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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. presidential advisory committee on environmental policy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Council on Environmental Quality</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg/140px-US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg/210px-US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg/280px-US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1969</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">730 <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Place" title="Jackson Place">Jackson Place</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Mallory_(public_official)" title="Brenda Mallory (public official)">Brenda Mallory</a>, Chair</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Office of the President">Executive Office of the President</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Child agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Office of the Federal Environmental Executive</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/ceq/">Council on Environmental Quality</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:730_Jackson_Place.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/730_Jackson_Place.jpg/220px-730_Jackson_Place.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/730_Jackson_Place.jpg/330px-730_Jackson_Place.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/730_Jackson_Place.jpg/440px-730_Jackson_Place.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="2084" /></a><figcaption>Council on Environmental Quality building at 730 <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Place" title="Jackson Place">Jackson Place</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Council on Environmental Quality</b> (<b>CEQ</b>) is a division of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a> that coordinates federal <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environmental</a> efforts in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and works closely with agencies and other White House offices on the development of environmental and energy policies and initiatives. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_Council_on_Environmental_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality">Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality</a> was <a href="/wiki/Russell_E._Train" title="Russell E. Train">Russell E. Train</a>, under President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>. Since April 14, 2021, the chair is <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Mallory_(public_official)" title="Brenda Mallory (public official)">Brenda Mallory</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CEQ produces an annual report for the president on the state of the environment, oversees federal agency implementation of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment" title="Environmental impact assessment">environmental impact assessments</a>, and acts as a referee when agencies disagree over the adequacy of such assessments. The National Environmental Policy Act tasks CEQ with ensuring that federal agencies meet their obligations under the Act, granting the body a significant role in environmental protection. Through inter-agency working groups and coordination with other EOP bodies, CEQ also works to advance the president's agenda on the environment, natural resources, and energy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> established the CEQ within the Executive Office of the President as part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" title="National Environmental Policy Act">National Environmental Policy Act</a> of 1969 (NEPA), during the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> administration.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CEQ was assigned additional responsibilities by the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Quality_Improvement_Act" title="Environmental Quality Improvement Act">Environmental Quality Improvement Act</a> of 1970. In enacting NEPA, Congress recognized that nearly all federal activities affect the environment in some way, and mandated that federal agencies must consider the environmental effects of their actions during their planning and decision-making processes. Under NEPA, CEQ works to balance environmental, economic, and social objectives in pursuit of NEPA's goal of "productive harmony" between humans and their environment.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clinton_administration">Clinton administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clinton administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_McGinty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen McGinty">Kathleen McGinty</a> and then <a href="/wiki/George_T._Frampton_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="George T. Frampton Jr.">George T. Frampton Jr.</a> to chair the agency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="George_W._Bush_administration">George W. Bush administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: George W. Bush administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s CEQ chairman was <a href="/wiki/James_L._Connaughton" title="James L. Connaughton">James L. Connaughton</a>, serving from 2001 to 2009. He was formerly a partner at the law firm <a href="/wiki/Sidley_Austin_LLP" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidley Austin LLP">Sidley Austin LLP</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbied</a> to reduce government regulation on behalf of clients including the <a href="/wiki/Aluminum_Company_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum Company of America">Aluminum Company of America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemistry_Council" title="American Chemistry Council">Chemical Manufacturers Association of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Bush administration, there were concerns over links between CEQ staffers and the industries it oversaw. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> Environment Analyst <a href="/wiki/Roger_Harrabin" title="Roger Harrabin">Roger Harrabin</a> described it as "a hard-line group of advisers with close links to the <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_in_the_United_States" title="Petroleum in the United States">U.S. oil industry</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One CEQ chief of staff under President Bush, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Cooney" title="Philip Cooney">Philip Cooney</a>, was previously a <a href="/wiki/Lobbyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobbyist">lobbyist</a> employed by the <a href="/wiki/American_Petroleum_Institute" title="American Petroleum Institute">American Petroleum Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2005, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> published an internal CEQ memo provided by federal <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">whistleblower</a> <a href="/wiki/Rick_Piltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Rick Piltz">Rick Piltz</a>. The memo showed Cooney had repeatedly edited government climate reports in order to play down links between <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas" title="Exhaust gas">emissions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>. Cooney, who claimed he had been planning to resign for two years, resigned two days after the scandal broke "to spend more time with his family."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immediately after resigning, Cooney went to work for <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> in their public affairs department.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005 Piltz created a watchdog organization Climate Science Watch, a program of the <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Project" title="Government Accountability Project">Government Accountability Project</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obama_administration">Obama administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Obama administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Sutley" title="Nancy Sutley">Nancy Sutley</a> served as <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_Council_on_Environmental_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality">Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality</a> from January 2009<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until February 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Sutley's departure, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Boots">Michael Boots</a> served as acting head of the Council until March 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christy_Goldfuss" title="Christy Goldfuss">Christy Goldfuss</a> was appointed to succeed Boots, and served in the same capacity, as "managing director", until the end of Obama's term, in January 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Trump_administration">First Trump administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First Trump administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2017, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> nominated <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Hartnett_White" title="Kathleen Hartnett White">Kathleen Hartnett White</a>—former chair of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Commission_on_Environmental_Quality" title="Texas Commission on Environmental Quality">Texas Commission on Environmental Quality</a>—to be chair of the CEQ.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, her nomination was withdrawn in February 2018 as she did not garner enough support in the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CEQ chief of staff and acting head <a href="/wiki/Mary_Neumayr" title="Mary Neumayr">Mary Neumayr</a> was nominated and considered in summer 2018 as chair. She was confirmed in January 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biden_administration">Biden administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Biden administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2020, president-elect <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> nominated <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Mallory_(public_official)" title="Brenda Mallory (public official)">Brenda Mallory</a>—then-director of regulatory policy at the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Environmental_Law_Center" title="Southern Environmental Law Center">Southern Environmental Law Center</a>, and general counsel of the CEQ during the Obama administration—to serve as chair of the CEQ.