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He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Meic_Torcaill" title="Meic Torcaill">Meic Torcaill</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> family of significance since the early twelfth century. Control of the wealthy coastal kingdom was bitterly contested during Ascall's <a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">floruit</a>, with members of his immediate family, as well as Islesmen and Irishmen, all securing power for brief periods of time. Throughout much of this period, however, the overlord of Dublin was <a href="/wiki/Diarmait_Mac_Murchada,_King_of_Leinster" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster">Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster</a>. In 1166, after the death of his close ally <a href="/wiki/Muirchertach_Mac_Lochlainn,_High_King_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, High King of Ireland">Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, High King of Ireland</a>, Mac Murchada was beset by his enemies. At this critical point of his reign, Mac Murchada lost the support of the Dubliners, which contributed to his expulsion from Ireland that year. Not long afterwards, however, he made his return with significant military assistance from mercenary English adventurers. In the latter half of 1170, Dublin itself fell to the combined forces of Mac Murchada and the powerful English magnate <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke">Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke</a>. With the collapse of the Norse-Gaelic kingdom, Ascall and the Dublin elite were forced to flee into what one source calls the "northern islands", a reference to either the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Earldom_of_Orkney" title="Earldom of Orkney">Earldom of Orkney</a>. About a year later, not long after Mac Murchada's death, Ascall attempted to regain his patrimony from the English. Unfortunately for himself, his invasion of Dublin ended in utter failure, and he was executed by the English governor of the town. Immediately following his fall, Dublin was besieged by a combined force of Irishmen and Islesmen. The town, however, remained firmly in the hands of the English; and before the end of the year, Dublin passed into the direct control of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry II, King of England">Henry II, King of England</a>, who converted it into an English royal town. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ascall_mac_Ragnaill_(map).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ascall_mac_Ragnaill_%28map%29.png/170px-Ascall_mac_Ragnaill_%28map%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ascall_mac_Ragnaill_%28map%29.png/255px-Ascall_mac_Ragnaill_%28map%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ascall_mac_Ragnaill_%28map%29.png/340px-Ascall_mac_Ragnaill_%28map%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1018" data-file-height="1513" /></a><figcaption>Locations relating to Ascall's life and times.</figcaption></figure> Ascall's father was <a href="/wiki/Ragnall_mac_Torcaill" title="Ragnall mac Torcaill">Ragnall mac Torcaill</a>, a man who may well have ruled as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Dublin">King of Dublin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> The men were members of the <a href="/wiki/Meic_Torcaill" title="Meic Torcaill">Meic Torcaill</a>, a substantial landholding kindred in the kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Several members of this <a href="/wiki/Norse-Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse-Gaelic">Norse-Gaelic</a> family held the kingship in the twelfth century. One such man was Ascall's uncle, <a href="/wiki/Brodar_mac_Torcaill,_King_of_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodar mac Torcaill, King of Dublin">Brodar mac Torcaill, King of Dublin</a>, who was slain in 1160.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> At the midpoint of the twelfth century, the kingdom was under the overlordship of <a href="/wiki/Diarmait_Mac_Murchada,_King_of_Leinster" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster">Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster</a>. The latter's ultimate overking, however, was <a href="/wiki/Muirchertach_Mac_Lochlainn,_King_of_Cen%C3%A9l_nE%C3%B3gain" class="mw-redirect" title="Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King of Cenél nEógain">Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King of Cenél nEógain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-combine2-36">[35]</a> The year after Brodar's death, numerous sources indicate that Mac Murchada, with a force of Dubliners in tow, formally rendered submission to Mac Lochlainn.<a href="#cite_note-submission1156-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[note 2]</a> In 1162, the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Ulster" title="Annals of Ulster">Annals of Ulster</a> reveals that Mac Murchada gained an almost-unprecedented authority over Dublin.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[note 3]</a> There is reason to suspect that his success stemmed from assistance received from Mac Lochlainn.<a href="#cite_note-C5-301=F2-40">[38]</a> The latter, for example, is recorded by the same source to have laid siege to the town within the year.<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> This military campaign may have been undertaken to counter the Dubliners' attempt to install <a href="/wiki/Gofraid_mac_Amla%C3%ADb,_King_of_the_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gofraid mac Amlaíb, King of the Isles">Gofraid mac Amlaíb, King of the Isles</a> to the kingship of Dublin, as recounted by the thirteenth- to fourteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Mann" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Mann">Chronicle of Mann</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[note 4]</a> The record of events during the mid part of the twelfth century suggests that Leinster-based overkings of Dublin enjoyed the cooperation of the indigenous leaders of Dublin, and the emergence of the Meic Torcaill during this period may well fit into such a context. When an indigenous ruler was not to be found, however, the Dubliners seem to have sought leadership from the Isles, rather than endure a non-Leinster overking, as evidenced by the attempt to install Gofraid.<a href="#cite_note-D5-167168=D1-4041-45">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[note 5]</a> Mac Murchada's considerable authority in Dublin at this point is evidenced by several ecclesiastical grants, foundations, and appointments.<a href="#cite_note-47">[42]</a> Furthermore, two major military operations undertaken by Dublin's forces in 1164 and 1165 may have been conducted under Mac Murchada's authority.<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> The latter campaign, recorded by the Annals of Ulster,<a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a> and the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century texts <a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Tywysogyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Brut y Tywysogyon">Brut y Tywysogyon</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brenhinedd_y_Saesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Brenhinedd y Saesson">Brenhinedd y Saesson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a> concerned naval manoeuvres off Wales, in the service of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry II, King of England">Henry II, King of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a> The former campaign, recorded by the Annals of Ulster,<a href="#cite_note-53">[48]</a> consisted of involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Renfrew" title="Battle of Renfrew">ill-fated invasion</a> of mainland Scotland, launched by <a href="/wiki/Somairle_mac_Gilla_Brigte,_King_of_the_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, King of the Isles">Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, King of the Isles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fall_of_Mac_Murchada_and_rise_of_Ua_Conchobair">Fall of Mac Murchada and rise of Ua Conchobair</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fall of Mac Murchada and rise of Ua Conchobair">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_chessmen_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of an ivory gaming piece depicting an armed warrior on horseback" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lewis_chessmen_04.JPG/170px-Lewis_chessmen_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lewis_chessmen_04.JPG/255px-Lewis_chessmen_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lewis_chessmen_04.JPG/340px-Lewis_chessmen_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">knight</a> gaming piece of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a>. In 1167, 1,000 mounted warriors from Dublin are said to have attended an assembly convened by the <a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a>.</figcaption></figure> Mac Lochlainn was slain in 1166,<a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a> leaving Mac Murchada to fend off his own enemies alone.