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Espulsione di massa coronale - Wikipedia

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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caratteristiche_dinamiche_dei_getti_coronali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Caratteristiche dinamiche dei getti coronali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caratteristiche_dinamiche_dei_getti_coronali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Espulsione di massa coronale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 40 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmawolk" title="Plasmawolk - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plasmawolk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AB_%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="انبعاث كتلي إكليلي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انبعاث كتلي إكليلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Каранальныя выкіды масы - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каранальныя выкіды масы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%85%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Коронално изхвърляне на маса - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Коронално изхвърляне на маса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejecci%C3%B3_de_massa_coronal" title="Ejecció de massa coronal - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ejecció de massa coronal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDron_koron%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_hmoty" title="Výron koronální hmoty - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Výron koronální hmoty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantisk_soludbrud" title="Gigantisk soludbrud - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gigantisk soludbrud" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaler_Massenauswurf" title="Koronaler Massenauswurf - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koronaler Massenauswurf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Στεμματική εκπομπή μάζας - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στεμματική εκπομπή μάζας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Coronal mass ejection" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyecci%C3%B3n_de_masa_coronal" title="Eyección de masa coronal - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eyección de masa coronal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krooni_massi_purse" title="Krooni massi purse - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Krooni massi purse" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroa-masaren_eiekzio" title="Koroa-masaren eiekzio - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koroa-masaren eiekzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="خروج جرم از تاج خورشیدی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خروج جرم از تاج خورشیدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89jection_de_masse_coronale" title="Éjection de masse coronale - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Éjection de masse coronale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A3" title="कोरोना द्रव्य उत्क्षेपण - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोरोना द्रव्य उत्क्षेपण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronalni_izba%C4%8Daji_masa" title="Koronalni izbačaji masa - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Koronalni izbačaji masa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronakidob%C3%B3d%C3%A1s" title="Koronakidobódás - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koronakidobódás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontaran_massa_korona" title="Lontaran massa korona - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lontaran massa korona" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%94%BE%E5%87%BA" title="コロナ質量放出 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コロナ質量放出" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%98_%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89_%EB%B0%A9%EC%B6%9C" title="코로나 질량 방출 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코로나 질량 방출" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronale_Massenausworf" title="Koronale Massenausworf - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Koronale Massenausworf" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="കൊറോണൽ മാസ് ഇജക്ഷൻ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊറോണൽ മാസ് ഇജക്ഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentingan_jisim_korona" title="Lentingan jisim korona - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lentingan jisim korona" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmawolk" title="Plasmawolk - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Plasmawolk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronamasseutbrudd" title="Koronamasseutbrudd - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koronamasseutbrudd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronalny_wyrzut_masy" title="Koronalny wyrzut masy - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koronalny wyrzut masy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_massa_coronal" title="Ejeção de massa coronal - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ejeção de massa coronal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejec%C8%9Bie_de_mas%C4%83_coronal%C4%83" title="Ejecție de masă coronală - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ejecție de masă coronală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Корональные выбросы массы - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корональные выбросы массы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronalni_izba%C4%8Daji_masa" title="Koronalni izbačaji masa - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koronalni izbačaji masa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDron_koron%C3%A1lnej_hmoty" title="Výron koronálnej hmoty - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Výron koronálnej hmoty" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronalne_eksplozije" title="Koronalne eksplozije - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Koronalne eksplozije" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronamassutkastning" title="Koronamassutkastning - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koronamassutkastning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_(%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%88)" title="కరోనల్ మాస్ ఎజెక్షన్ (సీఎంఈ) - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కరోనల్ మాస్ ఎజెక్షన్ (సీఎంఈ)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%A7k%C3%BCre_k%C3%BCtle_at%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Taçküre kütle 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar-CME.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Solar-CME.gif/220px-Solar-CME.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Solar-CME.gif/330px-Solar-CME.