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href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89:%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9A%E1%81%A2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B5%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA" title="သွၵ်ႈႁႃ လွၼ်ႉၶၢဝ်ႇ ပိုၼ်ႉလင်တွၼ်ႈတႃႇ လွင်ႈႁဵတ်းသၢင်ႈယၢမ်းလဵဝ်ၼႆႉ"><span>ၵၢၼ်ႁဵတ်းယၢမ်းလဵဝ်</span></a></li><li id="n-လွင်ႈမႄးၵုမ်း" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89:Maintenance"><span>လွင်ႈမႄးၵုမ်း</span></a></li><li id="n-ပေႃႇလသီႇ-လႄႈ-ၼမ်းတၢင်း" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89:Policies_and_guidelines"><span>ပေႃႇလသီႇ လႄႈ ၼမ်းတၢင်း</span></a></li><li id="n-ၵပ်းသိုပ်ႇ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>ၵပ်းသိုပ်ႇ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ၶူၼ်ႉႁႃ ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ၶူၼ်ႉႁႃ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ၶူၼ်ႉႁႃ ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ" aria-label="ၶူၼ်ႉႁႃ ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ၶူၼ်ႉႁႃ ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း:သွၵ်ႈႁႃ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ၶူၼ်ႉႁႃ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ၶိူင်ႈသုၼ်ႇလဵဝ်"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=shn.wikibooks.org&uselang=shn" class=""><span>လူႇတၢၼ်း</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%81%B5%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%A2%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89&returnto=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၸဝ်ႈၵဝ်ႇထုၵ်ႇပၼ်ႁႅင်း တွၼ်ႈတႃႇၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈ ဢၶွင်ႉလႄႈ လွၵ်ႉၶဝ်ႈ။ ႁူမ်ႈဝႃႈၼၼ်သေတႃႉ ဢမ်ႇၸႂ်ႈဝႃႈ ဢမ်ႇႁဵတ်းဢမ်ႇလႆႈၼင်ႇၵဝ်ႇ။" class=""><span>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈဢၶွင်ႉ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%B0%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%82%82%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&returnto=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ဢမ်ႇလွၵ်ႉဢိၼ်ႇၵေႃႈမူၼ်ႉမႄးလႆႈ ၵူၺ်း တိုၵ်းသူၼ်းႁႂ်ႈလွၵ်ႉဢိၼ်ႇ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>လွၵ်ႉၶဝ်ႈ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ၶိူင်ႈသုၼ်ႇလဵဝ်" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ၶိူင်ႈသုၼ်ႇလဵဝ်</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=shn.wikibooks.org&uselang=shn"><span>လူႇတၢၼ်း</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%81%B5%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%A2%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89&returnto=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၸဝ်ႈၵဝ်ႇထုၵ်ႇပၼ်ႁႅင်း တွၼ်ႈတႃႇၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈ ဢၶွင်ႉလႄႈ လွၵ်ႉၶဝ်ႈ။ ႁူမ်ႈဝႃႈၼၼ်သေတႃႉ ဢမ်ႇၸႂ်ႈဝႃႈ ဢမ်ႇႁဵတ်းဢမ်ႇလႆႈၼင်ႇၵဝ်ႇ။"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈဢၶွင်ႉ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%B0%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%82%82%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&returnto=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ဢမ်ႇလွၵ်ႉဢိၼ်ႇၵေႃႈမူၼ်ႉမႄးလႆႈ ၵူၺ်း တိုၵ်းသူၼ်းႁႂ်ႈလွၵ်ႉဢိၼ်ႇ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>လွၵ်ႉၶဝ်ႈ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%80%BD%E1%82%86%E1%82%88%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B6%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B5%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%81%B6%E1%82%83%E1%82%88" title="သဵၼ်ႈမၢႆ လွင်ႈမႄးထတ်း ၸိူဝ်းႁဵတ်းဝႆႉ ၵႃႈတီႈ ႁဵင်းလိၵ်ႈ ဢၢႆႇၽီႇဢၼ်ၼႆႉ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>လွင်ႈၸွႆႈသၢင်ႈ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%81%B5%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%81%B6%E1%82%83%E1%82%88" title="လွင်ႈဢုပ်ႇဢူဝ်း ၵပ်းၵၢႆႇလွင်ႈမႄးထတ်း ၵႃႈတီႈ ႁဵင်းလိၵ်ႈဢၢႆႇၽီႇဢၼ်ၼႆႉ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ဢုပ်ႇ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ဢွင်ႈတီႈၸိုဝ်ႈ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="တူၺ်းၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈလမ်းၼႂ်း [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA:%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ ဢုပ်ႇဢူဝ်းလွင်ႈပႃးဝႆႉၼႂ်းၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ ၼႆႉ ဢမ်ႇမီးဝႆႉ [t]" accesskey="t"><span>လွင်ႈဢုပ်ႇဢူဝ်း</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="တူၺ်း"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ၶိူင်ႈၵမ်ႉၵႅမ်</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">သိူင်ႇ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88"><span>လူတူၺ်း</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88&action=edit" title="မႄးထတ်း ၼႃးလိၵ်ႈၼႆႉ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>မႄးထတ်း</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88&action=history"><span>တူၺ်းပိုၼ်း</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ၵူႈလွင်ႈလွင်ႈ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%82%81%E1%80%B5%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%82%88%E1%81%BC%E1%82%86%E1%82%88/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="သဵၼ်ႈမၢႆ ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝီႇၶီႇလိင်ႉတီႈၼႆႈ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>လိင်ႉၶ်တီႈၼႆႈ ပဵၼ်သင်</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပိုတ်ႇၼႄသဵၼ်ႈ ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88&oldid=8121" title="ႁဵင်းၵွင်ႉမၼ်ႈၵိုမ်းတႃႇၸူး ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈၶူၼ်ႉၶႆႈဢၼ်ၼႆႉ"><span>လိင်ႉၶ် မၼ်ႈၵိုမ်း</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88&action=info" title="လွၼ်ႉၶၢဝ်ႇတၢင်ႇၸိူဝ်း ဢၼ်ၵပ်းၵၢႆႇလူၺ်ႈ ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈၼႆႉ"><span>လွၼ်ႉၶၢဝ်ႇၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" 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href="https://shn.