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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Data model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Image_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Image storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Compression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raster–vector_conversion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raster–vector_conversion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Raster–vector conversion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raster–vector_conversion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Displays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Displays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Displays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Displays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Printing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Printing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Printing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three-dimensional_rasters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three-dimensional_rasters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Three-dimensional rasters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three-dimensional_rasters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographic_information_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_information_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Geographic information systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_information_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Resolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raster-based_image_editors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raster-based_image_editors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Raster-based image editors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raster-based_image_editors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Raster graphics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رسوميات نقطية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسوميات نقطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastr_t%C9%99svir" title="Rastr təsvir – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rastr təsvir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%8C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="র‌্যাস্টার গ্রাফিক্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="র‌্যাস্টার গ্রাফিক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Растравая графіка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Растравая графіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Растравая графіка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Растравая графіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Растерна графика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Растерна графика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasterska_grafika" title="Rasterska grafika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rasterska grafika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapa_de_bits" title="Mapa de bits – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mapa de bits" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrov%C3%A1_grafika" title="Rastrová grafika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rastrová grafika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasterbillede" title="Rasterbillede – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rasterbillede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastergrafik" title="Rastergrafik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rastergrafik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastergraafika" title="Rastergraafika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rastergraafika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagen_de_mapa_de_bits" title="Imagen de mapa de bits – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imagen de mapa de bits" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastruma_bildo" title="Rastruma bildo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rastruma bildo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_irudi" title="Raster irudi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Raster irudi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="گرافیک شطرنجی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرافیک شطرنجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_matricielle" title="Image matricielle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Image matricielle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafaic_rastair" title="Grafaic rastair – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grafaic rastair" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaxe_de_mapa_de_bits" title="Imaxe de mapa de bits – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imaxe de mapa de bits" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0_%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%BD%EC%8A%A4" title="래스터 그래픽스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="래스터 그래픽스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Պատկերացանցային գրաֆիկա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատկերացանցային գրաֆիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasterska_slika" title="Rasterska slika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rasterska slika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiko_rastrala" title="Grafiko rastrala – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grafiko rastrala" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambar_bitmap" title="Gambar bitmap – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gambar bitmap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastamynd" title="Rastamynd – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rastamynd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafica_raster" title="Grafica raster – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grafica raster" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="תמונת מפת סיביות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תמונת מפת סיביות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="რასტრული გამოსახულება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რასტრული გამოსახულება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Растрлық кескін – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Растрлық кескін" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastra_grafika" title="Rastra grafika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rastra grafika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%A1kin%C4%97_grafika" title="Taškinė grafika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Taškinė grafika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasztergrafika" title="Rasztergrafika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rasztergrafika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafik_raster" title="Grafik raster – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Grafik raster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_map" title="Bit map – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Bit map" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasterafbeelding" title="Rasterafbeelding – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rasterafbeelding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F" title="ビットマップ画像 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビットマップ画像" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastergrafikk" title="Rastergrafikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rastergrafikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Графике информацийым растрле кодлымаш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Графике информацийым растрле кодлымаш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafika_rastrowa" title="Grafika rastrowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grafika rastrowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster" title="Raster – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Raster" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Растровая графика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Растровая графика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Raster graphics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrov%C3%A1_grafika" title="Rastrová grafika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rastrová grafika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrska_grafika" title="Rastrska grafika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rastrska grafika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Растерска графика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Растерска графика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasterska_grafika" title="Rasterska grafika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rasterska grafika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambar_bitmap" title="Gambar bitmap – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gambar bitmap" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittikarttagrafiikka" title="Bittikarttagrafiikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bittikarttagrafiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastergrafik" title="Rastergrafik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rastergrafik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapikong_raster" title="Grapikong raster – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Grapikong raster" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาพกราฟิกส์แรสเตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาพกราฟิกส์แรสเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_grafik" title="Raster grafik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Raster grafik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Raster+graphics%22">"Raster graphics"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Raster+graphics%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Raster+graphics%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Raster+graphics%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Raster+graphics%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Raster+graphics%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rgb-raster-image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Rgb-raster-image.svg/220px-Rgb-raster-image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Rgb-raster-image.svg/330px-Rgb-raster-image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Rgb-raster-image.svg/440px-Rgb-raster-image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Smiley" title="Smiley">smiley face</a> in the top left corner is a raster image. When enlarged, individual pixels appear as squares. Enlarging further, each pixel can be analyzed, with their colors constructed through combination of the values for red, green and blue.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">digital photography</a>, a <b>raster graphic</b> represents a two-dimensional picture as a rectangular matrix or grid of <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a>, viewable via a <a href="/wiki/Computer_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer display">computer display</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, or other display medium. A raster image is technically characterized by the width and height of the image in pixels and by the number of <a href="/wiki/Bits_per_pixel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bits per pixel">bits per pixel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raster images are stored in <a href="/wiki/Image_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file">image files</a> with varying <a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">dissemination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics_editor" title="Raster graphics editor">production</a>, <a href="/wiki/3D_rendering" title="3D rendering">generation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">acquisition formats</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prepress" title="Prepress">prepress</a> industries know raster graphics as <b>contones</b> (from <i>continuous <a href="/wiki/Tints_and_shades" class="mw-redirect" title="Tints and shades">tones</a></i>). In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Line_art" title="Line art">line art</a> is usually implemented as <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</a> in digital systems.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matrix_transpose.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Matrix_transpose.gif" decoding="async" width="210" height="270" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Transpose" title="Transpose">Transposing</a> an image to covert raster organization (a relatively costly operation for packed formats with less than a byte per pixel); <a href="/wiki/Function_composition" title="Function composition">composing</a> an additional raster line <a href="/wiki/Reflection_(mathematics)" title="Reflection (mathematics)">reflection</a> (almost free), either before or afterwards, amounts to a 90° image rotation in one direction or the other.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many raster manipulations map directly onto the mathematical formalisms of <a href="/wiki/Linear_algebra" title="Linear algebra">linear algebra</a>, where mathematical objects of <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a> structure are of central concern. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymological">Etymological</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymological"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "raster" has its origins in the Latin <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rastrum" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:rastrum">rastrum</a></i> (a rake), which is derived from <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/radere" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:radere">radere</a></i> (to scrape). It originates from the <a href="/wiki/Raster_scan" title="Raster scan">raster scan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT) <a href="/wiki/Video_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Video monitor">video monitors</a>, which draw the image line by line by magnetically or electrostatically steering a focused <a href="/wiki/Electron_beam" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron beam">electron beam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By association, it can also refer to a rectangular grid of pixels. The word <a href="/wiki/Rastrum" title="Rastrum">rastrum</a> is now used to refer to a device for drawing musical staff lines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_model">Data model</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Data model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raster_graphic_fish_20x23squares_sdtv-example.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Raster_graphic_fish_20x23squares_sdtv-example.png/220px-Raster_graphic_fish_20x23squares_sdtv-example.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Raster_graphic_fish_20x23squares_sdtv-example.png/330px-Raster_graphic_fish_20x23squares_sdtv-example.