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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>European settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_and_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>20th and 21st centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography and environment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and environment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turks_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turks_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Turks Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turks_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mouchoir_Bank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mouchoir_Bank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mouchoir Bank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mouchoir_Bank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caicos_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caicos_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Caicos Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caicos_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Judiciary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_chief_justices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_chief_justices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>List of chief justices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_chief_justices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Public safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_and_defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_and_defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Military and defence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_and_defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Regiment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Regiment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Regiment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population_by_island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_by_island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Population by island</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_by_island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_of_the_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_of_the_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Structure of the population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_the_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spaceflight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spaceflight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Spaceflight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spaceflight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postal_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postal_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Postal system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postal_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celebrities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celebrities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Celebrities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celebrities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.2</span> <span>General information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turks and Caicos Islands</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 129 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-129" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">129 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_en_Caicoseilande" title="Turks- en Caicoseilande – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turks- en Caicoseilande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_und_Caicosinseln" title="Turks- und Caicosinseln – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Turks- und Caicosinseln" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%93_%E1%8A%A8%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%B4%E1%89%B6%E1%89%BD" title="ተርክስና ከይከስ ደሴቶች – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ተርክስና ከይከስ ደሴቶች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_j%C3%A1_Caicossuolluuh" title="Turks- já Caicossuolluuh – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turks- já Caicossuolluuh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="तुर्क आरो कोकोस द्वीप – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्क आरो कोकोस द्वीप" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcas_and_Caicos_%C4%AAegland" title="Turcas and Caicos Īegland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Turcas and Caicos Īegland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3_%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3" title="جزر توركس وكايكوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزر توركس وكايكوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Turcas_y_Caicos" title="Islas Turcas y Caicos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Islas Turcas y Caicos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iles_Turques_et_Cayiques" title="Iles Turques et Cayiques – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Iles Turques et Cayiques" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islles_Turques_y_Caicos" title="Islles Turques y Caicos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islles Turques y Caicos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rks_v%C9%99_Kaykos_adalar%C4%B1" title="Törks və Kaykos adaları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Törks və Kaykos adaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تورکس و کایکوس آدالاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکس و کایکوس آدالاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="টার্কস ও কেইকোস দ্বীপপুঞ্জ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টার্কস ও কেইকোস দ্বীপপুঞ্জ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_kap_Caicos_K%C3%BBn-t%C3%B3" title="Turks kap Caicos Kûn-tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Turks kap Caicos Kûn-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Цёркс і Кайкас – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цёркс і Кайкас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%96_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Тэркс і Кэйкас – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэркс і Кэйкас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Търкс и Кайкос – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Търкс и Кайкос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_i_Caicos" title="Turks i Caicos – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turks i Caicos" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inizi_Turks_ha_Caicos" title="Inizi Turks ha Caicos – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Inizi Turks ha Caicos" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illes_Turks_i_Caicos" title="Illes Turks i Caicos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illes Turks i Caicos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Тĕркс тата Кайкос – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕркс тата Кайкос" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapupud-an_Turks_ug_Kaikos" title="Kapupud-an Turks ug Kaikos – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kapupud-an Turks ug Kaikos" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_a_Caicos" title="Turks a Caicos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turks a Caicos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynysoedd_Turks_a_Caicos" title="Ynysoedd Turks a Caicos – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ynysoedd Turks a Caicos" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_og_Caicos%C3%B8erne" title="Turks- og Caicosøerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turks- og Caicosøerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_und_Caicosinseln" title="Turks- und Caicosinseln – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turks- und Caicosinseln" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%93%DE%A7%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0_%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%A8_%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%AF_%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%92%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A7" title="ޓާކަސް އަދި ކައިކޯ ޖަޒީރާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޓާކަސް އަދި ކައިކޯ ޖަޒީރާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_a_Caicos" title="Turks a Caicos – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turks a Caicos" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_ja_Caicos" title="Turks ja Caicos – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turks ja Caicos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τερκς και Κέικος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τερκς και Κέικος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Тёркс ды Кайкос – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Тёркс ды Кайкос" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Turcas_y_Caicos" title="Islas Turcas y Caicos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islas Turcas y Caicos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkoj_kaj_Kajkoj" title="Turkoj kaj Kajkoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkoj kaj Kajkoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkak_eta_Caicoak" title="Turkak eta Caicoak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkak eta Caicoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3" title="جزایر تورکس و کایکوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزایر تورکس و کایکوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_og_Caicosoyggjar" title="Turks- og Caicosoyggjar – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turks- og Caicosoyggjar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Turques-et-Ca%C3%AFques" title="Îles Turques-et-Caïques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Îles Turques-et-Caïques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_en_Kaikoseilannen" title="Turks- en Kaikoseilannen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turks- en Kaikoseilannen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oile%C3%A1in_na_dTurcach_agus_Caicos" title="Oileáin na dTurcach agus Caicos – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oileáin na dTurcach agus Caicos" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_hem_Caicos_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Turks hem Caicos Adaları – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Turks hem Caicos Adaları" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_e_Caicos" title="Turks e Caicos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turks e Caicos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_l%C3%A2u_Caicos_Khi%C3%B9n-t%C3%B3" title="Turks lâu Caicos Khiùn-tó – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Turks lâu Caicos Khiùn-tó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%84%B0%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="터크스 케이커스 제도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="터크스 케이커스 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%84%D5%BD_%D6%87_%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%BD_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թերքս և Քայքոս կղզիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թերքս և Քայքոս կղզիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="तुर्क और केकोस द्वीपसमूह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्क और केकोस द्वीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoci_Turks_i_Caicos" title="Otoci Turks i Caicos – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Otoci Turks i Caicos" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insuli_Turks_e_Kaikos" title="Insuli Turks e Kaikos – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Insuli Turks e Kaikos" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="তার্কস বারো কাইকোস দ্বীপমালা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তার্কস বারো কাইকোস দ্বীপমালা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Turks_dan_Caicos" title="Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%C3%A6%D0%BC%C3%A6_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Теркс æмæ Кайкос – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Теркс æмæ Кайкос" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_og_Caicoseyjar" title="Turks- og Caicoseyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Turks- og Caicoseyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_e_Caicos" title="Turks e Caicos – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turks e Caicos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A1_%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1" title="איי טרקס וקייקוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איי טרקס וקייקוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuloan_Turks_lan_Caicos" title="Kapuloan Turks lan Caicos – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kapuloan Turks lan Caicos" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ტერქსისა და კაიკოსის კუნძულები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტერქსისა და კაიკოსის კუნძულები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Туркс пен Кайкос – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Туркс пен Кайкос" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_ha_Kaykos" title="Turks ha Kaykos – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Turks ha Kaykos" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibirwa_bya_Takisi_na_Kayikosi" title="Ibirwa bya Takisi na Kayikosi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ibirwa bya Takisi na Kayikosi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Turks_na_Caicos" title="Visiwa vya Turks na Caicos – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Visiwa vya Turks na Caicos" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girav%C3%AAn_Turks_%C3%BB_Kaykos%C3%AA" title="Giravên Turks û Kaykosê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Giravên Turks û Kaykosê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Теркс жана Кайкос аралдары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Теркс жана Кайкос аралдары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%B1%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B4%D3%93_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Тӱркс дӓ Кайкос – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Тӱркс дӓ Кайкос" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijules_Turks_y_Caicos" title="Ijules Turks y Caicos – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ijules Turks y Caicos" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulae_Turcenses_et_Caicenses" title="Insulae Turcenses et Caicenses – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insulae Turcenses et Caicenses" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93rksas_un_Kaikosas" title="Tērksas un Kaikosas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tērksas un Kaikosas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_a_Caicosinselen" title="Turks- a Caicosinselen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Turks- a Caicosinselen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terksas_ir_Kaikosas" title="Terksas ir Kaikosas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Terksas ir Kaikosas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_e_Caicos" title="Turks e Caicos – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turks e Caicos" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_en_Caicoseilen" title="Turks- en Caicoseilen – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Turks- en Caicoseilen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_mp%C3%A9_Caicos" title="Turks mpé Caicos – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Turks mpé Caicos" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcs_e_Caicos" title="Turcs e Caicos – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turcs e Caicos" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_e_Caicos" title="Turks e Caicos – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Turks e Caicos" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_%C3%A9s_Caicos-szigetek" title="Turks- és Caicos-szigetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Turks- és Caicos-szigetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Туркс и Кајкос – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Туркс и Кајкос" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ടർക്സ്-കൈകോസ് ദ്വീപുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടർക്സ്-കൈകോസ് ദ്വീപുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="टर्क्स आणि कैकास द्वीपसमूह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टर्क्स आणि कैकास द्वीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტერქსიშ დო კაიკოსიშ კოკეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტერქსიშ დო კაიკოსიშ კოკეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3" title="جزر تيركس و سايكوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جزر تيركس و سايكوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تورکس و کایکوس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تورکس و کایکوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Turks_dan_Caicos" title="Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_g%C3%A2e%CC%A4ng_Caicos_G%C3%B9ng-d%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Turks gâe̤ng Caicos Gùng-dō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Turks gâe̤ng Caicos Gùng-dō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_en_Caicoseilanden" title="Turks- en Caicoseilanden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turks- en Caicoseilanden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6" title="タークス・カイコス諸島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タークス・カイコス諸島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B0,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%B0" title="Теркс а, Кайкос а – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Теркс а, Кайкос а" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_an_Caicos_Eilunen" title="Turks an Caicos Eilunen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Turks an Caicos Eilunen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem_Turks_a%27_Caicos_Ailen" title="Dem Turks a' Caicos Ailen – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Dem Turks a' Caicos Ailen" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_og_Caicos%C3%B8yene" title="Turks- og Caicosøyene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turks- og Caicosøyene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_og_Caicos%C3%B8yane" title="Turks- og Caicosøyane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Turks- og Caicosøyane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_e_Kaikos_Isles" title="Turks e Kaikos Isles – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turks e Kaikos Isles" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illas_Turcas_e_Ca%C3%AFcas" title="Illas Turcas e Caïcas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Illas Turcas e Caïcas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terks_va_Kaykos_orollari" title="Terks va Kaykos orollari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Terks va Kaykos orollari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82" title="ਤੁਰਕ ਅਤੇ ਕੇਕੋਸ ਟਾਪੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕ ਅਤੇ ਕੇਕੋਸ ਟਾਪੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%AA%DB%92_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%92" title="ٹرکس تے کائیکس جزیرے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹرکس تے کائیکس جزیرے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerx_ah_Kiekos" title="Toerx ah Kiekos – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Toerx ah Kiekos" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_e_Caicos" title="Turks e Caicos – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turks e Caicos" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_un_Caicosinseln" title="Turks- un Caicosinseln – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Turks- un Caicosinseln" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_i_Caicos" title="Turks i Caicos – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turks i Caicos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhas_Turcas_e_Caicos" title="Ilhas Turcas e Caicos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilhas Turcas e Caicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulele_Turks_%C8%99i_Caicos" title="Insulele Turks și Caicos – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insulele Turks și Caicos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Теркс и Кайкос – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теркс и Кайкос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Төркс уонна Кайкос – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Төркс уонна Кайкос" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_dhe_Kaikos" title="Turks dhe Kaikos – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turks dhe Kaikos" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_e_Caicos" title="Turks e Caicos – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turks e Caicos" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turks and Caicos Islands" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_a_Caicos" title="Turks a Caicos – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turks a Caicos" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoki_Turks_in_Caicos" title="Otoki Turks in Caicos – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Otoki Turks in Caicos" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B3" title="دوورگەکانی تورکس و کایکۆس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دوورگەکانی تورکس و کایکۆس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Теркс и Кејкос – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Теркс и Кејкос" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_i_Caicos" title="Turks i Caicos – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turks i Caicos" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuloan_Turks_jeung_Kaikos" title="Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kapuloan Turks jeung Kaikos" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_ja_Caicossaaret" title="Turks- ja Caicossaaret – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turks- ja Caicossaaret" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks-_och_Caicos%C3%B6arna" title="Turks- och Caicosöarna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turks- och Caicosöarna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuluang_Turcas_at_Caicos" title="Kapuluang Turcas at Caicos – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kapuluang Turcas at Caicos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="துர்கசு கைகோசு தீவுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துர்கசு கைகோசு தீவுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Төркс һәм Кайкос – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төркс һәм Кайкос" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AF%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%91%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88_%E1%80%9C%E1%82%84%E1%82%88_%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="မူႇၵုၼ် ထၢၵ်ႈ လႄႈ ၶေးၶတ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မူႇၵုၼ် ထၢၵ်ႈ လႄႈ ၶေးၶတ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="หมู่เกาะเติกส์และเคคอส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมู่เกาะเติกส์และเคคอส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOtumotu_Tuki_mo_Kaikosi" title="ʻOtumotu Tuki mo Kaikosi – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻOtumotu Tuki mo Kaikosi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_ve_Caicos_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Turks ve Caicos Adaları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Turks ve Caicos Adaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Острови Теркс і Кайкос – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Острови Теркс і Кайкос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%81" title="جزائر کیکس و ترکیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جزائر کیکس و ترکیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3_%DB%8B%DB%95_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%89%D9%85_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="تۇركس ۋە كايكوس تاقىم ئاراللىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۇركس ۋە كايكوس تاقىم ئاراللىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o_Turks_v%C3%A0_Caicos" title="Quần đảo Turks và Caicos – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quần đảo Turks và Caicos" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuropod-an_Turks_ngan_Caicos" title="Kapuropod-an Turks ngan Caicos – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kapuropod-an Turks ngan Caicos" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Turks and Caicos Islands" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%87%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="特克斯凯科斯群岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="特克斯凯科斯群岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_Er%C3%A9k%C3%B9%E1%B9%A3%C3%B9_Turks_%C3%A0ti_Caicos" title="Àwọn Erékùṣù Turks àti Caicos – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Erékùṣù Turks àti Caicos" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%8A%E5%87%B1%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="特克斯及凱科斯群島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="特克斯及凱科斯群島" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&params=21_43_N_71_33_W_type:isle_region:TC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°43′N</span> <span class="longitude">71°33′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.717°N 71.550°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.717; -71.550</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Education in the Turks and Caicos Islands</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British overseas territory in the Caribbean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Caicos" and "Turks & Caicos" redirect here. For the ship, see <a href="/wiki/HMS_Caicos_(K505)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Caicos (K505)">HMS <i>Caicos</i> (K505)</a>. