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Alvin B. Cardwell - Wikipedia
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Tennessee</a> – September 8, 1992, <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Tennessee" title="Kingston, Tennessee">Kingston, Tennessee</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Zollman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zollman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American experimental physicist, specializing in "thermionic and photoelectric emission of electrons from crystalline metals."<sup id="cite_ref-obitPT_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obitPT-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvin_B._Cardwell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A. B. Cardwell graduated in 1925 with a bachelor's degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chattanooga" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chattanooga">University of Chattanooga</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a> he graduated in physics with an M.S. in 1927 and a Ph.D. in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-obitPT_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obitPT-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Ph.D. thesis was published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1930 in Roane County, Tennessee, he married Edna Evangeline Zirkle. At <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a> he was an assistant professor from 1930 to 1935 and an associate professor from 1935 to 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-BioDictionary_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BioDictionary-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1936 he was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Kansas_State_University" title="Kansas State University">Kansas State University</a> (KSU) he was the head of the physics department from 1936 to 1944 and from 1946 to 1952. From 1944 to 1946 he was on leave absence to work on the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee" title="Oak Ridge, Tennessee">Oak Ridge, Tennessee</a>. During the late 1930s until his departure from Kansas in 1944 he was the volunteer weather observer for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Weather_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Weather Bureau">United States Weather Bureau</a>. From April 1939 to 1944 the official weather station was in the backyard of Alvin and Edna Cardwell's home at 1928 Humboldt Street in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan,_Kansas" title="Manhattan, Kansas">Manhattan, Kansas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zollman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zollman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After WW II, as head of KSU's physics department, Cardwell hired several young physicists with doctoral degrees. These physicists established physics research at KSU and in the late 1940s the department was authorized to grant M.S. and Ph.D. degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Zollman_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zollman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1952 to 1955 Cardwell was an associate dean<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in KSU's School of Arts & Sciences. In 1955 an illness made him incapable of continuing as associate dean. Upon his recovery he returned to the physics department and in 1957 resumed the departmental headship, continuing in that capacity until 1967. He remained a faculty member until 1972 when he retired as professor emeritus. In 1972, he and his wife returned to Tennessee.<sup id="cite_ref-Zollman_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zollman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had two children.<sup id="cite_ref-BioDictionary_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BioDictionary-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the 1950s, A. B. lobbied to get Physics a building in which it would be the main tenant (at that time, Physics shared Willard Hall with Chemistry). He oversaw all aspects of the design and construction of the new building that opened in 1963 which, later and fittingly, was named Cardwell Hall in his honor.<br />In 1956 Cardwell was named as the Distinguished Graduate Faculty member at KSU. He was the third person to receive this honor. In 1960 his undergraduate alma mater, now the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_at_Chattanooga" title="University of Tennessee at Chattanooga">University of Tennessee at Chattanooga</a>, awarded him an honorary Doctor of Sciences degree.<sup id="cite_ref-Zollman_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zollman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvin_B._Cardwell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCardwell1928" class="citation journal cs1">Cardwell, Alvin B. (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1085553">"The Photo-Electric and Thermionic Properties of Iron"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>14</b> (6): 439–445. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1928PNAS...14..439C">1928PNAS...14..439C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.14.6.439">10.1073/pnas.14.6.439</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1085553">1085553</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16577125">16577125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Photo-Electric+and+Thermionic+Properties+of+Iron&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=439-445&rft.date=1928&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1085553%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16577125&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.14.6.439&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1928PNAS...14..439C&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=Alvin+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1085553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardwell1929" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC522504">"Effects of a Crystallographic Transformation on the Photoelectric and Thermionic Emission from Cobalt"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>15</b> (7): 544–551. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1929PNAS...15..544C">1929PNAS...15..544C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.15.7.544">10.1073/pnas.15.7.544</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC522504">522504</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16587489">16587489</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+Crystallographic+Transformation+on+the+Photoelectric+and+Thermionic+Emission+from+Cobalt&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=544-551&rft.date=1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC522504%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16587489&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.15.7.544&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1929PNAS...15..544C&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=Alvin+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC522504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardwell1931" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1931). "Photoelectric and Thermionic Emission from Cobalt". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>38</b> (11): 2033–2040. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931PhRv...38.2033C">1931PhRv...38.2033C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.38.2033">10.1103/PhysRev.38.2033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Photoelectric+and+Thermionic+Emission+from+Cobalt&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2033-2040&rft.date=1931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.38.2033&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1931PhRv...38.2033C&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=Alvin+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardwell1931" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1931). "The Photoelectric Properties of Tantalum". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>38</b> (11): 2041–2048. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931PhRv...38.2041C">1931PhRv...38.2041C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.38.2041">10.1103/PhysRev.38.2041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Photoelectric+Properties+of+Tantalum&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2041-2048&rft.date=1931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.38.2041&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1931PhRv...38.2041C&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=Alvin+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardwell1935" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1935). "The Thermionic Properties of Tantalum". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>47</b> (8): 628–630. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1935PhRv...47..628C">1935PhRv...47..628C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.47.628">10.1103/PhysRev.47.628</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Thermionic+Properties+of+Tantalum&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=628-630&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.47.628&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1935PhRv...47..628C&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=Alvin+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardwell1942" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1942). "A Novel Method of Contact Photography". <i>American Journal of Physics</i>. <b>10</b> (3): 147–149. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1942AmJPh..10..147C">1942AmJPh..10..147C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1119%2F1.1990347">10.1119/1.1990347</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physics&rft.atitle=A+Novel+Method+of+Contact+Photography&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=147-149&rft.date=1942&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1119%2F1.1990347&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1942AmJPh..10..147C&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardwell1949" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1949). "Photoelectric and Thermionic Properties of Nickel". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>76</b> (1): 125–127. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1949PhRv...76..125C">1949PhRv...76..125C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.76.125">10.1103/PhysRev.76.125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Photoelectric+and+Thermionic+Properties+of+Nickel&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=125-127&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.76.125&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1949PhRv...76..125C&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=Alvin+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardwell1953" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1953). "Photoelectric Studies of Iron". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>92</b> (3): 554–556. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953PhRv...92..554C">1953PhRv...92..554C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.92.554">10.1103/PhysRev.92.554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Photoelectric+Studies+of+Iron&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=554-556&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.92.554&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1953PhRv...92..554C&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=Alvin+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFry,_R._K.Cardwell,_A._B.1962" class="citation journal cs1">Fry, R. K.; —— (1962). "Photoelectric Properties of Natural Uranium and Changes Occurring at Crystallographic Transformations". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>125</b> (2): 471–474. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1962PhRv..125..471F">1962PhRv..125..471F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.125.471">10.1103/PhysRev.125.471</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Photoelectric+Properties+of+Natural+Uranium+and+Changes+Occurring+at+Crystallographic+Transformations&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=471-474&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.125.471&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1962PhRv..125..471F&rft.au=Fry%2C+R.+K.&rft.au=Cardwell%2C+A.