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87:%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88"><span>ဝိၵ်ႇသျိၼ်ႇၼရီႇ</span></a></li><li id="n-ဝီႇၶီႇဢၢင်ႈဢိင်" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>ဝီႇၶီႇဢၢင်ႈဢိင်</span></a></li><li id="n-ဝီႇၶီႇငဝ်ႈငႃႇ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>ဝီႇၶီႇငဝ်ႈငႃႇ</span></a></li><li id="n-ဝီႇၶီႇၶၢဝ်ႇ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>ဝီႇၶီႇၶၢဝ်ႇ</span></a></li><li id="n-ဝီႇၶီႇဝွႆးဢဵတ်ႇꩡ်" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>ဝီႇၶီႇဝွႆးဢဵတ်ႇꩡ်</span></a></li><li id="n-ၶွမ်ႇမွၼ်း" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>ၶွမ်ႇမွၼ်း</span></a></li><li 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88"><span>သၢင်ႈပပ်ႉ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88&action=show-download-screen"><span>လူတ်ႇလူင်း ၼင်ႇ PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88&printable=yes" title="ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈၼႆႉ မၼ်းပဵၼ်ပိူဝ်းသျိၼ်း ဢၼ်ဢိတ်ႇဢွၵ်ႇလႆႈ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ဝႃးသျိၼ်းဢၼ်ၽိမ်းဢွၵ်ႇလႆႈ</span></a></li> </ul> 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hreflang="en"><span>Wikimania</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikinews.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" hreflang="shn"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" hreflang="shn"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" hreflang="shn"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87:%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" hreflang="shn"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296" title="ၵွင်ႉၸူး လၢႆးၵၢၼ် ယွင်ၶေႃႈမုၼ်း ဢၼ်သၢၼ်ၵၼ်ဝႆႉ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>လၢႆးၵၢၼ် Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">လုၵ်ႉတီႈ ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ မႃး</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="shn" dir="ltr"><div id="mf-main" style="width:100%; margin:0px; padding:0px 5px 5px 5px;"> <div id="mf-help" style="clear:both; text-align:center; font-size:95%; margin:0em 1em 0em 1em;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89:%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%BC%E1%82%84%E1%82%89%E1%81%BC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ:ပပ်ႉၼႄႉၼမ်း">ပပ်ႉၼႄႉၼမ်း</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%A2%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="ဝီႇၶီႇလုၵ်ႈဢွၼ်ႇ">ဝီႇၶီႇလုၵ်ႈဢွၼ်ႇ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%82%82%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပပ်ႉတူမ်ႈႁုင်:လမ်းၼႂ်း">ပပ်ႉတူမ်ႈႁုင်</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%81%B6%E1%82%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89_%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ:လုမ်း ၶႅတ်ႉတလွၵ်ႉ ၵၢတ်ႉ">ၸွမ်းတူၺ်း ပပ်ႉ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%80%BD%E1%82%86%E1%82%88%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%82%82%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:လမ်းၼႂ်း">လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89:%E1%80%A2%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%A2%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ:ဢွင်ႈဢၢၼ်ႇလိၵ်ႈ">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ်</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%82%82%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="လွင်ႈၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ">လွင်ႈၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ</a> </p> </div> <center> <div style="width:40%; text-align:center;"> <div style="font-size:162%; padding:0.1em;">လုၵ်ႉတီႈ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89:%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%81%BC%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89_%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AE%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ:ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉဢၼ်ဝႃႈၼၼ်ႉ ပဵၼ်ဢီႈသင်">ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ</a> သေ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89:%E1%82%81%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%82%83%E1%82%88" title="ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉ:ႁပ်ႉတွၼ်ႈယူႇၶႃႈ">ႁပ်ႉတွၼ်ႈယူႇၶႃႈ</a></div> <div style="font-size:95%; margin-top:0.2em;">ပဵၼ်လိၵ်ႈတွၼ်ႈလူ ဢၼ်လွတ်ႈလႅဝ်းထၢင်ႇႁၢင်ႈ ဢၼ်လႆႈလၢႆ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%80%BD%E1%82%86%E1%82%88%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:လွင်ႈႁူမ်ႈသၢင်ႈ">ပဵၼ်ဢၼ် ၽူႈလႂ်ၽႂ်သေဢမ်ႇဝႃႈ ၸၢင်ႈမႄးထတ်းလႆႈ</a> ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။</div> <div id="pagecount" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B5%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း:ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈတင်းသဵင်ႈ">ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ 194</a> လႄႈ <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_Stacks/Departments" title="Wikibooks Stacks/Departments">ပပ်ႉ</a> မီးၵႂႃႇ 194 ပပ်ႉ ယဝ်ႉၶႃႈ။</div> </div> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style="background-color: ; color: inherit;"><form name="createbox" class="createbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/w/index.php" method="get"><input type="hidden" value="edit" name="action" /><div class="cdx-text-input"><input name="title" class="mw-inputbox-input mw-inputbox-createbox cdx-text-input__input" placeholder="" required="" size="30" dir="ltr" /></div><br /><input type="submit" name="create" value="တႃႇတႅမ်ႈဢၼ်မႂ်ႇ (သၢင်ႈ လိၵ်ႈႁွမ်တွမ်မႂ်ႇ)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-progressive cdx-button--weight-primary" /></form></div> <div style="float:left; width:100%; margin-top:10px; text-align:center; clear:both;"> <div style="float:left; width:100%;">ဝီႇၶီႇပပ်ႉၼႆႉ လုၵ်ႉတီႈ <b><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikimedia:">ဝီႇၶီႇမီႇတီႇယႃႇ ၾွင်ႇတေးသျိၼ်း</a></b> ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်ၸုမ်းပရႁိတ ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇဢဝ် ၼမ်ႉမျၢတ်ႈၼမ်ႉတွၼ်းသင်ၼၼ်ႉ ၵေႃႉတၢင်ႇၶိုၼ်ႈဝႆႉပၼ်သေ ၸိူဝ်းပဵၼ်ပရေႃၵျႅၵ်ႉတၢင်ႇဢၼ်ၵေႃႈ တၢင်ႇၶိုၼ်ႈဝႆႉယူႇ။</div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://shn.