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Turks_%26_Caicos_(film)" title="Turks & Caicos (film)"><i>Turks & Caicos</i> (film)</a>. For the song, see <a href="/wiki/Turks_%26_Caicos_(song)" title="Turks & Caicos (song)">"Turks & Caicos" (song)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British Overseas Territory in United Kingdom</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Turks and Caicos Islands</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Turks and Caicos Islands"><img alt="Flag of Turks and Caicos Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/130px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/260px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Turks and Caicos Islands"><img alt="Official seal of Turks and Caicos Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="787" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Coat of arms of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Anthem</b>: "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>"<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="50" data-mwtitle="U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=cy&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cy" label="Cymraeg ‪(cy)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=dag&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="dag" label="dagbanli ‪(dag)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=ga&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ga" label="Gaeilge ‪(ga)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=gd&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gd" label="Gàidhlig ‪(gd)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=la&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="la" label="Latina ‪(la)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=mi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mi" label="Māori ‪(mi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=my&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="my" label="မြန်မာဘာသာ ‪(my)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=nrm&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nrf" label="Nouormand ‪(nrm)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">National song: "<a href="/wiki/This_Land_of_Ours" title="This Land of Ours">This Land of Ours</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="143" data-mwtitle="This_Land_of_Ours_Instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/This_Land_of_Ours_Instrumental.ogg/This_Land_of_Ours_Instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/This_Land_of_Ours_Instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_in_United_Kingdom_(special_marker).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Turks and Caicos Islands (circled in red)"><img alt="Location of Turks and Caicos Islands (circled in red)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_in_United_Kingdom_%28special_marker%29.svg/290px-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_in_United_Kingdom_%28special_marker%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_in_United_Kingdom_%28special_marker%29.svg/435px-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_in_United_Kingdom_%28special_marker%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_in_United_Kingdom_%28special_marker%29.svg/580px-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_in_United_Kingdom_%28special_marker%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="575" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Turks and Caicos Islands (circled in red)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 September 1783</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">Federation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 January 1958</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Separate colony</th><td class="infobox-data">31 May 1962</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Grand Turk (Cockburn Town)</a><sup id="cite_ref-UKOverseasTerritories_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKOverseasTerritories-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Providenciales" title="Providenciales">Providenciales</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">88% <a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_people" title="Afro-Caribbean people">Afro-Caribbean</a><br />8% <a href="/wiki/White_Caribbeans" class="mw-redirect" title="White Caribbeans">Euro-Caribbean</a><br />4% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">Mixed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Caribbeans">Indo-Caribbeans</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Turks and Caicos Islander, Turks Islander, Caicos Islander</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Politics of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependency</a> under <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dileeni_Daniel-Selvaratnam" title="Dileeni Daniel-Selvaratnam">Dileeni Daniel-Selvaratnam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Deputy Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Deputy Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anya_Williams" title="Anya Williams">Anya Williams</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Premier</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Misick" title="Washington Misick">Washington Misick</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Turks_and_Caicos_Islands)" title="House of Assembly (Turks and Caicos Islands)">House of Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Europe,_North_America_and_Overseas_Territories" title="Minister of State for Europe, North America and Overseas Territories">Minister</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Doughty" title="Stephen Doughty">Stephen Doughty</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">948 km<sup>2</sup> (366 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">negligible</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">48 m (157 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">49,309<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">215th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2012 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">31,458<sup id="cite_ref-StatisticsYearbook2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatisticsYearbook2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">121.7<sup id="cite_ref-VitalStatistics2020_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VitalStatistics2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/sq mi (47.0/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2020 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$924,583,000<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a> (US$) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">USD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbers in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">+1</a>-<a href="/wiki/Area_code_649" title="Area code 649">649</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom#British_Overseas_Territories" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">UK postcode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">TKCA 1ZZ</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:TC" title="ISO 3166-2:TC">TC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.tc" title=".tc">.tc</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gov.tc/">gov.tc</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Turks and Caicos Islands</b> (abbreviated <b>TCI</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>) are a <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a> consisting of the larger <b>Caicos Islands</b> and smaller <b>Turks Islands</b>, two groups of <a href="/wiki/Island#Tropical_islands" title="Island">tropical islands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelago" title="Lucayan Archipelago">Lucayan Archipelago</a> of the Atlantic Ocean and northern <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are known primarily for tourism and as an <a href="/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre" title="Offshore financial centre">offshore financial centre</a>. The resident population in 2023 was estimated by <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> at 59,367, making it the third-largest of the British overseas territories by population.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to a Department of Statistics estimate in 2022, the population was 47,720.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands are southeast of <a href="/wiki/Mayaguana" title="Mayaguana">Mayaguana</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">the Bahamas</a> island chain and north of the island of <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>). <a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Cockburn Town</a>, the capital since 1766, is situated on <a href="/wiki/Grand_Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Turk">Grand Turk</a><sup id="cite_ref-UKOverseasTerritories_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKOverseasTerritories-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about 1,042 kilometres (647 mi) east-southeast of <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>. They have a total land area of 430 square kilometres (170 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-area_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands were inhabited for centuries by <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Taíno people">Taíno people</a>. The first recorded European sighting of them was in 1512.<sup id="cite_ref-MinorityRightsGroup_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MinorityRightsGroup-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In subsequent centuries, they were claimed by several European powers, with the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> eventually gaining control. For many years they were governed indirectly through <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, the Bahamas, and <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>. When the Bahamas gained independence in 1973, the islands received their <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">own governor</a>, and have remained an autonomous territory since.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Caico[s]</i> is from the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_language" title="Taíno language">Lucayan</a> <i>caya hico</i>, meaning 'string of islands'.<sup id="cite_ref-etymology_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymology-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Turks Islands are named after the Turk's cap cactus, <i><a href="/wiki/Melocactus_intortus" title="Melocactus intortus">Melocactus intortus</a></i>, whose red <a href="/wiki/Cephalium" title="Cephalium">cephalium</a> resembles the <a href="/wiki/Fez_(hat)" title="Fez (hat)">fez hat</a> worn by Turks in the late <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-etymology_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymology-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="History of the Turks and Caicos Islands">History of the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonial_era">Pre-colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first inhabitants of the islands were the <a href="/wiki/Arawakan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arawakan language">Arawakan-speaking</a> <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Taíno people">Taíno people</a>, who most likely crossed over from <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> some time from AD 500 to 800.<sup id="cite_ref-CratonSaunders_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CratonSaunders-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 18">: 18 </span></sup> Together with Taíno who migrated from Cuba to the southern Bahamas around the same time, these people developed as the <a href="/wiki/Lucayan_people" title="Lucayan people">Lucayan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 80–86">: 80–86 </span></sup> Around 1200, the Turks and Caicos Islands were resettled by Classical Taínos from Hispaniola.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_arrival">European arrival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: European arrival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is unknown precisely who the first European to sight the islands was. Some sources state that <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> saw the islands on his voyage to the Americas in 1492.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other sources state that it is more likely that <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> conquistador <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a> was the first European in Turks and Caicos, in 1512.<sup id="cite_ref-MinorityRightsGroup_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MinorityRightsGroup-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In either case, by 1512 the Spanish had begun capturing the Taíno and Lucayans as labourers in the <i><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">encomienda</a></i> system to replace the largely depleted native population of Hispaniola.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 92–99">: 92–99 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 159–160, 191">: 159–160, 191 </span></sup> As a result of this, and the introduction of diseases to which the native people had no immunity, the southern Bahama Islands and the Turks and Caicos Islands were completely depopulated by about 1513, and remained so until the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 34–37">: 34–37 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 37–39">: 37–39 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (March 2022)"><span class="nowrap">page range too broad</span></span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_settlement">European settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: European settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Colony of Jamaica</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_raking_salt_stamp_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_raking_salt_stamp_1938.jpg/220px-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_raking_salt_stamp_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_raking_salt_stamp_1938.jpg/330px-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_raking_salt_stamp_1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_raking_salt_stamp_1938.jpg/440px-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_raking_salt_stamp_1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Raking salt on a 1938 postage stamp of the islands</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_Lighthouse_Park_on_Grand_Turk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Historic_Lighthouse_Park_on_Grand_Turk.jpg/220px-Historic_Lighthouse_Park_on_Grand_Turk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Historic_Lighthouse_Park_on_Grand_Turk.jpg/330px-Historic_Lighthouse_Park_on_Grand_Turk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Historic_Lighthouse_Park_on_Grand_Turk.jpg/440px-Historic_Lighthouse_Park_on_Grand_Turk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Turk_Lighthouse" title="Grand Turk Lighthouse">1852 lighthouse on Grand Turk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From the mid-1600s <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermudian</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> collectors began seasonally visiting the islands, later settling more permanently with their African slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tcmuseum.org_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tcmuseum.org-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For several decades around the turn of the 18th century, the islands became popular pirate hideouts.<sup id="cite_ref-tcmuseum.org_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tcmuseum.org-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_War_(1778%E2%80%931783)" title="Anglo-French War (1778–1783)">Anglo-French War (1778–1783)</a> the French <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Turk" title="Battle of Grand Turk">captured the archipelago</a> in 1783; however, it was later confirmed as a British colony with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American War of Independence</a> (1775–1783), many <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a> fled to British Caribbean colonies, also bringing with them African slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tcmuseum.org_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tcmuseum.org-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They developed cotton as an important cash crop, but it was superseded by the development of the salt industry, with the labour done by African slaves forcibly imported from Africa or the other Caribbean islands and their descendants, who soon came to outnumber the European settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1799, both the Turks and the Caicos island groups were annexed by Britain as part of the Bahamas.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The processing of sea salt was developed as a highly important export product from the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> and continued to be a major export product into the nineteenth century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1807, Britain prohibited the slave trade and, in 1833, <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolition of slavery">abolished slavery</a> in its colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British ships sometimes intercepted slave traders in the Caribbean, and some ships were wrecked off the coast of these islands. In 1837, the <i>Esperança,</i> a Portuguese slaver, was wrecked off East Caicos, one of the larger islands. While the crew and 220 captive Africans survived the shipwreck, 18 Africans died before the survivors were taken to Nassau. Africans from this ship may have been among the 189 liberated Africans whom the British colonists settled in the Turks and Caicos from 1833 to 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-sadler_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadler-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 211">: 211 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1841, the <i><a href="/wiki/Trouvadore" title="Trouvadore">Trouvadore</a></i>, an illegal Spanish slave ship, was wrecked off the coast of East Caicos. All of the 20 man crew and 192 captive Africans survived the sinking. Officials freed the Africans and arranged for 168 persons to be <a href="/wiki/Apprenticed" class="mw-redirect" title="Apprenticed">apprenticed</a> to island proprietors on Grand Turk for one year. They increased the small population of the colony by seven per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-sadler_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadler-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 212">: 212 </span></sup> The remaining 24 were resettled in <a href="/wiki/Nassau,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau, Bahamas">Nassau, Bahamas</a>. The Spanish crew were also taken there, to be turned over to the custody of the Cuban consul and taken to Cuba for prosecution.<sup id="cite_ref-sutton_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sutton-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An 1878 letter documents the "Trouvadore Africans" and their descendants as constituting an essential part of the "labouring population" on the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-sadler_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadler-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 210">: 210 </span></sup> In 2004, marine archaeologists affiliated with the Turks and Caicos National Museum discovered a wreck, called the "Black Rock Ship", that subsequent research has suggested may be that of the <i>Trouvadore</i>. In November 2008, a cooperative marine archaeology expedition, funded by the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanographic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, confirmed that the wreck has artifacts whose style and date of manufacture link them to the <i>Trouvadore</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sadler_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadler-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sutton_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sutton-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1848, Britain designated the Turks and Caicos as a separate colony under a <a href="/wiki/Council_President_of_the_Turks_of_Caicos" class="mw-redirect" title="Council President of the Turks of Caicos">council president</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1873–4, the islands were made part of the Jamaica colony;<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1894, the chief colonial official was restyled <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioner of the Turks and Caicos Islands">commissioner</a>. In 1917, Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Robert Borden</a> suggested that <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Canadian_annexation_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed Canadian annexation of the Turks and Caicos Islands">the Turks and Caicos join Canada</a>, but this suggestion was rejected by British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> and the islands remained a dependency of Jamaica.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_centuries">20th and 21st centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 20th and 21st centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelago" title="Lucayan Archipelago">Lucayan Archipelago</a></div> <p>On 4 July 1959 the islands were again designated as a separate colony, the last commissioner being restyled <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos" title="Administrator of the Turks and Caicos">administrator</a>. The governor of Jamaica also continued as the governor of the islands. When Jamaica was granted independence from Britain in August 1962, the Turks and Caicos Islands became a <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown colony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1965, the governor of the Bahamas was also governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands and oversaw affairs for the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharlene-cartwright-robinson.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sharlene-cartwright-robinson.png/175px-Sharlene-cartwright-robinson.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sharlene-cartwright-robinson.png/263px-Sharlene-cartwright-robinson.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Sharlene-cartwright-robinson.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Sharlene Cartwright-Robinson, the first female Premier of Turks and Caicos, served from 2016 to 2021.</figcaption></figure> <p>When the Bahamas gained independence in 1973, the Turks and Caicos received their own governor (the last administrator was restyled).<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, Canadian <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Max_Saltsman" title="Max Saltsman">Max Saltsman</a> proposed in his private member's bill C-249, "An Act Respecting a Proposed Association Between Canada and the Caribbean Turks and Caicos Islands" that Canada form an association with the Turks and Caicos Islands; however, it was never submitted to a vote.<sup id="cite_ref-hall_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since August 1976, the islands have had their own government headed by a chief minister (now <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands">premier</a>), the first of whom was <a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_George_Smith_McCartney" title="James Alexander George Smith McCartney">J. A. G. S. McCartney</a>. Moves towards independence in the early 1980s were stalled by the <a href="/wiki/1980_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_general_election" title="1980 Turks and Caicos Islands general election">election</a> of an anti-independence party in 1980 and since then the islands have remained British territory.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local government was suspended from 1986 to 1988, following allegation of government involvement with drug trafficking which resulted in the arrest of Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Norman_Saunders_(politician)" title="Norman Saunders (politician)">Norman Saunders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Griffith_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffith-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 495–6">: 495–6 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2002 the islands were re-designated a British Overseas Territory, with islanders gaining full British citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands#2006" title="Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands">constitution</a> was promulgated in 2006; however in 2009 Premier <a href="/wiki/Michael_Misick" title="Michael Misick">Michael Misick</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Party_(Turks_and_Caicos_Islands)" title="Progressive National Party (Turks and Caicos Islands)">Progressive National Party</a> (PNP) resigned in the face of corruption charges, and the United Kingdom took over direct control of the government.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period of direct British rule, in 2010 the leaders of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands discussed the possibility of forming a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands#2011" title="Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands">constitution</a> was promulgated in October 2012 and the government was returned to full local administration after the <a href="/wiki/2012_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_general_election" title="2012 Turks and Caicos Islands general election">November 2012 elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clegg_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clegg-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 56">: 56 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Ewing" title="Rufus Ewing">Rufus Ewing</a> of the PNP was elected as the new, restored, premier.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_general_election" title="2016 Turks and Caicos Islands general election">2016 elections</a>, the PNP lost for the first time since they replaced <a href="/wiki/Derek_Hugh_Taylor" title="Derek Hugh Taylor">Derek Hugh Taylor's</a> government in 2003. The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Movement_(Turks_and_Caicos_Islands)" title="People's Democratic Movement (Turks and Caicos Islands)">People's Democratic Movement</a> (PDM) came to power with <a href="/wiki/Sharlene_Cartwright-Robinson" title="Sharlene Cartwright-Robinson">Sharlene Cartwright-Robinson</a> as Premier.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-Top-jobs_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-Top-jobs-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Washington_Misick" title="Washington Misick">Washington Misick</a> after the PNP returned to power after winning the <a href="/wiki/2021_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_general_election" title="2021 Turks and Caicos Islands general election">2021 general elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_environment">Geography and environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography and environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TurksAndCaicosIslands2021OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/TurksAndCaicosIslands2021OSM.png/400px-TurksAndCaicosIslands2021OSM.