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvin_B._Cardwell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Zollman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zollman_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zollman_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zollman_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zollman_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zollman_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZollman,_Dean" class="citation web cs1">Zollman, Dean (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phys.ksu.edu/news/history/cardwell.html">"Alvin B. Cardwell"</a>. <i>Physics Department, Kansas State University</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Physics+Department%2C+Kansas+State+University&rft.atitle=Alvin+B.+Cardwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phys.ksu.edu%2Fnews%2Fhistory%2Fcardwell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span> (partially based on the 1993 obituary written by James C. Legg)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obitPT-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obitPT_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obitPT_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLegg1993" class="citation journal cs1">Legg, James C. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2808986">"Obituary. Alvin Boyd Cardwell"</a>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>46</b> (7): 103. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993PhT....46g.103L">1993PhT....46g.103L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2808986">10.1063/1.2808986</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Obituary.+Alvin+Boyd+Cardwell&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=103&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.2808986&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1993PhT....46g.103L&rft.aulast=Legg&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1063%252F1.2808986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999873617902121">"<i>Photo-electric and thermionic properties of metals</i> by Alvin B. Cardwell"</a>. <i>UW-Madison Libraries</i>. 1928.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UW-Madison+Libraries&rft.atitle=Photo-electric+and+thermionic+properties+of+metals+by+Alvin+B.+Cardwell&rft.date=1928&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.library.wisc.edu%2Fcatalog%2F999873617902121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BioDictionary-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BioDictionary_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BioDictionary_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCattell,_Jaques1949" class="citation book cs1">Cattell, Jaques (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ea9CC4lCicQC&pg=PA380"><i>American Men of Science: A Biographical Directory</i></a> (8th ed.). Lancaster, Pennsylvania: The Science Press. p. 380.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Men+of+Science%3A+A+Biographical+Directory&rft.place=Lancaster%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=380&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=The+Science+Press&rft.date=1949&rft.au=Cattell%2C+Jaques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEa9CC4lCicQC%26pg%3DPA380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous1936" class="citation journal cs1">Anonymous (1936). "Minutes of the St. Louis Meeting, December 31, 1935-January 2, 1936". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>49</b> (5). American Physical Society: 407–422. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1936PhRv...49..407.">1936PhRv...49..407.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.49.407">10.1103/PhysRev.49.407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Minutes+of+the+St.+Louis+Meeting%2C+December+31%2C+1935-January+2%2C+1936&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=407-422&rft.date=1936&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.49.407&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1936PhRv...49..407.&rft.au=Anonymous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Humboldt+St,+Manhattan,+KS+66502/@39.180551,-96.573304,1942m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x87bdd27e950f0a69:0xadf7528af12594fe!8m2!3d39.1805513!4d-96.5733043?hl=en-US">"Humboldt St, Manhattan, KS 66502"</a>. <i>google.maps/com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=google.maps%2Fcom&rft.atitle=Humboldt+St%2C+Manhattan%2C+KS+66502&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fplace%2FHumboldt%2BSt%2C%2BManhattan%2C%2BKS%2B66502%2F%4039.180551%2C-96.573304%2C1942m%2Fdata%3D%213m1%211e3%214m5%213m4%211s0x87bdd27e950f0a69%3A0xadf7528af12594fe%218m2%213d39.1805513%214d-96.5733043%3Fhl%3Den-US&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SHVRAQAAMAAJ&q=cardwell%2C+associate+dean"><i>Agricultural Research in Kansas, Biennial Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Report of the Director for the Biennium Ending June 30, 1955, Volume 17</i></a>. 1942. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agricultural+Research+in+Kansas%2C+Biennial+Report+of+the+Agricultural+Experiment+Station%2C+Report+of+the+Director+for+the+Biennium+Ending+June+30%2C+1955%2C+Volume+17&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1942&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSHVRAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dcardwell%252C%2Bassociate%2Bdean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlvin+B.+Cardwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐57488d5c7d‐77mk5 Cached time: 20241128031102 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.273 seconds Real time usage: 0.378 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 905/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31780/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1093/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45585/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.182/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5090129/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 352.022 1 -total 40.07% 141.043 11 Template:Cite_journal 31.77% 111.837 1 Template:Short_description 13.96% 49.139 2 Template:Pagetype 12.78% 45.003 1 Template:Authority_control 8.40% 29.582 3 Template:Main_other 7.45% 26.231 1 Template:SDcat 4.78% 16.843 3 Template:Cite_web 3.07% 10.813 1 Template:Blockquote 2.94% 10.362 2 Template:Cite_book --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:71375441:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128031102 and revision id 1233312956. 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