<a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a> Other than Mac Murchada himself, another man making a bid for the <a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">high-kingship</a> was <a href="/wiki/Ruaidr%C3%AD_Ua_Conchobair" title="Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair">Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht</a>. Within the same year as Mac Lochlainn's demise, Ua Conchobair and his allies expulsed Mac Murchada from not only Dublin, but Ireland altogether. As such, Ua Conchobair was duly recognised as High King of Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-57">[52]</a> According to the seventeenth-century <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Annals of the Four Masters</a>, he had secured the cooperation of Dublin, and perhaps gained the kingship of the town itself, through a stipend of 4,000 cows.<a href="#cite_note-58">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[note 6]</a> In consequence, Dubliners formed part of Ua Conchobair's forces when he marched to <a href="/wiki/Drogheda" title="Drogheda">Drogheda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a>, where he forced the submissions of the kings of <a href="/wiki/King_of_Airgialla" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Airgialla">Airgialla</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Leinster" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Leinster">Leinster</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-61">[55]</a> In fact, Dublin appears to have formed a key part of Ua Conchobair's arsenal, and it is apparent that Mac Murchada was doomed without the support of this coastal-kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a> Certainly, the twelfth- to thirteenth-century <a href="/wiki/La_Geste_des_Engleis_en_Yrlande" class="mw-redirect" title="La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande">La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande</a> relates that Ascall ("MacTurkyl de Diveline") had abandoned his former overlord,<a href="#cite_note-63">[57]</a> and the eleventh- to fourteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Inisfallen" title="Annals of Inisfallen">Annals of Inisfallen</a> specify that Mac Murchada was only expulsed from Ireland after the Leinstermen and Dubliners had turned against him.<a href="#cite_note-64">[58]</a> Although Ua Conchobair appears to have allowed Mac Murchada to retain his patrimonial lordship of <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Chennselaig" class="mw-redirect" title="Uí Chennselaig">Uí Chennselaig</a>, the Annals of the Four Masters reveals that the Leinstermen and Dubliners assisted <a href="/wiki/Tigern%C3%A1n_Ua_Ruairc" title="Tigernán Ua Ruairc">Tigernán Ua Ruairc, King of Bréifne</a> in forcing Mac Murchada from this final vestige of authority and into exile.<a href="#cite_note-65">[59]</a> The following year, Ua Conchobair convened a great assembly at <a href="/wiki/Athboy" title="Athboy">Athboy</a>. The Annals of the Four Masters states that 13,000 horsemen attended the meeting — 1,000 of which were supplied from Dublin. One of the many rulers recorded to have attended this gathering is a certain Ragnall mac Ragnaill, styled tigerna Gall ("lord of the foreigners").<a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a> The latter's name and title suggest that he was either an otherwise unattested brother of Ascall, or else an annalist's mistake for Ascall himself.<a href="#cite_note-67">[61]</a> Meanwhile, after his expulsion from Ireland, Mac Murchada sought out Henry on <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">the Continent</a>, and gained permission to recruit military aid from the latter's subjects. In the autumn of 1167, Mac Murchada and his English allies arrived in Ireland, where they established themselves at <a href="/wiki/Ferns,_County_Wexford" title="Ferns, County Wexford">Ferns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a> Ua Conchobair responded by penetrating Uí Chennselaig in a campaign, recounted by the fourteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Tigernach" title="Annals of Tigernach">Annals of Tigernach</a>, that included military support from Dublin.<a href="#cite_note-69">[63]</a> With Mac Murchada temporally kept in check, a preoccupied Ua Conchobair allowed him to hold onto at least part of his patrimony.<a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrival_of_the_English_and_Dublin's_fall">Arrival of the English and Dublin's fall</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Arrival of the English and Dublin's fall">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diarmait_Mac_Murchada,_MS_700,_f56r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Diarmait_Mac_Murchada%2C_MS_700%2C_f56r.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="390" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="121" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of <a href="/wiki/Diarmait_Mac_Murchada" title="Diarmait Mac Murchada">Diarmait Mac Murchada</a>, on folio 56r of National Library of Ireland 700 (Expugnatio Hibernica), dating to circa 1200.<a href="#cite_note-71">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[note 7]</a></figcaption></figure> The situation in Ireland remained relatively unchanged until the arrival of a significant force of mercenaries in the summer of 1169, after which some of Mac Murchada's former vassals began to come over to his side.<a href="#cite_note-78">[71]</a> According to La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande, however, the kings of Uí Fáeláin and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Osraige" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Osraige">Osraige</a>, and Ascall—described by this source as the "lord" of Dublin—stubbornly refused to support Mac Murchada's cause.<a href="#cite_note-79">[72]</a> In an apparent show of force that may have been designed to keep the Dubliners onside, the Annals of the Four Masters states that Ua Conchobair led an army to Tara, where he was joined by the forces of the kings of <a href="/wiki/King_of_Ulaid" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Ulaid">Ulaid</a> and Airgialla, after which the combined army marched upon Dublin.<a href="#cite_note-80">[73]</a> The following year, however, saw the arrival of even more English support for Mac Murchada; and in August 1170, <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke">Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke</a> landed in Ireland and took <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a> by storm.<a href="#cite_note-81">[74]</a> Soon after, Clare married Mac Murchada's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Aoife_MacMurrough" title="Aoife MacMurrough">Aoife (or Aífe)</a>, and effectively became heir to kingship of Leinster and the overlordship of Dublin.<a href="#cite_note-82">[75]</a> Unsurprisingly, later in September, the combined forces of Mac Murchada and Clare marched on Dublin, where they confronted Ua Conchobair and his forces.<a href="#cite_note-83">[76]</a> If the account of the Annals of the Four Masters is to be believed, the Dubliners switched sides at this point, deserted the cause of Ua Conchobair, and further suffered an act of <a href="/wiki/Divine_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine justice">divine justice</a> as their town went up in flames.<a href="#cite_note-84">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[note 8]</a> On the other hand, the twelfth-century Expugnatio Hibernica specifies that, whilst negotiations were under way between the forces of Ua Conchobair and the coalition of Mac Murchada and Clare, an English force under the command of <a href="/wiki/Miles_de_Cogan" title="Miles de Cogan">Miles de Cogan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_le_Gros" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond le Gros">Raymond le Gros</a> successfully assaulted the town, and caused considerable carnage amongst the inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-87">[79]</a> Although the Annals of the Four Masters specifies that the Dubliners were slaughtered in their fortress, after which the English carried off their cattle and goods,<a href="#cite_note-88">[80]</a> Expugnatio Hibernica instead states that the majority of the Dubliners escaped the massacre and retained most of their possessions.<a href="#cite_note-89">[81]</a> The same source states that Ascall and the Dubliners managed to escape into the "northern islands".<a href="#cite_note-90">[82]</a> This term could well refer to <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[note 9]</a> On the other hand, it is also possible that the term refers to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a> or <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Mann</a>;<a href="#cite_note-94">[85]</a> if so, this source would appear to be evidence that the Dubliners had retained close links with the Isles.<a href="#cite_note-95">[86]</a> According to the version of events preserved by La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande, the coalition's conquest of Dublin took place on 21 September.