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mallory was confirmed by the Senate on April 14, 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming the first African American chair of the CEQ.<sup id="cite_ref-Volcovici_2021_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Volcovici_2021-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mallory took part in the virtual <a href="/wiki/2021_Leaders%27_Climate_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Leaders' Climate Summit">2021 Leaders' Climate Summit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2024, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</a> ruled in <i>Marin Audubon Society v. FAA</i> that the CEQ does not have the authority to create binding regulations under the <a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" title="National Environmental Policy Act">National Environmental Policy Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chair">Chair</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality of the<br />United States</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg/120px-US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg/180px-US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg/240px-US-CouncilOnEnvironmentalQuality-Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brenda_Mallory,_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg/200px-Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg/300px-Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg/400px-Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Mallory_(public_official)" title="Brenda Mallory (public official)">Brenda Mallory</a><br /></div>since April 16, 2021</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugural holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Train" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell Train">Russell Train</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act_of_1969" class="mw-redirect" title="National Environmental Policy Act of 1969">National Environmental Policy Act of 1969</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/ceq/">Council on Environmental Quality</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality</b> serves as the principal environmental policy adviser to the US President. In addition, CEQ reports annually to the President on the state of the environment; oversees federal agency implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment" title="Environmental impact assessment">environmental impact assessment</a> process; and acts as a referee when agencies disagree over the adequacy of such assessments. The Council coordinates federal environmental efforts and works closely with agencies and other White House offices in the development of environmental policies and initiatives. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Chair </th> <th>Term of Office </th> <th><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President(s)</a> served under </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_train.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Russell_train.gif/70px-Russell_train.gif" decoding="async" width="70" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Russell_train.gif/105px-Russell_train.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Russell_train.gif/140px-Russell_train.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="272" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russell_Train" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell Train">Russell Train</a> </td> <td>1969–1973 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_Tom_Carper_was_on_hand_to_celebrate_Governor_Russ_Peterson_and_the_opening_of_the_Russell_W._Peterson_Wildlife_Refuge_and_DuPont_Education_Center_(03)_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Senator_Tom_Carper_was_on_hand_to_celebrate_Governor_Russ_Peterson_and_the_opening_of_the_Russell_W._Peterson_Wildlife_Refuge_and_DuPont_Education_Center_%2803%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Senator_Tom_Carper_was_on_hand_to_celebrate_Governor_Russ_Peterson_and_the_opening_of_the_Russell_W._Peterson_Wildlife_Refuge_and_DuPont_Education_Center_%2803%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Senator_Tom_Carper_was_on_hand_to_celebrate_Governor_Russ_Peterson_and_the_opening_of_the_Russell_W._Peterson_Wildlife_Refuge_and_DuPont_Education_Center_%2803%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="863" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russell_Peterson" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell Peterson">Russell Peterson</a> </td> <td>1973–1976 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> & <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Busterud_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/John_Busterud_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-John_Busterud_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/John_Busterud_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-John_Busterud_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/John_Busterud_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-John_Busterud_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="385" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Busterud" class="mw-redirect" title="John Busterud">John Busterud</a> </td> <td>1976–1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_H._Warren_(politician).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Charles_H._Warren_%28politician%29.jpg/70px-Charles_H._Warren_%28politician%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Charles_H._Warren_%28politician%29.jpg/105px-Charles_H._Warren_%28politician%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Charles_H._Warren_%28politician%29.jpg/140px-Charles_H._Warren_%28politician%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="349" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren_(California_politician)" title="Charles Warren (California politician)">Charles Warren</a> </td> <td>1977–1979 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Gustave_Speth,_2008_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/James_Gustave_Speth%2C_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-James_Gustave_Speth%2C_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/James_Gustave_Speth%2C_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-James_Gustave_Speth%2C_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/James_Gustave_Speth%2C_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-James_Gustave_Speth%2C_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="1045" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Speth" class="mw-redirect" title="James Speth">Gus Speth</a> </td> <td>1979–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A._Alan_Hill" title="A. Alan Hill">A. Alan Hill</a> </td> <td>1981–1989 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Deland" title="Michael Deland">Michael Deland</a> </td> <td>1989–1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathleen_McGinty_(2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Kathleen_McGinty_%282015%29.jpg/70px-Kathleen_McGinty_%282015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Kathleen_McGinty_%282015%29.jpg/105px-Kathleen_McGinty_%282015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Kathleen_McGinty_%282015%29.jpg/140px-Kathleen_McGinty_%282015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="870" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_McGinty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen McGinty">Kathleen McGinty</a> </td> <td>1995–1998 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Frampton_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/George_Frampton_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-George_Frampton_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/George_Frampton_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-George_Frampton_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/George_Frampton_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-George_Frampton_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_T._Frampton" title="George T. Frampton">George T. Frampton</a> </td> <td>1998 - January 20, 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_L._Connaughton_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/James_L._Connaughton_%282%29.jpg/70px-James_L._Connaughton_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/James_L._Connaughton_%282%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="131" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_L._Connaughton" title="James L. Connaughton">James L. Connaughton</a> </td> <td>June 18, 2001 – January 19, 2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Sutley_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Nancy_Sutley_official_portrait.jpg/70px-Nancy_Sutley_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Nancy_Sutley_official_portrait.jpg/105px-Nancy_Sutley_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Nancy_Sutley_official_portrait.jpg/140px-Nancy_Sutley_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1501" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Sutley" title="Nancy Sutley">Nancy Sutley</a> </td> <td>January 22, 2009 – February 2014 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Boots.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mike_Boots.jpg/70px-Mike_Boots.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mike_Boots.jpg/105px-Mike_Boots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mike_Boots.jpg/140px-Mike_Boots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="1602" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Boots">Michael Boots</a> </td> <td>February 2014 – March 2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christy_Goldfuss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Christy_Goldfuss.jpg/70px-Christy_Goldfuss.