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/TurksAndCaicosIslands2021OSM.png/600px-TurksAndCaicosIslands2021OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/TurksAndCaicosIslands2021OSM.png/800px-TurksAndCaicosIslands2021OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="4336" data-file-height="2741" /></a><figcaption>A map of the Turks and Caicos Islands</figcaption></figure> <p>The two island groups are in the North Atlantic Ocean about 160 kilometres (99 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> and about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) from Miami in the United States, at <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&params=21_43_N_71_33_W_type:isle_region:TC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°43′N</span> <span class="longitude">71°33′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.717°N 71.550°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.717; -71.550</span></span></span></a></span></span>. The territory is <a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">geographically</a> contiguous to the Bahamas, both comprising the <a href="/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelago" title="Lucayan Archipelago">Lucayan Archipelago</a>, but is politically a separate entity. The Caicos Islands are separated by the <a href="/wiki/Caicos_Passage" class="mw-redirect" title="Caicos Passage">Caicos Passage</a> from the closest Bahamian islands, <a href="/wiki/Mayaguana" title="Mayaguana">Mayaguana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Inagua" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Inagua">Great Inagua</a>. The nearest foreign landmass from the Turks and Caicos Islands is the Bahamian island of <a href="/wiki/Little_Inagua" title="Little Inagua">Little Inagua</a>, about 30 miles (48 km) from <a href="/wiki/West_Caicos" title="West Caicos">West Caicos</a>. </p><p>The eight main islands and more than <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Turks_and_Caicos" title="List of islands of Turks and Caicos">22 smaller islands</a> have a total land area of 616.3 square kilometres (238.0 square miles),<sup id="cite_ref-area_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consisting primarily of low, flat <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> with extensive <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamps</a> and 332 square kilometres (128 sq mi) of beach front. The tallest peaks in the islands are <a href="/wiki/Blue_Hills,_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Blue Hills, Turks and Caicos Islands">Blue Hills</a> on <a href="/wiki/Providenciales" title="Providenciales">Providenciales</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flamingo_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flamingo Hill (page does not exist)">Flamingo Hill</a> on <a href="/wiki/East_Caicos" title="East Caicos">East Caicos</a>, both at a modest 48 m.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weather is usually sunny (it is generally regarded that the islands receive 350 days of sun each year<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and relatively dry, but suffers frequent hurricanes.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have limited natural fresh water resources; private cisterns collect rainwater for drinking. The primary natural resources are <a href="/wiki/Spiny_lobster" title="Spiny lobster">spiny lobster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conch" title="Conch">conch</a>, and other shellfish. Turks and Caicos contains three terrestrial ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Bahamian_dry_forests" title="Bahamian dry forests">Bahamian dry forests</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bahamian_pineyards" title="Bahamian pineyards">Bahamian pineyards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bahamian-Antillean_mangroves" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamian-Antillean mangroves">Bahamian-Antillean mangroves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two distinct island groups are separated by the Turks Island Passage.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turks_Islands">Turks Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Turks Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Turks Islands are separated from the Caicos Islands by Turks Island Passage, which is more than 2,200 m (7,200 ft) deep.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands form a chain that stretches north–south. The 2012 <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> population was 4,939 on the two main islands, the only inhabited islands of the group: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Turk">Grand Turk</a> (with the capital of the territory, area 17.39 km<sup>2</sup> (6.71 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-depstc.org_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-depstc.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population 4,831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Cay,_Turks_Islands" title="Salt Cay, Turks Islands">Salt Cay</a> (area 6.74 km<sup>2</sup> (2.60 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-depstc.org_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-depstc.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population 108)</li></ul> <p>Together with nearby islands, all on Turks Bank, those two main islands form the two administrative <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Districts of the Turks and Caicos Islands">districts</a> of the territory (out of six in total) that fall within the Turks Islands. Turks Bank, which is smaller than Caicos Bank, has a total area of about 324 km<sup>2</sup> (125 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-seaaroundus.org_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seaaroundus.org-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 149">: 149 </span></sup> </p><p>The main uninhabited islands are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Sand_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big Sand Cay (page does not exist)">Big Sand Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Cay" title="Cotton Cay">Cotton Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Cay,_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">East Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endymion_Rock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endymion Rock (page does not exist)">Endymion Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibbs_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibbs Cay (page does not exist)">Gibbs Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pear_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pear Cay (page does not exist)">Pear Cay</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mouchoir_Bank">Mouchoir Bank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mouchoir Bank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>25 kilometres (16 mi) east of the Turks Islands and separated from them by Mouchoir Passage is the <a href="/wiki/Mouchoir_Bank" title="Mouchoir Bank">Mouchoir Bank</a>. Although it has no emergent cays or islets, some parts are very shallow and the water breaks on them. Mouchoir Bank is part of the Turks and Caicos Islands and falls within its <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclusive Economic Zone">Exclusive Economic Zone</a>. It measures 958 square kilometres (370 sq mi) in area.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 127">: 127 </span></sup> Two banks further east, <a href="/wiki/Silver_Bank" title="Silver Bank">Silver Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navidad_Bank" title="Navidad Bank">Navidad Bank</a>, are geographically a continuation, but belong politically to the Dominican Republic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caicos_Islands">Caicos Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Caicos Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest island in the Caicos archipelago is the sparsely-inhabited Middle Caicos, which measures 144 square kilometres (56 sq mi) in area, but has a population of only 168 at the 2012 Census. The most populated island is <a href="/wiki/Providenciales" title="Providenciales">Providenciales</a>, with 23,769 inhabitants in 2012, and an area of 122 square kilometres (47 sq mi). <a href="/wiki/North_Caicos" title="North Caicos">North Caicos</a> (116 square kilometres (45 sq mi) in area) had 1,312 inhabitants. <a href="/wiki/South_Caicos" title="South Caicos">South Caicos</a> (21 square kilometres (8.1 sq mi) in area) had 1,139 inhabitants, and <a href="/wiki/Parrot_Cay" title="Parrot Cay">Parrot Cay</a> (6 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi) in area) had 131 inhabitants. <a href="/wiki/East_Caicos" title="East Caicos">East Caicos</a> (which is administered as part of South Caicos District) is uninhabited, while the only permanent inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/West_Caicos" title="West Caicos">West Caicos</a> (administered as part of Providenciales District) are resort staff.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Caicos Islands comprise the following main islands: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambergris_Cays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambergris Cays (page does not exist)">Ambergris Cays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ambergris_Cay" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Ambergris Cay">Big Ambergris Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Ambergris_Cay" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Ambergris Cay">Little Ambergris Cay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bay Cay (page does not exist)">Bay Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bush_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bush Cay (page does not exist)">Bush Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dellis_Cay" title="Dellis Cay">Dellis Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donna_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donna Cay (page does not exist)">Donna Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dove_Cay,_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dove Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Dove Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Bay_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Bay Cay (page does not exist)">East Bay Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Caicos" title="East Caicos">East Caicos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_Cays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fish Cays (page does not exist)">Fish Cays</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Cays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Five Cays (page does not exist)">Five Cays</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Little_Cays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Five Little Cays (page does not exist)">Five Little Cays</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_George_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort George Cay (page does not exist)">Fort George Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Cay (page does not exist)">French Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_Water_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Water Cay (page does not exist)">Little Water Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Cay,_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Long Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangrove_Cay,_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangrove Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Mangrove Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Caicos" title="Middle Caicos">Middle Caicos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middleton_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middleton Cay (page does not exist)">Middleton Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caicos" title="North Caicos">North Caicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrot_Cay" title="Parrot Cay">Parrot Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Cay" title="Pine Cay">Pine Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plandon_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plandon Cay (page does not exist)">Plandon Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providenciales" title="Providenciales">Providenciales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seal_Cays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seal Cays (page does not exist)">Seal Cays</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six_Hill_Cays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Six Hill Cays (page does not exist)">Six Hill Cays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caicos" title="South Caicos">South Caicos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stubbs_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stubbs Cay (page does not exist)">Stubbs Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_Cay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water Cay (page does not exist)">Water Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Caicos" title="West Caicos">West Caicos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Sand_Spit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Sand Spit (page does not exist)">West Sand Spit</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Turks and Caicos Islands feature a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savannah climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">AW</a>), with relatively consistent temperatures throughout the course of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summertime temperatures rarely exceed 33 °C (91 °F) and winter nighttime temperatures rarely fall below 18 °C (64 °F). Water temperature in the summer is 82 to 84 degrees (28–29 degrees celsius) and in winter about 74 to 78 degrees (23–26 degrees celsius). A constant trade wind keeps the climate at a very comfortable level.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Tang_and_Squirrelfish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Blue_Tang_and_Squirrelfish.jpg/220px-Blue_Tang_and_Squirrelfish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Blue_Tang_and_Squirrelfish.jpg/330px-Blue_Tang_and_Squirrelfish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Blue_Tang_and_Squirrelfish.jpg/440px-Blue_Tang_and_Squirrelfish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Acanthurus_coeruleus" title="Acanthurus coeruleus">blue tang</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Squirrelfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Squirrelfish">squirrelfish</a> in Princess Alexandra Land and Sea National Park, Providenciales</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whale-off-south-caicos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Whale-off-south-caicos.jpg/220px-Whale-off-south-caicos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Whale-off-south-caicos.jpg/330px-Whale-off-south-caicos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Whale-off-south-caicos.jpg/440px-Whale-off-south-caicos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Humpback whale</a> breaching off <a href="/wiki/South_Caicos" title="South Caicos">South Caicos</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Turks and Caicos Islands are a <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">biodiversity hotspot</a>. The islands have many <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic species</a> and others of international importance, due to the conditions created by the oldest established salt-pan development in the Caribbean. The variety of species includes a number of endemic species of lizards, snakes, insects and plants, and <a href="/wiki/Marine_life" title="Marine life">marine organisms</a>; in addition to being an important breeding area for seabirds.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UK and Turks and Caicos Islands Governments have joint responsibility for the conservation and preservation to meet obligations under international environmental conventions.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to this significance, the islands are on the United Kingdom's tentative list for future <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Politics of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Politics of the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cockburn_Town.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cockburn_Town.jpg/220px-Cockburn_Town.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cockburn_Town.jpg/330px-Cockburn_Town.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cockburn_Town.jpg/440px-Cockburn_Town.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1460" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>A street in <a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Cockburn Town</a>, the capital of the Turks and Caicos Islands</figcaption></figure> <p>The Turks and Caicos Islands are a <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Overseas Territory">British Overseas Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a British territory, its sovereign is <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> of the United Kingdom, represented by a <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">governor</a> appointed by the monarch, on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Office">Foreign Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the election of the territory's first Chief Minister, <a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_George_Smith_McCartney" title="James Alexander George Smith McCartney">J. A. G. S. McCartney</a>, the islands first adopted a <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands">constitution</a> on 30 August 1976. The national holiday, Constitution Day, is celebrated annually on 30 August.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territory's legal system is based on English <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>, with a small number of laws adopted from Jamaica and the Bahamas. Suffrage is universal for those over 18 years of age. English is the official language. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Turk">Grand Turk</a> is the administrative and political capital of the Turks and Caicos Islands and <a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Cockburn Town</a> has been the seat of government since 1766. </p><p>The Turks and Caicos Islands participate in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a>, is an associate in <a href="/wiki/CARICOM" class="mw-redirect" title="CARICOM">CARICOM</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> and maintains an <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> sub-bureau. The United Nations <a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_on_Decolonization" title="Special Committee on Decolonization">Special Committee on Decolonization</a> includes the territory on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_list_of_non-self-governing_territories" title="United Nations list of non-self-governing territories">United Nations list of non-self-governing territories</a>. </p><p>Under the new Constitution that came into effect in October 2012, legislative power is held by a unicameral <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Turks_and_Caicos_Islands)" title="House of Assembly (Turks and Caicos Islands)">House of Assembly</a>, consisting of 19 seats, 15 elected and four appointed by the governor; of elected members, five are elected at large and 10 from single-member districts for four-year terms.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_general_election" title="2021 Turks and Caicos Islands general election">2021 elections</a> the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Party_(Turks_and_Caicos_Islands)" title="Progressive National Party (Turks and Caicos Islands)">Progressive National Party</a> won in a landslide and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Misick" title="Washington Misick">Washington Misick</a> became Premier.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-Top-jobs_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-Top-jobs-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Districts of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Districts of the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></div> <p>The Turks and Caicos Islands are divided into six administrative districts (two in the Turks Islands and four in the Caicos Islands), headed by district commissioners. For the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_House_of_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks and Caicos Islands House of Assembly">House of Assembly</a>, the Turks and Caicos Islands are divided into 15 electoral districts (four in the Turks Islands and eleven in the Caicos Islands). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Judiciary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The judicial branch of government is headed by a Supreme Court; appeals are heard by the Court of Appeal and final appeals by the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three justices of the Supreme Court, a Chief Justice and two others. The Court of Appeal consists of a president and at least two justices of appeal. </p><p>Magistrates' Courts are the lower courts and appeals from Magistrates' Courts are sent to the Supreme Court. </p><p>As of April 2020, the Chief Justice is Justice <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Agyemang" title="Mabel Agyemang">Mabel Agyemang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_chief_justices">List of chief justices</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: List of chief justices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:Chief_justices_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Category:Chief justices of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Category: Chief justices of the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></div> <ul><li>1985–1987: <a href="/wiki/John_Fieldsend" title="John Fieldsend">John Charles Rowell Fieldsend</a></li> <li>1987–1990: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Smith_(barrister)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Smith (barrister)">Frederick Smith</a></li> <li>1998–2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ground" title="Richard Ground">Richard William Ground</a></li> <li>2004–2007: Christopher James Ellis Gardner</li> <li>2008–2012: <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Ward_(judge)" title="Gordon Ward (judge)">Frederick Gordon Roy Ward</a></li> <li>2014–2020: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ramsay-Hale" title="Margaret Ramsay-Hale">Margaret Ramsay-Hale</a></li> <li>2020–: <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Agyemang" title="Mabel Agyemang">Mabel Maame Agyemang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_safety">Public safety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Public safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Policing is primarily the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Police_Force" title="Royal Turks and Caicos Islands Police Force">Royal Turks and Caicos Islands Police Force</a>. Customs and border enforcement is the responsibility of the Border Force. At times these may be supported by the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Regiment" title="Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment">Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_and_defence">Military and defence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Military and defence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Recentism plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Recentism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/40px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/60px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/80px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>appears to be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recentism" title="Wikipedia:Recentism">slanted towards recent events</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit">add more content</a> related to non-recent events.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The defence of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the responsibility of the United Kingdom. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> has a ship on permanent station in the Caribbean, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Medway_(P223)" title="HMS Medway (P223)">HMS <i>Medway</i></a>, and from time-to-time may send another Royal Navy or <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fleet_Auxiliary" title="Royal Fleet Auxiliary">Royal Fleet Auxiliary</a> ship as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Royal_Navy_deployments" title="Standing Royal Navy deployments">Atlantic Patrol</a> (NORTH) tasking. These ships' main mission in the region is to maintain British sovereignty for the overseas territories, provide humanitarian aid and disaster relief during disasters such as hurricanes, which are common in the area, and to conduct counter-narcotic operations.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the autumn of 2022, the Royal Fleet Auxiliary <a href="/wiki/RFA_Tideforce_(A139)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFA Tideforce (A139)"><i>RFA Tideforce</i></a>, with a <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW159_Wildcat" title="AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat">Wildcat helicopter</a> embarked, was deployed to the islands to provide surveillance support to the Royal Turks and Caicos Islands Police which was confronted with rising gang violence in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Regiment">Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Regiment" title="Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment">Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment</a></div> <p>Governor <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Dakin" title="Nigel Dakin">Nigel Dakin</a> announced in early December 2019 that the Turks and Caicos will build its own defence regiment, the Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment, with the assistance of the UK's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> and it is to be similar to the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Regiment">Royal Bermuda Regiment</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayman Regiment">Cayman Islands Regiment</a>. The Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment, like regiments in Bermuda and the Cayman Islands, will focus on increasing the nation's security, and, for times of natural disasters, the Regiment would be trained in engineering and communications. In mid December 2019, a team from the UK's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> was on Turks and Caicos to start on building the Regiment. It is projected that the Turk and Caicos Regiment will go operational sometime within the third quarter of 2020, putting it nearly half a year after the Cayman Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spring 2020, a Security and Assistance Team from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">United Kingdom Ministry of Defence</a> arrived in Turks and Caicos to assist with the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2020_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2020 Atlantic hurricane season">2020 Atlantic hurricane season</a>, and to help build the new Turks and Caicos Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early June 2020, Lieutenant Colonel Ennis Grant was appointed as the commanding officer of the new Turks and Caicos Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,615</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,522</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1943</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,138</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,668</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">5,558</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,413</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+33.