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Solar-CME.gif/440px-Solar-CME.gif 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>CME solare. Fonte <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Un&#39;<b>espulsione di massa coronale</b> (normalmente abbreviata in CME, acronimo dell'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a> <i>coronal mass ejection</i>) è una significativa espulsione di materiale dalla <a href="/wiki/Corona_solare" title="Corona solare">corona solare</a> nell'<a href="/wiki/Eliosfera" title="Eliosfera">eliosfera</a>, osservata con un <a href="/wiki/Coronografo" title="Coronografo">coronografo</a> in luce bianca. Le CME sono spesso associate a <a href="/wiki/Brillamento" title="Brillamento">brillamenti</a> o a qualche altra forma di intensa attività solare, anche se non è ancora stata stabilita una chiara relazione tra questi eventi.<sup id="cite_ref-helios-cme_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helios-cme-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-msfc-cme_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msfc-cme-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noaa-cme_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noaa-cme-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In corrispondenza di un <a href="/wiki/Massimo_solare" title="Massimo solare">massimo solare</a>, il Sole produce tre espulsioni di massa coronale al giorno, mentre nei periodi di <a href="/wiki/Minimo_solare" title="Minimo solare">minimo solare</a> si ha in media una CME ogni cinque giorni.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cme-c3-big.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cme-c3-big.gif/220px-Cme-c3-big.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cme-c3-big.gif/330px-Cme-c3-big.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cme-c3-big.gif/440px-Cme-c3-big.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Animazione di una CME</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il materiale espulso, sotto forma di <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisica)" title="Plasma (fisica)">plasma</a>, è costituito principalmente da <a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettroni</a> e <a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">protoni</a> (oltre a piccole quantità di elementi più pesanti come <a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio">elio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a>) e viene trascinato dal <a href="/wiki/Campo_magnetico" title="Campo magnetico">campo magnetico</a> della corona. Quando questa nube raggiunge la Terra (in questo caso viene chiamata ICME, cioè CME interplanetaria) può disturbare la sua <a href="/wiki/Magnetosfera" title="Magnetosfera">magnetosfera</a> comprimendola nella regione illuminata dal Sole ed espandendola nella regione non illuminata. Quando avviene la <a href="/wiki/Riconnessione_magnetica" title="Riconnessione magnetica">riconnessione</a> della magnetosfera nella zona notturna, si generano migliaia di miliardi di <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a> di potenza diretti verso l'<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosfera</a> terrestre superiore, che provocano <a href="/wiki/Aurora_polare" title="Aurora polare">aurore</a> particolarmente intense (dette anche <i>Luci del Nord</i> nell'emisfero boreale e <i>Luci del Sud</i> nell'emisfero australe). Le espulsioni di massa della corona assieme ai <a href="/wiki/Brillamento" title="Brillamento">brillamenti</a> possono disturbare le trasmissioni <a href="/wiki/Radio_(elettronica)" title="Radio (elettronica)">radio</a>, creare interruzioni di energia, danneggiare i <a href="/wiki/Satellite_artificiale" title="Satellite artificiale">satelliti</a> e le linee di trasmissione elettriche.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La più grande perturbazione geomagnetica venne misurata con uno strumento collocato presso il complesso botanico dei <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a> e coincise con la prima osservazione senza i moderni strumenti di un brillamento nel <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a> da parte di <a href="/wiki/Richard_Christopher_Carrington" title="Richard Christopher Carrington">Richard Christopher Carrington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche_dinamiche_dei_getti_coronali">Caratteristiche dinamiche dei getti coronali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche dinamiche dei getti coronali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Caratteristiche dinamiche dei getti coronali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le osservazioni hanno messo in luce come i getti coronali appaiono sia in rotazione sia in moto rettilineo rispetto alla superficie solare. Nel 2011 un gruppo di ricerca dell'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Warwick" title="Università di Warwick">Università di Warwick</a> è arrivato a una conclusione sorprendente, mettendo in luce analogie tra questi comportamenti di dinamica solare e la formazione delle nubi sul pianeta Terra. Sul Sole, i getti derivati da esplosioni e rimescolamenti di massa nella corona, sono noti col nome di CME (getti di massa coronali). Il gruppo inglese ha utilizzato dati e immagini ottenuti tramite l'esperimento Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) presso il <a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a> (SDO) della <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. </p><p>In particolare AIA e SDO hanno fornito informazioni sulle CME in formazione e in evoluzione nell'<a href="/wiki/Ultravioletto" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultravioletto">ultravioletto</a> estremo, una regione della radiazione che non era mai stata esplorata precedentemente. Il gruppo di scienziati ha potuto così rilevare delle profonde analogie tra le CME e le instabilità tipiche della formazione di nubi o della produzione di onde nei fluidi, meglio note come <a href="/wiki/Instabilit%C3%A0_di_Kelvin-Helmholtz" title="Instabilità di Kelvin-Helmholtz">instabilità di Kelvin-Helmholtz</a> (caratteristiche di due fluidi che si muovono uno su l'altro a velocità diverse, ad esempio nell'interfaccia acqua/aria, per quel che riguarda le instabilità che si generano nelle onde marine).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«Il fatto di sapere che tali instabilità nelle CME siano osservabili nell'ultravioletto estremo, a una temperatura di 11 milioni di <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a> ci consentirà di modellizzare in modo più accurato la loro dinamica. Queste nuove osservazioni ci forniscono nuove informazioni sul perché queste CME appaiono sia in rotazione sia in moto rettilineo sulla superficie del Sole; se le instabilità si formano solo su un fianco, possono incrementare il trascinamento su un lato del CME causando un moto più lento rispetto al resto del getto.» </p> </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small>Claire Foullon, che ha partecipato alla ricerca e firma l'articolo apparso sulla rivista <i>Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>.</small>)</p></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-helios-cme-1"><a href="#cite_ref-helios-cme_1-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Eric R. Christian, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000410072714/http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/cme.