnovijih testova na enzim alergosorbent (EAST), koji se primjenjuje za otkrivanje visokog nivoa specifičnog za alergen IgE, kao odgovor na određene alergene. Iako su krvni testovi manje precizni od kožnih, mogu se izvesti na pacijentima koji ne mogu proći kožno testiranje. Slikovni testovi mogu biti korisni za otkrivanje sinusitisa kod ljudi koji pate od hroničnog rinitisa, a mogu djelovati i kada su drugi rezultati ispitivanja dvosmisleni. Postoji i nazalna endoskopija, gdje se kroz nos malom kamerom ubacuje cijev za pregled prolaza i pregled nepravilnosti u strukturi nosa. Endoskopija se može koristiti za neke slučajeve hroničnog ili neodgovarajućeg sezonskog rinitisa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gljivični_alergeni"><span id="Gljivi.C4.8Dni_alergeni"></span>Gljivični alergeni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Gljivični alergeni"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Gljivični alergeni"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U 1952, opisane su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bazidiospore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bazidiospore (stranica ne postoji)">bazidiospore</a> kao mogući alergeni u zraku Oni smatraju da je glavni izvor u zraku alergena. Bazidospornee porodice uključuju gljive, hrđe, konidiospore, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puhara (stranica ne postoji)">puhare</a>. Spore iz gljiva u zraku dostižu razinu uporedivu s plijesni i <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polenom</a>. Razina respiratorne alergije na gljive iznosi čak 30 posto osoba sa alergijskim poremećajem, ali vjeruje se da su manje od 1 posto alergija na hranu.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smatraju se glavnim izvorom alergena u zraku.<sup id="cite_ref-Horner-1991_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horner-1991-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studija je otkrila da je 27 posto pacijenata bilo alergično na ekstrakte micelije bazidiomiceta, a 32 posto alergičnih na ekstrakte basidiospora, pokazujući tako visoku učestalost osjetljivosti na gljivice kod osoba sa sumnjom na alergije.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadi</a> je nađeno da je za 8% dece koja su pohađala klinike za alergiju alergična na basidiospore roda <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganoderma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganoderma (stranica ne postoji)">Ganoderma</a></i>. Ostali značajni gljivičnih alergene uključuju rodova <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspergillus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspergillus (stranica ne postoji)">Aspergillus</a></i> i <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alternaria (stranica ne postoji)">Alternaria</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Penicilin" title="Penicilin">penicilinske</a> porodice. </p><p>Neki gljivične zrakom prenosivih alergen kao što su od <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coprinus_comatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coprinus comatus (stranica ne postoji)">Coprinus comatus</a></i> povezani su s pogoršanjem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekcema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekcema (stranica ne postoji)">ekcemaskog</a> oštećenja kože. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liječenje"><span id="Lije.C4.8Denje"></span>Liječenje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Liječenje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Liječenje"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liječenje uključuje lijekove bez recepta, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antihistaminik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antihistaminik (stranica ne postoji)">antihistaminike</a>, dekongestante za nos, alergijske snimke i <a href="/wiki/Alternativna_medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternativna medicina">alternativnu medicinu</a>. U slučaju nazalnih simptoma, obično su prva opcija <i>antihistaminici</i>. Mogu se uzimati zajedno sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoefedrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudoefedrin (stranica ne postoji)">pseudoefedrinom</a>, kako bi se olakšao začepljen nos i oni mogu zaustaviti svrbež i kihanje. Neke opcije bez recepta su i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benadryl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benadryl (stranica ne postoji)">Benadryl</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tavist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tavist (stranica ne postoji)">Tavist</a>. Međutim, ovi antihistaminici mogu prouzrokovati ekstremnu pospanost, pa se savjetuje da pacijenti ne rade na teškim mašimama ili da voze dok uzimaju ovu vrstu lijekova. Ostale nuspojave uključuju suha <a href="/wiki/Usta" title="Usta">usta</a>, zamagljen vid, <a href="/wiki/Zatvor" title="Zatvor">zatvor</a>, poteškoće sa <a href="/wiki/Mokrenje" title="Mokrenje">mokrenjem</a>, zbunjenost i opuštenost. Tu je i novija <i>druga generacija antihistaminika</i> koja se uglavnom klasificira kao "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesedativni_antihistaminici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesedativni antihistaminici (stranica ne postoji)">nesedativni antihistaminici</a>" ili protiv pospanosti, koji uključuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetirizin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cetirizin (stranica ne