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,465</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+54.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,014</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+74.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2012</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,458</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+57.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Sources:<sup id="cite_ref-StatisticsYearbook2017_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatisticsYearbook2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tcweeklynews-2012_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tcweeklynews-2012-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Eight of the thirty islands in the territory are inhabited, with a total population estimated from preliminary results of the census of 25 January 2012 (released on 12 August 2012) of 31,458 inhabitants, an increase of 58.2% from the population of 19,886 reported in the 2001 census.<sup id="cite_ref-StatisticsYearbook2017_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatisticsYearbook2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> July 2021 estimates put the population at 57,196.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One-third of the population is under 15 years old, and only 4% are 65 or older. In 2000 the population was growing at a rate of 3.55% per year. The infant mortality rate was 18.66 deaths per 1,000 live births and the life expectancy at birth was 73.28 years (71.15 years for males, 75.51 years for females). The total fertility rate was 3.25 children born per woman. The annual population growth rate is 2.82%.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The CIA World Factbook">The CIA World Factbook</a></i> breaks down the islanders' ethnicity as <a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Caribbean">African</a> 87%, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Europe" title="Demographics of Europe">European</a> 7.9%, <a href="/wiki/Multiracial" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial">Mixed</a> 2.5.%, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Caribbean">East Indian</a> 1.3% and Other 0.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a small Dominican and Haitian community on the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Population_by_island">Population by island</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Population by island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Island </th> <th>Capital </th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Population<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Native Taino Name </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr style="background:#CEE0F2;"> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"><b>Caicos Islands</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Caicos" title="South Caicos">South Caicos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Harbour" title="Cockburn Harbour">Cockburn Harbour</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.2</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,013 </td> <td><i>Kasiba</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Caicos" title="West Caicos">West Caicos</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Marina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Marina (page does not exist)">New Marina</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">28</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td><i>Makobisa</i> </td> <td>Resort staff only </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Providenciales" title="Providenciales">Providenciales</a></td> <td>Downtown Providenciales</td> <td style="text-align:right;">122</td> <td style="text-align:right;">33,253 </td> <td><i>Yukanaka</i> <i>Yanikana</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pine_Cay" title="Pine Cay">Pine Cay</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Bay_Village&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Bay Village (page does not exist)">South Bay Village</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.2</td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td> <td><i>Buyana</i> </td> <td>Resort staff only </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parrot_Cay" title="Parrot Cay">Parrot Cay</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parrot_Cay_Village&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parrot Cay Village (page does not exist)">Parrot Cay Village</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5</td> <td style="text-align:right;">90 </td> <td> </td> <td>Half resort staff, half residential </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Caicos" title="North Caicos">North Caicos</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bottle_Creek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bottle Creek (page does not exist)">Bottle Creek</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">116.4</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,066 </td> <td><i>Kaiko</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_Caicos" title="Middle Caicos">Middle Caicos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conch_Bar_Caves" title="Conch Bar Caves">Conch Bar</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">136</td> <td style="text-align:right;">522 </td> <td><i>Aniyana</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ambergris_Cay" title="Ambergris Cay">Ambergris Cays</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ambergris_Cay" title="Ambergris Cay">Big Ambergris Cay</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">50 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Caicos Islands</td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Caicos" title="East Caicos">East Caicos</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">146.5</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><i>Wana</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#CEE0F2;"> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"><b>Turks Islands</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Turk">Grand Turk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Cockburn Town</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.6</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,051 </td> <td><i>Amuana</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Salt_Cay,_Turks_Islands" title="Salt Cay, Turks Islands">Salt Cay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salt_Cay,_Turks_Islands" title="Salt Cay, Turks Islands">Balfour Town</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.1</td> <td style="text-align:right;">315 </td> <td><i>Kanamani</i> <i>Kanomani</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Turks Islands</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Cay" title="Cotton Cay">Cotton Cay</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.4</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><i>Makarike</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#F2E0CE;"> <td><b>Turks and Caicos Islands</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Cockburn Town</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">616.3</td> <td style="text-align:right;">49000<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure_of_the_population">Structure of the population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Structure of the population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#EEBC35;">Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2017):<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="80pt">Age Group </th> <th width="80pt">Male </th> <th width="80pt">Female </th> <th width="80pt">Total </th> <th width="80pt">% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">Total </td> <td align="right">20 296 </td> <td align="right">19 496 </td> <td align="right">39 792 </td> <td align="right">100 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">0–4 </td> <td align="right">1 426 </td> <td align="right">1 398 </td> <td align="right">2 824 </td> <td align="right">7.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5–9 </td> <td align="right">1 270 </td> <td align="right">1 229 </td> <td align="right">2 499 </td> <td align="right">6.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">10–14 </td> <td align="right">1 146 </td> <td align="right">1 157 </td> <td align="right">2 303 </td> <td align="right">5.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">15–19 </td> <td align="right">1 111 </td> <td align="right">1 155 </td> <td align="right">2 266 </td> <td align="right">5.69 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">20–24 </td> <td align="right">1 306 </td> <td align="right">1 365 </td> <td align="right">2 671 </td> <td align="right">6.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">25–29 </td> <td align="right">1 582 </td> <td align="right">1 650 </td> <td align="right">3 232 </td> <td align="right">8.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">30–34 </td> <td align="right">1 889 </td> <td align="right">1 885 </td> <td align="right">3 774 </td> <td align="right">9.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">35–39 </td> <td align="right">2 248 </td> <td align="right">2 140 </td> <td align="right">4 388 </td> <td align="right">11.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">40–44 </td> <td align="right">2 162 </td> <td align="right">2 010 </td> <td align="right">4 172 </td> <td align="right">10.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">45–49 </td> <td align="right">1 948 </td> <td align="right">1 770 </td> <td align="right">3 718 </td> <td align="right">9.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">50–54 </td> <td align="right">1 553 </td> <td align="right">1 396 </td> <td align="right">2 949 </td> <td align="right">7.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">55–59 </td> <td align="right">1 050 </td> <td align="right">933 </td> <td align="right">1 983 </td> <td align="right">4.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">60–64 </td> <td align="right">730 </td> <td align="right">636 </td> <td align="right">1 366 </td> <td align="right">3.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">65-69 </td> <td align="right">445 </td> <td align="right">375 </td> <td align="right">820 </td> <td align="right">2.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">70-74 </td> <td align="right">258 </td> <td align="right">213 </td> <td align="right">471 </td> <td align="right">1.18 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">75-79 </td> <td align="right">112 </td> <td align="right">94 </td> <td align="right">206 </td> <td align="right">0.52 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">80+ </td> <td align="right">60 </td> <td align="right">90 </td> <td align="right">150 </td> <td align="right">0.38 </td></tr> <tr> <th width="50">Age group </th> <th width="80pt">Male </th> <th width="80">Female </th> <th width="80">Total </th> <th width="50">Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">0–14 </td> <td align="right">3 842 </td> <td align="right">3 784 </td> <td align="right">7 626 </td> <td align="right">19.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">15–64 </td> <td align="right">15 579 </td> <td align="right">14 940 </td> <td align="right">30 519 </td> <td align="right">76.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">65+ </td> <td align="right">875 </td> <td align="right">772 </td> <td align="right">1 647 </td> <td align="right">4.14 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official language of the islands is English, but the population also speaks <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks and Caicos Islands Creole">Turks and Caicos Islands Creole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EthnologueCreole_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EthnologueCreole-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its proximity to Cuba and Hispaniola, large <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a> and Spanish-speaking communities have developed in the territory due to immigration, both legal and illegal, from Haitian Creole-speaking Haiti and from Spanish-speaking Cuba and Dominican Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-EthnologueTCI_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EthnologueTCI-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Turk_-_Cockburn_Town,_St._Mary%27s_Cathedral_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Grand_Turk_-_Cockburn_Town%2C_St._Mary%27s_Cathedral_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Grand_Turk_-_Cockburn_Town%2C_St._Mary%27s_Cathedral_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Grand_Turk_-_Cockburn_Town%2C_St._Mary%27s_Cathedral_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Grand_Turk_-_Cockburn_Town%2C_St._Mary%27s_Cathedral_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Grand_Turk_-_Cockburn_Town%2C_St._Mary%27s_Cathedral_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Grand_Turk_-_Cockburn_Town%2C_St._Mary%27s_Cathedral_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>St. Mary's Cathedral, Grand Turk</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Religion in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Religion in the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></div> <p>86% of the population of Turks and Caicos are <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a> 35.8%, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Cleveland,_Tennessee)" title="Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)">Church of God</a> 11.7%, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a> 11.4%, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_The_Bahamas_and_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands">Anglicans</a> 10%, <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodists</a> 9.3%, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventists</a> 6%, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> 1.8%), with other faiths making up the remaining 14%.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catholics are served by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Mission_Sui_Iuris_of_Turks_and_Caicos" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Mission Sui Iuris of Turks and Caicos">Mission <i>Sui Iuris</i> for Turks and Caicos</a>, which was erected in 1984 with territory taken from the then <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Nassau" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nassau">Diocese of Nassau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Music of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Music of the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turks_%26_Caicos_National_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Turks_%26_Caicos_National_Museum.jpg/220px-Turks_%26_Caicos_National_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Turks_%26_Caicos_National_Museum.jpg/330px-Turks_%26_Caicos_National_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Turks_%26_Caicos_National_Museum.jpg/440px-Turks_%26_Caicos_National_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2907" data-file-height="2180" /></a><figcaption>The Turks and Caicos National Museum on Grand Turk</figcaption></figure> <p>The Turks and Caicos Islands are perhaps best known musically for <a href="/wiki/Ripsaw_music" title="Ripsaw music">ripsaw music</a>, a genre which originated on the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-RellieHayne2008_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RellieHayne2008-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 34">: 34 </span></sup> The Turks and Caicos Islands are known for their annual Music and Cultural Festival showcasing many local talents and other dynamic performances by many music celebrities from around the Caribbean and United States. </p><p>Women continue traditional crafts of using a straw to make baskets and hats on the larger Caicos islands. It is possible that this continued tradition is related to the liberated Africans who joined the population directly from Africa in the 1830s and 1841 from shipwrecked slavers; they brought cultural craft skills with them.<sup id="cite_ref-sadler_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadler-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 216">: 216 </span></sup> </p><p>The island's most popular sports are fishing, sailing, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> (soccer) and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> (which is the national sport).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="Not an independent sources (October 2024)">third-party source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Turks and Caicos cuisine is based primarily around seafood, especially <a href="/wiki/Conch" title="Conch">conch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two common local dishes are <a href="/wiki/Conch_fritter" title="Conch fritter">conch fritters</a> and conch salad.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citizenship">Citizenship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen#Access_to_British_citizenship" title="British Overseas Territories citizen">British Overseas Territories citizen § Access to British citizenship</a></div> <p>Because the Turks and Caicos is a <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a> and not an independent country, its nationality laws are partly determined by <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British nationality law</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_British_nationality_law" title="History of British nationality law">its history</a>. People with close ties to Britain's Overseas Territories all hold the same nationality: <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen" title="British Overseas Territories citizen">British Overseas Territories citizenship</a> (BOTC), originally defined by the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a> as British Dependent Territories citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 213–214">: 213–214 </span></sup> BOTC, however, does not confer any right to live in any British Overseas Territory, including the territory from which it is derived. Instead, the rights normally associated with citizenship derive from what is called <a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">Belonger status</a> and island natives or those descended from natives are said to be <a href="/wiki/Belonger_status#Belonger_status_in_Turks_and_Caicos" title="Belonger status">Belongers</a>. The Turks and Caicos government amended its immigration law in 2021 in that regard, making the granting of Belonger Status exclusive to "being married for ten years to a Belonger (other than a Belonger by marriage), or by being the dependent child of someone who becomes a Belonger by marriage."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also made possible "for someone who has invested $500,000 or more in Providenciales or West Caicos, or $250,000 or more in Grand Turk or the family Islands, to obtain a residence permit for up to ten years."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="British Overseas Territories Act">British Overseas Territories Act</a> restored full British citizenship status to all citizens of British Overseas Territories, including the Turks and Caicos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ministry of Education, Youth, Sports and Library Services oversees education in Turks and Caicos. Public education is supported by taxation and is mandatory for children aged five to sixteen. Primary education lasts for six years and secondary education lasts for five years.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1990s the Primary In-Service Teacher Education Project (PINSTEP) was launched in an effort to increase the skills of its primary school teachers, nearly one-quarter of whom were unqualified.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Turks and Caicos also worked to refurbish its primary schools, reduce textbook costs, and increase equipment and supplies given to schools. For example, in September 1993, each primary school was given enough books to allow teachers to establish in-class libraries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2001, the student-teacher ratio at the primary level was roughly 15:1.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Public secondary schools include:<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HJ_Robinson_High_School" title="HJ Robinson High School">HJ Robinson High School</a> (Grand Turk)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Howell_High_School" title="Clement Howell High School">Clement Howell High School</a> (Providenciales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Bay_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Bay High School">Long Bay High School</a> (Providenciales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gardiner_High_School" title="Raymond Gardiner High School">Raymond Gardiner High School</a> (North Caicos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Basden_High_School" title="Marjorie Basden High School">Marjorie Basden High School</a> (South Caicos)</li></ul> <p>International School of the Turks and Caicos Islands, a private school which serves preschool through grade six, is in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeward,_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leeward, Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Leeward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Providenciales" title="Providenciales">Providenciales</a>. In 2014 it had 106 students. It was known as The Ashcroft School until 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Community_College" title="Turks and Caicos Islands Community College">Turks and Caicos Islands Community College</a> offers free higher education to students who have successfully completed their secondary education. The community college also oversees an adult literacy program. Once a student completes their education at Turks and Caicos Islands Community College, they are allowed to further their education at a university in the United States, Canada, or the United Kingdom for free. They have to commit to working in the Turks and Caicos Islands for four years to receive this additional education. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charisma_University" title="Charisma University">Charisma University</a> is a non-profit private university recognised by the Turks and Caicos Islands Ministry of Education, Youth, Sports and Library Services<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that offers accredited undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate degree programmes, along with certificate programs in various disciplines taught by over 100 faculty members. </p><p>The public <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_Indies_Open_Campus" title="University of the West Indies Open Campus">University of the West Indies Open Campus</a> has one site in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Turks and Caicos established a National Health Insurance Plan in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 231">: 231 </span></sup> Residents contribute to a National Health Insurance Plan through salary deduction and nominal user fees. The majority of care is provided by private-public-partnership hospitals managed by <a href="/wiki/Interhealth_Canada" title="Interhealth Canada">Interhealth Canada</a>, one hospital in Providenciales and one hospital on Grand Turk. In addition, there are a number of government clinics and private clinics. The hospitals opened in 2010 and have been accredited by Accreditation Canada since 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TC-grand-turk-cruiseterminal-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/TC-grand-turk-cruiseterminal-2.jpg/220px-TC-grand-turk-cruiseterminal-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/TC-grand-turk-cruiseterminal-2.jpg/330px-TC-grand-turk-cruiseterminal-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/TC-grand-turk-cruiseterminal-2.jpg/440px-TC-grand-turk-cruiseterminal-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Cruise terminal at <a href="/wiki/Grand_Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Turk">Grand Turk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of Turks and Caicos is dominated by tourism, offshore finance and fishing.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US dollar is the main currency used on the islands. </p><p>Historically, the salt industry, along with small <a href="/wiki/Sea_sponge" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea sponge">sponge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a> exports, sustained the Turks and Caicos Islands (only barely, however; there was little population growth and the economy stagnated). The economy grew in the 1960s, when American investors arrived on the islands and funded the construction of an airstrip on Providenciales and built the archipelago's first hotel, "The Third Turtle".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small trickle of tourists began to arrive, supplementing the salt-based economy. <a href="/wiki/Club_Med" title="Club Med">Club Med</a> set up a resort at Grace Bay soon after.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the 1980s, Club Med funded an upgrading of the airstrip to allow for larger aircraft, and since then, tourism has been gradually on the increase.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, GDP contributions were as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-quickstat1_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstat1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hotels & Restaurants 34.67%, <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">Financial Services</a> 13.12%, Construction 7.83%, Transport, Storage & Communication 9.90%, and Real Estate, Renting & Business Activities 9.56%.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2009)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010/2011, major sources of government revenue included Import Duties (43.31%), Stamp Duty on Land Transaction (8.82%), Work Permits and Residency Fees (10.03%) and Accommodation Tax (24.95%). The territory's gross domestic product as of late 2009 is approximately US$795 million (per capita $24,273).<sup id="cite_ref-quickstat1_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstat1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The labour force totalled 27,595 workers in 2008<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. The labour force distribution in 2006 is as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border:1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Skill level</th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td>Unskilled/Manual</td> <td>53% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Semi-skilled</td> <td>12% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Skilled</td> <td>20% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Professional</td> <td>15% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The unemployment rate in 2008 was 8.3%. In 2007–2008, the territory took in revenues of $206.79 million against expenditures of $235.85 million. In 1995, the island received economic aid worth $5.7 million. The territory's currency is the United States dollar, with a few government fines (such as airport infractions) being payable in pounds sterling. Most commemorative coin issues are denominated in crowns.