SP 800-81-2, Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/81/2/final","20231003200456","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1696363496"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>SP 800-81-2, Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide | CSRC</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <meta http-equiv="content-style-type" content="text/css"/> <meta http-equiv="content-script-type" content="text/javascript"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/browserconfig.xml"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="xbrnrVYDgLD-Bd64xHLCt4XsPXzUhQ-4lGMj4TdUUTA"/> <meta description="The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed computing system that enables access to Internet resources by user-friendly domain names rather than IP addresses, by translating domain names to IP addresses and back. The DNS infrastructure is made up of computing and communication entities called Name Servers each of which contains information about a small portion of the domain name space. The domain name data provided by DNS is intended to be available to any computer located anywhere in the Internet.This document provides deployment guidelines for securing DNS within an enterprise. Because DNS data is meant to be public, preserving the confidentiality of DNS data. The primary security goals for DNS are data integrity and source authentication, which are needed to ensure the authenticity of domain name information and maintain the integrity of domain name information in transit. This document provides extensive guidance on maintaining data integrity and performing source authentication. DNS components are often subjected to denial-of-service attacks intended to disrupt access to the resources whose domain names are handled by the attacked DNS components. This document presents guidelines for configuring DNS deployments to prevent many denial-of-service attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in various DNS components."/>  <meta name="dcterms.title" content="NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-81-2, Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide"/> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed computing system that enables access to Internet resources by user-friendly domain names rather than IP addresses, by translating domain names to IP addresses and back. The DNS infrastructure is made up of computing and communication entities called Name Servers each of which contains information about a small portion of the domain name space. The domain name data provided by DNS is intended to be available to any computer located anywhere in the Internet.This document provides deployment guidelines for securing DNS within an enterprise. Because DNS data is meant to be public, preserving the confidentiality of DNS data. The primary security goals for DNS are data integrity and source authentication, which are needed to ensure the authenticity of domain name information and maintain the integrity of domain name information in transit. This document provides extensive guidance on maintaining data integrity and performing source authentication. DNS components are often subjected to denial-of-service attacks intended to disrupt access to the resources whose domain names are handled by the attacked DNS components. This document presents guidelines for configuring DNS deployments to prevent many denial-of-service attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in various DNS components."/>  <meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Author: Ramaswamy Chandramouli (NIST)"/> <meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Author: Scott Rose (NIST)"/>  <meta name="dcterms.date.created" schema="ISO8601" content="2013-09-18"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/81/2/final"/> <meta name="dcterms.language" scheme="DCTERMS.RFC1766" content="EN-US"/>  <meta name="citation_title" content="Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2013/09/18"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-81-2"/> <meta name="citation_technical_report_number" content="NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-81-2"/> <meta name="citation_technical_report_institution" content="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Authoritative Name Server,Caching Name Server,Domain Name System (DNS),DNS Query/Response,DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC),Resource Record (RR),Trust Anchor,Validating Resolver"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-81-2"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/81/2/final"/>  <meta name="citation_author" content="Chandramouli, Ramaswamy"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Rose, Scott"/>  <meta name="og:site_name" content="CSRC | NIST"/> <meta name="og:type" content="article"/> <meta name="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003200456im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/81/2/final"/> <meta name="og:title" content="NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-81-2, Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide"/> <meta name="og:description" content="The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed computing system that enables access to Internet resources by user-friendly domain names rather than IP addresses, by translating domain names to IP addresses and back. The DNS infrastructure is made up of computing and communication entities called Name Servers each of which contains information about a small portion of the domain name space. The domain name data provided by DNS is intended to be available to any computer located anywhere in the Internet.This document provides deployment guidelines for securing DNS within an enterprise. Because DNS data is meant to be public, preserving the confidentiality of DNS data. The primary security goals for DNS are data integrity and source authentication, which are needed to ensure the authenticity of domain name information and maintain the integrity of domain name information in transit. This document provides extensive guidance on maintaining data integrity and performing source..."