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Christy_Goldfuss.jpg/105px-Christy_Goldfuss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Christy_Goldfuss.jpg/140px-Christy_Goldfuss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2333" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christy_Goldfuss" title="Christy Goldfuss">Christy Goldfuss</a> </td> <td>March 2015 – January 20, 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_B._Neumayr_official_photo_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mary_B._Neumayr_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Mary_B._Neumayr_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mary_B._Neumayr_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Mary_B._Neumayr_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mary_B._Neumayr_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Mary_B._Neumayr_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="455" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_Neumayr" title="Mary Neumayr">Mary Neumayr</a> </td> <td>January 10, 2019 – January 20, 2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brenda_Mallory,_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg/70px-Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg/105px-Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg/140px-Brenda_Mallory%2C_CEQ_Chair_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Mallory_(public_official)" title="Brenda Mallory (public official)">Brenda Mallory</a> </td> <td>April 16, 2021 – Present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Global_2000_Report_to_the_President" title="The Global 2000 Report to the President">The Global 2000 Report to the President</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Environmental_Quality&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United States. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). <a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4342">§ 4342</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NEPA, <a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4321">§ 4321</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/connaugton-bio.html">Connaughton Whitehouse bio</a>," whitehouse.gov</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griscom Little, Amanda "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://outsideonline.com/outside/features/200505/counter-enviroment-power-list-11.html">Earth Shakers: The Counter-Enviro Power List</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100926171051/http://outsideonline.com/outside/features/200505/counter-enviroment-power-list-11.html">Archived</a> 2010-09-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Outside Magazine, May 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrabin, Roger "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5408798.stm">Links to oil industry</a>," BBC, 5 October 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Revkin, Andrew "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/10/politics/11cooney.long.html?ex=1276056000&en=7da9d69d3b1ecb1a&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss">Lobbyist for API</a>," New York Times; June 10, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Revkin, Andrew "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/08/politics/08climate.html?ei=5090&en=22149dc70c0731d8&ex=1275883200&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss">Cooney resignation</a>," <i>The New York Times</i>, June 8, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Jamie "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/usa/story/0,12271,1507554,00.html">Cooney move to ExxonMobil</a>," <i>The Guardian</i>, June 16, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climatesciencewatch.org/history/">History</a>". Climate Science & Policy Watch. climatesciencewatch.org. Retrieved February 4, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mooney, Chris (June 6, 2017). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606163950/https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/06/06/trump-has-filled-just-15-percent-of-the-governments-top-science-jobs/">85 percent of the top science jobs in Trump's government don't even have a nominee</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018. "The Obama administration also had a chair of its Council on Environmental Quality, Nancy Sutley, in place in January 2009."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banerjee, Neela (February 14, 2014). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-pn-obama-environmental-advisor-20140213-story.html">Obama's environmental advisor set to return to Los Angeles</a>". <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. latimes.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018. Refers to "her five years as head of the White House’s Council on Environmental Quality".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ladwpnews.com/nancy-sutley-receives-women-in-sustainability-leadership-award-from-green-building-design-magazine/">Nancy Sutley Receives Women in Sustainability Leadership Award from Green Building & Design Magazine</a>". Los Angeles Department of Water & Power. October 5, 2016 (press release; 2016 archive). Retrieved February 4, 2018. "She is the immediate past Chair of the White House Council on Environmental Quality where she served from 2009 to 2014".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eilperin, Juliet (January 13, 2015). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/01/13/mike-boots-one-of-obamas-top-environmental-advisers-to-leave-in-march/">Mike Boots, one of Obama’s top environmental advisers, to leave in March</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018. States that Boots "served as the Council on Environmental Quality's acting head since February 2014".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eilperin, Juliet (February 6, 2015). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/02/06/meet-christy-goldfuss-the-newest-environmental-player-in-the-white-house/">Meet Christy Goldfuss, the newest environmental player in the White House</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018. "Goldfuss ... will succeed Mike Boots as acting head of CEQ.... Boots is stepping down in March, and Republican opposition to the president’s environmental policies would make Senate confirmation of any CEQ chair nominee unlikely."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanprogress.org/press/release/2017/02/13/297094/release-cap-announces-former-ceq-managing-director-christy-goldfuss-to-serve-as-new-vice-president-for-energy-and-environment-policy/">CAP Announces Former CEQ Managing Director Christy Goldfuss to Serve as New Vice President for Energy and Environment Policy</a>" (press release). <a href="/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress" title="Center for American Progress">Center for American Progress</a>. americanprogress.org. February 13, 2017. 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on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders">Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_of_Advisors_on_Science_and_Technology" title="President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology">President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Intelligence_Advisory_Board" title="President's Intelligence Advisory Board">President's Intelligence Advisory Board</a>, <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Management_Advisory_Board" title="President's Management Advisory Board">President's Management Advisory Board</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Council of Economic Advisers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Council on Environmental Quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Digital_Service" title="United States Digital Service">Digital Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Residence" title="Executive Residence">Executive Residence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_White_House" title="Committee for the Preservation of the White House">Committee for the Preservation of the White House</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Curator" title="White House Office of the Curator">Office of the Curator</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Usher" title="White House Chief Usher">Office of the Chief Usher</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Floral_Designer" title="White House Chief Floral Designer">Office of the Chief Floral Designer</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Executive_Chef" title="White House Executive Chef">Office of the Executive Chef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphics_and_Calligraphy_Office" title="Graphics and Calligraphy Office">Graphics and Calligraphy Office</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Council" title="National Space Council">National Space Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_Deputies_Committee" title="National Security Council Deputies Committee">Deputies Committee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Homeland_Security_Council" title="United States Homeland Security Council">Homeland Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Administration" title="Office of Administration">Office of Administration</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Mail_and_Messenger_Operations" title="White House Office of Mail and Messenger Operations">Office of Mail and Messenger Operations</a>, Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Office of the Chief Administrative Officer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_Performance_Officer_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Performance Officer of the United States">Office of the Chief Performance Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_E-Government_%26_Information_Technology" title="Office of E-Government & Information Technology">Office of E-Government and Information Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Federal_Financial_Management" title="Office