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary agricultural products include limited amounts of maize, beans, <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tapioca" title="Tapioca">tapioca</a>) and citrus fruits. Fish and conch are the only significant export, with some $169.2 million of lobster, dried and fresh <a href="/wiki/Conch" title="Conch">conch</a>, and conch shells exported in 2000, primarily to the United Kingdom and the United States. In recent years, however, the catch has been declining. The territory used to be an important trans-shipment point for South American narcotics destined for the United States, but due to the ongoing pressure of a combined American, Bahamian and Turks and Caicos effort this trade has been greatly reduced.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The islands import food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufacture and construction materials, primarily from the United States and the United Kingdom. Imports totalled $581 million in 2007. </p><p>The islands produce and consume 236.5 GWh of electricity, per year, all of which comes from fossil fuels.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Tourism in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Tourism in the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></div> <p>Tourism is one of the largest sources of income for the islands, with most visitors coming from America via ship.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourist arrivals had risen to 264,887 in 2007 and to 351,498 by 2009. In 2010, a total of 245 cruise ships arrived at the Grand Turk Cruise Terminal, carrying a total of 617,863 visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_sunset.jpg/220px-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_sunset.jpg/330px-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_sunset.jpg/440px-Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A Turks and Caicos sunset</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Turk_beach.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grand_Turk_beach.JPG/220px-Grand_Turk_beach.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grand_Turk_beach.JPG/330px-Grand_Turk_beach.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grand_Turk_beach.JPG/440px-Grand_Turk_beach.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>View of the southwestern beach at <a href="/wiki/Grand_Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Turk">Grand Turk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The government is pursuing a two-pronged strategy to increase tourism. Upmarket resorts are aimed at the wealthy, while a large new cruise-ship port and recreation centre has been built for the masses visiting Grand Turk. Turks and Caicos Islands has one of the longest coral reefs in the world<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the world's only <a href="/wiki/Conch" title="Conch">conch</a> farm.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French vacation village company of Club Méditerannée (<a href="/wiki/Club_Med" title="Club Med">Club Med</a>) has an all-inclusive adult resort called 'Turkoise' on <a href="/wiki/Providenciales" title="Providenciales">Providenciales</a>. </p><p>The islands have become popular with various celebrities. Several Hollywood stars have owned homes in the Turks and Caicos, including <a href="/wiki/Dick_Clark" title="Dick Clark">Dick Clark</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Willis" title="Bruce Willis">Bruce Willis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Garner" title="Jennifer Garner">Jennifer Garner</a> married on <a href="/wiki/Parrot_Cay" title="Parrot Cay">Parrot Cay</a> in 2005. Actress <a href="/wiki/Eva_Longoria" title="Eva Longoria">Eva Longoria</a> and her ex-husband <a href="/wiki/Tony_Parker" title="Tony Parker">Tony Parker</a> went to the islands for their honeymoon in July 2007. Musician <a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a> has a vacation home on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To boost tourism during the Caribbean low season of late summer, since 2003 the Turks and Caicos Tourist Board have organised and hosted an annual series of concerts during this season called the Turks & Caicos Music and Cultural Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Held in a temporary <a href="/wiki/Shell_(theater)" title="Shell (theater)">bandshell</a> at The Turtle Cove Marina in <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Bight (page does not exist)">The Bight</a> on <a href="/wiki/Providenciales" title="Providenciales">Providenciales</a>, this festival lasts about a week and has featured several notable international recording artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a>, <a href="/wiki/LL_Cool_J" title="LL Cool J">LL Cool J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anita_Baker" title="Anita Baker">Anita Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Ocean" title="Billy Ocean">Billy Ocean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Rogers" title="Kenny Rogers">Kenny Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bolton" title="Michael Bolton">Michael Bolton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludacris" title="Ludacris">Ludacris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaka_Khan" title="Chaka Khan">Chaka Khan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boyz_II_Men" title="Boyz II Men">Boyz II Men</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-musicfestival.tc_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musicfestival.tc-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 10,000 people attend annually.<sup id="cite_ref-musicfestival.tc_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musicfestival.tc-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024 several American tourists were arrested for being in possession of small arms ammunition, each facing 12 year mandatory prison terms.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Resorts</dt></dl> <ul><li>Grace Bay Club<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Somerset_on_Grace_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Somerset on Grace Bay (page does not exist)">The Somerset on Grace Bay</a><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_Resorts" title="Beaches Resorts">Beaches Resorts</a> – Turks & Caicos<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Seven Stars Resort<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Alexandra Resort<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>West Bay Club<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime">Crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>, the Turks and Caicos Islands had the highest intentional homicide rate of any country or dependent territory, at 76.5 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-UNODC-by-country_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNODC-by-country-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNODC_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNODC-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNODC-graph_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNODC-graph-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Providenciales_International_Airport" title="Providenciales International Airport">Providenciales International Airport</a> is the main entry point for the Turks and Caicos Islands, with <a href="/wiki/JAGS_McCartney_International_Airport" title="JAGS McCartney International Airport">JAGS McCartney International Airport</a> serving the capital Cockburn Town on Grand Turk. Altogether, there are <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="List of airports in the Turks and Caicos Islands">seven airports</a>, located on each of the inhabited islands. Five have paved runways (three of which are approximately 2,000 m (6,600 ft) long and one is approximately 1,000 m (3,300 ft) long), and the remaining two have unpaved runways (one of which is approximately 1,000 m (3,300 ft) long and the other is significantly shorter).<sup id="cite_ref-airporttech_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-airporttech-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. domain on WP:BLACKLIST (June 2016)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The islands have 121 kilometres (75 miles) of highway, 24 km (15 mi) paved and 97 km (60 mi) unpaved. Like the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a>, the Turks and Caicos Islands <a href="/wiki/Drive_on_the_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive on the left">drive on the left</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territory's main international ports and harbours are on <a href="/wiki/Grand_Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Turk">Grand Turk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Providenciales" title="Providenciales">Providenciales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frommers_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frommers-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands have no significant railways. In the early twentieth century <a href="/wiki/East_Caicos" title="East Caicos">East Caicos</a> operated a horse-drawn railway to transport <a href="/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">sisal</a> from the plantation to the port. The 14-kilometre (8.7-mile) route was removed after sisal trading ceased.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spaceflight">Spaceflight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Spaceflight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Turk,_Replica_of_Friendship_7_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Grand_Turk%2C_Replica_of_Friendship_7_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Grand_Turk%2C_Replica_of_Friendship_7_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Grand_Turk%2C_Replica_of_Friendship_7_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Grand_Turk%2C_Replica_of_Friendship_7_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Grand_Turk%2C_Replica_of_Friendship_7_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Grand_Turk%2C_Replica_of_Friendship_7_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Replica of <a href="/wiki/Friendship_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Friendship 7">Friendship 7</a> at <a href="/wiki/JAGS_McCartney_International_Airport" title="JAGS McCartney International Airport">Grand Turk Airport</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>From 1950 to 1981, the United States had a missile tracking station on Grand Turk. In the early days of the American space program, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> used it. After his three earth orbits in 1962, American astronaut <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a> successfully landed in the nearby ocean and was brought back ashore to Grand Turk.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postal_system">Postal system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Postal system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no postal delivery in the Turks and Caicos; mail is picked up at one of four post offices on each of the major islands.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mail is transported three or seven times a week, depending on the destination.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Post Office is part of the territory's government and reports to the Minister of Government British support services<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></div> <p>Mobile phone service is provided by <a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Communications" title="Cable & Wireless Communications">Cable & Wireless Communications</a>, through its <a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">Flow</a> brand, using <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> 850 and <a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">TDMA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a>, using GSM 900 and 1900 and Islandcom Wireless, using 3G 850. Cable & Wireless provides CDMA mobile phone service in Providenciales and Grand Turk. The system is connected to the mainland by two submarine cables and an <a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a> <a href="/wiki/Earth_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth station">earth station</a>. There were three AM radio stations (one inactive) and six FM stations (no shortwave) in 1998. The most popular station is Power 92.5 FM which plays Top 100 hits. Over 8000 radio receivers are owned across the territory. </p><p>West Indies Video (WIV) has been the sole cable television provider for the Turks and Caicos Islands for over two decades <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2024)">as of?</span></a></i>]</sup> and WIV4 (a subsidiary of WIV) has been the only broadcast station in the islands for over 15 years <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2024)">as of?</span></a></i>]</sup>; broadcasts from the Bahamas can also be received. The territory has two <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_providers" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet service providers">internet service providers</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Country_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="Country codes">country code</a> top-level domain (ccTLD) is ".tc". <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">Amateur radio</a> <a href="/wiki/Callsign" class="mw-redirect" title="Callsign">callsigns</a> begin with "VP5" and visiting operators frequently work from the islands. </p><p>Turks and Caicos is served by the <a href="/wiki/ARCOS-1" title="ARCOS-1">ARCOS-1</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> submarine cable, connecting the territory to the Dominican Republic to the south, to the Bahamas to the north and onto the USA and countries in Central America. </p><p>WIV introduced Channel 4 News in 2002 broadcasting local news and infotainment programs across the country. Channel 4 was re-launched as WIV4 in November 2007. </p><p>In 2013 4NEWS became the islands' first <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition</a> cable news service with television studios in Grace Bay, Providenciales. DigicelPlay is the local cable provider. </p><p>Turks and Caicos's newspapers include the <i><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Weekly_News" title="Turks and Caicos Weekly News">Turks and Caicos Weekly News</a></i>, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Sun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turks and Caicos Sun (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Sun</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i>Turks and Caicos Free Press</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All three publications are weekly. The <i>Weekly News</i> and the <i>Sun</i> both have supplement magazines. Other local magazines <i>Times of the Islands</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>s3 Magazine</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Real Life Magazine</i>, <i>Baller Magazine</i>, and <i>Unleashed Magazine</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> is the islands' national sport.<sup id="cite_ref-ICC_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks and Caicos Islands cricket team">national team</a> takes part in regional tournaments in the <a href="/wiki/ICC_Americas_Championship" title="ICC Americas Championship">ICC Americas Championship</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as having played one <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Twenty20</a> match as part of the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_20/20#2008_tournament" title="Stanford 20/20">2008 Standford 20/20</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two domestic leagues exist, one on Grand Turk with three teams and another on Providenciales.<sup id="cite_ref-ICC_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICC-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of December 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_national_football_team" title="Turks and Caicos Islands national football team">Turks and Caicos Islands' football team</a> is ranked 203rd out of 210 teams in the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="FIFA World Rankings">FIFA World Rankings</a>. Its highest ever ranking was 158th, achieved in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because the territory is not recognised by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a>, Turks and Caicos Islanders compete for <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics_2">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Francis_(Turks_and_Caicos_Islander_politician)" title="Nathaniel Francis (Turks and Caicos Islander politician)">Nathaniel Francis</a> (1912 – 2004 both in the Turks and Caicos Islands) was a politician who served as the island territory's acting Chief Minister from 28 March 1985 until 25 July 1986, when he was forced to resign after charges of corruption and patronage were levelled against him</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Howell" title="Clement Howell">Clement Howell</a> (1935 in Blue Hills, Providenciales – 1987 near Nassau, Bahamas) was a politician who served on a four-member interim Advisory Council beginning in July 1986</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_George_Smith_McCartney" title="James Alexander George Smith McCartney">James Alexander George Smith McCartney</a> (1945 in Grand Turk – 1980 in New Jersey) also known as "Jags" McCartney was a politician who served as the island territory's first Chief Minister from August 1976 until 9 May 1980, when he died in a plane crash over New Jersey.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Misick" title="Ariel Misick">Ariel Misick</a> (born 1951) is a former minister of development and commerce. He served on a four-member interim Advisory Council from July 1986 to 3 March 1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Misick" title="Michael Misick">Michael Misick</a> (born 1966 in Bottle Creek, North Caicos) is the former chief minister from 15 August 2003 to 9 August 2006 and was the first Premier from 9 August 2006 to 23 March 2009. He is on trial for conspiracy to receive bribes, conspiracy to defraud the government and money laundering.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Misick" title="Washington Misick">Washington Misick</a> (born 1950 in the Turks and Caicos Islands) is a politician who serves as the current Premier and formerly as the Chief Minister from April 1991 to 31 January 1995.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Saunders_(politician)" title="Norman Saunders (politician)">Norman B. Saunders</a> (born 1943 in the Turks and Caicos Islands) is a former politician who served as the island territory's Chief Minister until March 1985, when he was arrested in Miami. In July 1985 he was sentenced to eight years in prison on conspiracy charges related to drug smuggling.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Skippings" title="Oswald Skippings">Oswald Skippings</a> (born 1953 in the Turks and Caicos Islands) is a politician who served as the island territory's Chief Minister from 19 June 1980 to November 1980 and again from 3 March 1988 to April 1991.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_2">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Ariza" title="Trevor Ariza">Trevor Ariza</a> (born 1985 in Miami) is an American professional basketball player. He is of Turks & Caicos Islands and Dominican descent through his parents, Lolita Ariza and Trevor Saunders of Grand Turk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Bryan" title="Christopher Bryan">Christopher Bryan</a> (born 1960 in the Turks and Caicos Islands) is a former association football player. In 2006 he became the President of the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Football_Association" title="Turks and Caicos Islands Football Association">Turks and Caicos Islands Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errion_Charles" title="Errion Charles">Errion Charles</a> (born 1965 in Saint Vincent) is a sportsman from the Turks and Caicos Islands who has represented his nation at both association football and cricket</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Forbes_(footballer,_born_1990)" title="Billy Forbes (footballer, born 1990)">Billy Forbes</a> (born 1990 in Providenciales) is an association football player who currently plays for <a href="/wiki/Valour_FC" title="Valour FC">Valour FC</a>. He holds the record for the most goals for the national team.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Glinton" title="Gavin Glinton">Gavin Glinton</a> (born 1979 in Grand Turk) is a footballer who last played for <a href="/wiki/Nam_Dinh_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Nam Dinh FC">Nam Dinh FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delano_Williams" title="Delano Williams">Delano Williams</a> (born 1993 in Grand Turk) is a British sprinter. He trains with the <a href="/wiki/Racers_Track_Club" title="Racers Track Club">Racers Track Club</a> in Jamaica</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celebrities">Celebrities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Celebrities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LisaRaye_McCoy" title="LisaRaye McCoy">LisaRaye McCoy</a> (born 1967 in Chicago Illinois) is an American actress and former first lady of the Turks and Caicos Islands. McCoy married former chief turned premiere Michael Misick back in April 2006. In 2008 LisaRaye released a statement that she and the premiere were divorcing citing his corruption of governmental funds, infidelity and bribery. The divorce was finalized in 2010. She is also the half-sister of hip-hop rapper <a href="/wiki/Da_Brat" title="Da Brat">Da Brat</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/32px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/48px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Turks and Caicos Islands–related articles">Index of Turks and Caicos Islands–related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Outline of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Outline of the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-area-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-area_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-area_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternative sources give different figures for the area of the Islands. <i>The CIA World Factbook</i> gives 430 km<sup>2</sup> (170 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the European Union says 417 km<sup>2</sup> (161 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> says, "Area at high tide, 238 square miles (616 square km); at low tide, 366 square miles (948 square km)".<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report by the Turks and Caicos Islands Department of Economic Planning and Statistics gives the same numbers as the <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> though its definitions are less clear.<sup id="cite_ref-depstc.org_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-depstc.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Area and population data retrieved from the 2012 census.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalanthems.info/tc.htm">"Turks and Caicos Islands"</a>. <i>nationalanthems.info</i>. May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317122951/http://www.nationalanthems.info/tc.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalanthems.info&rft.atitle=Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.date=2013-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalanthems.info%2Ftc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UKOverseasTerritories-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UKOverseasTerritories_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UKOverseasTerritories_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/946074/UKOTs_Information_Paper.pdf">"United Kingdom Overseas Territories - Toponymic Information"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511152307/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/946074/UKOTs_Information_Paper.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Kingdom+Overseas+Territories+-+Toponymic+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F946074%2FUKOTs_Information_Paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.tc/stats/">"Statistics Department | Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands"</a>. <i>www.gov.tc</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227182013/https://www.gov.tc/stats/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.tc&rft.atitle=Statistics+Department+%26%23124%3B+Government+of+the+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.tc%2Fstats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StatisticsYearbook2017-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StatisticsYearbook2017_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StatisticsYearbook2017_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StatisticsYearbook2017_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.tc/stats/latest/publications">"Year Book of Statistics 2001–2017"</a>. Department of Statistics. <i>www.gov.tc</i>. Turks & Caicos Islands Government. 2018. p. 140. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306041029/https://www.gov.tc/stats/latest/publications">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft.au=Bounds%2C+John+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F610193%2FTurks-and-Caicos-Islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visittci.com/nature-and-history/history/population">"Population of the Turks and Caicos"</a>. <i>Visit Turks and Caicos Islands</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. <a href="/wiki/Minority_Rights_Group_International" title="Minority Rights Group International">Minority Rights Group International</a>. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180210225827/https://www.refworld.org/docid/4954ce0f28.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2018 – via Refworld.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.series=World+Directory+of+Minorities+and+Indigenous+Peoples&rft.pub=Minority+Rights+Group+International&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F4954ce0f28.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymology-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turksandcaicostourism.com/about-turks-and-caicos/">"About Turks and Caicos"</a>. <i>Turks and Caicos Islands</i>. 