/> <meta name="article:author" content="Chandramouli, Ramaswamy"/> <meta name="article:author" content="Rose, Scott"/> <meta name="article:tag" content="Authoritative Name Server,Caching Name Server,Domain Name System (DNS),DNS Query/Response,DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC),Resource Record (RR),Trust Anchor,Validating Resolver"/> <meta name="article:published_time" content="2013-09-18"/> <meta name="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003200456im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/media/images/CSRC-logo-open-graph.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/web/20231003200456im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/web/20231003200456im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/web/20231003200456im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"/> <link rel="manifest" href="/web/20231003200456/https://csrc.nist.gov/images/icons/manifest.json"/> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/web/20231003200456im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#000000"/> <link href="/web/20231003200456im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"/> <link href="/web/20231003200456im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="icon"/> <link href="/web/20231003200456cs_/https://csrc.nist.gov/dist/app.css" rel="stylesheet"/>  <style> .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden; } </style> <script async type="text/javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003200456js_/https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=nist&subagency=csrc&pua=UA-66610693-15&yt=true&exts=xsd,xml,wav,mpg,mpeg,avi,rtf,webm,ogg,ogv,oga,map,otf,eot,svg,ttf,woff"></script> <style id="antiClickjackCss"> body > * { display: none !important; } #antiClickjack { display: block !important; } </style> <noscript> <style id="antiClickjackNoScript"> body > * { display: block !important; } #antiClickjack { display: none !important; } </style> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="antiClickjackScript"> if (self === top) { // no clickjacking var antiClickjack = document.getElementById("antiClickjackCss"); antiClickjack.parentNode.removeChild(antiClickjack); } else { setTimeout(tryForward(), 5000); } function tryForward() { top.location = self.location; } </script>  <script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003200456js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TSQ0PLGJZP"></script> <script> 聽聽window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 聽聽function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} 聽聽gtag('js', new Date()); 聽聽gtag('config', 'G-TSQ0PLGJZP'); </script> </head> <body> <div id="antiClickjack" style="display: none;"> <strong style="font-size: 1.6rem;">You are viewing this page in an unauthorized frame window.</strong> <p>This is a potential security issue, you are being redirected to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003200456/https://csrc.nist.gov/">https://csrc.nist.gov</a>.</p> </div> <section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion container"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <noscript> <p style="font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: bold;">You have JavaScript disabled. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003200456/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.csrc.e1a.nist.gov%2Fpubs%2Fsp%2F800%2F81%2F2%2Ffinal" class="social-facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share to Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003200456/https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.csrc.e1a.nist.gov%2Fpubs%2Fsp%2F800%2F81%2F2%2Ffinal" class="social-twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share to Twitter</span></a> </div> <p class="hidden-lg hidden-md">     <a href="#pubs-documentation" class="btn btn-lg btn-info" id="pub-topics-anchor-sm">Documentation</a>     <a href="#pubs-topics" class="btn btn-lg btn-info" id="pub-topics-anchor-sm">Topics</a> </p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-12 publication-panel"> <p> <strong>Date Published:</strong> <span id="pub-release-date" data-date-type="citation">September 2013 </span><br/> </p> <p> <strong>Supersedes:</strong> <span id="pub-supersedes-container" data-total="1"> <a href="/web/20231003200456/https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/81/r1/final" id="pub-supersedes-0">SP 800-81 Rev. 1 (04/30/2010)</a> </span><br/> </p> <h4>Author(s)</h4> <p id="pub-authors-container" data-total="2"> <span id="pub-author-0">Ramaswamy Chandramouli (NIST)</span>, <span id="pub-author-1">Scott Rose (NIST)</span> </p> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-success pub-abstract-callout"> <h4 id="pubs-abstract-header">Abstract</h4> <div class="hidden-sm hidden-xs hidden-xxs" id="pub-detail-abstract-info">The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed computing system that enables access to Internet resources by user-friendly domain names rather than IP addresses, by translating domain names to IP addresses and back. The DNS infrastructure is made up of computing and communication entities called Name Servers each of which contains information about a small portion of the domain name space. The domain name data provided by DNS is intended to be available to any computer located anywhere in the Internet.This document provides deployment guidelines for securing DNS within an enterprise. Because DNS data is meant to be public, preserving the confidentiality of DNS data. The primary security goals for DNS are data integrity and source authentication, which are needed to ensure the authenticity of domain name information and maintain the integrity of domain name information in transit. This document provides extensive guidance on maintaining data integrity and performing source authentication. DNS components are often subjected to denial-of-service attacks intended to disrupt access to the resources whose domain names are handled by the attacked DNS components. This document presents guidelines for configuring DNS deployments to prevent many denial-of-service attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in various DNS components.