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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">     <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="bg" xml:lang="bg" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <title>Improvements to the SPS Slow Extraction for High Intensity Operation - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" />    <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=bg" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="bg" /> <meta name="description" content="Slow extraction using the third-integer resonance and thin electrostatic septa as used in the SPS to serve the North Area is a process with inherent beam loss. For high-ﬂux 400 GeV protons, the beam losses result in high machine activation, reduced component lifetime and severe limitations on personnel access and maintenance. The instantaneous and integrated loss levels are strong limitations on the annual attainable POT for present operation and for the much higher ﬂuxes requested by SHiP at the proposed BDF facility. In this report the present constraints and potential improvements to the slow extraction system in the SPS are described along with the recent theoretical studies and practical implementation of prospective operational improvements. Machine results of testing of new extraction loss reduction techniques and hardware are presented in the context of SHiP POT requests, SPS BDF and the PBC project and the potential extraction loss reduction factor is evaluated with an outlook to future high intensity operation. The prospects of deployment on the present operational beams and the resulting improvement factors are discussed. Balhan, Bruno; Bestmann, Patrick; Bjorkman, Daniel; Borburgh, Jan; Butcher, Mark; Calviani, Marco; Di Castro, Mario; Donze, Mathieu; Esposito, Luigi Salvatore; Fraser, Matthew Alexander; Galluccio, Francesca; Gavrikov, Yury; Gilardoni, Simone; Goddard, Brennan; Jorat, Louise Olivia; Harrison, Anthony; Hirlander, Simon; Jacobsson, Richard; Kain, Verena; Lamas Garcia, Inigo; Lendaro, Jerome; Masi, Alessandro; Mirarchi, Daniele; Pari, Michelangelo; Prieto Prieto, Javier; Redaelli, Stefano; Rossi, Roberto; Scandale, Walter; Seidenbinder, Regis; Serrano Galvez, Pablo; Stoel, Linda; Velotti, Francesco Maria; Zamantzas, Christos" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Slow extraction,, resonance,, beam loss,, diffuser,, bent crystal,, activation,, radiation,, electrostatic septum" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script>  <meta content="Improvements to the SPS Slow Extraction for High Intensity Operation" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Balhan, Bruno" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Galluccio, Francesca" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Bestmann, Patrick" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Mirarchi, Daniele" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Fraser, Matthew Alexander" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Serrano Galvez, Pablo" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Masi, Alessandro" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Borburgh, Jan" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Pari, Michelangelo" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Redaelli, Stefano" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Gavrikov, Yury" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Jacobsson, Richard" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Rossi, Roberto" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Kain, Verena" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Butcher, Mark" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Scandale, Walter" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Hirlander, Simon" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Lamas Garcia, Inigo" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Di Castro, Mario" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Stoel, Linda" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Donze, Mathieu" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Seidenbinder, Regis" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Bjorkman, Daniel" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Zamantzas, Christos" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Velotti, Francesco Maria" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Prieto Prieto, Javier" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Lendaro, Jerome" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Esposito, Luigi Salvatore" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Goddard, Brennan" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Harrison, Anthony" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Jorat, Louise Olivia" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Calviani, Marco" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Gilardoni, Simone" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="2019/03/26" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2019/03/26"> <meta content="CERN-ACC-NOTE-2019-0010" name="citation_technical_report_number" /> <meta content="CERN-PBC-Notes-2021-007" name="citation_technical_report_number" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989/files/CERN-ACC-NOTE-2019-0010.pdf" />  <meta content="Improvements to the SPS Slow Extraction for High Intensity Operation" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668989" property="og:url" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="Slow extraction using the third-integer resonance and thin electrostatic septa as used in the SPS to serve the North Area is a process with inherent beam loss. For high-ﬂux 400 GeV protons, the beam losses result in high machine activation, reduced component lifetime and severe limitations on personnel access and maintenance. The instantaneous and integrated loss levels are strong limitations on the annual attainable POT for present operation and for the much higher ﬂuxes requested by SHiP at the proposed BDF facility. In this report the present constraints and potential improvements to the slow extraction system in the SPS are described along with the recent theoretical studies and practical implementation of prospective operational improvements. Machine results of testing of new extraction loss reduction techniques and hardware