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Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780817351236" title="Special:BookSources/9780817351236"><bdi>9780817351236</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+of+the+Pre-Columbian+Antilles&rft.place=Tuscaloosa&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780817351236&rft.aulast=Granberry&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.au=Vescelius%2C+Gary+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdAD_O9tQJqkC%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGranberryVescelius2004" class="citation book cs1">Granberry, Julian; Vescelius, Gary S. (2004). <i>Languages of the Pre-Columbian Antilles</i>. The University of Alabama Press. pp. 80–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8173-5123-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8173-5123-X"><bdi>0-8173-5123-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+of+the+Pre-Columbian+Antilles&rft.pages=80-86&rft.pub=The+University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8173-5123-X&rft.aulast=Granberry&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.au=Vescelius%2C+Gary+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2014" class="citation thesis cs1">Stone, Erin Woodruff (May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1803/10737"><i>Indian Harvest: The Rise of the Indigenous Slave Trade and Diaspora from Española to the Circum-Caribbean, 1492-1542</i></a> (PhD). Vanderbilt University. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1803%2F10737">1803/10737</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/873593348">873593348</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115081544/https://ir.vanderbilt.edu/handle/1803/10737">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Indian+Harvest%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Indigenous+Slave+Trade+and+Diaspora+from+Espa%C3%B1ola+to+the+Circum-Caribbean%2C+1492-1542&rft.inst=Vanderbilt+University&rft.date=2014-05&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1803%2F10737&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F873593348&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Erin+Woodruff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F1803%2F10737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSauer1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_O._Sauer" title="Carl O. Sauer">Sauer, Carl Ortwin</a> (1966). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlyspanishmain00saue_0"><i>The Early Spanish Main</i></a></span>. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/66015004">66015004</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/485687">485687</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span> – via the Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Spanish+Main&rft.place=Berkeley+%26+Los+Angeles&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F485687&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F66015004&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=Carl+Ortwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlyspanishmain00saue_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbury1975" class="citation book cs1">Albury, Paul (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofbahamas0000albu"><i>The Story of the Bahamas</i></a></span>. Macmillan Caribbean. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333171318" title="Special:BookSources/9780333171318"><bdi>9780333171318</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span> – via the Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Bahamas&rft.pub=Macmillan+Caribbean&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780333171318&rft.aulast=Albury&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofbahamas0000albu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraton1986" class="citation book cs1">Craton, Michael (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbahamas0000crat"><i>A History of the Bahamas</i></a></span> (3rd ed.). Waterloo, ON: San Salvador Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780969256809" title="Special:BookSources/9780969256809"><bdi>9780969256809</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span> – via the Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Bahamas&rft.place=Waterloo%2C+ON&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=San+Salvador+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780969256809&rft.aulast=Craton&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofbahamas0000crat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William F. Keegan (1992). <i>The People Who Discovered Columbus: The Prehistory of the Bahamas</i>. University Press of Florida. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8130-1137-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8130-1137-X">0-8130-1137-X</a> pp. 25, 48–62, 86, 170–173, 212–213, 220–223</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tcmuseum.org-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tcmuseum.org_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tcmuseum.org_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tcmuseum.org_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcmuseum.org/culture-history/turks-caicos-timeline/">"Turks & Caicos History Timeline"</a>. Turks and Caicos Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211211056/https://www.tcmuseum.org/culture-history/turks-caicos-timeline/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turks+%26+Caicos+History+Timeline&rft.pub=Turks+and+Caicos+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcmuseum.org%2Fculture-history%2Fturks-caicos-timeline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sadler-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sadler_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sadler_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sadler_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sadler_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sadler_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadler2008" class="citation book cs1">Sadler, Nigel (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RZna-xKapDIC&pg=PA209">"The Sinking of the Slave Ship <i>Trouvadore</i>: Linking the Past to the Present"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Leshikar-Denton" title="Margaret Leshikar-Denton">Leshikar-Denton, Margaret E.</a>; Erreguerena, Pilar Luna (eds.). <i>Underwater and Maritime Archaeology in Latin America and the Caribbean</i>. One World Archaeology. Vol. 56. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press. pp. 209–220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598742626" title="Special:BookSources/9781598742626"><bdi>9781598742626</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sinking+of+the+Slave+Ship+Trouvadore%3A+Linking+the+Past+to+the+Present&rft.btitle=Underwater+and+Maritime+Archaeology+in+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean&rft.place=Walnut+Creek%2C+CA&rft.series=One+World+Archaeology&rft.pages=209-220&rft.pub=Left+Coast+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781598742626&rft.aulast=Sadler&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRZna-xKapDIC%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sutton-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sutton_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sutton_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2008" class="citation news cs1">Sutton, Jane (25 November 2008). Trott, Bill (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shipwreck-slaves-idUSTRE4AP0OH20081126">"Shipwreck may hold key to Turks and Caicos' lineage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016043117/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/11/26/us-shipwreck-slaves-idUSTRE4AP0OH20081126">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shipwreck+may+hold+key+to+Turks+and+Caicos%27+lineage&rft.date=2008-11-25&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-shipwreck-slaves-idUSTRE4AP0OH20081126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmid2008" class="citation news cs1">Schmid, Randolph E. (26 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegram.com/story/news/local/north/2008/11/27/researchers-find-wreck-slave-ship/52182486007/">"Researchers find wreck of slave ship"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Telegram_%26_Gazette" title="Telegram & Gazette">Telegram & Gazette</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304213412/http://www.telegram.com/story/news/local/north/2008/11/27/researchers-find-wreck-slave-ship/52182486007/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegram+%26+Gazette&rft.atitle=Researchers+find+wreck+of+slave+ship&rft.date=2008-11-26&rft.aulast=Schmid&rft.aufirst=Randolph+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegram.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnorth%2F2008%2F11%2F27%2Fresearchers-find-wreck-slave-ship%2F52182486007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKersell1988" class="citation journal cs1">Kersell, John E. (1988). "Government administration in a very small microstate: Developing the Turks and Caicos Islands". <i>Public Administration and Development</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 169–181. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpad.4230080206">10.1002/pad.4230080206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Administration+and+Development&rft.atitle=Government+administration+in+a+very+small+microstate%3A+Developing+the+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=169-181&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fpad.4230080206&rft.aulast=Kersell&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hall-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hall_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1974" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Glen (16 February 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19740216&id=TnowAAAAIBAJ&pg=2784,17405&hl=en">"Carpet-baggers ready to pull the rug on paradise; An island in search of a place in the sun"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">The Gazette</a></i>. pp. 1 & 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308211610/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19740216&id=TnowAAAAIBAJ&pg=2784,17405&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span> – via Google News Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Carpet-baggers+ready+to+pull+the+rug+on+paradise%3B+An+island+in+search+of+a+place+in+the+sun&rft.pages=1+%26+3&rft.date=1974-02-16&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1946%26dat%3D19740216%26id%3DTnowAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2784%2C17405%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffith-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Griffith_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffith1997" class="citation news cs1">Griffith, Ivelaw L. (Spring 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr/vol15/iss3/3/">"Illicit Arms Trafficking, Corruption, and Governance in the Caribbean"</a>. <i>Dickinson Journal of International Law</i>. Vol. 15, no. 3. pp. 487–508. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306041033/https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr/vol15/iss3/3/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dickinson+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Illicit+Arms+Trafficking%2C+Corruption%2C+and+Governance+in+the+Caribbean&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=487-508&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Ivelaw+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.law.psu.edu%2Fpsilr%2Fvol15%2Fiss3%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010195234/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=News&id=20700728">"A major step in clean up of public life in Turks and Caicos"</a>. 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Ethnologue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306041026/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/TC">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FTC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.tc/history.html">"History"</a>. Roman Catholic Mission Sui Iuris of Turks and Caicos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812142511/https://www.catholic.tc/history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Roman+Catholic+Mission+Sui+Iuris+of+Turks+and+Caicos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.tc%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RellieHayne2008-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RellieHayne2008_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRellieHayne2008" class="citation book cs1">Rellie, Annalisa; Hayne, Tricia (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EkeY2SlUEkwC&pg=PA34"><i>Turks & Caicos Islands: The Bradt Travel Guide</i></a>. Chalfont St Peter, England: Bradt Travel Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-268-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-268-2"><bdi>978-1-84162-268-2</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turks+%26+Caicos+Islands%3A+The+Bradt+Travel+Guide&rft.place=Chalfont+St+Peter%2C+England&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-268-2&rft.aulast=Rellie&rft.aufirst=Annalisa&rft.au=Hayne%2C+Tricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEkeY2SlUEkwC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFicc" class="citation web cs1">icc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/associate/turks-and-caicos-islands">"Turks and Caicos Islands"</a>. <i>www.icc-cricket.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.icc-cricket.com&rft.atitle=Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.au=icc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cricket.com%2Fabout%2Fmembers%2Fassociate%2Fturks-and-caicos-islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesandstc.com/blog/the-food-and-cuisine-of-turks-and-caicos/">"The Food and Cuisine of Turks and Caicos"</a>. <i>Thesandstc.com</i>. 2 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613020840/http://www.thesandstc.com/blog/the-food-and-cuisine-of-turks-and-caicos/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thesandstc.com&rft.atitle=The+Food+and+Cuisine+of+Turks+and+Caicos&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesandstc.com%2Fblog%2Fthe-food-and-cuisine-of-turks-and-caicos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visittci.com/restaurants-and-dining/cuisine">"Turks and Caicos Food and Cuisine"</a>. 11 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213161533/https://www.visittci.com/restaurants-and-dining/cuisine">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turks+and+Caicos+Food+and+Cuisine&rft.date=2022-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visittci.com%2Frestaurants-and-dining%2Fcuisine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Randall_Hansen" title="Randall Hansen">Hansen, Randall</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qj8GEjW91oEC&pg=PA213"><i>Citizenship and Immigration in Post-war Britain: The Institutional Origins of a Multicultural Nation</i></a>. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191583018" title="Special:BookSources/9780191583018"><bdi>9780191583018</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306041027/https://books.google.com/books?id=qj8GEjW91oEC&pg=PA213">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizenship+and+Immigration+in+Post-war+Britain%3A+The+Institutional+Origins+of+a+Multicultural+Nation&rft.place=Oxford+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780191583018&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqj8GEjW91oEC%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://suntci.com/new-immigration-law-changes-criteria-to-become-a-tci-belonger-p99-106.htm">"New Immigration law changes criteria to become a TCI Belonger"</a>. <i>suntci.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810090143/https://suntci.com/new-immigration-law-changes-criteria-to-become-a-tci-belonger-p99-106.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=suntci.com&rft.atitle=New+Immigration+law+changes+criteria+to+become+a+TCI+Belonger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuntci.com%2Fnew-immigration-law-changes-criteria-to-become-a-tci-belonger-p99-106.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdministrator2023" class="citation web cs1">Administrator (3 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.tc/education/#:~:text=There%20are%20fourteen%20public%20schools,the%20child's%20compulsory%20school%20life.">"Ministry of Education, Youth, Sports and Social Services - Turks and Caicos Islands"</a>. <i>Ministry of Education, Youth, Sports and Social Services - Turks and Caicos Islands</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Education%2C+Youth%2C+Sports+and+Social+Services+-+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.atitle=Ministry+of+Education%2C+Youth%2C+Sports+and+Social+Services+-+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.date=2023-08-03&rft.au=Administrator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.tc%2Feducation%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThere%2520are%2520fourteen%2520public%2520schools%2Cthe%2520child%27s%2520compulsory%2520school%2520life.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.tc/government">"Government"</a>. Government of the Turks and Caicos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803233546/https://www.gov.tc/government">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government&rft.pub=Government+of+the+Turks+and+Caicos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.tc%2Fgovernment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyson,_Vivian2014" class="citation web cs1">Tyson, Vivian (15 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://suntci.com/ashcroft-school-is-now-international-school-of-the-tci-p1371-106.htm">"Ashcroft School is Now International School of the TCI"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sun_(Turks_and_Caicos)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sun (Turks and Caicos) (page does not exist)">The Sun</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200118204530/https://suntci.com/ashcroft-school-is-now-international-school-of-the-tci-p1371-106.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sun&rft.atitle=Ashcroft+School+is+Now+International+School+of+the+TCI&rft.date=2014-09-15&rft.au=Tyson%2C+Vivian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuntci.com%2Fashcroft-school-is-now-international-school-of-the-tci-p1371-106.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.tc/education/system">"Education System"</a>. <i>Turks and Caicos Islands Ministry of Education, Youth, Sports and Library Services</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027085641/https://www.gov.tc/education/system">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turks+and+Caicos+Islands+Ministry+of+Education%2C+Youth%2C+Sports+and+Library+Services&rft.atitle=Education+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.tc%2Feducation%2Fsystem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tcimall.tc/schools/">"Schools"</a>. <i>TCI Mall</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123021306/http://tcimall.tc/schools/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TCI+Mall&rft.atitle=Schools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftcimall.tc%2Fschools%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open.uwi.edu/turks_caicos">"The Open Campus in Turks & Caicos"</a>. <i>Open Campus</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142136/http://open.uwi.edu/turks_caicos">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Campus&rft.atitle=The+Open+Campus+in+Turks+%26+Caicos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopen.uwi.edu%2Fturks_caicos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/34321"><i>Health in the Americas+, 2017 Edition. Summary: Regional Outlook and Country Profiles</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: IRIS <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Health_Organization" title="Pan American Health Organization">Pan American Health Organization</a>. 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789275119662" title="Special:BookSources/9789275119662"><bdi>9789275119662</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122145244/https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/34321">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Health+in+the+Americas%2B%2C+2017+Edition.+Summary%3A+Regional+Outlook+and+Country+Profiles&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=IRIS+Pan+American+Health+Organization&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789275119662&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firis.paho.org%2Fhandle%2F10665.2%2F34321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcihospital.tc/?page_id=3695">"Our History"</a>. <i>TCI Hospital</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022150010/https://www.tcihospital.tc/?page_id=3695">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TCI+Hospital&rft.atitle=Our+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcihospital.tc%2F%3Fpage_id%3D3695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visittci.com/nature-and-history/history#:~:text=The%20start%20was%20the%20construction%20of%20the,water,%20exquisite%20reefs,%20and%20white%20sand%20beaches.">"Turks and Caicos History"</a>. <i>Visit Turks and Caicos Islands</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.atitle=Turks+and+Caicos+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visittci.com%2Fnature-and-history%2Fhistory%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520start%2520was%2520the%2520construction%2520of%2520the%2Cwater%2C%2520exquisite%2520reefs%2C%2520and%2520white%2520sand%2520beaches.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quickstat1-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quickstat1_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickstat1_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913165548/http://depstc.org/quickstats/qstat1.html">"TCI Stats Box"</a>. <i>Department of Economic Planning and Statistics</i>. 25 February 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.depstc.org/quickstats/qstat1.html">the original</a> on 13 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grace+Bay+Resorts&rft.atitle=Grace+Bay+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgracebayclub.gracebayresorts.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesomerset.com/">"The Somerset on Grace Bay"</a>. <i>www.thesomerset.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211204112417/https://www.thesomerset.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thesomerset.com&rft.atitle=The+Somerset+on+Grace+Bay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthesomerset.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beaches.com/resorts/turks-caicos/">"Beaches Turks & Caicos"</a>. <i>Beaches Resorts</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216205107/https://www.beaches.com/resorts/turks-caicos/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sevenstarsgracebay.com&rft.atitle=Seven+Stars+Resort+%26+Spa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sevenstarsgracebay.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alexandraresort.com/">"Alexandra Resort"</a>. <i>www.alexandraresort.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220130040307/https://www.alexandraresort.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.alexandraresort.com&rft.atitle=Alexandra+Resort&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexandraresort.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewestbayclub.gracebayresorts.com/">"West Bay Club"</a>. <i>Grace Bay Resorts</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225144934/https://thewestbayclub.gracebayresorts.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grace+Bay+Resorts&rft.atitle=West+Bay+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewestbayclub.gracebayresorts.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNODC-by-country-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNODC-by-country_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataunodc.un.org/dp-intentional-homicide-victims">"Intentional Homicide"</a>. <i>dataunodc.un.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a> (UNODC).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dataunodc.un.org&rft.atitle=Intentional+Homicide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdataunodc.un.org%2Fdp-intentional-homicide-victims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span> Table by country. Latest available year varies by country. Some have 2023 data. Can select for few or many countries, regions, years. You can shrink the width of the table to see all the options, and all the years you selected. To do so drag the zoom bar button at the bottom of the page. There is a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataunodc.un.org/sites/dataunodc.un.org/files/data_cts_intentional_homicide.xlsx">dataset link to download all the data</a>. Table last fully updated from dataset retrieved 24 June 2024. Individual countries updated since then.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNODC-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNODC_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataunodc.un.org/content/homicide-rate-option-2">"Victims of Intentional Homicide: 2018"</a>. UNODC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victims+of+Intentional+Homicide%3A+2018&rft.pub=UNODC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdataunodc.un.org%2Fcontent%2Fhomicide-rate-option-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>. Map and table of rates and counts. Pick a country (or countries) in the sidebar "Country" dropdown menu. Then pick a year (1990-2018). Click that country on the map to see a timeline graph of homicide rates. Below the map see a timeline table of the rates and counts for that country or countries. There is a "Bulk data download" link at top right (hover to see name). May need to click twice to download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNODC-graph-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNODC-graph_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataunodc.un.org/content/data/homicide/homicide-rate">"Homicide rate | dataUNODC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>. Timeline graph of "Victims of intentional homicide 1990-2018". Can select a country and a region. Table below graph shows data 1990-2018. Download link icon below table offers multiple formats just for selected country and region. Click "bulk data download" link icon twice at top of page to get Excel file that covers years 1990-2018 for all countries.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homicide+rate+%7C+dataUNODC&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime.+Timeline+graph+of+%22Victims+of+intentional+homicide+1990-2018%22.+Can+select+a+country+and+a+region.+Table+below+graph+shows+data+1990-2018.+Download+link+icon+below+table+offers+multiple+formats+just+for+selected+country+and+region.+Click+%22bulk+data+download%22+link+icon+twice+at+top+of+page+to+get+Excel+file+that+covers+years+1990-2018+for+all+countries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdataunodc.un.org%2Fcontent%2Fdata%2Fhomicide%2Fhomicide-rate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-airporttech-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-airporttech_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airport-technology.com/projects/-providenciales-international-airport-turks-caicos-islands/">"Providenciales International Airport, Turks and Caicos Islands, United Kingdom"</a>. airport-technology.