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Raster_graphic_fish_20x23squares_sdtv-example.png/440px-Raster_graphic_fish_20x23squares_sdtv-example.png 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A simple raster graphic</figcaption></figure> <p>The fundamental strategy underlying the raster data model is the <a href="/wiki/Tessellation" title="Tessellation">tessellation</a> of a plane, into a two-dimensional array of squares, each called a <i>cell</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a></i> (from "picture element"). In <a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">digital photography</a>, the plane is the <a href="/wiki/Visual_field" title="Visual field">visual field</a> as projected onto the <a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">image sensor</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Computer_art" title="Computer art">computer art</a>, the plane is a virtual canvas; in <a href="/wiki/Geographic_information_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic information systems">geographic information systems</a>, the plane is a <a href="/wiki/Map_projection" title="Map projection">projection</a> of the Earth's surface. The size of each square pixel, known as the <i>resolution</i> or <i>support</i>, is constant across the grid. Raster or <i>gridded data</i> may be the result of a <a href="/wiki/Gridding" class="mw-redirect" title="Gridding">gridding</a> procedure. </p><p>A single numeric value is then stored for each pixel. For most images, this value is a visible color, but other measurements are possible, even numeric codes for qualitative categories. Each raster grid has a specified <i>pixel format</i>, the data type for each number. Common pixel formats are <a href="/wiki/Binary_image" title="Binary image">binary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray-scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray-scale">gray-scale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palette_(computing)" title="Palette (computing)">palettized</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">full-color</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Color_depth" title="Color depth">color depth</a><sup id="cite_ref-MSDN_bitmapTypes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSDN_bitmapTypes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> determines the fidelity of the colors represented, and <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a> determines the range of color coverage (which is often less than the full range of human <a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">color vision</a>). Most modern color raster formats represent color using 24 bits (over 16 million distinct colors), with 8 bits (values 0–255) for each <a href="/wiki/Color_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Color channel">color channel</a> (red, green, and blue). The digital sensors used for <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> are often able to detect and store wavelengths beyond the <a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">visible spectrum</a>; the large <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a> bitmapped sensor at the <a href="/wiki/Vera_C._Rubin_Observatory" title="Vera C. Rubin Observatory">Vera C. Rubin Observatory</a> captures 3.2 gigapixels in a single image (6.4 GB raw), over six <a href="/wiki/Channel_(digital_image)" title="Channel (digital image)">color channels</a> which exceed the <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">spectral</a> range of human color vision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_storage">Image storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Image storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bitmap" title="Bitmap">Bitmap</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_use_of_a_raster_data_structure_to_summarize_a_point_pattern.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/The_use_of_a_raster_data_structure_to_summarize_a_point_pattern.gif/220px-The_use_of_a_raster_data_structure_to_summarize_a_point_pattern.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/The_use_of_a_raster_data_structure_to_summarize_a_point_pattern.gif/330px-The_use_of_a_raster_data_structure_to_summarize_a_point_pattern.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/The_use_of_a_raster_data_structure_to_summarize_a_point_pattern.gif/440px-The_use_of_a_raster_data_structure_to_summarize_a_point_pattern.gif 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption>Using a raster to summarize a point pattern</figcaption></figure> <p>Most computer images are stored in <a href="/wiki/Image_file_formats#Raster_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">raster graphics formats</a> or compressed variations, including <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>, which are popular on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MSDN_bitmapTypes_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSDN_bitmapTypes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RasterVsVector_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RasterVsVector-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <b>raster data</b> structure is based on a (usually rectangular, square-based) <a href="/wiki/Tessellation" title="Tessellation">tessellation</a> of the 2D <a href="/wiki/Plane_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plane (geometry)">plane</a> into cells, each containing a single value. To store the data in a file, the two-dimensional array must be serialized. The most common way to do this is a <i>row-major</i> format, in which the cells along the first (usually top) row are listed left to right, followed immediately by those of the second row, and so on. </p><p>In the example at right, the cells of tessellation A are overlaid on the point pattern B resulting in an array C of quadrant counts representing the number of points in each cell. For purposes of visualization a <a href="/wiki/Lookup_table" title="Lookup table">lookup table</a> has been used to color each of the cells in an image D. Here are the numbers as a serial row-major array: </p><p>1 3 0 0 1 12 8 0 1 4 3 3 0 2 0 2 1 7 4 1 5 4 2 2 0 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 0 5 1 9 3 3 3 4 5 0 8 0 2 4 3 2 8 4 3 2 2 7 2 3 2 10 1 5 2 1 3 7 </p><p>To reconstruct the two-dimensional grid, the file must include a <i>header</i> section at the beginning that contains at least the number of columns, and the pixel datatype (especially the number of bits or bytes per value) so the reader knows where each value ends to start reading the next one. Headers may also include the number of rows, <a href="/wiki/Georeferencing" title="Georeferencing">georeferencing</a> parameters for geographic data, or other <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> tags, such as those specified in the <a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exif</a> standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compression">Compression</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Compression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">Image compression</a></div> <p>High-resolution raster grids contain a large number of pixels, and thus consume a large amount of memory. This has led to multiple approaches to compressing the data volume into smaller files. The most common strategy is to look for patterns or trends in the pixel values, then store a parameterized form of the pattern instead of the original data. Common raster compression algorithms include <a href="/wiki/Run-length_encoding" title="Run-length encoding">run-length encoding</a> (RLE), <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>, <a href="/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78" title="LZ77 and LZ78">LZ</a> (the basis for <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zip_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zip (file format)">ZIP</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">Lempel–Ziv–Welch</a> (LZW) (the basis for <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a>), and others. </p><p>For example, Run length encoding looks for repeated values in the array, and replaces them with the value and the number of times it appears. Thus, the raster above would be represented as: </p> <table class="wikitable"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"> values</th><td style="text-align:right;"> 1</td><td> 3</td><td> 0</td><td> 1</td><td>12</td><td> 8</td><td> 0</td><td> 1</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td>...