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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Filogenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filogenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Filogenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filogenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Choanozoa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 23 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="قمعيات — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قمعيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="قمعيات — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قمعيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coanozous" title="Coanozous — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coanozous" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%B1" title="Χοανόζωα — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χοανόζωα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قیف‌زیان — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قیف‌زیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coanozoos" title="Coanozoos — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Coanozoos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="कीपजन्तु — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कीपजन्तु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%82%BE%E3%82%A2" title="コアノゾア — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コアノゾア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%95%84%EB%85%B8%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%84" title="코아노조아 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코아노조아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Choanozoa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E9%9E%AD%E6%AF%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="領鞭毛動物 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="領鞭毛動物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1205126#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discuss%C3%A3o:Choanozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página (página não existe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Choanozoa"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Choanozoa"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Choanozoa" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Choanozoa" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&oldid=66499610" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Choanozoa&id=66499610&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChoanozoa"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChoanozoa"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Choanozoa"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Choanozoa&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Choanozoa" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Choanozoa" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1205126" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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.tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Revisão_sobre plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Searchtool.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/40px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/60px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/80px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Esta página ou seção foi marcada para revisão devido a incoerências ou dados de confiabilidade duvidosa.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Se tem algum conhecimento sobre o tema, por favor, verifique e <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&action=edit">melhore</a></span> a coerência e o rigor deste artigo. Pode encontrar ajuda no <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Projetos/%C3%81rvore_da_Vida" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:Projetos/Árvore da Vida">WikiProjeto Árvore da Vida</a>. <span style="font-size:90%;">Se existir um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Projetos" title="Wikipédia:Projetos">WikiProjeto</a> mais adequado, por favor corrija esta predefinição. </span></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Dezembro de 2009</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:280px; background:white; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="padding:5px; text-align:center; font-size:medium; background:#F0E68C;"><span class=""><span class="noprint" style="position:relative; float:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Como_ler_uma_caixa_taxon%C3%B3mica" title="Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomia"><img alt="Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/15px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/23px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></span>Choanozoa</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="display:inline-block; margin:-2px 0 0 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nuclearia_sp_Nikko.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuclearia"><img alt="Nuclearia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Nuclearia_sp_Nikko.jpg/280px-Nuclearia_sp_Nikko.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Nuclearia_sp_Nikko.jpg/420px-Nuclearia_sp_Nikko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Nuclearia_sp_Nikko.jpg/560px-Nuclearia_sp_Nikko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><br /><span style="display:block;padding:5px; font-size:0.9em"><i>Nuclearia</i></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:5px; background:#F0E68C;"><a href="/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Classificação científica">Classificação científica</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reino_(biologia)" title="Reino (biologia)">Reino</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(sem classif.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">Filo</a>: </td> <td><b>Choanozoa</b><br /><small></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:5px; background:#F0E68C;">Classes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; text-align:left;padding:5px" colspan="2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choanoflagellata" title="Choanoflagellata">Choanoflagellata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corallochytrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corallochytrea (página não existe)">Corallochytrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesomycetozoea" title="Mesomycetozoea">Mesomycetozoea</a> (= Ichthyosporea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministeriida" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministeriida">Ministeriida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleariida" title="Nucleariida">Nucleariida</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Choanozoa</b> ( ou Mesomycetozoa) é um filo de <a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">protistas</a> relacionado com os <a href="/wiki/Animais" class="mw-redirect" title="Animais">animais</a> e com os <a href="/wiki/Fungos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungos">fungos</a>. Com