are presented in the context of SHiP POT requests, SPS BDF and the PBC project and the potential extraction loss reduction factor is evaluated with an outlook to future high intensity operation. The prospects of deployment on the present operational beams and the resulting improvement factors are discussed." property="og:description" />  <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="ATS32Notes search" lang="bg">  <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=bg&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2668989%3Fln%3Dbg" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=bg">Търсене</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=bg">Изпращане</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=bg">Помощ</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=bg">Персонализиране</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=bg">Your alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=bg">Your baskets</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=bg">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=bg">Your searches</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=bg" class="navtrail">Начало</a> > <a href="/collection/Articles%20%26%20Preprints?ln=bg" class="navtrail">Articles & Preprints</a> > <a href="/collection/CERN%20Internal%20Notes?ln=bg" class="navtrail">CERN Notes</a> > <a href="/collection/ATS%20Notes?ln=bg" class="navtrail">ATS Notes</a> > Improvements to the SPS Slow Extraction for High Intensity Operation </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2668989/?ln=bg">Информация </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2668989/comments?ln=bg">Дискусия (0) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2668989/files?ln=bg">Files </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px"> </div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside">  <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2668989"></abbr>  <link href="/img/download_and_embed_buttons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <style type="text/css">  .video_talk_wrapper{ max-width: 640px; min-height: 360px; } </style> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth"> <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2">  Internal Note </td> </tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Report number </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">CERN-ACC-NOTE-2019-0010 ; CERN-PBC-Notes-2021-007</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>Improvements to the SPS Slow Extraction for High Intensity Operation</b></td></tr> <style> .video_control_container, #video_controlbutton { display: none; }#video_detailbox_download {display: none;}#video_detailbox_embed {display: none;}</style> <div class="video_control_container"> <div style="box-sizing: inherit;position: relative;min-height: 1em;margin: 1em 0;background: #f8f8f9;padding: 1em 1.5em;line-height: 1.4285em;transition: opacity .1s ease,color .1s ease,background .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;border-radius: .28571429rem;font-size: 1.1em;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 6px;background-color: #f8ffff;color: #276f86;box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #a9d5de inset,0 0 0 0 transparent;"> <i class="fa fa-info"></i><span style="padding-left: 9px;">If you experience any problem watching the video, click the download button below</span> </div> <a id="video_controlbutton_download" rel="download_button" class="video_controlbutton" href="#">Download</a> <a id="video_controlbutton_embed" class="video_controlbutton" href="#">Embed</a> </div> <div id="video_detailbox_download" style="margin:10px"> </div> <div id="video_detailbox_embed" style="margin:10px"> </div> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Author(s)</span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"> <script type="text/javascript"> function toggle_authors_visibility(){ var more = document.getElementById('more'); var link = document.getElementById('link'); var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); if (more.style.display=='none'){ more.style.display = ''; extension.style.display = 'none'; link.innerHTML = "Скриване" } else { more.style.display = 'none'; extension.style.display = ''; link.innerHTML = "Показване на всичките 33 автора" } link.style.color = "rgb(204,0,0);" } function set_up(){ var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); extension.innerHTML = ""; toggle_authors_visibility(); } </script> <a name="show_hide" /><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Balhan%2C%20Bruno&ln=bg">Balhan, Bruno</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bestmann%2C%20Patrick&ln=bg">Bestmann, Patrick</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bjorkman%2C%20Daniel&ln=bg">Bjorkman, Daniel</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Borburgh%2C%20Jan&ln=bg">Borburgh, Jan</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Butcher%2C%20Mark&ln=bg">Butcher, Mark</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Calviani%2C%20Marco&ln=bg">Calviani, Marco</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Di%20Castro%2C%20Mario&ln=bg">Di Castro, Mario</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Donze%2C%20Mathieu&ln=bg">Donze, Mathieu</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Esposito%2C%20Luigi%20Salvatore&ln=bg">Esposito, Luigi Salvatore</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Fraser%2C%20Matthew%20Alexander&ln=bg">Fraser, Matthew Alexander</a> (CERN)<span id="more" style=""> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Galluccio%2C%20Francesca&ln=bg">Galluccio, Francesca</a> (Universita e sezione INFN di Napoli (IT)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Gavrikov%2C%20Yury&ln=bg">Gavrikov, Yury</a> (B.P. Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Res. Center (RU)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Gilardoni%2C%20Simone&ln=bg">Gilardoni, Simone</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Goddard%2C%20Brennan&ln=bg">Goddard, Brennan</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Jorat%2C%20Louise%20Olivia&ln=bg">Jorat, Louise Olivia</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Harrison%2C%20Anthony&ln=bg">Harrison, Anthony</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Hirlander%2C%20Simon&ln=bg">Hirlander, Simon</a> (University of Malta (MT)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Jacobsson%2C%20Richard&ln=bg">Jacobsson, Richard</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kain%2C%20Verena&ln=bg">Kain, Verena</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lamas%20Garcia%2C%20Inigo&ln=bg">Lamas Garcia, Inigo</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lendaro%2C%20Jerome&ln=bg">Lendaro, Jerome</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Masi%2C%20Alessandro&ln=bg">Masi, Alessandro</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Mirarchi%2C%20Daniele&ln=bg">Mirarchi, Daniele</a> (University of Manchester (GB)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Pari%2C%20Michelangelo&ln=bg">Pari, Michelangelo</a> (Universita e INFN, Padova (IT)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Prieto%20Prieto%2C%20Javier&ln=bg">Prieto Prieto, Javier</a> (University of London (GB)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Redaelli%2C%20Stefano&ln=bg">Redaelli, Stefano</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Rossi%2C%20Roberto&ln=bg">Rossi, Roberto</a> (Sapienza Universita e INFN, Roma I (IT)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Scandale%2C%20Walter&ln=bg">Scandale, Walter</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Seidenbinder%2C%20Regis&ln=bg">Seidenbinder, Regis</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Serrano%20Galvez%2C%20Pablo&ln=bg">Serrano Galvez, Pablo</a> (Universidad de Oviedo (ES)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Stoel%2C%20Linda&ln=bg">Stoel, Linda</a> (Vienna University of Technology (AT)) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Velotti%2C%20Francesco%20Maria&ln=bg">Velotti, Francesco Maria</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Zamantzas%2C%20Christos&ln=bg">Zamantzas, Christos</a> (CERN)</span> <span id="extension"></span> <small><i><a id="link" href="#" onclick="toggle_authors_visibility()" style="color:rgb(204,0,0);"></a></i></small><script type="text/javascript">set_up()</script></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Corporate <span style="white-space:nowrap;">author(s)</span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">CERN. Geneva. ATS Department</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2019</td></tr>  <script type="text/javascript"> /* * Changes the Imprint title to Date - Duration as requested by RQF0820114 * This is a hack not to touch the general imprint format element */ $(document).ready(function() { var collections = 'INTNOTEATSPUBL ; NOTE'; if (collections.indexOf('E-LEARNING') > -1) { $('.cern-imprint-label').text('Date - Duration'); } }) </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel cern-imprint-label"> Imprint </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">26 Mar 2019</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">87</td></tr>  <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Accelerators and Storage Rings</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Accelerator/Facility, Experiment </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?p=CERN%20SPS&f=693__a">CERN SPS</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Study </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href='https://cds.cern.ch/search?p=693__s:"Physics Beyond Colliders"'>Physics Beyond Colliders</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Project </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href='https://cds.cern.ch/search?p=693__p:"Beam Dump Facility"'>Beam Dump Facility</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Keywords </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=keyword&p=Slow%20extraction%2C&ln=bg">Slow extraction,</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=keyword&p=resonance%2C&ln=bg">resonance,</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=keyword&p=beam%20loss%2C&ln=bg">beam loss,</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=keyword&p=diffuser%2C&ln=bg">diffuser,</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=keyword&p=bent%20crystal%2C&ln=bg">bent crystal,</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=keyword&p=activation%2C&ln=bg">activation,</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=keyword&p=radiation%2C&ln=bg">radiation,</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=keyword&p=electrostatic%20septum&ln=bg">electrostatic septum</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Slow extraction using the third-integer resonance and thin electrostatic septa as used in the SPS to serve the North Area is a process with inherent beam loss. For high-ﬂux 400 GeV protons, the beam losses result in high machine activation, reduced component lifetime and severe limitations on personnel access and maintenance. The instantaneous and integrated loss levels are strong limitations on the annual attainable POT for present operation and for the much higher ﬂuxes requested by SHiP at the proposed BDF facility. In this report the present constraints and potential improvements to the slow extraction system in the SPS are described along with the recent theoretical studies and practical implementation of prospective operational improvements. Machine results of testing of new extraction loss reduction techniques and hardware are presented in the context of SHiP POT requests, SPS BDF and the PBC project and the potential extraction loss reduction factor is evaluated with an outlook to future high intensity operation. The prospects of deployment on the present operational beams and the resulting improvement factors are discussed.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Submitted by </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="mailto:lucie.mainoli@cern.ch">lucie.mainoli@cern.ch</a></td></tr> </table> <br/><div><div style="clear: both;"> </div></div> <script type="text/javascript"> // Initially hide: $(".longCaption").hide(); // Allow to toggle visibility: $(".toggleLongCaption").toggle(function(){ $(this).siblings(".longCaption").show('fast'); var thisElem = $(this); thisElem.text(thisElem.text() === "повече" ? "less" : "повече"); },function(){ $(this).siblings(".longCaption").hide('fast'); var thisElem = $(this); thisElem.text(thisElem.text() === "повече" ? 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