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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Lowitja O'Donoghue</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia">AC</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great" title="Order of St. Gregory the Great">DSG</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Lowitja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Lowitja.jpg/220px-Lowitja.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Lowitja.jpg/330px-Lowitja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Lowitja.jpg/440px-Lowitja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">O'Donoghue in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1932-08-00)August 1932 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/De_Rose_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="De Rose Hill">De Rose Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 February 2024(2024-02-04) (aged 91) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, South Australia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Lois Smart, Lois O'Donoghue</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Public service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Gordon Smart (died 1991)</td></tr></tbody></table> Lowitja O'Donoghue <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia">AC</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great" title="Order of St. Gregory the Great">DSG</a> (August 1932<a href="#cite_note-fn1-2">[a]</a> – 4 February 2024), also known as Lois O'Donoghue and Lois Smart, was an Australian public administrator and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a> advocate. She was the inaugural chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Commission" title="Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission">Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission</a> (ATSIC) from 1990 to 1996. She is known for her work in improving the health and welfare of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>, and also for the part she played in the drafting of the <a href="/wiki/Native_Title_Act_1993" title="Native Title Act 1993">Native Title Act 1993</a>, which established <a href="/wiki/Native_title_in_Australia" title="Native title in Australia">native title in Australia</a>. O'Donoghue was the inaugural patron and namesake of the Lowitja Institute, a research institute for <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander">Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander</a> health and wellbeing established in 2010, which in 2022 established the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation. The Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration is held annually by the <a href="/wiki/Don_Dunstan_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Dunstan Foundation">Don Dunstan Foundation</a>, in her honour. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> Lowitja O'Donoghue, whose birth was unregistered,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202040-3">[2]</a> was born in August 1932, and later assigned the birthdate of 1 August 1932 by missionaries.<a href="#cite_note-fn1-2">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-mallett2018-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-king2024-7">[6]</a> She was born on a <a href="/wiki/Cattle_station" title="Cattle station">cattle station</a> later identified in her official biography as <a href="/wiki/De_Rose_Hill,_South_Australia" title="De Rose Hill, South Australia">De Rose Hill</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul20205_&_24-8">[7]</a> in the far north of <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> (now in the <a href="/wiki/APY_Lands" class="mw-redirect" title="APY Lands">APY Lands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-king2024-7">[6]</a> not far from <a href="/wiki/Iwantja" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwantja">Iwantja</a>). She was the fifth of six children of Tom O'Donoghue, a <a href="/wiki/Stockman_(Australia)" title="Stockman (Australia)">stockman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_lease" title="Pastoral lease">pastoral lease</a> holder of Irish descent,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul20205_&_24-8">[7]</a> and Lily, an Aboriginal woman whose tribal name was Yunamba.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202073-9">[8]</a> Lily was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Yankunytjatjara" title="Yankunytjatjara">Yankunytjatjara</a> Aboriginal clan of northwest <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>. Lowitja was baptised by a pastor from the <a href="/wiki/United_Aborigines_Mission" title="United Aborigines Mission">United Aborigines Mission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LowitjaInstitute-10">[9]</a> Tom O'Donoghue had joined his older brother Mick in central Australia in 1920, and <a href="/wiki/Horse_training" title="Horse training">broke horses</a> at <a href="/wiki/Granite_Downs" title="Granite Downs">Granite Downs</a> until 1923 when he was granted a 1,166-square-kilometre (450 sq mi) pastoral lease at De Rose Hill. After the birth of Eileen in 1924, Tom and Lily had another five children up to 1935.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202024–25-11">[10]</a> Mick O'Donoghue had two boys – Parker and Steve – with an Aboriginal woman called Mungi. Mick handed the boys over to missionaries of the <a href="/wiki/United_Aborigines_Mission" title="United Aborigines Mission">United Aborigines Mission</a> (UAM) at <a href="/wiki/Oodnadatta" title="Oodnadatta">Oodnadatta</a> before they turned four years of age.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202028–29-12">[11]</a> In March 1927, Tom O'Donoghue handed his first two children – three-year-old Eileen and the infant Geoffrey – to the UAM at Oodnadatta,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202033-13">[12]</a> and the following month the mission moved 700 km (430 mi) south to <a href="/wiki/Quorn,_South_Australia" title="Quorn, South Australia">Quorn</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Ranges" title="Flinders Ranges">Flinders Ranges</a>, where the mission, named the <a href="/wiki/Colebrook_Home" title="Colebrook Home">Colebrook Home</a>, was established in a cottage above the town.