postoji)">cetirizin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loratadin" title="Loratadin">loratadin</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feksofenadin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feksofenadin (stranica ne postoji)">feksofenadin</a>. </p><p>Primjer <b>nazalnih dekongestiva</b> je pseudoefedrin, a njegovi popratni efekti uključuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesanica (stranica ne postoji)">nesanicu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anksioznost" title="Anksioznost">anksioznost</a> (neraspoloženje) i otežano mokrenje. Neki drugi sprejevi za nos dostupni su na recept, uključujući <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azelastin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azelastin (stranica ne postoji)">Azelastin</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipratropium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipratropium (stranica ne postoji)">Ipratropium</a>. Neke od njihovih nuspojava uključuju pospanost. Za simptome oka važno je prvo isprati oči običnim sjenilom za oči kako bi se smanjila iritacija. Tokom epizoda konjuktivitisa, n bi se trebale nositi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontaktne_le%C4%87e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontaktne leće (stranica ne postoji)">kontaktne leće</a>. Liječenje tipa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imunoterapija_protiv_alergena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imunoterapija protiv alergena (stranica ne postoji)">imunoterapija protiv alergena</a> uključuje primjenu doza alergena kako bi se tijelo naviklo na indukciju specifične dugotrajne tolerancije.<sup id="cite_ref-PDR_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDR-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hay_Fever_Pharmacy_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hay_Fever_Pharmacy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayo_Clinic_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo_Clinic-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astma" title="Astma">Astma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alergija" title="Alergija">Alergija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekcem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekcem">Ekcem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksin" title="Toksin">Toksin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alergen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFGoldsby,_Richard_A." class="citation book cs1">Goldsby, Richard A.; et al. <i>Immunology</i> (5th izd.). 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text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Imunolo%C5%A1ki_sistem&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredi šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imunološki_sistem_/_Imunologija" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Imunolo%C5%A1ki_sistem" title="Imunološki sistem">Imunološki sistem</a> / <a href="/wiki/Imunologija" title="Imunologija">Imunologija</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sistemi</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptivni_imunski_sistem" title="Adaptivni imunski sistem">Adaptivni IS</a>: <a href="/wiki/Uro%C4%91eni_imunski_sistem" title="Urođeni imunski sistem">Urođeni IS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humoralna_imunost" title="Humoralna imunost">Humoralna imunost</a>: <a href="/wiki/%C4%86elijski_posredovana_imunost" title="Ćelijski posredovana imunost">Ćelijski posredovana imunost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komplementni_sistem" title="Komplementni sistem">Komplementni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anafilatoksini" title="Anafilatoksini">Anafilatoksini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunska_privilegija" title="Imunska privilegija">Privilegovanost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limfoidni</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Antigeni</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigen" title="Antigen">Antigen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superantigen" title="Superantigen">Superantigen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alergen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapten" title="Hapten">Hapten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitop" title="Epitop">Epitop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linearni_epitop" title="Linearni epitop">Linearni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konformacijski_epitop" title="Konformacijski epitop">Konformacijski</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimotop" title="Mimotop">Mimotop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Antitijela</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antitijelo" title="Antitijelo">Antitijela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monoklonska_%D0%B0ntitijela" title="Monoklonska аntitijela">Monoklonska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliklonska_%D0%B0ntitijela" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliklonska аntitijela">Poliklonska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoantitijelo" title="Autoantitijelo">Autoantitijela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odgovor_poliklonskih_B-%C4%87elija" title="Odgovor poliklonskih B-ćelija">Odgovor poliklonskih B-ćelija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alotip" title="Alotip">Alotip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izotip" title="Izotip">Izotip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiotip" title="Idiotip">Idiotip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunski_kompleks" title="Imunski kompleks">Imunski