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="ဝီႇၶီႇၸၼ်ႉၸွမ်"><img alt="ဝီႇၶီႇၸၼ်ႉၸွမ်" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/60px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/90px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/120px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://shn.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">ဝီႇၶီႇဝႃႇသီႇတီႇ</a><br /> လိၵ်ႈၵၢၼ်ႁဵၼ်း လႄႈ လိၵ်ႈလူ ဢၼ်လႆႈလၢႆ </p> </div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/shn:" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား"><img alt="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="53" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/79px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/105px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/shn:" class="extiw" title="w:shn:">ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃး</a><br /> ပပ်ႉသႅၼ်သမ်ႇ </p> </div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://shn.wiktionary.org/wiki/shn:" title="ဝိၵ်ႇသျိၼ်ႇၼရီႇ"><img alt="ဝိၵ်ႇသျိၼ်ႇၼရီႇ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/51px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/76px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/102px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://shn.wiktionary.org/wiki/shn:" class="extiw" title="wikt:shn:">ဝိၵ်ႇသျိၼ်ႇၼရီႇ</a><br /> ပပ်ႉသပ်းလွတ်ႈလႅင်းထၢင်ႇႁၢင်ႇ </p> </div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://shn.wikiquote.org/wiki/shn:" title="ဝီႇၶီႇၽိုၼ်ဢိင်"><img alt="ဝီႇၶီႇၽိုၼ်ဢိင်" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/61px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/81px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://shn.wikiquote.org/wiki/shn:" class="extiw" title="q:shn:">ဝီႇၶီႇၽိုၼ်ဢိင်</a><br /> ၶေႃႈမွၵ်ႇလၢတ်ႈ </p> </div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://shn.wikisource.org/wiki/shn:" title="ဝီႇၶီႇငဝ်ႈငႃႇ"><img alt="ဝီႇၶီႇငဝ်ႈငႃႇ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/46px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/69px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/92px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://shn.wikisource.org/wiki/shn:" class="extiw" title="s:shn:">ဝီႇၶီႇငဝ်ႈငႃႇ</a><br /> ၽိုၼ်လိၵ်ႈၽိုၼ်လၢႆး </p> </div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="ဝီႇၶီႇၸိူဝ်ႉၽၼ်း"><img alt="ဝီႇၶီႇၸိူဝ်ႉၽၼ်း" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/41px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/61px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/82px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:">ဝီႇၶီႇၸိူဝ်ႉၽၼ်း</a><br /> တီႈၸိူဝ်ႉၽၼ်းတႄႇပဵၼ် </p> </div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://shn.wikinews.org/wiki/shn:" title="ဝီႇၶီႇၶၢဝ်ႇ"><img alt="ဝီႇၶီႇၶၢဝ်ႇ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/88px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/132px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/176px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://shn.wikinews.org/wiki/shn:" class="extiw" title="n:shn:">ဝီႇၶီႇၶၢဝ်ႇ</a><br /> ၽိုၼ်လိၵ်ႈတၢင်ႇလၢတ်ႈၶၢဝ်ႇ </p> </div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://shn.wikivoyage.org/wiki/shn:" title="ဝီႇၶီႇဝွႆးဢဵတ်ႇꩡ်"><img alt="ဝီႇၶီႇဝွႆးဢဵတ်ႇꩡ်" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/48px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/72px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/96px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://shn.wikivoyage.org/wiki/shn:" class="extiw" title="voy:shn:">ဝီႇၶီႇဝွႆးဢဵတ်ႇꩡ်</a><br /> ၽိုၼ်ၸိၼမ်း လွင်ႈဢွၵ်ႇၶၢဝ်းတၢင်း </p> </div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" title="ဝီႇၶီႇတေႇတႃႇ"><img alt="ဝီႇၶီႇတေႇတႃႇ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/86px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/129px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/171px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikidata:">ဝီႇၶီႇတေႇတႃႇ</a><br /> ငဝ်ႈငုၼ်း တၢင်းႁူႉတၢင်းႁၼ် ဢၼ်လႆႈလၢႆ </p> </div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="ဝီႇၶီႇမီႇတီႇယႃႇ ၶွမ်ႇမွၼ်း"><img alt="ဝီႇၶီႇမီႇတီႇယႃႇ ၶွမ်ႇမွၼ်း" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/53px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/71px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">ၶွမ်ႇမွၼ်း</a><br /> တီႈမီး မီႇတီႇယႃႇ ၸိူဝ်းလႆႈလၢႆႈ </p> </div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="မႄႇတႃႇ ဝီႇၶီႇ"><img alt="မႄႇတႃႇ ဝီႇၶီႇ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/48px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/72px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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</div> <div style="float:left; height:100px; padding:1em; margin:0em; overflow:hidden;"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Wikimedia Labs"><img alt="Wikimedia Labs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg/48px-Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg/72px-Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg/96px-Wikimedia_Cloud_Services_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><br /> <a href="https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="labsconsole:">Wikimedia Labs</a><br /> MediaWiki development </p> </div> </div> </center></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">ဢဝ်ၶိုၼ်းမႃးတီႈ "<a dir="ltr" href="https://shn.