</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"> lengths</th><td style="text-align:right;"> 1</td><td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 1</td><td> 1</td><td> 1</td><td> 1</td><td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td>...</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This technique is very efficient when there are large areas of identical values, such as a line drawing, but in a photograph where pixels are usually slightly different from their neighbors, the RLE file would be up to twice the size of the original. </p><p>Some compression algorithms, such as RLE and LZW, are <i>lossless</i>, where the original pixel values can be perfectly regenerated from the compressed data. Other algorithms, such as JPEG, are <i>lossy</i>, because the parameterized patterns are only an approximation of the original pixel values, so the latter can only be estimated from the compressed data. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Raster–vector_conversion"><span id="Raster.E2.80.93vector_conversion"></span>Raster–vector conversion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Raster–vector conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vector images (line work) can be <a href="/wiki/Rasterisation" title="Rasterisation">rasterized</a> (converted into pixels), and raster images <a href="/wiki/Image_tracing" title="Image tracing">vectorized</a> (raster images converted into vector graphics), by software. In both cases some information is lost, although certain vectorization operations can recreate salient information, as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">optical character recognition</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Displays">Displays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Displays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Electronic_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic television">Electronic television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">Computer monitor</a></div> <p>Early <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_television" title="Mechanical television">mechanical televisions</a> developed in the 1920s employed rasterization principles. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic television">Electronic television</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> displays are <a href="/wiki/Raster_scan" title="Raster scan">raster scanned</a> with horizontal rasters painted left to right, and the raster lines painted top to bottom. </p><p>Modern flat-panel displays such as LED monitors still use a raster approach. Each on-screen pixel directly corresponds to a small number of bits in memory.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The screen is refreshed simply by scanning through pixels and coloring them according to each set of bits. The refresh procedure, being speed critical, is often implemented by dedicated circuitry, often as a part of a <a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">graphics processing unit</a>. </p><p>Using this approach, the computer contains an area of memory that holds all the data that are to be displayed. The central processor writes data into this region of memory and the video controller collects them from there. The bits of data stored in this block of memory are related to the eventual pattern of pixels that will be used to construct an image on the display.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early scanned display with raster computer graphics was invented in the late 1960s by A. Michael Noll at <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but its patent application filed February 5, 1970, was abandoned at the Supreme Court in 1977 over the issue of the patentability of computer software.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Printing">Printing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Printing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Laser_printing" title="Laser printing">Laser printing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inkjet_printing" title="Inkjet printing">Inkjet printing</a></div> <p>During the 1970s and 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Plotter" title="Plotter">pen plotters</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector graphics</a>, were common for creating precise drawings, especially on large format paper. However, since then almost all printers create the printed image as a raster grid, including both <a href="/wiki/Laser_printing" title="Laser printing">laser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inkjet_printing" title="Inkjet printing">inkjet</a> printers. When the source information is vector, rendering specifications and software such as <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> are used to create the raster image. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three-dimensional_rasters">Three-dimensional rasters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Three-dimensional rasters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Voxel" title="Voxel">Voxel</a></div> <p>Three-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Voxel" title="Voxel">voxel</a> raster graphics are employed in video games and are also used in medical imaging such as <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">MRI scanners</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geographic_information_systems">Geographic information systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geographic information systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geographic phenomena are commonly represented in a raster format in <a href="/wiki/Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">GIS</a>. The raster grid is <i><a href="/wiki/Georeferencing" title="Georeferencing">georeferenced</a></i>, so that each pixel (commonly called a <i>cell</i> in GIS because the "picture" part of "pixel" is not relevant) represents a square region of geographic space.<sup id="cite_ref-Bolstad_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolstad-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The value of each cell then represents some measurable (<a href="/wiki/Level_of_measurement" title="Level of measurement">qualitative or quantitative</a>) property of that region, typically conceptualized as a <a href="/wiki/Field_(geography)" title="Field (geography)">field</a>. Examples of fields commonly represented in rasters include: temperature, population density, soil moisture, land cover, surface elevation, etc. Two sampling models are used to derive cell values from the field: in a <i>lattice</i>, the value is measured at the center point of each cell; in a <i>grid</i>, the value is a summary (usually a mean or mode) of the value over the entire cell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resolution">Resolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Image_resolution" title="Image resolution">Image resolution</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Raster_graphics" title="Special:EditPage/Raster graphics">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Raster graphics are resolution dependent, meaning they cannot scale up to an arbitrary resolution without <a href="/wiki/Pixellation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixellation">loss of apparent quality</a>. This property contrasts with the capabilities of <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</a>, which easily scale up to the quality of the device <a href="/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)" title="Rendering (computer graphics)">rendering</a> them. Raster graphics deal more practically than vector graphics with photographs and photo-realistic images, while vector