of Federal Financial Management">Office of Federal Financial Management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Information_and_Regulatory_Affairs" title="Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs">Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy">Office of National Drug Control Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_Technology_Officer_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Technology Officer of the United States">Office of the Chief Technology Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Science_and_Technology_Council" title="National Science and Technology Council">National Science and Technology Council</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Office of the Trade Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Office of the Vice President of the United States">Office of the Vice President</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_to_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States">Office of the Chief of Staff</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States_2014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office" title="White House Office">White House Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Cabinet_Secretary" title="White House Cabinet Secretary">Office of Cabinet Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">Office of the Chief of Staff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Office of Senior Advisors</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">Office of Communications</a> (Office of Media Affairs, Office of Research, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Press_Secretary" title="White House Office of the Press Secretary">Office of the Press Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Director_of_Speechwriting" title="White House Director of Speechwriting">Office of Speechwriting</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a></li> <li>Office of Digital Strategy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Domestic_Policy_Council" title="United States Domestic Policy Council">Domestic Policy Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Faith-Based_and_Neighborhood_Partnerships" title="White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships">Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_AIDS_Policy" title="Office of National AIDS Policy">Office of National AIDS Policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Social_Innovation_and_Civic_Participation" title="Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation">Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Rural_Council" title="White House Rural Council">Rural Council</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Fellows" title="White House Fellows">Fellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="Office of the First Lady of the United States">First Lady</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Social_Secretary" title="White House Social Secretary">Office of the Social Secretary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">Office of the National Security Advisor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Advisor" title="Homeland Security Advisor">Homeland Security Advisor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Gun_Violence_Prevention" title="White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention">Gun Violence Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Intergovernmental_Affairs" title="White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs">Intergovernmental Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Director_of_Legislative_Affairs" title="White House Director of Legislative Affairs">Legislative Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Management_and_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Office of Management and Administration">Management and Administration</a> (White House Operations, White House Personnel, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Visitors_Office" title="White House Visitors Office">Visitors Office</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_Council_(United_States)" title="National Economic Council (United States)">National Economic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_National_Trade_Council" title="White House National Trade Council">National Trade Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_Operations" title="Oval Office Operations">Oval Office Operations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Secretary to the President of the United States">Personal Secretary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Political_Director" title="White House Political Director">Office of Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Innovation_Fellows" title="Presidential Innovation Fellows">Presidential Innovation Fellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Presidential_Personnel" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Office of Presidential Personnel">Presidential Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Engagement_(White_House)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Public Engagement (White House)">Public Engagement</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Council_on_Women_and_Girls" title="White House Council on Women and Girls">Council on Women and Girls</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Jewish_Liaison" title="White House Jewish Liaison">Jewish Liaison</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Urban_Affairs" title="White House Office of Urban Affairs">Urban Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Scheduling_and_Advance" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Office of Scheduling and Advance">Scheduling and Advance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Staff_Secretary" title="White House Office of the Staff Secretary">Staff Secretary</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Executive_Clerk" title="White House Office of the Executive Clerk">Executive Clerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Presidential_Correspondence" title="White House Office of Presidential Correspondence">Presidential Correspondence</a>, Office of Records Management)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Military_Office" title="White House Military Office">Military Office</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Agency" title="White House Communications Agency">Communications Agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Medical_Unit" title="White House Medical Unit">Medical Unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Food_Service" title="Presidential Food Service">Presidential Food Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Transportation_Agency" title="White House Transportation Agency">Transportation Agency</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Template:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Template talk:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">United States government agencies</a> involved in <a href="/wiki/Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">environmental science</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._Global_Change_Research_Program" title="U.S. Global Change Research Program">Global Change Research Program</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ocean_Energy_Management" title="Bureau of Ocean Energy Management">Bureau of Ocean Energy Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">Bureau of Reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Insular and International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Surface_Mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Surface Mining">Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation, and Enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">Geodetic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">Marine Fisheries Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ocean_Service" title="National Ocean Service">Ocean Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Research" title="Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research">Oceanic and Atmospheric Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">Weather Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy</a></li> <li>Office of Environmental Management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">National Laboratories and Technology Centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Service_Agency" title="Farm Service Agency">Farm Service Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Nutrition_Service" title="Food and Nutrition Service">Food and Nutrition Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agricultural_Service" title="Foreign Agricultural Service">Foreign Agricultural Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">Natural Resources Conservation Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Water_and_Climate_Center" title="National Water and Climate Center">National Water and Climate Center</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Utilities_Service" title="Rural Utilities Service">Rural Utilities Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">Forest Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Directorate_for_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="DHS Directorate for Science and Technology">Science and Technology Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health <br />and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Environmental_Health_Sciences" title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">Air Force Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Typhoon_Warning_Center" title="Joint Typhoon Warning Center">Joint Typhoon Warning Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Research" title="Office of Naval Research">Office of Naval Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research,_Development_and_Engineering_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command">Combat Capabilities Development Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Domestic_Climate_Policy" title="White House Office of Domestic Climate Policy">Climate