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ&oldid=8121">https://shn.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ&oldid=8121</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 ၽႃႇသႃႇ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-aa mw-list-item"><a href="https://aa.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page – Afar" lang="aa" hreflang="aa" data-title="Main Page" data-language-autonym="Qafár af" data-language-local-name="Afar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qafár af</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Tuisblad – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tuisblad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikibooks.org/wiki/H%C4%93afods%C4%ABde" title="Hēafodsīde – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hēafodsīde" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الصفحة الرئيسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصفحة الرئيسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ana_s%C9%99hif%C9%99" title="Ana səhifə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ana səhifə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Викидәреслек:Баш бит – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Викидәреслек:Баш бит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Галоўная старонка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галоўная старонка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Начална страница – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Начална страница" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রধান পাতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রধান পাতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikibooks.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" title="Početna strana – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Početna strana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiknihy:Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Wikiknihy:Hlavní strana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikiknihy:Hlavní strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Тĕп страница – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕп страница" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hafan" title="Hafan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hafan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/Forside" title="Forside – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forside" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hauptseite" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikibooks.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Κύρια Σελίδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύρια Σελίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Main Page" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikibooks.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" title="Ĉefpaĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefpaĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikibooks.org/wiki/Esileht" title="Esileht – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esileht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Azala" title="Azala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C" title="صفحهٔ اصلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صفحهٔ اصلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikikirjasto:Etusivu" title="Wikikirjasto:Etusivu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikikirjasto:Etusivu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Accueil" title="Accueil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Accueil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikibooks.org/wiki/Haadside" title="Haadside – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Haadside" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" title="עמוד ראשי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמוד ראשי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुखपृष्ठ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica" title="Glavna stranica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glavna stranica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Kezd%C5%91lap" title="Kezdőlap – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kezdőlap" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A7%D5%BB" title="Գլխավոր էջ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գլխավոր էջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal" title="Pagina principal – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pagina principal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Halaman Utama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Halaman Utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine" title="Principal págine – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Principal págine" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a" title="Forsíða – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forsíða" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Pagina principale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pagina principale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="メインページ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メインページ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მთავარი გვერდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მთავარი გვერდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бет – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Басты бет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" title="ទំព័រដើម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទំព័រដើម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EC%B1%85:%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8" title="위키책:대문 