</div> <div class="hidden-lg hidden-md"> <div id="pub-detail-abstract-min"> The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed computing system that enables access to Internet resources by user-friendly domain names rather than IP addresses, by translating domain names to IP addresses and back. The DNS infrastructure is made up of computing and communication entities called Name... <a href="#pubs-abstract-header" id="pub-detail-abs-show">See full abstract</a> </div> <div id="pub-detail-abstract-all" style="display: none;"> The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed computing system that enables access to Internet resources by user-friendly domain names rather than IP addresses, by translating domain names to IP addresses and back. The DNS infrastructure is made up of computing and communication entities called Name Servers each of which contains information about a small portion of the domain name space. The domain name data provided by DNS is intended to be available to any computer located anywhere in the Internet.This document provides deployment guidelines for securing DNS within an enterprise. Because DNS data is meant to be public, preserving the confidentiality of DNS data. The primary security goals for DNS are data integrity and source authentication, which are needed to ensure the authenticity of domain name information and maintain the integrity of domain name information in transit. This document provides extensive guidance on maintaining data integrity and performing source authentication. DNS components are often subjected to denial-of-service attacks intended to disrupt access to the resources whose domain names are handled by the attacked DNS components. This document presents guidelines for configuring DNS deployments to prevent many denial-of-service attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in various DNS components.<br/> <a href="#pubs-abstract-header" id="pub-detail-abs-hide">Hide full abstract</a> </div> </div> <h4>Keywords</h4> <span id="pub-keywords-container" data-total="8"> <span id="pub-keyword-0">Authoritative Name Server</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-1">Caching Name Server</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-2">Domain Name System (DNS)</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-3">DNS Query/Response</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-4">DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-5">Resource Record (RR)</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-6">Trust Anchor</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-7">Validating Resolver</span> </span> </div> <h5>Control Families</h5> <p> <span id="pub-control-fam-container" data-total="6"> <span id="pub-control-fam-0">Access Control</span>; <span id="pub-control-fam-1">Configuration Management</span>; <span id="pub-control-fam-2">Contingency Planning</span>; <span id="pub-control-fam-3">Identification and Authentication</span>; <span id="pub-control-fam-4">Planning</span>; <span id="pub-control-fam-5">System and Communications Protection</span> </span> </p> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12"> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-success" id="pubs-documentation"> <h4>Documentation</h4> <p> <strong>Publication:</strong><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003200456/https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-81-2" id="pub-doi-link"> <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-81-2 </a><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003200456/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-81-2.pdf" id="pub-local-download-link"> <i class="fa fa-download"></i> Download URL </a><br/> </p> <p> <strong>Supplemental Material:</strong><br/> <span id="pub-supp-container" data-total="0">None available</span><br/> </p> <p> <strong>Related NIST Publications:</strong><br/> <span id="pub-related-container" data-total="1"> <a href="/web/20231003200456/https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/1800/6/final" id="pub-related-link-0">SP 1800-6 </a><br/> </span> </p> <p> <strong>Document History:</strong><br/> <span id="pub-history-container" data-total="1"> 09/18/13: <span id="pub-history-link-0" data-current-document="true">SP 800-81-2 (Final)</span><br/> </span> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="topicsCallout-lg"> <h4>Topics</h4> <strong id="pub-cat-0">Security and Privacy</strong> <p> <a id="pub-cat-top-0-0" href="/web/20231003200456/https://csrc.nist.gov/topics/security-and-privacy/security-programs-and-operations/planning">planning</a> </p> <strong id="pub-cat-1">Applications</strong> <p> <a id="pub-cat-top-1-0" href="/web/20231003200456/https://csrc.nist.gov/topics/applications/communications-and-wireless">communications & wireless</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div 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SP 800-81-2, Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide | CSRC