<a href="#cite_note-96">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_defeat_and_death">Final defeat and death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Final defeat and death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_chessmen,_National_Museum_of_Scotland_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of an ivory gaming piece depicting an armed warrior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lewis_chessmen%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland_2.jpg/170px-Lewis_chessmen%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lewis_chessmen%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland_2.jpg/255px-Lewis_chessmen%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lewis_chessmen%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland_2.jpg/340px-Lewis_chessmen%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">rook</a> gaming piece of the so-called Lewis chessmen. The near contemporary Expugnatio Hibernica describes the men who followed Ascall in his ill-fated final attack as "iron-hearted as well as iron-armed".<a href="#cite_note-armour-97">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[note 10]</a></figcaption></figure> Within weeks of Mac Murchada's death at the beginning of May, Expugnatio Hibernica reveals that Ascall made his return to Dublin.<a href="#cite_note-99">[89]</a> The account of events recorded by Expugnatio Hibernica and La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande indicate that Ascall's forces consisted of heavily armoured Islesmen and Norwegians.<a href="#cite_note-100">[90]</a> The former source numbers Ascall's forces at sixty ships,<a href="#cite_note-101">[91]</a> whilst the latter gives one hundred.<a href="#cite_note-102">[92]</a> According to both sources, Ascall's followers included a notable warrior named "John the Mad",<a href="#cite_note-103">[93]</a> a figure who may or may not be identical to the Orcadian saga-character <a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Asleifsson" title="Sweyn Asleifsson">Sveinn Ásleifarson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[note 11]</a> According to La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande, the invaders made landfall at the "Steine", located on the southern bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Liffey" title="River Liffey">River Liffey</a>, and proceeded to encamp themselves outside the town's walls.<a href="#cite_note-114">[103]</a> Expugnatio Hibernica relates that they assaulted the walls of the eastern gate,<a href="#cite_note-115">[104]</a> a location that corresponds to St Mary's Gate, the focus of assault identified by La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande.<a href="#cite_note-116">[105]</a> Unfortunately for Ascall, the operation was an utter failure that resulted in his capture and death.<a href="#cite_note-117">[106]</a> Both sources relate that the town's defenders, led by Cogan and his brother Richard, successfully repulsed the invaders, slew John, and captured Ascall as he fled to his fleet.<a href="#cite_note-118">[107]</a> Expugnatio Hibernica reveals that Ascall's was to be spared and he had already paid a large ransom, but both this source, and La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande, report that Ascall was beheaded anyway on account of his vows to soon return with far more soldiers, retake his kingdom, and take bloody revenge against the Norman invaders.<a href="#cite_note-119">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[note 12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_de_Clare_%22Strongbow%22_(seal).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Richard_de_Clare_%22Strongbow%22_%28seal%29.png/220px-Richard_de_Clare_%22Strongbow%22_%28seal%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Richard_de_Clare_%22Strongbow%22_%28seal%29.png/330px-Richard_de_Clare_%22Strongbow%22_%28seal%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Richard_de_Clare_%22Strongbow%22_%28seal%29.png/440px-Richard_de_Clare_%22Strongbow%22_%28seal%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Seal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke">Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[110]</a> The device depicts a contemporary mounted <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infantry_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Infantry in the Middle Ages">footsoldier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[note 13]</a></figcaption></figure> The successive deaths of Mac Murchada and Ascall appear to have left a power vacuum in Dublin that others strived to fill. Immediately after Ascall's fall, Ua Conchobair had the English-controlled town besieged.<a href="#cite_note-133">[120]</a> Expugnatio Hibernica records that the High King and St. <a href="/wiki/Lorc%C3%A1n_Ua_Tuathail,_Archbishop_of_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorcán Ua Tuathail, Archbishop of Dublin">Lorcán Ua Tuathail, Archbishop of Dublin</a> sent for Gofraid and others in the Isles, asking them to blockade Dublin harbour by sea. According to the aforesaid source, "the threat of English domination, inspired by the successes of the English, made the men of the Isles act all the more quickly, and with the wind in the north-west they immediately sailed about thirty ships full of warriors into the harbour of the Liffey".<a href="#cite_note-134">[121]</a> Unfortunately for the Irish, Islesmen, and Dubliners, the blockade was ultimately a failure, and Dublin remained firmly in the hands of the English.<a href="#cite_note-135">[122]</a> Ascall was the last Norse-Gaelic King of Dublin.<a href="#cite_note-136">[123]</a> Before the end of the year, Clare relinquished possession to his own liege lord, Henry, who converted it into an English royal town.<a href="#cite_note-137">[124]</a> There is evidence post-dating Ascall's fall revealing that he gifted the church of St Brigid, and its surrounding lands, to the priory of the Holy Trinity (<a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin">Christ Church Cathedral</a>).<a href="#cite_note-138">[125]</a> A gardha or garð—Gaelic and Old Norse terms for a peasant settlement<a href="#cite_note-139">[126]</a>—is stated to have belonged to Ascall by Dublin's western gate.<a href="#cite_note-140">[127]</a> By 1190, the city gate at Nicholas Street was known in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman language</a> as porte Hasculf.<a href="#cite_note-141">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Since the 1990s, academics have accorded Ascall various personal names in English secondary sources: Ascall,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Asculf,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Asgall,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Áskell,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Askulf,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Askuluw,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Askulv,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Hasculf,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Haskulf,<a href="#cite_note-H1-10">[10]</a> and Höskuld.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Likewise, academics have accorded Ascall various patronyms and surnames in English secondary sources: Ascall mac Raghnaill mic Thurcaill,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Ascall mac Ragnaill,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Ascall mac Ragnaill meic Torcaill,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Ascall mac Ragnaill mic Turcaill,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Ascall Mac Torcaill,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Ascall Mac Turcaill,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Ascall mac Turcaill,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Asculf mac Torcaill,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Asculf Mac Torcaill,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Asgall mac Torcaill,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Asgall Mac Turcaill,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Áskell Ragavalsson,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Askulf Mac Turcaill,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Askulf mac Turcaill,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Hasculf Mac Thorkil,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> and Haskulf Thorgilsson.<a href="#cite_note-H1-10">[10]</a> The various forms in which Ascall's name is recorded in primary sources, such as <a href="/wiki/La_Geste_des_Engleis_en_Yrlande" class="mw-redirect" title="La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande">La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande</a> and Expugnatio Hibernica, may be evidence that his name corresponds to the <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> Höskollr or Askülfr, rather than Áskell.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> For example, the former source gives "MacTurkil Esculf",<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and "Hesculf",<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> whilst the latter source gives "Hasculphus".<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Another possibility is that the names recorded in the two sources represent the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> Æscwulf.