base em estudos moleculares, Choanozoa é incluído no supergrupo de eucariontes <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a> juntamente com <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a>. Estudo recente sugeriu que este agrupamento é parafilético. </p><p>O nome de <b>Opisthokonta</b> alude a que o flagelo, único quando está presente, ocupa uma posição posterior, avançando a célula com o flagelo detrás, como se observa nos espermatozóides dos animais e ao revés que na maioria dos protistas, que são acrocontes. </p><p>O filo Choanozoa inclui uma colecção diversa de protistas que se classificam em várias classes. Destaca-se <a href="/wiki/Choanoflagellata" title="Choanoflagellata">Choanoflagellata</a> que compreende umas 150 espécies que vivem em águas doces e marinhas e que apresentam um colar de microvilosidades que rodeia o único flagelo e do qual tomam o nome. Os coanoflagelados são quase idênticos em forma e função às células <a href="/wiki/Coan%C3%B3cito" title="Coanócito">coanócitos</a> das <a href="/wiki/Porifera" title="Porifera">esponjas</a>, pelo que estes organismos e <a href="/wiki/Ministeriida" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministeriida">Ministeriida</a> parecem estar muito relacionados com os animais. </p><p>As outras classes: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corallochytrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corallochytrea (página não existe)">Corallochytrea</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mesomycetozoea" title="Mesomycetozoea">Mesomycetozoea</a>, parecem estar no limite entre os fungos e os animais. A classe <a href="/wiki/Mesomycetozoea" title="Mesomycetozoea">Mesomycetozoea</a> ou Ichthyosporea compreende espécies parasitas dos <a href="/wiki/Vertebrados" title="Vertebrados">vertebrados</a>, principalmente de <a href="/wiki/Peixes" class="mw-redirect" title="Peixes">peixes</a>, aparecendo nos tecidos do hospede como esferas que contêm esporos. A classe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corallochytrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corallochytrea (página não existe)">Corallochytrea</a> inclui um único organismo, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corallochytrium_limacisporum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corallochytrium limacisporum (página não existe)">Corallochytrium limacisporum</a></i>, marinho e <a href="/wiki/Sapr%C3%B3fito" class="mw-redirect" title="Saprófito">saprófito</a>. A classe <a href="/wiki/Nucleariida" title="Nucleariida">Nucleariida</a> compreende um pequeno grupo de amebóides com <a href="/wiki/Pseud%C3%B3pode" title="Pseudópode">pseudópodes</a> filiformes (<a href="/wiki/Filop%C3%B3dio" class="mw-redirect" title="Filopódio">filopódios</a>), que vivem principalmente no solo e em água doce. </p><p>No passado, <a href="/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota">Chytridiomycota</a> havia-se incluído também entre os protistas, mas agora classifica-se entre os fungos. </p><p>A classe <a href="/wiki/Cristidiscoidea" title="Cristidiscoidea">Cristidiscoidea</a>, de indivíduos amebóides e constituída até há pouco por Nucleariida e Ministeriida, resultou ser polifilética, como o demonstram diversos estudos e árvores filogenéticas. Ministeriida é relacionado com Animalia e Nucleariida com Fungi, como se mostra na seguinte <a href="/wiki/Filogenia" title="Filogenia">filogenia</a>: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filogenia">Filogenia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Filogenia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Filogenia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Filogenia de acordo com dados moleculares:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <center> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64103782">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%; line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Opisthokonta</b>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Holomycota" title="Holomycota">Holomycota</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Cristidiscoidea" title="Cristidiscoidea">Cristidiscoidea</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Holozoa" title="Holozoa">Holozoa</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mesomycetozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesomycetozoa">Mesomycetozoa</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corallochytrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corallochytrea (página não existe)">Corallochytrea</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Filozoa" title="Filozoa">Filozoa</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Filasterea" title="Filasterea">Filasterea</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Apoikozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Apoikozoa">Apoikozoa</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64103782"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Choanoflagellatea" class="mw-redirect" title="Choanoflagellatea">Choanoflagellatea</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tedersoo, L., Sánchez-Ramírez, S., Kõljalg, U. et al. 2018, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0#citeas">High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses</a> Fungal Diversity 90: 135. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guifré Torruella et al. 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(15)00887-8?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982215008878%3Fshowall%3Dtrue">Phylogenomics Reveals Convergent Evolution of Lifestyles in Close Relatives of Animals and Fungi.</a> Current Biology <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0960-9822">0960-9822</a> Volume 25, Issue 18, p2404–2410, 21 September 2015</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&oldid=66499610">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&oldid=66499610</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Choanozoa" title="Categoria:Choanozoa">Choanozoa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_a_revisar_sobre_%C3%81rvore_da_Vida" title="Categoria:!Artigos a revisar sobre Árvore da Vida">!Artigos a revisar sobre Árvore da Vida</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_a_revisar_desde_Dezembro_de_2009" title="Categoria:!Artigos a revisar desde Dezembro de 2009">!Artigos a revisar desde Dezembro de 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_a_revisar_sem_indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_tema" title="Categoria:!Artigos a revisar sem indicação de tema">!Artigos a revisar sem indicação de tema</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_destacados_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_alem%C3%A3o" title="Categoria:!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em alemão">!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em alemão</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 20h45min de 28 de agosto de 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. 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