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202036-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-sahistory-15">[14]</a> In September 1934, aged two years, Lowitja was <a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">removed</a> from her mother, and handed over to the missionaries at the Colebrook Home (on behalf of South Australia's <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Protection_Board" title="Aboriginal Protection Board">Aboriginal Protection Board</a><a href="#cite_note-LowitjaInstitute-10">[9]</a>), along with her four-year-old sister Amy, and her six-year-old sister Violet. Upon arrival at the home, Lowitja met her other siblings, now ten-year-old Eileen and eight-year-old Geoffrey. The missionaries called her Lois<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202040–41-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-rnw-16">[15]</a> and gave her a date of birth of 1 August 1932.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202040–41-1">[1]</a> They also assigned a place of birth.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> She had no memory of any time spent with her parents as an infant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202040–41-1">[1]</a> She later (sometime after 1994) changed her name back to Lowitja.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> According to O'Donoghue, she was very happy living at Colebrook and said she received a sound education both there and at the Quorn Primary School. The Quorn community at large actively encouraged children from the home to participate in local events, and assisted in the maintenance of the home. Only a few people objected to the integration.<a href="#cite_note-slsa-19">[18]</a> In 1944 Colebrook Home moved to <a href="/wiki/Eden_Hills,_South_Australia" title="Eden Hills, South Australia">Eden Hills, South Australia</a>, due to chronic water shortages, enabling her to attend <a href="/wiki/Unley_High_School" title="Unley High School">Unley High School</a>, a local public school, and obtain her <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_Certificate_(Australia)" title="Intermediate Certificate (Australia)">Intermediate Certificate</a>. She was taught up until the Leaving Certificate standard but did not sit for the examination.<a href="#cite_note-ausbio-20">[19]</a> After the publication of the <a href="/wiki/Bringing_Them_Home" title="Bringing Them Home">Bringing Them Home</a> report in 1997, she said she preferred the word "removed" to the word "stolen" (as used in <a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a>) for her personal situation.<a href="#cite_note-worldtoday-21">[20]</a> She was the youngest child in her family, and was two years old when she was removed from her mother. After she was removed, she did not see her mother again for 33 years. During that time, her mother did not know where her family had been taken.<a href="#cite_note-nfsa-22">[21]</a> At the age of 16 she was sent to work as a domestic servant for a large family at <a href="/wiki/Victor_Harbor,_South_Australia" title="Victor Harbor, South Australia">Victor Harbor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-king2024-7">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nursing">Nursing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nursing">edit</a>]</div> After two years of working as a servant in Victor Harbor, O'Donoghue worked as a nursing aide in the seaside town and did some basic training. She then applied to be a student nurse in Adelaide. After a long struggle to win admission to train at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Adelaide_Hospital" title="Royal Adelaide Hospital">Royal Adelaide Hospital</a> (RAH), including lobbying the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_South_Australia" title="Premier of South Australia">premier of South Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Playford_IV" title="Thomas Playford IV">Thomas Playford</a><a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a>) and others in government,<a href="#cite_note-king2024-7">[6]</a> in 1954 she became a nurse at the Royal Adelaide Hospital (one source claims she was the first Aboriginal person to become such).<a href="#cite_note-rnw-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> In 1994 she said: "I'd resolved that one of the fights was to actually open the door for Aboriginal women to take up the nursing profession, and also for those young men to get into apprenticeships".<a href="#cite_note-king2024-7">[6]</a> She remained at RAH for ten years,<a href="#cite_note-rnw-16">[15]</a> after graduating in 1958 being promoted first to staff sister and then to <a href="/wiki/Charge_nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Charge nurse">charge nurse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nurse-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-rnw-16">[15]</a> In 1962<a href="#cite_note-nurse-23">[22]</a> O'Donoghue went to work for the <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Mission_Australia" title="Baptist Mission Australia">Baptist Overseas Mission</a><a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> working in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nurse-23">[22]</a> northern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, as a nurse relieving missionaries who were taking leave back in Australia. Due to the nearby <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a> she was advised by the Australian government to evacuate to <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a>, from where she would depart for her return to Australia.<a href="#cite_note-ausbio-20">[19]</a> She was "probably the first part-aborigine to be appointed from Australia to an overseas mission".<a href="#cite_note-nurse-23">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_service">Public service</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Public service">edit</a>]</div> After returning in 1962, she worked as an Aboriginal liaison officer with the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="South Australian Government">South Australian Government</a>'s Department of Education. She later transferred to the SA Department of Aboriginal Affairs and was employed as a welfare officer<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> based mainly in the north of the state, in particular at <a href="/wiki/Coober_Pedy" title="Coober Pedy">Coober Pedy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> There, in the late 1960s, she learnt of her true name, Lowitja, and also that her mother was living in poor conditions in Oodnadatta.