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Sources such as the <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Annals of the Four Masters</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Tigernach" title="Annals of Tigernach">Annals of Tigernach</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Ulster" title="Annals of Ulster">Annals of Ulster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-submission1156-37">[36]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> It was likely Mac Murchada's domination of the Norse-Gaelic enclaves of Dublin and <a href="/wiki/Wexford" title="Wexford">Wexford</a> that earned him the sobriquet Diarmait na nGall ("Diarmait of the Foreigners"), rather than his later employment of English troops.<a href="#cite_note-C5-301=F2-40">[38]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> On the other hand, this episode concerning Gofraid and the Dubliners may have taken place in 1156/1157.<a href="#cite_note-combine2-36">[35]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> The Dubliners, therefore, appear to have preferred rulers of <a href="/wiki/Norse-Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse-Gaelic">Norse-Gaelic</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-D5-167168=D1-4041-45">[41]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> The following passages from a mid twelfth-century poem appear to encapsulate the sentiments of the contemporary Irish who endured the substantial financial burdens required for the sustentation of the warbands of their kings: "... iniquitous law and great arrogance in kings ... wicked lords likewise ... the needy, transitory king will subdue the miserable husbandman".<a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Scholars sometimes use the term "Ostmen" to denote the Dubliners and other Norse-Gaelic people of Ireland. The earliest form of the term in an Irish context dates to about 1173, several years after the English conquest of the Ireland's Norse-Gaelic settlements. The term, therefore, may well have been originally introduced by the conquering English incomers.<a href="#cite_note-72">[66]</a> In any case, the name still exists today as <a href="/wiki/Oxmantown" title="Oxmantown">Oxmantown</a>, an area of <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">modern-day Dublin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a> According to the twelfth-century <a href="/wiki/Topographia_Hibernica" title="Topographia Hibernica">Topographia Hibernica</a>, the Irish utilised <a href="/wiki/Battle-axe" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle-axe">battle-axes</a> in warfare, having originally adopted them from the Ostmen.<a href="#cite_note-74">[68]</a> This claim is backed up by archaeology, since contemporary Irish specimens are clearly based upon <a href="/wiki/Dane_Axe" class="mw-redirect" title="Dane Axe">Norse axes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-H2-511514-75">[69]</a> At one point, Expugnatio Hibernica advises the English that they "must never grow careless of the axes of the Irish".<a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Similarly, the Annals of Tigernach also note the firing of Dublin, although this source states that the Norse-Gaels assented to the burning, and sided with Mac Murchada against Ua Conchobair, whereupon the latter retired to Connacht without having battled.<a href="#cite_note-85">[78]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Orkney is located in a chain of islands known as the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a>. In Old Norse, these islands were known as Norðreyjar, as opposed to the Isles (the Hebrides and Mann) which were known as Suðreyjar ("Southern Islands").<a href="#cite_note-92">[84]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> The Lewis chessmen depict warriors armed with <a href="/wiki/Kite_shield" title="Kite shield">kite shields</a>.<a href="#cite_note-armour-97">[88]</a> This type began to replace <a href="/wiki/Viking_shield#Shields" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking shield">circular shields</a> in the eleventh century, although the date of its adoption in Ireland is uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-H2-511514-75">[69]</a> According to Expugnatio Hibernica the troops who supported Ascall's cause in this action were "armed in the Danish fashion, some having long <a href="/wiki/Breast-plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Breast-plate">breast-plates</a>, and others shirts of <a href="/wiki/Mail_(armour)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail (armour)">mail</a>; their shields were round, and coloured red, and were bound about with iron". Such shields may have been favoured for maritime operations.<a href="#cite_note-armour-97">[88]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande names Ascall's commander as "Johan le devé",<a href="#cite_note-105">[95]</a> which translates to "John the Wode"<a href="#cite_note-106">[96]</a> or "John the Mad".<a href="#cite_note-107">[97]</a> Expugnatio Hibernica describes him as "Johanne agnomine þe Wode, quod Latine sonat Insano, vel Vehementi, viri bellicosi ...",<a href="#cite_note-108">[98]</a> in which the nickname has also been interpreted as "mad".<a href="#cite_note-109">[99]</a> The Annals of Ulster name him as "Eoan Mear",<a href="#cite_note-110">[100]</a> which likewise translates to "John the Mad".<a href="#cite_note-111">[101]</a> According to the twelfth- to thirteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Orkneyinga_saga" title="Orkneyinga saga">Orkneyinga saga</a>, Sveinn was slain whilst raiding in Ireland at some point between 1165 and 1180.<a href="#cite_note-112">[102]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Ascall's capture and execution are not documented in the Irish sources that mark his downfall. Sources such as the Annals of the Four Masters, the Annals of Ulster, the sixteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Loch_C%C3%A9" title="Annals of Loch Cé">Annals of Loch Cé</a>, the Annals of Tigernach, and the fifteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Mac_Carthaigh%27s_Book" title="Mac Carthaigh's Book">Mac Carthaigh's Book</a>. These sources, instead, briefly report his demise in the context of defeat.<a href="#cite_note-120">[109]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> In contemporary or near contemporary sources, the incoming warriors recruited by Mac Murchada are overwhelmingly described as English.<a href="#cite_note-123">[111]</a> For example, Expugnatio Hibernica almost always describes them as English; so too does La Geste des Engleis en Yrlande, a source which uses the term "English" about eighty times, whilst using "<a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemings</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a>" in only one particular line.<a href="#cite_note-124">[112]</a> Despite the modern employment of terms such as "Normans", "<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Normans" title="Anglo-Normans">Anglo-Normans</a>"<a href="#cite_note-normans1-125">[113]</a> (itself an eighteenth-century construct),<a href="#cite_note-126">[114]</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Cambro-Normans" title="Cambro-Normans">Cambro-Normans</a>", contemporary sources virtually never use "Norman" in an Irish context.<a href="#cite_note-normans1-125">[113]</a> In fact, the term Normannaigh is never used by the Irish annals.<a href="#cite_note-127">[115]</a> Irish sources usually describe the men as "foreigners" and "grey foreigners", or else as Saxain ("Saxons" or "English").<a href="#cite_note-128">[116]</a> In consequence, it is apparent that contemporaries regarded the incomers as English.<a href="#cite_note-129">[117]</a> In the nineteenth century, however, during a period of intense and sensitive political debate, the term was dropped by historians and replaced with ahistorical terms.<a href="#cite_note-130">[118]</a> Even amongst modern historians there is still a reluctance to use "English".<a href="#cite_note-131">[119]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pg. 264 ch. 21; <a href="#R1">Royal MS 13 B VIII (n.d.)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="#N2">Naismith (2017)</a>; <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a>; <a href="#F10">French (2015b)</a>; <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a>; <a href="#W4">Woods (2013)</a>; <a href="#D14">Duffy (2011)</a>; <a href="#M4">Murphy (2009)</a>; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a>; <a href="#D3">Downham (2005)</a>; <a href="#D13">Duffy (2005a)</a>; <a href="#D8">Duffy (2005b)</a>; <a href="#M1">Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005)</a>; <a href="#O4">O'Byrne (2004)</a>; <a href="#O5">O'Byrne (2003)</a>; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>; <a href="#D16">Duffy (1997)</a>; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a>; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a href="#M1">Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005)</a>; <a href="#F7">Flanagan (2004a)</a>; <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a>; <a href="#M12">McMahon; Collins; Buckley; Butler (2002)</a>; <a href="#C1">Clarke (1993)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="#D11">Duffy (2015)</a>; <a href="#O6">Ó Corráin (n.d.)