kompleks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratop" title="Paratop">Paratop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Imunost: tolerancija</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Akcija:</i> <a href="/wiki/Imunost" title="Imunost">Imunost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoimunost" title="Autoimunost">Autoimunost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloimunost" title="Aloimunost">Aloimunost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alergija" title="Alergija">Alergija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipersenzitivnost" title="Hipersenzitivnost">Hipersenzitivnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upala" title="Upala">Upala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unakrsna_reaktivnost" title="Unakrsna reaktivnost">Unakrsna reaktivnost</a></li> <li><i>Neaktivnost:</i> <a href="/wiki/Imunotolerancija" title="Imunotolerancija">Тolerancija</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_tolerancija" title="Centralna tolerancija">Centralna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periferna_tolerancija" title="Periferna tolerancija">Periferna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klonska_anergija" title="Klonska anergija">Klonska anergija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klonska_delecija" title="Klonska delecija">Klonska delecija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunska_tolerancija_u_trudno%C4%87i" title="Imunska tolerancija u trudnoći">Tolerancija u trudnoći</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunodeficijencija" title="Imunodeficijencija">Imunodeficijencija</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Imunogenetika" title="Imunogenetika">Imunogenetika</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somatska_hipermutacija" title="Somatska hipermutacija">Somatska hipermutacija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V(D)J_rekombinacija" title="V(D)J rekombinacija">V(D)J rekombinacija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigenska_varijacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigenska varijacija">Raznolikost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promjena_imunoglobulinske_klase" title="Promjena imunoglobulinske klase">Promjena imunoglobulinske klase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glavni_kompleks_histokompatibilnosti" title="Glavni kompleks histokompatibilnosti">MHC</a> / <a href="/wiki/HLA_sistem_leukocitnih_antigena" title="HLA sistem leukocitnih antigena">HLA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limfociti" title="Limfociti">Limfociti</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Limfoid</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2-limfociti" class="mw-redirect" title="Т-limfociti">Т-limfociti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-limfociti" class="mw-redirect" title="B-limfociti">B-limfociti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%86elije_ubice" title="Ćelije ubice">Ćelije ubice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Mijeloid</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mastocit" title="Mastocit">Mastocit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazofilni_granulociti" title="Bazofilni granulociti">Bazofil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eozinofilni_granulociti" title="Eozinofilni granulociti">Eozinofil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazmociti" title="Plazmociti">Plazmocit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagocit" title="Fagocit">Fagocit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrofilni_granulociti" title="Neutrofilni granulociti">Neutrofil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makrofag" title="Makrofag">Makrofag</a> / <a href="/wiki/Retikuloendotelni_sistem" title="Retikuloendotelni sistem">Retikuloendotelni sistem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Antigen-prezentiraju%C4%87e_%C4%87elije" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigen-prezentirajuće ćelije">APC</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dendritska_%C4%87elija" title="Dendritska ćelija">Dendritska ćelija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makrofag" title="Makrofag">Makrofag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-%C4%87elija" title="B-ćelija">B-ćelija</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supstance</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citokin" title="Citokin">Citokini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opsonin" title="Opsonin">Opsonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citolizin" title="Citolizin">Citolizin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limfopoeza" title="Limfopoeza">Limfopoeza</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limfoblast" title="Limfoblast">Limfoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolimfocit" title="Prolimfocit">Prolimfocit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timocit" title="Timocit">Timocit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drugi</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imunoesej" title="Imunoesej">Dijagnostička imunologija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otpornost_na_biljne_bolesti" title="Otpornost na biljne bolesti">Otpornost na biljne bolesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90ntimikrobni_%D0%BEdbrambeni_sistem_respiratornog_trakta" title="Аntimikrobni оdbrambeni sistem respiratornog trakta">Аntimikrobni оdbrambeni sistem respiratornog trakta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img 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