graphics often serve better for <a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">typesetting</a> or for <a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">graphic design</a>. Modern computer-monitors typically display about 72 to 130 <a href="/wiki/Pixels_per_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixels per inch">pixels per inch</a> (PPI), and some modern consumer printers can resolve 2400 <a href="/wiki/Dots_per_inch" title="Dots per inch">dots per inch</a> (DPI) or more; determining the most appropriate image resolution for a given printer-resolution can pose difficulties, since printed output may have a greater level of detail than a viewer can discern on a monitor. Typically, a resolution of 150 to 300 PPI works well for 4-color process (<a href="/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a>) printing. </p><p>However, for printing technologies that perform color mixing through <a href="/wiki/Dither" title="Dither">dithering</a> (<a href="/wiki/Halftone" title="Halftone">halftone</a>) rather than through <a href="/wiki/Overprinting" title="Overprinting">overprinting</a> (virtually all home/office inkjet and laser printers), printer DPI and image PPI have a very different meaning, and this can be misleading. Because, through the dithering process, the printer builds a single image pixel out of several printer dots to increase <a href="/wiki/Color_depth" title="Color depth">color depth</a>, the printer's DPI setting must be set far higher than the desired PPI to ensure sufficient color depth without sacrificing image resolution. Thus, for instance, printing an image at 250 PPI may actually require a printer setting of 1200 DPI.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Raster-based_image_editors">Raster-based image editors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Raster-based image editors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Raster_graphics" title="Special:EditPage/Raster graphics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Raster-based image editors, such as <a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro">PaintShop Pro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corel_Painter" title="Corel Painter">Corel Painter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paint.NET" title="Paint.NET">Paint.NET</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Microsoft Paint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita">Krita</a>, and <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a>, revolve around editing <a href="/wiki/Pixels" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixels">pixels</a>, unlike vector-based image editors, such as <a href="/wiki/Xfig" title="Xfig">Xfig</a>, <a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW" title="CorelDRAW">CorelDRAW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator" title="Adobe Illustrator">Adobe Illustrator</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Inkscape" title="Inkscape">Inkscape</a>, which revolve around editing lines and shapes (<a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vectors</a>). When an image is rendered in a raster-based image editor, the image is composed of millions of pixels. At its core, a raster image editor works by manipulating each individual pixel.<sup id="cite_ref-RasterVsVector_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RasterVsVector-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pixel-based image editors work using the <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model#Digital_representations" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a>, but some also allow the use of other color models such as the <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_raster_graphics_editors" title="Comparison of raster graphics editors">Comparison of raster graphics editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dither" title="Dither">Dither</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halftone" title="Halftone">Halftone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel-art_scaling_algorithms" title="Pixel-art scaling algorithms">Pixel-art scaling algorithms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics_editor" title="Raster graphics editor">Raster graphics editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Raster graphics file formats">Raster graphics file formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raster_image_processor" title="Raster image processor">Raster image processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raster_scan" title="Raster scan">Raster scan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasterisation" title="Rasterisation">Rasterisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_semigraphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Text semigraphics">Text semigraphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texture_atlas" title="Texture atlas">Texture atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector graphics</a> – a contrasting graphics method</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raster_graphics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://math.hws.edu/graphicsbook/c1/s1.html">"Introduction to Computer Graphics, Section 1.1 -- Painting and Drawing"</a>. <i>math.hws.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=math.hws.edu&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Computer+Graphics%2C+Section+1.1+--+Painting+and+Drawing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmath.hws.edu%2Fgraphicsbook%2Fc1%2Fs1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaster+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.nl/patents/US6469805">"Patent US6469805 – Post raster-image processing controls for digital color image printing"</a>. Google.nl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205111425/http://www.google.nl/patents/US6469805">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patent+US6469805+%E2%80%93+Post+raster-image+processing+controls+for+digital+color+image+printing&rft.pub=Google.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.nl%2Fpatents%2FUS6469805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaster+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachMeigenStrasburger1997" class="citation journal cs1">Bach, Michael; Meigen, Thomas; Strasburger, Hans (1997). "Raster-scan cathode-ray tubes for vision research – limits of resolution in space, time and intensity, and some solutions". <i>Spatial Vision</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 403–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156856897X00311">10.1163/156856897X00311</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9176948">9176948</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spatial+Vision&rft.atitle=Raster-scan+cathode-ray+tubes+for+vision+research+%E2%80%93+limits+of+resolution+in+space%2C+time+and+intensity%2C+and+some+solutions&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=403-14&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156856897X00311&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9176948&rft.aulast=Bach&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Meigen%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Strasburger%2C+Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaster+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSDN_bitmapTypes-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSDN_bitmapTypes_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSDN_bitmapTypes_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/winforms/advanced/types-of-bitmaps?view=netframework-4.7.2">"Types of Bitmaps"</a>. <i>Microsoft Docs</i>. Microsoft. 29 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102143109/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/winforms/advanced/types-of-bitmaps?view=netframework-4.7.2">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>. <q>The number of bits devoted to an individual pixel determines the number of colors that can be assigned to that pixel. For example, if each pixel is represented by 4 bits, then a given pixel can be assigned one of 16 different colors (2^4 = 16).