Policy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_on_Clean_Energy_Innovation_and_Implementation" title="White House Office on Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation">Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Presidential_Envoy_for_Climate" title="U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate">U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Council on Environmental Quality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science_Services_Administration" title="Environmental Science Services Administration">Environmental Science Services Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_Commission" title="United States Fish Commission">United States Fish Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey">United States Coast and Geodetic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Energy_and_Climate_Change_Policy" title="White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy">White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Richard_Nixon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Richard_Nixon" title="Template:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Richard_Nixon" title="Template talk:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Richard_Nixon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Richard Nixon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Richard_Nixon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">37th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1969–1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">36th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1953–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_California" title="List of United States senators from California">from California</a> (1950–1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="California's 12th congressional district">CA–12</a> (1947–1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="First inauguration of Richard Nixon">First inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Second inauguration of Richard Nixon">Second inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bring_Us_Together" title="Bring Us Together">Bring Us Together</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixonomics" title="Nixonomics">Economic policies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_shock" title="Nixon shock">Nixon shock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_Baby_Option" class="mw-redirect" title="Tar Baby Option">Tar Baby Option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reorganization_Plan_No._3" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganization Plan No. 3">creation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Nixon_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Space exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Cancer">1971 National Cancer Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Menu" title="Operation Menu">Cambodian bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords" title="Paris Peace Accords">Paris Peace Accords</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Peace_with_Honor" title="Peace with Honor">Peace with Honor</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamization" title="Vietnamization">Vietnamization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_majority" title="Silent majority">Silent majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1962%E2%80%931979)" title="Cold War (1962–1979)">Cold War period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linkage_(policy)" title="Linkage (policy)">Linkage policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Drug_Abuse_Prevention_and_Control_Act_of_1970" title="Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970">Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_visit_to_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="Richard Nixon's visit to the Lincoln Memorial">1970 Lincoln Memorial visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit to China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Shanghai Communiqué">Shanghai Communiqué</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Summit_(1972)" title="Moscow Summit (1972)">1972 Moscow Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">SALT I Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War">Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_Test_Ban_Treaty" title="Threshold Test Ban Treaty">Threshold Test Ban Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973" title="Endangered Species Act of 1973">Endangered Species Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafer_Commission" title="Shafer Commission">National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration#History_and_mandate" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Richard_Nixon_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Richard Nixon administration">Cannabis policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon%27s_Enemies_List" title="Nixon's Enemies List">Enemies List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_list_of_Nixon%27s_political_opponents" title="Master list of Nixon's political opponents">list of opponents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_CHAOS" title="Operation CHAOS">Operation CHAOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Watergate_scandal" title="Timeline of the Watergate scandal">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_White_House_tapes" title="Nixon White House tapes">White House tapes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Nixon" title="United States v. Nixon">United States v. Nixon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Watergate_Committee" title="United States Senate Watergate Committee">Senate Watergate Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_process_against_Richard_Nixon" title="Impeachment process against Richard Nixon">impeachment process</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_am_not_a_crook" class="mw-redirect" title="I am not a crook">I am not a crook</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal#Resignation" title="Watergate scandal">Resignation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_resignation_speech" title="Richard Nixon's resignation speech">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Pardon of Richard Nixon">Pardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1970 State of the Union Address">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1971 State of the Union Address">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1972 State of the Union Address">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1973 State of the Union Address">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1974 State of the Union Address">1974</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_desk" title="Wilson desk">Wilson desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Richard Nixon Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Richard Nixon judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Richard_Milhous_Nixon/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Richard Milhous Nixon/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Richard_Milhous_Nixon/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Richard Milhous Nixon/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Foundation" title="Richard Nixon Foundation">Richard Nixon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthplace_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Birthplace of Richard Nixon">Birthplace and boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkers_speech" title="Checkers speech">Checkers speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Richard_Nixon%27s_motorcade" title="Attack on Richard Nixon's motorcade">1958 motorcade attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_40" title="Operation 40">Operation 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_November_1962_press_conference" title="Richard Nixon's November 1962 press conference">"Last press conference"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida White House">Florida White House</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/La_Casa_Pacifica" title="La Casa Pacifica">La Casa Pacifica</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Nixon Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nixon_v._General_Services_Administration" title="Nixon v. General Services Administration">Nixon v. General Services Administration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Death and state funeral of Richard Nixon">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Six_Crises" title="Six Crises"><i>Six Crises</i> (1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Bibliography of Richard Nixon">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Electoral history of Richard Nixon">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>U.S. House of Representatives: <a href="/wiki/1946_California%27s_12th_congressional_district_election" title="1946 California's 12th congressional district election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">1948</a></li> <li>U.S. Senate: <a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1950 United States Senate election in California">1950</a></li> <li>California gubernatorial election: <a href="/wiki/1962_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 California gubernatorial election">1962</a></li> <li>GOP presidential primaries: <a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Republican Party presidential primaries">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">1972</a></li> <li>GOP national conventions: <a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">1972</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1972_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1972 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential elections: <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1960 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Cultural depictions of Richard Nixon">Popular<br />culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Nixon_goes_to_China" title="Nixon goes to China">Nixon goes to China</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millhouse_(film)" title="Millhouse (film)"><i>Millhouse</i> (1971 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_with_Richard_Nixon" title="An Evening with Richard Nixon">An Evening with Richard Nixon</a></i> (1972 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_(film)" title="Richard (film)">Richard</a></i> (1972 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Nice_Mess" title="Another Nice Mess">Another Nice Mess</a></i> (1972 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_More_Years" title="Four More Years"><i>Four More Years</i> (1972 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeach_the_President" title="Impeach the President"><i>Impeach the President</i> (1973 song)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Werewolf_of_Washington" title="The Werewolf of Washington">The Werewolf of Washington</a></i> (1973 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Madness" title="White House Madness"><i>White House Madness</i> (1975 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_President%27s_Men_(film)" title="All the President's Men (film)"><i>All the President's Men</i> (1976 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Public_Burning" title="The Public Burning">The Public Burning</a></i> (1977 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington:_Behind_Closed_Doors" title="Washington: Behind Closed Doors">Washington: Behind Closed Doors</a></i> (1977 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Honor" title="Secret Honor"><i>Secret Honor</i> (1984 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_in_China" title="Nixon in China"><i>Nixon in China</i> (1987 opera)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Days_(1989_film)" title="The Final Days (1989 film)">The Final Days</a></i> (1989 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_(film)" title="Nixon (film)"><i>Nixon</i> (1995 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Meets_Nixon" title="Elvis Meets Nixon"><i>Elvis Meets Nixon</i> (1997 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Futurama_characters#Richard_Nixon" title="List of Futurama characters">Futurama</a></i> (1999 TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_(film)" title="Dick (film)"><i>Dick</i> (1999 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nixon%27s_China_Game" title="Nixon's China Game">Nixon's China Game</a></i> (2000 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Side_of_the_Moon_(2002_film)" title="Dark Side of the Moon (2002 film)">Dark Side of the Moon</a></i> (2002 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Richard_Nixon" title="The Assassination of Richard Nixon">The Assassination of Richard Nixon</a></i> (2004 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_interviews" title="Nixon interviews">Frost–Nixon interviews</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frost/Nixon_(play)" title="Frost/Nixon (play)">2006 play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frost/Nixon_(film)" title="Frost/Nixon (film)">2008 film</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Dynamite" title="Black Dynamite">Black Dynamite</a></i> (2009 film)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Impossible_Astronaut" title="The Impossible Astronaut">The Impossible Astronaut</a>" (2011 TV episode)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Nixon" title="Our Nixon"><i>Our Nixon</i> (2013 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men:_Days_of_Future_Past" title="X-Men: Days of Future Past">X-Men: Days of Future Past</a></i> (2014 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crooked_(novel)" title="Crooked (novel)">Crooked</a></i> (2015 novel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_%26_Nixon" title="Elvis & Nixon"><i>Elvis & Nixon</i> (2016 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Post_(film)" title="The Post (film)">The Post</a></i> (2017 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Watergate_(board_game)" title="Watergate (board game)">Watergate</a></i> (2019 board game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Richard_M._Nixon" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Recordings_and_Materials_Preservation_Act" title="Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act">Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Townhouse" title="Presidential Townhouse">Presidential Townhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_mask" title="Richard Nixon mask">Richard Nixon mask</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Brennan" title="Jack Brennan">Jack Brennan</a> (aide de camp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Chotiner" title="Murray Chotiner">Murray Chotiner</a> (early campaign manager)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolo_Sanchez_(Nixon_staff_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manolo Sanchez (Nixon staff member)">Manolo Sanchez</a> (valet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mary_Woods" title="Rose Mary Woods">Rose Mary Woods</a> (secretary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Thelma "Pat" Ryan Nixon</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Nixon_Cox" title="Tricia Nixon Cox">Tricia Nixon Cox</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Nixon_Eisenhower" title="Julie Nixon Eisenhower">Julie Nixon Eisenhower</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nixon_Cox" title="Christopher Nixon Cox">Christopher Nixon Cox</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Eisenhower" title="Jennie Eisenhower">Jennie Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_A._Nixon" title="Francis A. Nixon">Francis A. Nixon</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Milhous_Nixon" title="Hannah Milhous Nixon">Hannah Milhous Nixon</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Nixon" title="Donald Nixon">Donald Nixon</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Nixon" title="Edward Nixon">Edward Nixon</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">← Lyndon B. Johnson</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Richard_Nixon" title="Category:Richard Nixon">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_environmental_law" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#BBDDCC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_environmental_law" title="Template:United States environmental law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_environmental_law" title="Template talk:United States environmental law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_environmental_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States environmental law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_environmental_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_environmental_law" title="United States environmental law">United States environmental law</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BBDDCC;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a><br /> decisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Missouri_v._Holland" title="Missouri v. Holland">Missouri v. Holland</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club_v._Morton" title="Sierra Club v. Morton">Sierra Club v. Morton</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Yankee_Nuclear_Power_Corp._v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council,_Inc." title="Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.">Vermont Yankee v. NRDC</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hughes_v._Oklahoma" title="Hughes v. Oklahoma">Hughes v. Oklahoma</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lujan_v._National_Wildlife_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation (page does not exist)">Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_the_Earth,_Inc._v._Laidlaw_Environmental_Services,_Inc." title="Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc.">Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw Environmental Services</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BP_P.L.C._v._Mayor_and_City_Council_of_Baltimore" title="BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore">BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BBDDCC;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" title="National Environmental Policy Act">NEPA</a> cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Students_Challenging_Regulatory_Agency_Procedures" title="United States v. Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures">United States v. SCRAP</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Edison_Co._v._People_Against_Nuclear_Energy" title="Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy">Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Gas_%26_Electric_Co._v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council,_Inc." title="Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.">Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transportation_v._Public_Citizen" title="Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen">Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Norton_v._Southern_Utah_Wilderness_Alliance" title="Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance">Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winter_v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council">Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monsanto_Co._v._Geertson_Seed_Farms" title="Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms">Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BBDDCC;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">CAA</a> cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Train_v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council,_Inc." title="Train v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.">Train v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chevron_U.S.A.,_Inc._v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council,_Inc." title="Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.">Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whitman_v._American_Trucking_Ass%27ns,_Inc." title="Whitman v. American Trucking Ass'ns, Inc.">Whitman v. American Trucking Associations</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Department_of_Environmental_Conservation_v._EPA" title="Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation v. EPA">Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation v. EPA</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transportation_v._Public_Citizen" title="Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen">Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_v._EPA" title="Massachusetts v. EPA">Massachusetts v. EPA</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Defense_v._Duke_Energy_Corp." title="Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp.">Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp.</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Electric_Power_Co._v._Connecticut" title="American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut">American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Utility_Air_Regulatory_Group_v._EPA" title="Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA">Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michigan_v._EPA" title="Michigan v. EPA">Michigan v. EPA</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HollyFrontier_Cheyenne_Refining,_LLC_v._Renewable_Fuels_Assn." title="HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining, LLC v. Renewable Fuels Assn.">HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining v. Renewable Fuels Association</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_v._EPA" title="West Virginia v. EPA">West Virginia v. EPA</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BBDDCC;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Resource_Conservation_and_Recovery_Act" title="Resource Conservation and Recovery Act">RCRA</a> cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Philadelphia_v._New_Jersey" title="City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey">City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Union_Co._v._United_States" title="Southern Union Co. v. United States">Southern Union Co. v. United States</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BBDDCC;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973" title="Endangered Species Act of 1973">ESA</a> cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority_v._Hill" title="Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill">Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lujan_v._Defenders_of_Wildlife" title="Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife">Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babbitt_v._Sweet_Home_Chapter_of_Communities_for_a_Great_Oregon" title="Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon">Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Ass%27n_of_Home_Builders_v._Defenders_of_Wildlife" title="National Ass'n of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife">National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weyerhaeuser_Company_v._United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service">Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_v._Sierra_Club" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club">United States Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BBDDCC;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">CWA</a> cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Riverside_Bayview" title="United States v. Riverside Bayview">United States v. Riverside Bayview</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solid_Waste_Agency_of_Northern_Cook_County_v._Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. Army Corps of Engineers">SWANCC v. Army Corps of Engineers</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Florida_Water_Management_District_v._Miccosukee_Tribe" title="South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe">South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S._D._Warren_Co._v._Maine_Board_of_Environmental_Protection" title="S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection">S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rapanos_v._United_States" title="Rapanos v. United States">Rapanos v. United States</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Ass%27n_of_Home_Builders_v._Defenders_of_Wildlife" title="National Ass'n of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife">National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Entergy_Corp._v._Riverkeeper_Inc." title="Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc.">Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc.</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coeur_Alaska,_Inc._v._Southeast_Alaska_Conservation_Council" title="Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council">Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sackett_v._Environmental_Protection_Agency_(2012)" title="Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency (2012)">Sackett v. EPA I</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Flood_Control_District_v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council,_Inc." title="Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.">Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Army_Corps_of_Engineers_v._Hawkes_Co." title="Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co.">Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co.</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Manufacturers_v._Department_of_Defense" title="National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense">National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/County_of_Maui_v._Hawaii_Wildlife_Fund" title="County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund">County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sackett_v._Environmental_Protection_Agency_(2023)" title="Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency (2023)">Sackett v. EPA II</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BBDDCC;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">CERCLA</a> cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Bestfoods" title="United States v. Bestfoods">United States v. Bestfoods</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guam_v._United_States" title="Guam v. United States">Guam v. United States</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BBDDCC;width:1%">Major<br /><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">federal legislation</a>,<br /> treaties,<br />and lower court<br />decisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park_Protection_Act" title="Yellowstone National Park Protection Act">Yellowstone National Park Protection Act</a> (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Act_of_1897" title="Organic Act of 1897">Forest Service Organic Administration Act</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_and_Harbors_Act_of_1899" title="Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899">Rivers and Harbors Act</a> (1899) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refuse_Act" title="Refuse Act">Refuse Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacey_Act_of_1900" title="Lacey Act of 1900">Lacey Act</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeks_Act" title="Weeks Act">Weeks Act</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_Fur_Seal_Convention_of_1911" title="North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911">North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeks%E2%80%93McLean_Act" title="Weeks–McLean Act">Weeks–McLean Act</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918" title="Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918">Migratory Bird Treaty Act</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke%E2%80%93McNary_Act" title="Clarke–McNary Act">Clarke–McNary Act</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Pollution_Act_of_1924" title="Oil Pollution Act of 1924">Oil Pollution Act</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McSweeney-McNary_Act_of_1928" title="McSweeney-McNary Act of 1928">McSweeney-McNary Act</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Coordination_Act" title="Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act">Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watershed_Protection_and_Flood_Prevention_Act_of_1954" title="Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954">Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Pollution_Control_Act_of_1955" title="Air Pollution Control Act of 1955">Air Pollution Control Act</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Act" title="Fish and Wildlife Act">Fish and Wildlife Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Pollution_Act_of_1961" title="Oil Pollution Act of 1961">Oil Pollution Act</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act</a> (1963, 1970, 1977, 1990) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Rain_Program" title="Acid Rain Program">Acid Rain Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scenic_Hudson_Preservation_Conference_v._Federal_Power_Commission" title="Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal Power Commission">Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal Power Commission</a></i> (2nd Cir. Court of Appeals, 1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Waste_Disposal_Act_of_1965" title="Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965">Solid Waste Disposal Act</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1969" title="Endangered Species Act of 1969">Endangered Species Act</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Quality_Improvement_Act" title="Environmental Quality Improvement Act">Environmental Quality Improvement Act</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" title="National Environmental Policy Act">National Environmental Policy Act</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water Act</a> (1972, 1977, 1987, 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Zone_Management_Act" title="Coastal Zone Management Act">Coastal Zone Management Act</a> (1972) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Zone_Management_Program" title="Coastal Zone Management Program">Coastal Zone