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140705070042/http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/-providenciales-international-airport-turks-caicos-islands/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Providenciales+International+Airport%2C+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=airport-technology.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airport-technology.com%2Fprojects%2F-providenciales-international-airport-turks-caicos-islands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visittci.com/getting-around/driving">"Driving in the Turks and Caicos Islands"</a>. Visit Turks and Caicos Islands. 1 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029204656/https://www.visittci.com/getting-around/driving">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Driving+in+the+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.pub=Visit+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visittci.com%2Fgetting-around%2Fdriving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frommers-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frommers_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frommers.com/destinations/turks-and-caicos/730152">"Turks and Caicos Islands: Getting Around"</a>. frommers.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810121903/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/turks-and-caicos/730152">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turks+and+Caicos+Islands%3A+Getting+Around&rft.pub=frommers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frommers.com%2Fdestinations%2Fturks-and-caicos%2F730152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sinfin.net/railways/world/uk.html">"Railways in the United Kingdom"</a>. Sinfin.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202053106/http://sinfin.net/railways/world/uk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railways+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Sinfin.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsinfin.net%2Frailways%2Fworld%2Fuk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visittci.com/about/history">"History of the Turks and Caicos Islands"</a>. Visit Turks and Caicos Islands. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212115925/https://www.visittci.com/about/history">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.pub=Visit+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visittci.com%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrasketi,_Joseph_J._Jr." class="citation web cs1">Frasketi, Joseph J. Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221013119/http://spacecovers.com/misc/gtkarta.htm">"The Grand Turk Connection with the Project Mercury/Glenn Flight"</a>. Joe Frasketi's Space and other Topical Covers. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Grand+Turk+Connection+with+the+Project+Mercury%2FGlenn+Flight&rft.pub=Joe+Frasketi%27s+Space+and+other+Topical+Covers&rft.au=Frasketi%2C+Joseph+J.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacecovers.com%2Fmisc%2Fgtkarta.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212130325/https://www.visittci.com/about/practical-information">"Practical Information (Know Before You Go)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visittci.com/about/practical-information">the original</a> on 12 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Practical+Information+%28Know+Before+You+Go%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visittci.com%2Fabout%2Fpractical-information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150613101612/http://www.tciyellowpages.com/postal-services-tci-yellow-pages-turks-and-caicos-islands">"Turks & Caicos Postal Services, Mail, post offices | TCI Online"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tciyellowpages.com/postal-services-tci-yellow-pages-turks-and-caicos-islands">the original</a> on 13 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turks+%26+Caicos+Postal+Services%2C+Mail%2C+post+offices+%26%23124%3B+TCI+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tciyellowpages.com%2Fpostal-services-tci-yellow-pages-turks-and-caicos-islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcimall.tc/government/">"Government – Turks and Caicos Information – TCI Mall"</a>. <i>Tcimall.tc</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170430074250/http://tcimall.tc/government/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tcimall.tc&rft.atitle=Government+%E2%80%93+Turks+and+Caicos+Information+%E2%80%93+TCI+Mall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcimall.tc%2Fgovernment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.submarinecablemap.com/landing-point/providenciales-turks-and-caicos-islands">"Submarine Cable Map - ARCOS"</a>. <i>Submarine Cable Map</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Submarine+Cable+Map&rft.atitle=Submarine+Cable+Map+-+ARCOS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.submarinecablemap.com%2Flanding-point%2Fprovidenciales-turks-and-caicos-islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015220110/https://suntci.com/about-turks-and-caicos-sun-p3651-124.htm">"About Turks and Caicos Sun"</a>. Turks and Caicos Sun. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://suntci.com/about-turks-and-caicos-sun-p3651-124.htm">the original</a> on 15 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Turks+and+Caicos+Sun&rft.pub=Turks+and+Caicos+Sun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuntci.com%2Fabout-turks-and-caicos-sun-p3651-124.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111211072010/http://www.tcifreepress.com/">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcifreepress.com/">the original</a> on 11 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcifreepress.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111205142102/http://www.timespub.tc/">"Times of the Islands"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timespub.tc/">the original</a> on 5 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Times+of+the+Islands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timespub.tc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.s3magazine.com/">"S3 Magazine"</a>. s3magazine.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004184454/http://www.s3magazine.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S3+Magazine&rft.pub=s3magazine.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.s3magazine.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICC-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICC_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICC_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107132730/http://www.icc-cricket.com/the-icc/icc_members/profile.php?countryCode=ICC_AFFILIATE_MEMBERS_TCISLANDS">"ICC Members: Turks and Caicos Islands"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">International Cricket Council</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cricket.com/the-icc/icc_members/profile.php?countryCode=ICC_AFFILIATE_MEMBERS_TCISLANDS">the original</a> on 7 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Cricket+Council&rft.atitle=ICC+Members%3A+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cricket.com%2Fthe-icc%2Ficc_members%2Fprofile.php%3FcountryCode%3DICC_AFFILIATE_MEMBERS_TCISLANDS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012013433/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/2/2319/Other_Matches.html">"Other Matches played by Turks and Caicos Islands"</a>. CricketArchive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/2/2319/Other_Matches.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Other+Matches+played+by+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.pub=CricketArchive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcricketarchive.com%2FArchive%2FTeams%2F2%2F2319%2FOther_Matches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/2/2319/Twenty20_Matches.html">"Twenty20 Matches played by Turks and Caicos Islands"</a>. CricketArchive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012013312/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/2/2319/Twenty20_Matches.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twenty20+Matches+played+by+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.pub=CricketArchive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcricketarchive.com%2FArchive%2FTeams%2F2%2F2319%2FTwenty20_Matches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/associations/association/TCA/men/">"The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking - Associations - Turks and Caicos Islands"</a>. <i>FIFA.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201207203844/https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/associations/association/tca/men/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FIFA.com&rft.atitle=The+FIFA%2FCoca-Cola+World+Ranking+-+Associations+-+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Ffifa-world-ranking%2Fassociations%2Fassociation%2FTCA%2Fmen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visittci.com/government/about">"About the Turks and Caicos Government"</a>. <i>Visit Turks and Caicos Islands</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202041221/https://www.visittci.com/government/about">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands&rft.atitle=About+the+Turks+and+Caicos+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visittci.com%2Fgovernment%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurks+and+Caicos+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boultbee, Paul G. <i>Turks and Caicos Islands</i>. Oxford: ABC-Clio Press, 1991.</li> <li>Correll, Donovan Stewart and Helen B. Correll. <i>Flora of the Bahama Archipelago (including the Turks and Caicos Islands)</i>. Vaduz: J. Cramer, 1982.</li> <li>Keegan, William F. <i>Bahamian Archaeology: Life in the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands before Columbus.</i> Nassau: Media Pub., 1997.</li> <li>White, Anthony W. <i>A Birder’s Guide to The Bahama Islands (including the Turks and Caicos Islands).</i> Colorado Springs: American Birding Association, 1998.</li> <li>Cameron, Catherine M., & Gatewood, John B. <i>Beyond Sun, Sand and Sea: The Emergent Tourism Programme in the Turks and Caicos Islands</i>. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 3(1), 55–73, 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Turks and Caicos Islands</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Turks and Caicos Islands">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="extiw" title="c:Turks and Caicos Islands">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Turks and Caicos Islands">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Turks and Caicos Islands">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Turks and Caicos Islands">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Turks and Caicos Islands">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Turks and Caicos Islands">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="extiw" title="voy:Turks and Caicos Islands">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.tc/">Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands</a> – official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/world/turks-and-caicos-islands">FCO – UK and Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_information">General information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: General information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visittci.com/">Visit Turks & Caicos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tcmuseum.org/">Turks & Caicos National Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080407225618/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/turkscaicos.htm">Turks and Caicos Islands</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs (archived 7 April 2008)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Wikimedia Atlas of the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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title="Template talk:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Secretariat of the Caribbean Community">Secretariat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Secretary-General of the Caribbean Community">Secretary-General</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Free_Trade_Association" title="Caribbean Free Trade Association">Caribbean Free Trade Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chaguaramas" title="Treaty of Chaguaramas">Treaty of Chaguaramas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Single Market and Economy (CSME)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Flag of the Caribbean Community"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/68px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/102px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/136px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/32px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/48px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/64px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="561" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Caribbean portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Meteorological_Organisation" title="Caribbean Meteorological Organisation">Caribbean Meteorological Organisation (CMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fund_for_Commodities" title="Common Fund for Commodities">Common Fund for Commodities (CFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Court_of_Justice" title="Caribbean Court of Justice">Court of Justice (CCJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Disaster_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency">Disaster Emergency Management (CDEMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Examinations_Council" title="Caribbean Examinations Council">Examinations Council (CXC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Institute_for_Meteorology_and_Hydrology" title="Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology">Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Public_Health_Agency" title="Caribbean Public Health Agency">Public Health Agency (CARPHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Single Market and Economy (CSME)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>1</sup> Member of the Community but not of the <a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">CARICOM Single Market and Economy</a> (CSME)</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British overseas territory</a> awaiting entrustment to join the CSME</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries,_territories_and_dependencies_of_the_British_Crown" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Template:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Template talk:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries,_territories_and_dependencies_of_the_British_Crown" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries, territories and dependencies of the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a> <br />of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Island" title="Gough Island">Gough Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom">List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Sovereign Base Areas</a>. <sup>2</sup> Partial suspension of sovereignty due to the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_peoples" title="Template:British peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_peoples" title="Template talk:British peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British people</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_diaspora" title="British diaspora">British diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_people" title="Anglo-Irish people">Anglo-Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Anguilla" title="Demographics of Anguilla">Anguillans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bermuda" title="Demographics of Bermuda">Bermudians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Demographics of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Demographics of the Cayman Islands">Caymanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagossians" title="Chagossians">Chagossians (Îlois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islanders" title="Falkland Islanders">Falkland Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltarian people">Gibraltarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernsey people">Guernésiais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom">Hongkongers</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_Hong_Kong" title="British nationality law and Hong Kong">British Nationals (Overseas)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_people" title="Jersey people">Jersiais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montserrat" title="Demographics of Montserrat">Montserratians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest_Commoner" class="mw-redirect" title="New Forest Commoner">New Forest Commoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Northern_Ireland" title="People of Northern Ireland">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcadians" title="Orcadians">Orcadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islanders" title="Pitcairn Islanders">Pitcairn Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Saint Helena">Saint Helenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_Gaels" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots Gaels">Scots Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetlanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_migration_to_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="British migration to Spain">Spanish Brits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan Islanders</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turks and Caicos Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Protestants" title="Ulster Protestants">Ulster Protestants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White British</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_overseas_territories" title="Template talk:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and Current <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Legend</span></dt> <dd>Former territory</dd> <dd><b>Current territory</b></dd> <dd>*Current <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></dd> <dd><sup>†</sup>Current member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></b> since 1960 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom" title="Anglo-Corsican Kingdom">Corsica</a> 1794–1796</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b> since 1713</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> 1807–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> 1809–1864</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Ireland</a> 1542–1800 <span style="font-size:85%;">(integrated into the UK)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Free State</a> 1921–1931</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Protectorate</a> 1800–1813</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Colony</a> 1813–1964</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Minorca</a> 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basutoland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>) 1868–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>) 1884–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cameroons" title="British Cameroons">Cameroons</a><sup>13</sup> 1919–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> 1795–1803</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape of Good Hope</a> 1806–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">Central Africa</a> 1891–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa</a> 1895–1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Egypt</a> 1882–1922</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Gambia Colony and Protectorate">The Gambia</a> 1816–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>) 1874–1957</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya</a> 1920–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_Colony" title="Lagos Colony">Lagos</a> 1862–1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Madeira" title="History of Madeira">Madeira</a> 1807–1808</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a> 1810–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a> 1856–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Coast_Protectorate" title="Niger Coast Protectorate">Niger Coast</a> 1884–1900</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Nigeria</a> 1914–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a><sup>15</sup> 1924–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a> 1891–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Seychelles" title="History of Seychelles">Seychelles</a> 1903–1976</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate">Sierra Leone</a> 1792–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">Somaliland</a> 1884–1960</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> 1910–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="South-West Africa">South-West Africa</a><sup>12</sup> 1915–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a><sup>14</sup> 1923–1965 and 1979–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Swaziland">Swaziland</a> 1893–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Sudan</a> 1899–1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika</a><sup>13</sup> 1922–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Protectorate">Uganda</a> 1890–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> 1890–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zululand</a> 1887–1897</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>12</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><sup>13</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. British Cameroons is now part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, while Tanganyika is part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</li> <li><sup>14</sup><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Self-governing</a> Southern Rhodesia <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">unilaterally declared independence</a> in 1965 (as <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>) and continued as an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">unrecognised</a> state until the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement" title="Lancaster House Agreement">Lancaster House Agreement</a>. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.</li> <li><sup>15</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a> 1839–1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">Afghanistan</a> 1839–1842 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">Protectorate</a> 1879–1919</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bencoolen" title="British Bencoolen">Bencoolen</a> 1685–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Banka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belitung" title="Belitung">Billiton</a> 1812–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a> 1757–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bhutan" title="History of Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (protectorate) 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">Borneo</a> 1874–1963</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></b> since 1965 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>)<sup>26</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Burma</a> 1824–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei</a> 1888–1984</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">Ceylon</a> 1795–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> 1841–1997</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a><sup>18</sup> 1858–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> 1811–1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Kuwait</a> 1918–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Labuan</a> 1848–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> 1819–1826 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated States</a> 1895–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated States</a> 1885–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Union</a> 1946–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation</a> 1948–1957</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_the_Maldives" title="Independence of the Maldives">Maldives</a> 1796–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_Manila" title="British occupation of Manila">Manila and Cavite</a> 1762–1764</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Mesopotamia" title="Mandate for Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a><sup>19</sup> 1920–1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a> 1891–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> 1882–1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a> 1781–1784 and 1795–1819</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a><sup>19</sup> 1923–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Penang" title="History of Penang">Penang</a> 1786–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4n_S%C6%A1n_Island" title="Côn Sơn Island">Pulo Condore</a> 1702–1705</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a> 1841–1946 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a> 1946–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">South Vietnam</a> 1945–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> 1826–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> 1921–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a> 1892–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihaiwei_under_British_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Weihaiwei under British rule">Weihai</a> 1898–1930</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>18</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><sup>19</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Iraqi Treaty">Anglo-Iraqi Treaty</a></li> <li><sup>26</sup>Legitimacy of territorial establishment <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">disputed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></b> since 1650</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a> 1632–1860</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> 1860–1981</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bahamas" title="History of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a> 1670–1973</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a> 1624–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a> 1643–1860</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">Belize</a> 1871–1981</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></b> since 1619</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Territories" title="British Arctic Territories">British Arctic Territories</a> 16th c.