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=Types+of+Bitmaps&rft.date=2017-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fframework%2Fwinforms%2Fadvanced%2Ftypes-of-bitmaps%3Fview%3Dnetframework-4.7.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaster+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RasterVsVector-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RasterVsVector_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RasterVsVector_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vector-conversions.com/vectorizing/raster_vs_vector.html">"Raster vs Vector"</a>. Gomez Graphics Vector Conversions. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190105151547/http://vector-conversions.com/vectorizing/raster_vs_vector.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>. <q>Raster images are created with pixel-based programs or captured with a camera or scanner. 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HP. 12 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102143055/https://store.hp.com/app/tech-takes/print-basics-rgb-vs-cmyk">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>. <q>If people are going to see it on a computer monitor, choose RGB. If you're printing it, use CMYK. (Tip: In Adobe® Photoshop®, you can choose between RGB and CMYK color channels by going to the Image menu and selecting Mode.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HP+Tech+Takes&rft.atitle=Print+Basics%3A+RGB+Versus+CMYK&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstore.hp.com%2Fapp%2Ftech-takes%2Fprint-basics-rgb-vs-cmyk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaster+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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talk:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Graphics_file_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format" title="Image file format">Graphics file formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANI_(file_format)" title="ANI (file format)"> ANI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANIM" title="ANIM">ANIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART_image_file_format" title="ART image file format"> ART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format"> BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics"> BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSAVE" title="BSAVE"> BSAVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALS_Raster_file_format" title="CALS Raster file format"> CAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineon" title="Cineon"> CIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_Perceptual_Compression" title="Cartesian Perceptual Compression"> CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPT_(file_format)" title="CPT (file format)"> CPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectDraw_Surface" title="DirectDraw Surface"> DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange"> DPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECW_(file_format)" title="ECW (file format)"> ECW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR"> EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITS" title="FITS">FITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLIC_(file_format)" title="FLIC (file format)"> FLIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format"> FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashPix" title="FlashPix"> FPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDRi_(data_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="HDRi (data format)"> HDRi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding"> HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format"> ICNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)"> ICO / CUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Cytometry_Standard" title="Image Cytometry Standard"> ICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILBM" title="ILBM">ILBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_Network_Graphics" title="JPEG Network Graphics"> JNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_JPEG#JPEG-LS" title="Lossless JPEG"> JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-HDR" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-HDR">JPEG-HDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita"> KRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics"> MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magick_Image_File_Format" title="Magick Image File Format"> MIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearly_raw_raster_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearly raw raster data"> NRRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRaster" title="OpenRaster"> ORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm#PAM_graphics_format" title="Netpbm"> PAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm" title="Netpbm"> PBM / PGM / PPM / PNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File"> PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format"> PICtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop"> PSD / PSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro"> PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)"> QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR"> QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster"> RAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format"> RGBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image"> SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA"> TGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format#TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact"> UFO / UFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format"> WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_BitMap" title="X BitMap"> XBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)"> XCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap"> XPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xwd" title="Xwd"> XWD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format"> CIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative"> DNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork"> AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW"> CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile"> CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF"> DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile"> EMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMF%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF+">EMF+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerber_format" title="Gerber format"> Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format"> HVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language"> PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics"> SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language"> VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile"> WMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)"> Xar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format#Compound_formats" title="Image file format">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format"> CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript"> EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript"> PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language"> XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exchangeable image file format (Exif)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Press_Telecommunications_Council#Photo_metadata" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF#Metadata" title="GIF">GIF § Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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