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키책:대문" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikibooks.org/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" title="Destpêk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Destpêk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Башкы барак – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Башкы барак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" title="Pagina prima – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pagina prima" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikibooks.org/wiki/Veurblaad" title="Veurblaad – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veurblaad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagrindinis_puslapis" title="Pagrindinis puslapis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pagrindinis puslapis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikibooks.org/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" title="Sākumlapa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sākumlapa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fandraisana" title="Fandraisana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fandraisana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Главна страница – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Главна страница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രധാന താൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രധാന താൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुखपृष्ठ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Laman Utama – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laman Utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुख्य पृष्ठ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुख्य पृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Hoofdpagina – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoofdpagina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hovedside" title="Hovedside – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="Hovedside" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikibooks.org/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" title="Acuèlh – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Acuèlh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Wikibooks:Strona główna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikibooks:Strona główna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikilivros:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Wikilivros:Página principal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikilivros:Página principal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Pagina principală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pagina principală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Заглавная страница – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Заглавная страница" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="मुख्यपृष्ठम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुख्यपृष्ठम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikibooks.org/wiki/V%C3%A1ldosiidu" title="Váldosiidu – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Váldosiidu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="මුල් පිටුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුල් පිටුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiknihy:Hlavn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Wikiknihy:Hlavná stránka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wikiknihy:Hlavná stránka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Glavna_stran" title="Glavna stran – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glavna stran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikibooks.org/wiki/Faqja_Kryesore" title="Faqja Kryesore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Faqja Kryesore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Главна страна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Главна страна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tepas" title="Tepas – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tepas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Huvudsida" title="Wikibooks:Huvudsida – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikibooks:Huvudsida" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="முதற் பக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதற் பக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="మొదటి పేజీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొదటి పేజీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Саҳифаи аслӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Саҳифаи аслӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="หน้าหลัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน้าหลัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Unang Pahina – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unang Pahina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anasayfa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Баш бит – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Баш бит" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Головна сторінка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Головна сторінка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="صفحۂ اول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صفحۂ اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Trang Chính – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trang Chính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="Wikibooks:首页 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikibooks:首页" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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