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="#D10">Duffy (2007b)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a href="#B40">Byrne (2008a)</a>; <a href="#O7">Ó Cróinín (2008)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="#D12">Davies (2014)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="#E1">Edmonds (2014)</a>; <a href="#M9">Martin (2008a)</a>; <a href="#G1">Gillingham (2004)</a>; <a href="#M11">Martin (1994)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="#S6">Sposato (2009)</a>; <a href="#O8">Ó Murchadha (1992–1993)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-H1-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-H1_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-H1_10-1">b</a> <a href="#H1">Heath (1989)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="#H4">Holm (2015)</a>; <a href="#H3">Holm (2000)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="#N2">Naismith (2017)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="#M1">Moody; Martin; Byrne (2005)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#V2">Veach (2014)</a>; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="#O5">O'Byrne (2003)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a>; <a href="#F10">French (2015b)</a>; <a href="#W4">Woods (2013)</a>; <a href="#D14">Duffy (2011)</a>; <a href="#M4">Murphy (2009)</a>; <a href="#D13">Duffy (2005a)</a>; <a href="#D8">Duffy (2005b)</a>; <a href="#O4">O'Byrne (2004)</a>; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>; <a href="#D16">Duffy (1997)</a>; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a>; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="#W4">Woods (2013)</a>; <a href="#M13">McDonald (2007b)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="#C1">Clarke (1993)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="#F7">Flanagan (2004a)</a>; <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a>; <a href="#M12">McMahon; Collins; Buckley; Butler (2002)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="#O6">Ó Corráin (n.d.)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#D11">Duffy (2015)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#V2">Veach (2014)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a href="#B40">Byrne (2008a)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#O7">Ó Cróinín (2008)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#O8">Ó Murchadha (1992–1993)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a href="#S1">Scott; Martin (1978)</a> p. 303; <a href="#M2">Marstrander (1915)</a> p. 48; <a href="#S4">Stokes (1905)</a> pp. 87 n. 20, 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> p. 120 § 1638; <a href="#S1">Scott; Martin (1978)</a> p. 303. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> p. 180 § 2466; <a href="#S1">Scott; Martin (1978)</a> p. 303. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a href="#A8">Anderson (1922)</a> p. 272 n. 4; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 263–265 ch. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#A8">Anderson (1922)</a> p. 272 n. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 178; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> p. 43 ill. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 165; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> pp. 166, 178; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> pp. 40, 43 ill. 1; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 125 n. 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-combine2-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-combine2_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-combine2_36-1">b</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 166; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-submission1156-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-submission1156_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-submission1156_37-1">b</a> <a href="#A1">Annals of the Four Masters (2013a)</a> § 1161.9; <a href="#A4">Annals of the Four Masters (2013b)</a> § 1161.9; <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 166; <a href="#T2">The Annals of Ulster (2012)</a> § 1161.4; <a href="#T3">The Annals of Tigernach (2010)</a> § 1161.6; <a href="#T1">The Annals of Ulster (2008)</a> § 1161.4; <a href="#A5">Annals of Tigernach (2005)</a> § 1161.6; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> p. 40; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 125. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 166; <a href="#T2">The Annals of Ulster (2012)</a> § 1162.5; <a href="#M3">Martin (2008b)</a> p. 62; <a href="#T1">The Annals of Ulster (2008)</a> § 1162.5; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> p. 40; <a href="#F2">Flanagan (2004c)</a>; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> p. 45; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-C5-301=F2-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C5-301=F2_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-C5-301=F2_40-1">b</a> <a href="#C5">Crooks (2005)</a> p. 301; <a href="#F2">Flanagan (2004c)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="#T2">The Annals of Ulster (2012)</a> § 1162.4; <a href="#T1">The Annals of Ulster (2008)</a> § 1162.4; <a href="#F2">Flanagan (2004c)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 166; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> p. 40; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> pp. 125–128; <a href="#A8">Anderson (1922)</a> pp. 230–231; <a href="#M5">Munch; Goss (1874)</a> pp. 66–69. </li> <li id="cite_note-D5-167168=D1-4041-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-D5-167168=D1-4041_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-D5-167168=D1-4041_45-1">b</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> pp. 167–168; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> pp. 167–168; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> p. 40; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a> p. 77; <a href="#F1">Flanagan (1998)</a> pp. 118–119; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> pp. 128–129. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="#F10">French (2015b)</a> p. 232; <a href="#B1">Byrne (2008b)</a> p. 23; <a href="#M3">Martin (2008b)</a> pp. 62–63; <a href="#D6">Duffy (2007)</a> p. 137; <a href="#C5">Crooks (2005)</a> p. 301; <a href="#F4">Flanagan (2005b)</a> p. 211; <a href="#F2">Flanagan (2004c)</a>; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> pp. 45–46; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a href="#F10">French (2015b)</a> p. 232; <a href="#T2">The Annals of Ulster (2012)</a> § 1165.7; <a href="#T1">The Annals of Ulster (2008)</a> § 1165.7; <a href="#D6">Duffy (2007)</a> pp. 133, 136; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> pp. 17–18. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 173, 173 n. 96; <a href="#D6">Duffy (2007)</a> pp. 136–137; <a href="#M15">McDonald (2007a)</a> p. 70; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> pp. 17–18; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 129; <a href="#R2">Rhŷs; Evans (1890)</a> p. 324; <a href="#W2">Williams Ab Ithel (1860)</a> pp. 202–203. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 173, 173 n. 96; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> pp. 17–18; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 129; <a href="#L1">Latimer (1989)</a> p. 537, 537 n. 72; <a href="#J22">Jones; Williams; Pughe (1870)</a> p. 679. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a href="#F10">French (2015b)</a> p. 232; <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 173, 173 n. 96; <a href="#B1">Byrne (2008b)</a> p. 23; <a href="#M3">Martin (2008b)</a> pp. 62–63; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> p. 45; <a href="#D6">Duffy (2007)</a> pp. 133, 136–137; <a href="#C5">Crooks (2005)</a> p. 301; <a href="#D7">Doherty (2005)</a> p. 353; <a href="#F4">Flanagan (2005b)</a> p. 211; <a href="#F2">Flanagan (2004c)</a>; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> pp. 17–18; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 129; <a href="#L1">Latimer (1989)</a> p. 537, 537 n. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="#T2">The Annals of Ulster (2012)</a> § 1164.4; <a href="#O1">Oram (2011)</a> p. 128; <a href="#T1">The Annals of Ulster (2008)</a> § 1164.4; <a href="#F5">Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)</a> p. 245; <a href="#M6">McDonald (1997)</a> p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a href="#O1">Oram (2011)</a> p. 128; <a href="#B1">Byrne (2008b)</a> p. 23; <a href="#D7">Doherty (2005)</a> p. 352; <a href="#F5">Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)</a> p. 245; <a href="#M6">McDonald (1997)</a> p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a href="#A1">Annals of the Four Masters (2013a)</a> § 1166.11; <a href="#A4">Annals of the Four Masters (2013b)</a> § 1166.11; <a href="#C5">Crooks (2005)</a>, pg. 301; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pg. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a href="#C5">Crooks (2005)</a>, pg. 301; <a href="#F3">Flanagan (2004d)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a href="#F3">Flanagan (2004d)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a href="#A1">Annals of the Four Masters (2013a)</a> § 1166.13; <a href="#A4">Annals of the Four Masters (2013b)</a> § 1166.13; <a href="#S5">Simms (1996)</a>, pg. 55; <a href="#O3">Ó Corráin (1996)</a>, pg. 50; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> pp. 129–130. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a href="#B1">Byrne (2008b)</a>, pg. 39; <a href="#O3">Ó Corráin (1996)</a>, pg. 50; <a href="#K1">Knott (1958)</a> pp. 65 § 31, 71 § 57. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a href="#A1">Annals of the Four Masters (2013a)</a> §§ 1166.13, 1166.14; <a href="#A4">Annals of the Four Masters (2013b)</a> §§ 1166.13, 1166.14; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pg. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a href="#N3">Ní Mhaonaigh (2018)</a>, pg. 154; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 78; <a href="#S5">Simms (1996)</a>, pg. 56; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pp. 130–131. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a> pg. 13 §§ 138–139; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> p. 12 §§ 138–139; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 78; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pg. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a href="#N3">Ní Mhaonaigh (2018)</a> p. 154; <a href="#A7">Annals of Inisfallen (2010)</a> § 1166.7; <a href="#A6">Annals of Inisfallen (2008)</a> § 1166.7; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 78; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pg. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a>, pg. 22; <a href="#A1">Annals of the Four Masters (2013a)</a> § 1166.16; <a href="#A4">Annals of the Four Masters (2013b)</a> § 1166.16; <a href="#O2">O'Byrne (2005)</a>, pg. 468; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 78; <a href="#O3">Ó Corráin (1996)</a>, pg. 52; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pp. 130–131. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <a href="#W4">Woods (2013)</a>, pg. 52; <a href="#A1">Annals of the Four Masters (2013a)</a> § 1167.10; <a href="#A4">Annals of the Four Masters (2013b)</a> § 1167.10; <a href="#F8">Flanagan (1997)</a>, pg. 64; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pg. 131. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pp. 131, 131 n. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a href="#F2">Flanagan (2004c)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a href="#T3">The Annals of Tigernach (2010)</a> § 1167.5; <a href="#A5">Annals of Tigernach (2005)</a> § 1167.5; <a href="#O2">O'Byrne (2005)</a> p. 468; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a> p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a href="#F3">Flanagan (2004d)</a>; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a> p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a href="#S1">Scott; Martin (1978)</a>, pg. xxxvii; <a href="#N1">National Library of Ireland MS 700 (n.d.)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a>, pg. 276 n. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a href="#H5">Harrison (2016)</a>, pg. 308; <a href="#H2">Halpin (2005)</a>, pp. 511–514; <a href="#F8">Flanagan (1997)</a>, pp. 72, 72 ill. 3.4; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a>, pp. 152–153 § 43; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a>, pp. 186–187 ch. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-H2-511514-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-H2-511514_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-H2-511514_75-1">b</a> <a href="#H2">Halpin (2005)</a>, pp. 511–514. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a href="#H2">Halpin (2005)</a>, pp. 511–514; <a href="#S1">Scott; Martin (1978)</a>, pg. 251; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a>, pp. 323–324 § 37; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a>, pp. 398–400 ch. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a>, pg. 65 §§ 838–845; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a>, pg. 124 §§ 838–845; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a href="#A1">Annals of the Four Masters (2013a)</a> § 1169.10; <a href="#A4">Annals of the Four Masters (2013b)</a> § 1169.10; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pg. 131. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <a href="#F7">Flanagan (2004a)</a>; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pg. 131; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pp. 78–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a href="#F7">Flanagan (2004a)</a>; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pp. 78–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a href="#D14">Duffy (2011)</a>; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a>, pg. 24; <a href="#A1">Annals of the Four Masters (2013a)</a> § 1170.13; <a href="#A4">Annals of the Four Masters (2013b)</a> § 1170.13; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pp. 131–132. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <a href="#T3">The Annals of Tigernach (2010)</a> § 1170.10; <a href="#A5">Annals of Tigernach (2005)</a> § 1170.10; <a href="#F8">Flanagan (1997)</a>, pg. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a>, pg. 24; <a href="#F7">Flanagan (2004a)</a>; <a href="#F6">Flanagan (2004b)</a>; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a> p. 79; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a>, pp. 213–225 § 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a href="#F10">French (2015b)</a>, pg. 228; <a href="#A1">Annals of the Four Masters (2013a)</a> § 1170.13; <a href="#A4">Annals of the Four Masters (2013b)</a> § 1170.13; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 79; <a href="#D16">Duffy (1997)</a>, pg. 68; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pg. 132. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <a href="#M13">McDonald (2007b)</a>, pg. 124; <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a>, pg. 285; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 79; <a href="#D16">Duffy (1997)</a>, pg. 68; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a>, pp. 46, 60; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pg. 132; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a>, pp. 213–225 § 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a>, pg. 157 n. 1; <a href="#M13">McDonald (2007b)</a>, pg. 124; <a href="#D8">Duffy (2005b)</a>, pg. 96; <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a>, pg. 285; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 79; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a>, pp. 213–215 § 17; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a>, pp. 256–258 ch. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a>, pg. 157 n. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a href="#M10">McDonald (2012)</a>, pg. 152. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <a href="#D8">Duffy (2005b)</a>, pg. 96; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a>, pg. 79; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pp. 132, 132 n. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a>, pp. 132, 132 n. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a>, pg. 24; <a href="#F2">Flanagan (2004c)</a>; <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a>, pg. 121 § 1626; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a>, pg. 120 § 1626. </li> <li id="cite_note-armour-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-armour_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-armour_97-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-armour_97-2">c</a> <a href="#M15">McDonald (2007a)</a> pp. 72–73; <a href="#M13">McDonald (2007b)</a> pp. 121–122; <a href="#M14">McDonald (2002)</a> pp. pp. 117–118 n. 76; <a href="#M11">Martin (1994)</a> pp. 132–133; <a href="#H1">Heath (1989)</a> p. 96; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a> pp. 219–221 § 21; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 263–265 ch. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <a href="#F10">French (2015b)</a> p. 227; <a href="#M13">McDonald (2007b)</a> p. 124; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> p. 46; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 132; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a> pp. 219–221 § 21; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 263–265 ch. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a> pp. 165, 167 §§ 2257–2272; <a href="#D10">Duffy (2007b)</a> p. 5; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> pp. 164, 166 §§ 2257–2272; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> p. 46; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 132; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a> pp. 219–221 § 21; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 263–265 ch. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a> p. 79; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a> pp. 219–221 § 21; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 263–265 ch. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a> p. 165 § 2260; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> p. 164 § 2260; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a> p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a> p. 167 §§ 2265–2266; <a href="#J1">Jones (2010)</a> p. 87, 87 n. 11; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> p. 166 §§ 2265–2266; <a href="#D10">Duffy (2007b)</a> p. 5; <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a> pp. 286–287; <a href="#W3">Weiss (1999)</a> p. 4; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> p. 46; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a> pp. 219–221 § 21; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 263–265 ch. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a href="#M10">McDonald (2012)</a> p. 160; <a href="#B3">Barrett (2004)</a>; <a href="#T5">Thomson (2008)</a> pp. 119–120; <a href="#H1">Heath (1989)</a> p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <a href="#D10">Duffy (2007b)</a> p. 5; <a href="#J1">Jones (2010)</a> p. 87 n. 11; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> p. 166 § 2265; <a href="#W3">Weiss (1999)</a> p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a> p. 167 § 2265; <a href="#J1">Jones (2010)</a> p. 87. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a href="#W3">Weiss (1999)</a> p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a href="#D10">Duffy (2007b)</a> p. 5; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 263–265 ch. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <a href="#D10">Duffy (2007b)</a> p. 5; <a href="#A8">Anderson (1922)</a> pp. 272–273 n. 4; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a> pp. 219–221 § 21; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 263–265 ch. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a href="#T1">The Annals of Ulster (2008)</a> § 1171.2; <a href="#B3">Barrett (2004)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a href="#T2">The Annals of Ulster (2012)</a> § 1171.2; <a href="#B3">Barrett (2004)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a href="#M10">McDonald (2012)</a> p. 160; <a href="#B3">Barrett (2004)</a>; <a href="#T5">Thomson (2008)</a> pp. 119–120; <a href="#A8">Anderson (1922)</a> pp. 236–239 n. 4; <a href="#V1">Vigfusson (1887)</a> pp. 219–221 §§ 116, 118; <a href="#A9">Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873)</a> pp. 190–192 §§ 111–112. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a> p. 167 §§ 2269–2272; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> p. 166 §§ 2269–2272; <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a> p. 287; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a> p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a href="#M9">Martin (2008a)</a> p. 82; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a> p. 79; <a href="#S1">Scott; Martin (1978)</a> pp. 76–77; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a> pp. 219–221 § 21; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 263–265 ch. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a> p. 167 § 2333; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> p. 170 § 2333; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a> p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a> p. 24; <a href="#D3">Downham (2005)</a> pp. 502–504; <a href="#M9">Martin (2008a)</a> p. 82; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 132. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a> p. 24; <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 157 n. 1; <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a> pp. 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179 §§ 2275–2454; <a href="#D10">Duffy (2007b)</a> p. 6; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> pp. 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178 §§ 2275–2454; <a href="#G1">Gillingham (2004)</a> p. 120; <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a> p. 287; <a href="#D4">Duffy (1998)</a> p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a> p. 24; <a href="#D12">Davies (2014)</a> p. 233 n. 65; <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 157 n. 1; <a href="#S3">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2011)</a> p. 181 §§ 2465–2472; <a href="#S2">Song of Dermot and the Earl (2010)</a> p. 180 §§ 2465–2472; <a href="#S6">Sposato (2009)</a> p. 37; <a href="#M13">McDonald (2007b)</a> p. 124; <a href="#G1">Gillingham (2004)</a> p. 120; <a href="#O4">O'Byrne (2004)</a> p. 115; <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a> p. 287; <a href="#O5">O'Byrne (2003)</a> p. 234; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a> pp. 219–221 § 21; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 263–265 ch. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <a href="#A1">Annals of the Four Masters (2013a)</a> § 1171.17; <a href="#A4">Annals of the Four Masters (2013b)</a> § 1171.17; <a href="#D5">Downham (2013)</a> p. 157 n. 1; <a href="#T2">The Annals of Ulster (2012)</a> § 1171.2; <a href="#M7">Mac Carthaigh's Book (2010a)</a> § 1171.2; <a href="#M8">Mac Carthaigh's Book (2010b)</a> § 1171.2; <a href="#T3">The Annals of Tigernach (2010)</a> § 1171.7; <a href="#A3">Annals of Loch Cé (2008)</a> § 1171.2; <a href="#T1">The Annals of Ulster (2008)</a> § 1171.2; <a href="#A2">Annals of Loch Cé (2005)</a> § 1171.2; <a href="#A5">Annals of Tigernach (2005)</a> § 1171.6; <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a> p. 287, 287 n. 54; <a href="#O8">Ó Murchadha (1992–1993)</a> p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a> p. 27; <a href="#S5">Simms (1996)</a> p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <a href="#B4">Bartlett (2010)</a> p. 34; <a href="#F9">Flanagan (2005a)</a> pp. 17–18; <a href="#G2">Gillingham (2000)</a> pp. 151–153. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a href="#G2">Gillingham (2000)</a> pp. 151–154. </li> <li id="cite_note-normans1-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-normans1_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-normans1_125-1">b</a> <a href="#S7">Smith (2018)</a> p. 11; <a href="#F13">Frame (2016)</a> pp. 115–116; <a href="#G3">Grant (2016)</a> p. 62; <a href="#B4">Bartlett (2010)</a> p. 34; <a href="#F9">Flanagan (2005a)</a> pp. 17–18; <a href="#G2">Gillingham (2000)</a> pp. 151–155, 152 n. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <a href="#V3">Vincent (2018)</a> p. 199; <a href="#B4">Bartlett (2010)</a> p. 34; <a href="#G2">Gillingham (2000)</a> p. vx. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <a href="#O8">Ó Murchadha (1992–1993)</a> p. 68. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <a href="#B4">Bartlett (2010)</a> p. 34; <a href="#F9">Flanagan (2005a)</a> pp. 17–18; <a href="#G2">Gillingham (2000)</a> pp. 152–153. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a href="#F9">Flanagan (2005a)</a> pp. 17–18; <a href="#G2">Gillingham (2000)</a> pp. 152–153. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a href="#B4">Bartlett (2010)</a> p. 34; <a href="#G2">Gillingham (2000)</a> p. 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <a href="#F13">Frame (2016)</a> pp. 116–117; <a href="#G2">Gillingham (2000)</a> pp. 153 n. 45, 157–158, 157 n. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a href="#O2">O'Byrne (2005)</a> p. 469; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> p. 46; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 132. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <a href="#N3">Ní Mhaonaigh (2018)</a> pp. 145–147, 147 n. 80; <a href="#W5">Wyatt (2018)</a> p. 797; <a href="#W6">Wyatt (2009)</a> p. 391; <a href="#M13">McDonald (2007b)</a> p. 124; <a href="#P1">Purcell (2003–2004)</a> p. 288 n. 59; <a href="#G2">Gillingham (2000)</a> p. 94; <a href="#D16">Duffy (1997)</a> p. 68; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> pp. 46–47, 59–60; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> pp. 132–133; <a href="#W1">Wright; Forester; Hoare (1905)</a> pp. 221–222 § 22; <a href="#D9">Dimock (1867)</a> pp. 265–266 ch. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a href="#F10">French (2015b)</a> p. 227; <a href="#O2">O'Byrne (2005)</a> p. 469; <a href="#D15">Duffy (1993)</a> p. 47; <a href="#D2">Duffy (1992)</a> p. 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a href="#N2">Naismith (2017)</a> p. 325; <a href="#D11">Duffy (2015)</a>; <a href="#H4">Holm (2015)</a>; <a href="#E1">Edmonds (2014)</a> p. 54; <a href="#D1">Downham (2007)</a> p. 33; <a href="#D3">Downham (2005)</a> pp. 502–504; <a href="#H3">Holm (2000)</a> p. 258. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a href="#F11">French (2015a)</a> p. 24; <a href="#D8">Duffy (2005b)</a> p. 96; <a href="#F7">Flanagan (2004a)</a>; <a href="#S5">Simms (1996)</a> p. 57; <a href="#O6">Ó Corráin (n.d.)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <a href="#E1">Edmonds (2014)</a> p. 54; <a href="#W4">Woods (2013)</a> p. 71; <a href="#M12">McMahon; Collins; Buckley; Butler (2002)</a> p. 69; <a href="#T4">The Twentieth Report (1888)</a> pp. 102–104 § 364. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a href="#H4">Holm (2015)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a href="#H4">Holm (2015)</a>; <a href="#H3">Holm (2000)</a> p. 258; <a href="#B2">Bugge (1904)</a> pp. 292–293; <a href="#T4">The Twentieth Report (1888)</a> p. 43 § 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <a href="#M12">McMahon; Collins; Buckley; Butler (2002)</a> p. 69. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Primary sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="A9" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, J; 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Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17863%2FCAM.7489">10.17863/CAM.7489</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1810%2F262248">1810/262248</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Economy+and+Authority%3A+A+Study+of+the+Coinage+of+Hiberno-Scandinavian+Dublin+and+Ireland&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1810%2F262248&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17863%2FCAM.7489&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAscall+mac+Ragnaill" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="W6" class="citation book cs1">Wyatt, D (2009). Slaves and Warriors in Medieval Britain and Ireland, 800–1200. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17533-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17533-4"><bdi>978-90-04-17533-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1569-1462">1569-1462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slaves+and+Warriors+in+Medieval+Britain+and+Ireland%2C+800%E2%80%931200&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=The+Northern+World%3A+North+Europe+and+the+Baltic+c.+400%E2%80%931700+AD.+Peoples%2C+Economics+and+Cultures&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1569-1462&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17533-4&rft.aulast=Wyatt&rft.aufirst=D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAscall+mac+Ragnaill" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="W5" class="citation book cs1">Wyatt, D (2018). "Slavery and Cultural Antipathy". In Pargas, DA; Roşu, F (eds.). Critical Readings on Global Slavery. Vol. 2. Leiden: Brill. pp. 742–799. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004346611_025">10.1163/9789004346611_025</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34661-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34661-1"><bdi>978-90-04-34661-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Slavery+and+Cultural+Antipathy&rft.btitle=Critical+Readings+on+Global+Slavery&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=742-799&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004346611_025&rft.isbn=978-90-04-34661-1&rft.aulast=Wyatt&rft.aufirst=D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAscall+mac+Ragnaill" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Ascall mac Ragnaill </div><div><a href="/wiki/Meic_Torcaill" title="Meic Torcaill">Meic Torcaill</a></div> Died: 1171 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Unknown<div style="font-size:90%">Last known title holder:</div><a href="/wiki/Brodar_mac_Torcaill" title="Brodar mac Torcaill">Brodar mac Torcaill</a> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Dublin">King of Dublin</a> ×1170 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Extinct </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Dublin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #ccbbff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dublin_Monarchs" title="Template:Dublin Monarchs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dublin_Monarchs" title="Template talk:Dublin Monarchs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dublin_Monarchs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dublin Monarchs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Dublin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dublin" title="Kingdom of Dublin">Kings of Dublin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Conung" title="Amlaíb Conung">Amlaíb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dmar" title="Ímar">Ímar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ivar_the_Boneless" title="Ivar the Boneless">Ivar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auisle" title="Auisle">Auisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfdan_Ragnarsson" title="Halfdan Ragnarsson">Albann</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oistin_mac_Amla%C3%ADb" title="Oistin mac Amlaíb">Oistin mac Amlaíb</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bárid">Bárid mac Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichfrith_mac_%C3%8Dmair" title="Sichfrith mac Ímair">Sichfrith mac Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitriuc_mac_%C3%8Dmair" title="Sitriuc mac Ímair">Sitriuc mac Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichfrith_Jarl" title="Sichfrith Jarl">Sichfrith Jarl</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BAniarann" title="Glúniarann">Glúniarann</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dmar_ua_%C3%8Dmair" title="Ímar ua Ímair">Ímar ua Ímair</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sihtric_989_1036_ruler_of_Dublin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sigtrygg Silkbeard (989–1029)"><img alt="Sigtrygg Silkbeard (989–1029)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sihtric_989_1036_ruler_of_Dublin.jpg/100px-Sihtric_989_1036_ruler_of_Dublin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sihtric_989_1036_ruler_of_Dublin.jpg/150px-Sihtric_989_1036_ruler_of_Dublin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sihtric_989_1036_ruler_of_Dublin.jpg/200px-Sihtric_989_1036_ruler_of_Dublin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1518" /></a><figcaption>Sigtrygg Silkbeard (989–1029)</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitric_C%C3%A1ech" title="Sitric Cáech">Sitric Cáech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofraid_ua_%C3%8Dmair" title="Gofraid ua Ímair">Gofraid ua Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Guthfrithson" title="Olaf Guthfrithson">Amlaíb mac Gofraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A1caire_mac_Gofraid" title="Blácaire mac Gofraid">Blácaire mac Gofraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofraid_mac_Sitriuc" title="Gofraid mac Sitriuc">Gofraid mac Sitriuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Cuar%C3%A1n" title="Amlaíb Cuarán">Amlaíb Cuarán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BAniairn" title="Glúniairn">Glúniairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivar_of_Waterford" title="Ivar of Waterford">Ímar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigtrygg_Silkbeard" title="Sigtrygg Silkbeard">Sigtrygg Silkbeard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echmarcach_mac_Ragnaill" title="Echmarcach mac Ragnaill">Echmarcach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dmar_mac_Arailt" title="Ímar mac Arailt">Ímar mac Arailt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echmarcach_mac_Ragnaill" title="Echmarcach mac Ragnaill">Echmarcach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murchad_mac_Diarmata" title="Murchad mac Diarmata">Murchad mac Diarmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarmait_mac_M%C3%A1el_na_mB%C3%B3" title="Diarmait mac Máel na mBó">Diarmait mac Máel na mBó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toirdelbach_Ua_Briain" title="Toirdelbach Ua Briain">Toirdelbach Ua Briain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofraid_mac_Amla%C3%ADb_meic_Ragnaill" title="Gofraid mac Amlaíb meic Ragnaill">Gofraid mac Amlaíb meic Ragnaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnall_mac_Murchada" title="Domnall mac Murchada">Domnall mac Murchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muircheartach_Ua_Briain" class="mw-redirect" title="Muircheartach Ua Briain">Muirchertach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnchad_mac_Domnaill_Remair" title="Donnchad mac Domnaill Remair">Donnchad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muirchertach_Ua_Briain" title="Muirchertach Ua Briain">Muirchertach</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godred_Crovan" title="Godred Crovan">Gofraid Crobán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnall_mac_Taidc" title="Domnall mac Taidc">Domnall mac Taidc</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnall_Gerrl%C3%A1mhach" title="Domnall Gerrlámhach">Domnall Gerrlámhach</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Barefoot" title="Magnus Barefoot">Magnús berfœttr</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnall_Gerrl%C3%A1mhach" title="Domnall Gerrlámhach">Domnall Gerrlámhach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarmait_mac_%C3%89nna_meic_Murchada" title="Diarmait mac Énna meic Murchada">Diarmait mac Énna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domnall_Gerrl%C3%A1mhach" title="Domnall Gerrlámhach">Domnall Gerrlámhach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toirdelbach_Ua_Conchobair" class="mw-redirect" title="Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair">Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nna_Mac_Murchada" title="Énna Mac Murchada">Énna Mac Murchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conchobar_Ua_Conchobair" title="Conchobar Ua Conchobair">Conchobar Ua Conchobair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conchobar_Ua_Briain" title="Conchobar Ua Briain">Conchobar Ua Briain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93ttar_of_Dublin" title="Óttar of Dublin">Ottir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnall_mac_Torcaill" title="Ragnall mac Torcaill">Ragnall</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93ttar_of_Dublin" title="Óttar of Dublin">Ottir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodar_mac_Torcaill" title="Brodar mac Torcaill">Brodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofraid_mac_Amla%C3%ADb" class="mw-redirect" title="Gofraid mac Amlaíb">Gofraid mac Amlaíb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ascall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>^ Disputed * Speculative</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&oldid=1246821783">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascall_mac_Ragnaill&oldid=1246821783</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1171_deaths" title="Category:1171 deaths">1171 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:12th-century_Irish_monarchs" 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