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Coronal Mass Ejections</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">helios.gsfc.nasa.gov</span>, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, 5 marzo 2012. <small>URL consultato il 9 luglio 2013</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/cme.html">url originale</abbr> il 10 aprile 2000)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msfc-cme-2"><a href="#cite_ref-msfc-cme_2-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> David H. Hathaway, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160703024024/http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/CMEs.shtml"><span style="font-style:italic;">Coronal Mass Ejections</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov</span>, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, 14 agosto 2014. <small>URL consultato il 7 luglio 2016</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/CMEs.shtml">url originale</abbr> il 3 luglio 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noaa-cme-3"><a href="#cite_ref-noaa-cme_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-mass-ejections"><span style="font-style:italic;">Coronal Mass Ejections</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">swpc.noaa.gov</span>, NOAA/Space Weather Prediction Center. <small>URL consultato il 7 luglio 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Fox_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Nicky Fox, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp/nicky/cme-chase.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Coronal Mass Ejections</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov</span>, NASA/International Solar-Terrestrial Physics. <small>URL consultato il 6 aprile 2011</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repubblica.it/scienze/2014/09/12/news/tempesta_solare-95569260/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tempesta solare si dirige verso la Terra</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">repubblica.it</span>, 12 settembre 2014. <small>URL consultato il 21 settembre 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.3bmeteo.com/giornale-meteo/magnico-cme-sul-sole--tempesta-solare-di-classe-s3-62066"><span style="font-style:italic;">Magnifica CME sul Sole. Tempesta solare di Classe S3</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">3bmeteo.com</span>, 23 maggio 2013. <small>URL consultato il 21 settembre 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Frank Jr. Morring, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviationweek.com/awin/major-solar-event-could-devastate-power-grid"><span style="font-style:italic;">Major Solar Event Could Devastate Power Grid</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aviation_Week_%26_Space_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aviation Week &amp; Space Technology (la pagina non esiste)">Aviation Week &amp; Space Technology</a></span>, 14 gennaio 2013, pp.&#160;49–50.<br /><div class="cite-q">«But the most serious potential for damage rests with the transformers that maintain the proper voltage for efficient transmission of electricity through the grid.»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">articolo apparso su <i>Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brillamento" title="Brillamento">Brillamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclo_undecennale_dell%27attivit%C3%A0_solare" title="Ciclo undecennale dell&#39;attività solare">Ciclo undecennale dell'attività solare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempesta_solare" title="Tempesta solare">Tempesta solare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macchia_solare" title="Macchia solare">Macchia solare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdite_radiative_della_corona_solare" title="Perdite radiative della corona solare">Perdite radiative della corona solare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Coronal mass ejection"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coronal_mass_ejection?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coronal_mass_ejection?uselang=it">espulsione di massa coronale</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espulsione_di_massa_coronale&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160703024024/http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/CMEs.shtml"><span style="font-style:italic;">Articolo NASA</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov</span>. <small>URL consultato il 13 ottobre 2006</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/CMEs.shtml">url originale</abbr> il 3 luglio 2016)</small>.</cite></li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solar.physics.montana.edu/press/faq.html">Coronal Mass Ejection Faq</a> MSU Solar Physics Group</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteoweb.eu/2014/06/sole-unespulsione-massa-coronale-causata-gigantesco-filamento-magnetico/288867/">Sole: un'espulsione di massa coronale causata da un gigantesco filamento magnetico</a> meteoweb.eu</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse noprint metadata" id="navbox-Sole"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sole" title="Template:Sole"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Sole&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Sole (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sole&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Sole" title="Sole">Sole</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Struttura_stellare" title="Struttura stellare">Struttura</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Nucleo_solare" title="Nucleo solare">Nucleo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zona_radiativa" title="Zona radiativa">Zona radiativa</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tachocline" title="Tachocline">Tachocline</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zona_convettiva" title="Zona convettiva">Zona convettiva</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fotosfera" title="Fotosfera">Fotosfera</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_stellare" title="Atmosfera stellare">Atmosfera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cromosfera" title="Cromosfera">Cromosfera</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zona_di_transizione" title="Zona di transizione">Zona di transizione</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Corona_solare" title="Corona solare">Corona</a>)</td><td rowspan="4" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_projection_with_spotting-scope_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sole"><img alt="Sole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sun_projection_with_spotting-scope_large.jpg/100px-Sun_projection_with_spotting-scope_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sun_projection_with_spotting-scope_large.jpg/150px-Sun_projection_with_spotting-scope_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sun_projection_with_spotting-scope_large.jpg/200px-Sun_projection_with_spotting-scope_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Struttura estesa</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Vento_solare" title="Vento 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