–1880</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">British Columbia</a> 1858–1866 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">1866–1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> 1754–1820</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dominica" title="History of Dominica">Dominica</a> 1763–1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Grenada" title="History of Grenada">Grenada</a> 1762–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province</a> 1841–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Dominion</a> 1867–1931</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> 1663–1712</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></b> since 1670</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> 1818–1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> 1701–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> 1733–1776</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Jamaica</a> 1655–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leeward_Islands" title="British Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> 1671–1816, 1833–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">MassachusettsBay</a> 1629–1691 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province</a>, 1691–1776</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> 1632–1776</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></b> since 1632</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a> 1655–1860</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> 1628–1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albion" title="New Albion">New Albion</a> 1579</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Brunswick" title="History of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> 1784–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">New England</a> 1686–1689</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> 1680–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> 1637–1662</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> 1665–1674 and 1702–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> 1664–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> 1583–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> 1859–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> 1713–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulet_affair_(1843)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulet affair (1843)">Paulet affair</a> 1843</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="History of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> 1763–1873</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> 1681–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> 1620–1691</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> 1763–1791* <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_the_Queen_Charlotte_Islands" title="Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands">Queen Charlotte Islands</a> 1853–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> 1670–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a> 1625–1650</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a> 1623–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="History of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> 1882–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> 1605–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> 1627–1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> 1635–1644</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen</a> 1862–1863</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> 1889–1962</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></b> since 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Vancouver_Island" title="Colony of Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> 1849–1866</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></b> since 1666</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> 1607–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_West_Florida" title="British West Florida">West Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a> 1958–1962 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Associated_States" title="West Indies Associated States">Associated States</a> 1967–1983</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Windward_Islands" title="British Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a> 1833–1960</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">18th and 19th centuries</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">20th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">New South Wales</a> 1788–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Tasmania</a> 1803–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1807–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a><sup>21</sup> 1824–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Queensland" title="Colony of Queensland">Queensland</a> 1824–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Western Australia">Western Australia</a> 1829–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of South Australia">South Australia</a> 1836–1901</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="History of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></b> since 1838</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1841–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Australia" title="North Australia">North Australia</a> 1846–1847</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Victoria" title="Colony of Victoria">Victoria</a> 1851–1901</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Fiji</a> 1874–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Western_Pacific_Territories" title="British Western Pacific Territories">Western Pacific Territories</a> 1877–1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> 1884–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_Federation" title="Cook Islands Federation">Cook Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1888–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Islands">Union Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1889–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a><sup>22</sup> 1892–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> 1893–1978</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tonga" title="History of Tonga">Tonga</a> 1900–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Niue" title="History of Niue">Niue</a><sup>20</sup> 1900–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">Australia</a> 1901–1942</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1907–1947</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa Trust Territory">Samoa</a> 1914–1962</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a> 1919–1942 and 1945–1968</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>20</sup>Now part of the <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></li> <li><sup>21</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><sup>22</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> and <sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_colony" title="Providence Island colony">Providence Island</a> 1631–1641</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughbyland" class="mw-redirect" title="Willoughbyland">Willoughbyland</a> 1651–1667</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">Saint Andrew and Providence Islands</a><sup>4</sup> 1670–1688</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">Guiana</a> 1831–1966</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1833</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>4</sup>Now a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup>Occupied by Argentina during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> of April–June 1982.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica_and_the_South_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica and the South Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b> since 1833</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>)</span> 1841–1933</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>)</span> 1841–1947</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></b><sup>24</sup> since 1908</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>25</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>23</sup>Since 2009 part of <b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></b>; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.</li> <li><sup>24</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</li> <li><sup>25</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_flags_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_overseas_territories" title="Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories">Historical flags of the British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> culture</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Empire" title="Category:British Empire">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:British_Empire" title="Portal:British Empire">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English-speaking_world" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Template:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Template talk:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English-speaking_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/English_language#Geographical_distribution" title="English language">English-speaking world</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span title="English speaking countries"><img alt="English speaking countries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/600px-Anglophone_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/900px-Anglophone_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/1200px-Anglophone_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="974" resource="/wiki/File:Anglophone_World.svg" /></span><figcaption>English speaking countries</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Further_links" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Further links</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the English language">History of the English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="English in the Commonwealth of Nations">English in the Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;color:darkblue;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_English-speaking_population" title="List of countries by English-speaking population">List of countries by English-speaking population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_English_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where English is an official language">List of countries where English is an official language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:blue;"><span style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_the_national_language_or_the_native_language_of_the_majority"> <ul><li><b>Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Europe" title="English language in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightblue;"><span style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_an_official_language,_but_not_the_majority_first_language"> <ul><li><b>Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turks_and_Caicos_topics" title="Template:Turks and Caicos topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turks_and_Caicos_topics" title="Template talk:Turks and Caicos topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turks_and_Caicos_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turks and Caicos topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turks and Caicos Islands</a> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="History of the Turks and Caicos Islands">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean" title="Slavery in the British and French Caribbean">Slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Districts of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Category:Environment of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Turks_and_Caicos" title="List of islands of Turks and Caicos">Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HJ_Robinson_High_School" title="HJ Robinson High School">HJ Robinson HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Howell_High_School" title="Clement Howell High School">Clement Howell HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Bay_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Bay High School">Long Bay HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gardiner_High_School" title="Raymond Gardiner High School">Raymond Gardiner HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Basden_High_School" title="Marjorie Basden High School">Marjorie Basden HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Community_College" title="Turks and Caicos Islands Community College">T&CI Community College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Politics of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Elections in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Deputy Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Deputy Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_House_of_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks and Caicos Islands House of Assembly">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Canadian_annexation_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed Canadian annexation of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Proposed merge with Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Tourism in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providenciales_International_Airport" title="Providenciales International Airport">Providenciales Int'l Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAGS_McCartney_International_Airport" title="JAGS McCartney International Airport">JAGS McCartney Int'l Airport</a> in Grand Turk</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Coat of arms of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Music of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Religion in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Category:Sport in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Outline of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Turks and Caicos Islands–related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Further_reading">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Category:Turks and Caicos Islands">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Caribbean_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Caribbean_topics" title="Template:Caribbean topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caribbean_topics" title="Template talk:Caribbean topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caribbean_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Caribbean">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish Caribbean (1492–1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy</a> (1500s–1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Dutch Caribbean (1554–1863)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_West_Indies" title="History of the British West Indies">British Caribbean (1586–1834)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French Caribbean (1625–1817)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Curonian colonization of the Americas">Baltic-German Caribbean (1654-1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish Caribbean (1672–1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_(Brandenburg_colony)" title="Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)">German Caribbean (1685-1693)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_colony_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy">Swedish Caribbean (1784–1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_history" title="Afro-Caribbean history">Afro-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Court_of_Justice" title="Caribbean Court of Justice">Caribbean Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Caribbean" title="Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean">Indigenous people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_hurricanes_on_Caribbean_history" title="Impact of hurricanes on Caribbean history">Hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influx_of_disease_in_the_Caribbean" title="Influx of disease in the Caribbean">Influx of diseases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaria_and_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaria and the Caribbean">Malaria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_Caribbean" title="Territorial evolution of the Caribbean">Territorial evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean#Geography_and_geology" title="Caribbean">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antilles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeward_Antilles" title="Leeward Antilles">Leeward Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands" title="Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Lowlands" title="Caribbean Lowlands">Caribbean Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Plate">Caribbean Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_South_America" title="Caribbean South America">Caribbean South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Caribbean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Caribbean (page does not exist)">Southern Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Caribbean_zone" title="Western Caribbean zone">Western Caribbean zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_bioregion" title="Caribbean bioregion">Bioregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of earthquakes in the Caribbean">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Caribbean" title="Extreme points of the Caribbean">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands_by_area" title="List of Caribbean islands by area">by area</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammals_of_the_Caribbean" title="Mammals of the Caribbean">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetaceans_of_the_Caribbean" title="Cetaceans of the Caribbean">Cetaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_the_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas in the West Indies">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_Caribbean" title="List of mountain peaks of the Caribbean">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of populated places in the Caribbean">Populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="List of rivers of Central America and the Caribbean">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trees_of_the_Caribbean" title="List of trees of the Caribbean">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultras_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ultras of the Caribbean">Ultras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_the_West_Indies#Sovereign_states" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the West Indies">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_the_West_Indies#Dependent_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the West Indies">Dependent territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Caribbean">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean#Politics" title="Caribbean">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_leftism" title="Afro-Caribbean leftism">Afro-Caribbean leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Caribbean" title="Economy of the Caribbean">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_airlines_in_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="List of largest airlines in Central America and the Caribbean">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of airports in the Caribbean">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Basin_Trade_and_Partnership_Act" title="Caribbean Basin Trade and Partnership Act">Caribbean Basin Trade and Partnership Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_banks_and_currencies_of_the_Caribbean" title="Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean">Central banks and currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_industry_in_the_Caribbean" title="Citrus industry in the Caribbean">Citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_companies" title="List of Caribbean companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_Caribbean" title="Fishing industry in the Caribbean">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hotels_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of hotels in the Caribbean">Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_Americas" title="List of stock exchanges in the Americas">Stock exchanges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_Securities_Exchange" title="Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange">Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_the_Caribbean" title="Sugar plantations in the Caribbean">Sugar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_sugar_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban sugar economy">in Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_production_in_the_Danish_West_Indies" title="Sugar production in the Danish West Indies">in the Danish West Indies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the Caribbean">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Caribbean" title="Culture of the Caribbean">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_people" title="Caribbean people">Caribbean people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_carnivals_around_the_world#Local_Caribbean_Carnivals" title="List of Caribbean carnivals around the world">Carnivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_literature" title="Caribbean literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_music_genres" title="List of Caribbean music genres">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_poetry" title="Caribbean poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_in_the_Caribbean_by_country" title="Category:Radio stations in the Caribbean by country">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in the Caribbean">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Central American and Caribbean Games">Central American and Caribbean Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="List of stadiums in Central America and the Caribbean">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of television stations in the Caribbean">Television stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Caribbean">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Caribbean" title="Languages of the Caribbean">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Arawakan_languages_of_the_Greater_Antilles" title="Pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles">Pre-Arawakan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_countries_by_population" title="List of Caribbean countries by population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_Caribbean" title="Category:Religion in the Caribbean">Religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean-related_topics" title="List of Caribbean-related topics">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caribbean" title="Category:Caribbean">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_North_America" title="Template:Geography of North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_North_America" title="Template talk:Geography of North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_America" title="Geography of North America">Geography of North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Geography of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Bahamas" title="Geography of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Barbados" title="Geography of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belize" title="Geography of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Canada" title="Geography of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Costa_Rica" title="Geography of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cuba" title="Geography of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Dominica" title="Geography of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Geography of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_El_Salvador" title="Geography of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Grenada" title="Geography of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guatemala" title="Geography of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Haiti" title="Geography of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Honduras" title="Geography of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jamaica" title="Geography of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mexico" title="Geography of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nicaragua" title="Geography of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Panama" title="Geography of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Geography of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Geography of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Geography of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Geography of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_North_America.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/100px-Location_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/150px-Location_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/200px-Location_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Anguilla" title="Geography of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Aruba" title="Geography of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bermuda" title="Geography of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Geography of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Geography of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Geography of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guadeloupe" title="Geography of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Martinique" title="Geography of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montserrat" title="Geography of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Geography of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Geography of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sint_Eustatius" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Geography of the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Climate_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Climate_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of North America">Climate of North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Dominica" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mexico" title="Climate of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_States" title="Climate of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Cayman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Greenland" title="Climate of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Martinique" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Montserrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Climate of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18221#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4285170-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81110347">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557193805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a2d01b31-5184-382e-aab5-63b5944195b7">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/f56baa9e-c3ac-4725-b49d-f873ad2e00f8">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/FJ3x2spJ">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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