CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135629cfaeef900',cH: '5cNoxc31_ar8kfpt708QN.ommH9sJThF9myGjLlywdg-1739791195-1.2.1.1-1fowCBUvHgkCTx7ZTrk.ngLd.S.7XJFuwTM2ZnahM97bkheI5FC_gjWUWbvyV4vg',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=domination%20polynomial&__cf_chl_tk=s8MF0Lzb9dIAer7vBvbv4HtWGWbmMZmCHdSwD9u7nkY-1739791195-1.0.1.1-NmEV3g_WXTCcCCMFE4x9moSwVcUXzj5ruFfzLl_PzZU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739791195',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=domination%20polynomial&__cf_chl_f_tk=s8MF0Lzb9dIAer7vBvbv4HtWGWbmMZmCHdSwD9u7nkY-1739791195-1.0.1.1-NmEV3g_WXTCcCCMFE4x9moSwVcUXzj5ruFfzLl_PzZU",md: "TJf3v2F0Vb6M6lSXBzJ8JODOJWnBjvE3m5l1.VgPKP8-1739791195-1.2.1.1-ECgpsFM02QxyZBvSJgVB2RrRLJab5N6Cgmu9FOI8givbsf0e90VN9KIcFJVBMsJXHdnSuwg5ZdF6.hcPReRvIsff79mGucZJsx4JzdnzTrgOxKeG8tykzCBUS3ucyclBSf2fqOOCXHxWAnt.T0j4Z0QimV0IV8lRhEO6Umi3nhPIa0yg4gQAdHA7vVPThkMSca6ipNGjVQjLAcftq.tQBt7y0ScxU.SUDqAM1rWV4rq96BHLC..S8jVTVG1r3ywzDqiqqW8c_zK2.tFtHv2h4UacwvX8BzlPjThS73rD940BAsyM0Y__L2FSIaInjAGT.fo6sFigPG5rbcdtjgpDI5MavXHe6gt490ZG9ZMczaDsAr3diEJ3XPD_k40VjwyhgTjZ.P42WKP2YbLeVr8Xc26U.C3MIE7lKcJUfkqAd1PZblyxl2FcaLgSqeqQy5WumcdiQ63C8uIHAyftwA8bMdYuknoN5xEJdxUSAFWpO6eahncO8JpgD2nRrc6ug3uQohU4c88QgRbo5LNmMur3GlplPhtMMO4cf_6lKEskZkLwj4M.WZqa47D3RfPZBrIEjG1xs8oe5nDOPprwdA8ZjIpI5J_6hWEcuGVcAitPYIMDlxwoU9pbI0sw.EH.6_nDRXBexF0wfUsiFH9VZXWRf5DjwXyMpkjpj3HZ3kz79o0mUFS96neiF3Dw41dsde8EApd9oV5T4oq_ipM7nUcvbqRwlRsYT1wLkO8DE_iV_s7Is3YQlPAvBSmDKtanPrFA9ETXrbZpKXgJ4ID5wbxbBESvSWUpEF6IivpAr2SEY1MSKXm1ySiYMDafbpWThumQlOTi74cK58OUHnRWGnO0G9QcGpKLEH.v8a9aaO0ME4.9aw6iZKMfP0KcFHV82G.GfYCHVHN5sBPTIYuBWhuoroszKsOFIAbnDAMdKVS9XR_pjMtAUrIF.A2Phfp..PQUN2HoY.KIW_ia4TLe2lnFmidKRvuV0SQAYz4eLQS6PIfprx3YlMS7zziNyh9Z6JITbwSK8kXPXkW_tFzrXPqEUfMxA4PoQkKqGVH9cWcAE_0vi2zAD82wo4ySvxsm_ov4gR.XEVHy4bG2ea0BKGd6Hno4hKYsyabwG95uU13J.GfAloOmqhn30zdBeVYEXYF6kZKUeVGvTPJC.5sjrwlbcXSUr9x5aeRCAkwJNsZhsyRZfLH2WTBr2gMBtq6CGoERx7H2ZOZD2BD7esUOlTK4tU3w6mhkEfCO5s04aGB.660YWjwxaURyYbqYaJAceM9Gvxnxk1YXrxL73.yS.mOCoSetYDBg.vPehNp2qaubz8qZeZwSv8_7lLrmxM9fMt_OEp9q.sPP9LDtkHnJnzAnXV89EPXlQbLPrR4SLCi.RjXLc6vXJKizRnYnZTW1kPP3YlW_oZ_A_Xe4mR_ABKozTgxTTf6SgezmpJ1H0xC8ebmPp8mxUDO6m2gvBZeZT2JCEKZxtsbFlP02bha9FtggkMS.gDuV6p0zcENNguSMfOQ9iuOP7xuHNtbyx6hBsgeYNGyUEd_F6CQ.ImeH2JUDid8ZwXcYGwdhuN95NqUvEDuHIi9xm.zeMLPb5NwH5mkZz3DqnsCP86OcUVKlskVHuqJQKTXC2IrQyR30x8ePSG_d7NQqMp34KF4EPIoHO2RIozGataIxkJGCmZ1eolfsaEcKa7xb7jEbksqlxbAnR6MraIqTiOOcg6jhBwQUmZcQE.f6c9Ow0Wepv9n8J.aoSync0y0Pn_kaOUXO.xnayg3yGoPcV8FBTPEKz4MtttmRzLO6U8EG5sP4q4EBfuU9RtwSgZQj6wscsPrkiS4qOlx2dumSKTSQyNOZlFMltWHJE3WCyyPvB6p0hUrqzHGnKqLihejgGvSY32MekM4uuUfIOZrmNv8fMI7mt3e0612bH9r6ltoUbZEdP2qlMsfWTI3jI.NMsxAcGCybJAlJzH7rnFO1HBk5iVl3OmaTyAXu",mdrd: "Ebdj3RfX69f6LlsOnXng0_cZS_lJRQOH7EcNCVsqCrw-1739791195-1.2.1.1-cLJx4ayb.MdQgLZTq.1dwlA3tKrQlxcMCpwqXUWtKNOZM8kCIAZoEvjMyfRCHReCJl_ro2tXNy16hgliBHqfyCCGp9qlDhWCwkzinfMreDZDnh9NhQk2q9J9aB7aplcieK8UMFGmNmOj.qHwPXT1kiSVgUG_P4rJ0NFTxMMb7oq.feUIGa_EXH.2qblt8JpOoEIiIjo5YGZknrUOaDS6XoU5n9jelDBbW7VGGYTtrHiWsvKPMfor4baMqQHiV.0A16quRHw3nKw9f_q8vPgLhDKb0VkfGKHJsKUVRJZvOQe9aMtmk_H1hr.Q5tFn1uiKLbSu5K7W1ioeJ3XABtlv9zjrs6nO01mFewhtLC_cjbGRsX2PtaqFzEa5LvTvGbG99nvxDFDKfPzpp_6IWLLRD8CX.IbU4axwgLTzlNOjVsjOoRNRemjrXVUc1.ajO36kItu_TS_6RSOf6zN4qgthvZzQNI9omatygaJ.eKObkucpWDmapukL6mTXt8eigL0fI5naKCu0LuYowToYIo0BnxH3Sco3XAm77iTf1zv3kYxl0zdxsEhdNKSI0UaI7ij88_nPIhMIUbJN3e2u6tpFYcaQ1TqJYOorj_Z2D5TzenvB8Yw0xrAU8lTI3SWWQjmDPQbmNic_5NNopCjSnAIKaoUeSaaFuxLHCCLXBXxS6PmWVEOYfl.mrAThPNVegLw3YUkPgElu6CKIazGjGl6sDUef.zD_K5BfgH0WZuE2mbUDrsRv7Cp_5_pdh2ta75ZluaphisL8vsopdONIcfMr.6A3QGzScGk5Lr7is7EMNJDxFGzAYM1nnBX8LU1Cihb2LwKO.vU_YVReFNhNvuIxJkVWMYaSoPIf6zKkutnw9pUTx_.egQAgoSQhbC9enLl1uar.xbAcU1SkxYITMvLkO8TOk.JabphdX5mcuJC0p58qf6QLzZcLyFvUZX0dc1ZNjZR7BU1B9JnL1lnuO.vdFX0pfed0dSm1idQUdcgNOd_a1KUrZGoHmsSoYzIg6_I6OoJzIjtJBd5xuroTraWt2fdtYkkuF_EDvSE97ofdgP6haTFQqz3NOlqdJyscN_yyfKORvyaZ65jdAUeMaRSsRfulXaaPnxJv8F52p8hVRebnbni3JDOQvfIOUsiGVTXdqXSl8drOSlD0TeYTOSUb8aC.eceihMmNb3fBO7VegacrNgo3RzbLF2bbyxLfv7.7eooYzv0kTumJ_HodPxmN8qfAkwn0BxXyAVLU9AM2g1iBkBjdEiNzh2Yznb8wxMWfLHCtZlUTtzPTXC6_Kvk_D6N23ZJWKE7MQCK730e0GvLf8Xh98mj72p4dpXeWv71veFUvWmLlD7Z9NIjcvHer70i.R7h.729HnS2LummGy6BhddNOOfTxYbtlOyCYPp4WhGFHJg9qcgYUBDimkcJZANDYlxmxp.4f4FcpT3HpIl9zFrm.ZikPJFoYGLxosw4UdbLx4_o2XKjbhRkmNJM1GIjM6J8fFLgU0wqj.Ds4w8Uxt9AFXlVmbuuAiMCnx_RQVRwcae7y1ryV2jEAbb_1Qls4PtqoflCBdQ0WDq9z8euGTtzDnmW6t5xWlG8YED8cDZO969E8DIf67BxDdo1HGYUmmkXWbCZNQJ3TgWRpU.FK6T8H4bZeZjdKFTS4RwWIwwoN4DmrlFw_1kWmnOBjHt3M8dZkQ_91wtbRV9G53sZ0pJwlX4FSY7XtSV41JAf_mpwJ2LwhZPnpHR0KHok.3UH3wObMiSr1pTc83RcahxicxavEZbgGTn.ZLIXBAwCAia33JnyDpYEozDbergHnUEfy6YH2bBlb09IJ4Lgjnw6BV3twDNNHSiM6mP0UmAu.MBpA3xCmMksmo_DZFgRbn__ijBWHSsgSBDsnkb0O1m4UE2pBfw007wApB4Qq1HtgmDZAWYdcUmp6qFa8I7xKQ1DO26S5NipKQr6lCxLfESo50K8PQcqTHexflDwPBahe"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135629cfaeef900';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=domination%20polynomial&__cf_chl_rt_tk=s8MF0Lzb9dIAer7vBvbv4HtWGWbmMZmCHdSwD9u7nkY-1739791195-1.0.1.1-NmEV3g_WXTCcCCMFE4x9moSwVcUXzj5ruFfzLl_PzZU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>