Management Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Insecticide,_Fungicide,_and_Rodenticide_Act" title="Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act">Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Protection,_Research,_and_Sanctuaries_Act_of_1972" title="Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972">Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_Control_Act" title="Noise Control Act">Noise Control Act</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973" title="Endangered Species Act of 1973">Endangered Species Act</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Pollution_Act_of_1973" title="Oil Pollution Act of 1973">Oil Pollution Act</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Drinking_Water_Act" title="Safe Drinking Water Act">Safe Drinking Water Act</a> (1974, 1986, 1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act" title="Water Resources Development Act">Water Resources Development Act</a> (<a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_1974" title="Water Resources Development Act of 1974">1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_1976" title="Water Resources Development Act of 1976">1976</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_1986" title="Water Resources Development Act of 1986">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_1988" title="Water Resources Development Act of 1988">1988</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_1990" title="Water Resources Development Act of 1990">1990</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_1992" title="Water Resources Development Act of 1992">1992</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_1996" title="Water Resources Development Act of 1996">1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_1999" title="Water Resources Development Act of 1999">1999</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_2000" title="Water Resources Development Act of 2000">2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_2007" title="Water Resources Development Act of 2007">2007</a>, 2014, 2016, 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Noxious_Weed_Act_of_1974" title="Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974">Federal Noxious Weed Act</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_Materials_Transportation_Act" title="Hazardous Materials Transportation Act">Hazardous Materials Transportation Act</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnuson%E2%80%93Stevens_Fishery_Conservation_and_Management_Act" title="Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act">Magnuson–Stevens Act</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Conservation_and_Recovery_Act" title="Resource Conservation and Recovery Act">Resource Conservation and Recovery Act</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_Substances_Control_Act_of_1976" title="Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976">Toxic Substances Control Act</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Mining_Control_and_Reclamation_Act_of_1977" title="Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977">Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_Mill_Tailings_Radiation_Control_Act" title="Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act">Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">CERCLA (Superfund)</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Planning_and_Community_Right-to-Know_Act" title="Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act">Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Wetlands_Resources_Act" title="Emergency Wetlands Resources Act">Emergency Wetlands Resources Act</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Change_Research_Act_of_1990" title="Global Change Research Act of 1990">Global Change Research Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Education_Act" title="National Environmental Education Act">National Environmental Education Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Pollution_Act_of_1990" title="Oil Pollution Act of 1990">Oil Pollution Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Species_Prevention_and_Enforcement_Act_of_1992" title="Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992">Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Quality_Protection_Act" title="Food Quality Protection Act">Food Quality Protection Act</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_2005" title="Energy Policy Act of 2005">Energy Policy Act</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Independence_and_Security_Act_of_2007" title="Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007">Energy Independence and Security Act</a> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Coalition for Responsible Regulation, Inc. v. EPA</a></i> (D.C. Cir. Court of Appeals, 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Lautenberg_Chemical_Safety_for_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act">Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Water_Infrastructure_Act_of_2018" title="America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018">America's Water Infrastructure Act</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13990" title="Executive Order 13990">Louisiana v. Biden</a></i> (5th Cir. Court of Appeals, 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BBDDCC;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">Federal agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Council on Environmental Quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Surface_Mining_Reclamation_and_Enforcement" title="Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement">Office of Surface Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Global_Change_Research_Program" title="U.S. Global Change Research Program">U.S. Global Change Research Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BBDDCC;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Regulations</a><br /> and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_available_technology" title="Best available technology">Best available technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_suit" title="Citizen suit">Citizen suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_average_fuel_economy" title="Corporate average fuel economy">Corporate average fuel economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_Monitoring_Report" title="Discharge Monitoring Report">Discharge Monitoring Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effluent_guidelines" title="Effluent guidelines">Effluent guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_crime" title="Environmental crime">Environmental crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_statement" title="Environmental impact statement">Environmental impact statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">Environmental justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Executive Order 13432</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13990" title="Executive Order 13990">Executive Order 13990</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">LDV Rule</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximum_contaminant_level" title="Maximum contaminant level">Maximum contaminant level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ambient_Air_Quality_Standards" title="National Ambient Air Quality Standards">National Ambient Air Quality Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Climate_Assessment" title="National Climate Assessment">National Climate Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emissions_Standards_for_Hazardous_Air_Pollutants" title="National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants">National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Priorities_List" title="National Priorities List">National Priorities List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Source_Performance_Standards" title="New Source Performance Standards">New Source Performance Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Source_Review" title="New Source Review">New Source Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not-To-Exceed" title="Not-To-Exceed">Not-To-Exceed (NTE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PACE_financing" title="PACE financing">PACE financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Climate_Action_Plan" title="Presidential Climate Action Plan">Presidential Climate Action Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_Fuel_Standard_(United_States)" title="Renewable Fuel Standard (United States)">Renewable Fuel Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_know" title="Right to know">Right to know</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_608" title="Section 608">Section 608 Certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Significant_New_Alternatives_Policy" title="Significant New Alternatives Policy">Significant New Alternatives Policy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Climate" title="State of the Climate">State of the Climate</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Tailoring Rule</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_maximum_daily_load" title="Total maximum daily load">Total maximum daily load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxicity_category_rating" title="Toxicity category rating">Toxicity category rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_Mill_Tailings_Remedial_Action" title="Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action">Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5176561#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5176561#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122942208">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147175199">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1021486-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81038582">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121213483">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121213483">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36252676">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX235203">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/385882">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000251745&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260106705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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