CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914a4573cd3cce06',cH: 'XOGJCEdipGbiVR8UPgiXf0x7m_nLLiWgmQKTeusDYL0-1740010202-1.2.1.1-AfXP2GgyzjD795dve3_JighGZ69nKEU3I7fBCoDLvxOXyO9_7IwGQ_eMNvhTC8qn',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=maternal%20gatekeeping&__cf_chl_tk=ar3nize_wI3RQmfPgphQGVm3MxDpAqKx7UmZfwC0avg-1740010202-1.0.1.1-k46VkmXch3bNLCJwG6n.OxWh2y9.8W31Mi2LZtHCmMM",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740010202',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=maternal%20gatekeeping&__cf_chl_f_tk=ar3nize_wI3RQmfPgphQGVm3MxDpAqKx7UmZfwC0avg-1740010202-1.0.1.1-k46VkmXch3bNLCJwG6n.OxWh2y9.8W31Mi2LZtHCmMM",md: "NSfBuyAazPcVpOcXuUMe0wIwlcpR5KZuvM3sDsuJ7MQ-1740010202-1.2.1.1-dE0sb4ZvytsRVatx8EMer1DgkosX5R6kbr6q4rBObB.1lVKPGrDgX3oJOuOp9N_N9cDRl87ulrdlh2XVQlB6vnCQbNX3GAXU39_.5zpDOo9WW._PZVd3K_rHDfJDisq6Pqsns0ZGxdwiKgzsjEztta.SXlwhBypwUYUFAAgDxU3xBbFyh33Mh_LxQ4Az0v65ouz3eLxMjvE46KfmoCxz2NbZ6Pr2SIqfq1uUL9f7UShY.bcPvUs4Fc.E2NNNhhe3c6y1HKUVXLz7D6Nza4zsimo5zqqSYjNFRjk0S12rtrVd02PMzLgbPLVfRM2NzkY.eAjO2OHzLemCY5WZXOTPlBSo6HQ.3u6kmrcQy8aMqNiSCyO60pvKzlQAcBnHPUdu8zzq.OSlDMmNBpp7LdsG7JIVYBjxv8kPD9S6BwxCpS.9d_z8kgUzgU.ts.rJmu47iCxRKp0kE.mHShxv6NoQ7lJwCH7hw0KHqzpr_sdYSC_3yyEsMUCXT0P1q7zu1cMEJPyuJO1mNHVLaw30njlcR0udxcQEDZ1qLs8bplyNezKEoC1J53Z2ZDMdQCmjVJZLDeUAOPksGTjuGPg5gIB_FaPJr5m3Ppwn3Z93dvVrG7aZl2ES0xYcjH6hlI00P7u2DKdUKQ4Ho2mAsxShadBq2wtdquG296njh_K5ZrDXB5nK6lrkKuNJUZ8CN8ghej9y2KyNQVD3oRO02a168jsgNquQilI907qk_I_rKs9tXW4sLduvDxdBbIIn_Od_MoVXFwWJezL4kX9Ygu8DMXY26i3B5z_JIlAl1iIy3oPsntmNxjdEwUmWBKBfdOIGAd_SGPcCIGGSE7malr5BeWtIXBuClVp41iY9MbI.fk92Sa0FEwsf8GO0VGT871jT6Yc5nK74xH78N12Hz9TxVW6R.lkI_bEVV1FY580jnZtc2R.QN4ivUR1pAU.BPfzW2ihMjFDyjnCcARjoe1nZYn4D4qlQ9XPwAYd3J9VTYIfYW4rQysiF8lE978Nf0hSxFXOaU2AyRdHtylGdOn1HlpSusUGvaaaie5BaI_WspTBgPOjZDQnSGLPWa3YL5A4MrsU_f7gfj79uhFpLJf0jzV8rt4uNtctNix8ZVhLVuegE9BfSrFNSlNg_CgqZ2q3DAJtv1BUueaDskzJ4wYwT8s2atvXzWf74tdzovNWPBf3Kf9OD1aP_hpm8yRzl3ecjsU_H_nOZ18pTqLGvWyJiZEyHVTs4jlf5mPjloWoObmHswQeMqqJzccd6nvYbEo3oGc0FrivmkDI56Q_rrgF3Bm_0qaIxzAeX3zpRD4plM_PVXBKN13Y1IluiqGF2vQHUDfBcBMxxANsKCGUUWZoTNetYBjgNbBO4IsjDRjmpcbjuMyFg6os23BviaW.m1oG8Zl3afYYuQ0UM6Mkckb6TcCXcWESlgyPOVhazza_dYmt3YRps4XoGHJX3IdTol2kAWbRMjLZRZjgzA.6bIiOSh6UYhFvl_ZJOwMWwVVfuL.88g6KsEPt.E4I_Pa5HLoo9x0GLxgVJrRK8hlmaA9mANgUDBF0pWpEGmr75dlgiuOkDliQvsPHyqxeK1OATBWAAK5hqso_afqklYjCSLupOvRfUB723o4i13dTo6EsB9F616BbTkmpR8qyfhsPD4u27EeinWlw6Z4YU50lrxN__xXe4jno8yZLSiFpzo0AgxSSwcRJ.FaFUpRsvlW1qrixS90zNgMuOiIcb2RLtfEyhORW_HZvxyH83dlz68PoeUhWutx.q725RunoolHPOVXXYC1gxikxeW.L9uAnhorGDakx8zdqRyHNHhgG3lB3N1NlfJDGc7MJ5FBVkkOpOCBhuWHvw0XP9rISBQOAevLQfqbi024AmaUrsiz7BG089FqCEy3Nl.IcXJH3i9j1nuVNLdqjgXkV5v9A38WW7vnXuemAJNViEfiVGvLgC3xoZjjhY2qjEIMjYcBW2TVFIUz5hFe89",mdrd: "4Q55BB8aanyxGlqykduGM.gQIsnDMw9YtgaUgg0sTYg-1740010202-1.2.1.1-GuI2VAA7emOkSCe_bYtmK38FqUfVj.x7BngwAgL_adkpF97zTl07qbFdHbh2SDQN6eczao73eMFUxpEPToK.2uYPqsY86JT6k0uIRmqC5q3M1KyqTrH3R8kwzOjwSyQCzmDFtpnoZNkPqYckv24OAqbveycei1fp9akyPMUctOCbF_UX6baMMVuupKbjmJWIzvGRKAWHwkWvsiOIr8GJ0VT_caGXQrD3VR25FVZG_xJx0aivV5t2wQiYenc2Mm166jwBo4R.rbFXIywKoO9FCqpAPrO.NcKXD56QBnOweC86bG0RP0nyy5M9gR08HzA7uaUxijesDLJJdlTiTvMpHJoGfG6SNcqJ7vu9zaufuYVUMpKLVMBqeqVSe4uk80PWkSgjQgQAk8w.hc5m4mBoKf3l9vIZ96kUfE.zi.IIapQK7KpLo21ZnjuQaCQhiLYO9Cq5aCZ8j1zzSFwvFh0KJF4uLgYKiLoK8_tdm8YbJ_IJMl.J9wC4hSezpFDrRb3BU7v460gUbNDeura3BpVxIY7Qp8h1rwupdjEfMrxxrVBVNWhyAj2qF12N03eZQmpbw1tuBlxJcZRYefYshPhRNjMCyl2hnCQqyvDSmLg0aALyVxW0pv01RNKtKQ1gMoOutyDJUt9WNeOUI8c9aU6ulCLmo1M911LduwBiCCkxzD4bZBaT65qJwMSZG9z3LvuL2xMawEI.BH0sxcluUaYMwz5H1JExI0J3bApkksRW5fO9flUIK1dPu0QiNYp9lxY5l1hLSIqtWfC2G4vuDLfJaJawRF0PSPlhtftDBnOQt16vDw50IyefDAun6qgIfVIyXowxrdb4KIn6Izay.oaA2fknRnkxIibfTSvUzJ.aYheKKRfA6sCZDmWvTtTnaJTMSTiOrF3vtl2mxVvzPPdtgnDYd5EjolhtMIVEOysWLgT4chBJOEykjmT.oyBTg9DR7ppP4dB2Pc04Cvw9VQ62K4bb07o99ncxw6qSTA0GiI73O21_2xJ_CLNzkDoEZ4wVQ7Y.fmJOA2IaxuGe3kKvpT89XZafYaPUUfqJau7LmGEWIKcn.Zz61DfVHiwhtt2ALQSS.mf2Kx8vZIo9H6G0fB54Gwq7sjBW9zhZd0VsvwapW_ZuSG.0sAYBW5WlB40w6vULr1HiJK7lfOF6sucyByiABYJqaaZV4UegYYN34aL66KPLJBe8qYKZnYN9Z0AtBbAhvUkJmsjIby8B4Xl9A9i1Ze8hOu0WRFmpC8QLZ0UyfDftovVtM80f8kgr257twRfK8zEtEqICTGfjjFx.HwjF1.YcswbydMhf6xRWFlHFgtKxq3AcoNr5GWqiDFPMXN4m.YQA3Z_DcvZXXWTIeLip5ZgaSWRznUvruvh5_b7SpO9KpQuZ6c4UYXugTa.NGHAfAEH2uHq1xi3ciJgY9q7.L8DIkocXZCMUk28OY9S_fJrGF9oHKXYsRxqbmJH4FShS3VkjFFJUH7jHBI2o3O4m0BF1I1tZFfyGwefGqoHCWGYg.9N3xstusDmD._Lc9rYuieMtyHlk6ASRRyJZ_5oYPTp8B4GQH6XP7jwkEeiNWIDK0D33tCLVc2sHSXxdYZIyAPzX9RBDmb4aQXRdreAmCa3QjajLaLnYTNjNtN5ufUaiDjyyDKcNuu.NjxYma9G0tAbM6BrvfASSjY395zaCsNU28H_A6Jqiu87GuVmtWdY6OvlSJjv04jDD1K7c69Ewt7.sS1gfX5VKrvLnCkj4uucZUio6iPKpKk4t1y9lk7y_QmChO7RVfcIwZDI5qwswevHM_sD7giwZufIn9.b.VCB8MtzxL0uZNCLXXwu9Tvx2y.x5Bo5lC5D_uVMO3nCBuB1P2H3vrjqN.hUNOITed190ag.8VLoGO6ADtPdBipM3UFhLx3dpzjRop82H99V6PYooOY.RzABQ3crB1VWPPuk3qKz56dsQ4_f4EjDnbihc1g961zLQnkveuThkF7ERn2uZSkuGfW8kzfAaDw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914a4573cd3cce06';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=maternal%20gatekeeping&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ar3nize_wI3RQmfPgphQGVm3MxDpAqKx7UmZfwC0avg-1740010202-1.0.1.1-k46VkmXch3bNLCJwG6n.OxWh2y9.8W31Mi2LZtHCmMM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>