<a href="#cite_note-king2024-7">[6]</a> In 1967 O'Donoghue joined the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Public_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Public Service">Commonwealth Public Service</a> as a junior administrative officer in an Adelaide office of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Aboriginal_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Aboriginal Affairs">Office of Aboriginal Affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> Around 1973-4 she was appointed as regional director of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Aboriginal_Affairs" title="Department of Aboriginal Affairs">Department of Aboriginal Affairs</a> in South Australia, the first woman to hold a position like this in a federal government department. In this role she was responsible for the local implementation of national Aboriginal welfare policy.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> After a short while she left the public service and had various management/administrative roles with non-government organisations. She was then appointed by the government as chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Development_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Development Commission">Aboriginal Development Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-naidoc-25">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_roles_and_activities">Other roles and activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other roles and activities">edit</a>]</div> As part of her battle to be accepted for training as a nurse at the Royal Adelaide in 1954, O'Donoghue met white Aboriginal advocate <a href="/wiki/Charles_Duguid" title="Charles Duguid">Charles Duguid</a>, and joined the <a href="/wiki/Aborigines%27_Advancement_League_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aborigines' Advancement League of South Australia">Aborigines' Advancement League of South Australia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cockburn1997-26">[25]</a> She campaigned for a Yes vote in the <a href="/wiki/1967_Australian_referendum_(Aboriginals)" title="1967 Australian referendum (Aboriginals)">1967 referendum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> From 1970 to 1972, she was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Legal_Rights_Movement" title="Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement">Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> In 1977, after the restructuring of the National Aboriginal Consultative Committee (established by the <a href="/wiki/Whitlam_government" title="Whitlam government">Whitlam government</a> in 1973) into the <a href="/wiki/National_Aboriginal_Conference" title="National Aboriginal Conference">National Aboriginal Conference</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> O'Donoghue was appointed founding chairperson of the new organisation, created by the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Government">Commonwealth Government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> In 1990, O'Donoghue was appointed Chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Commission" title="Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission">Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission</a> (ATSIC), a position she held until 1996.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Attending a cabinet meeting in 1991, she used the occasion to put forward ATSIC's position with regard to the government's response to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Aboriginal_Deaths_in_Custody" title="Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody">Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tickner-30">[29]</a> Her leadership in this position was greatly respected and admired.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> She was replaced as chairperson of ATSIC by <a href="/wiki/Gatjil_Djerrkura" title="Gatjil Djerrkura">Gatjil Djerrkura</a>, who was considered by the <a href="/wiki/Howard_government" title="Howard government">Howard government</a> to be more moderate.<a href="#cite_note-tickner-30">[29]</a> In 1992 she received an SA Great Award.<a href="#cite_note-cockburn1997-26">[25]</a> In December 1992, O'Donoghue became the first Aboriginal Australian to address the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> during the launch of the United Nations <a href="/wiki/International_Year_of_Indigenous_Peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="International Year of Indigenous Peoples">International Year of Indigenous Peoples</a> (1993).<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> Following the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Mabo_decision" class="mw-redirect" title="Mabo decision">Mabo decision</a> by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a>, O'Donoghue was a leading member of the team negotiating with the federal government relating to <a href="/wiki/Native_title_in_Australia" title="Native title in Australia">native title in Australia</a>. Together with prime minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Paul Keating</a>, she played a major role in drafting the bill which became the <a href="/wiki/Native_Title_Act_1993" title="Native Title Act 1993">Native Title Act 1993</a>, and Keating shortlisted her for the position of <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General of Australia</a> in 1995, which ultimately went to Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Deane" title="William Deane">William Deane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-king2024-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-cockburn1997-26">[25]</a> On 29 April 1998, she delivered the Australian Library Week Oration at <a href="/wiki/Tandanya_National_Aboriginal_Cultural_Institute" title="Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute">Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute</a> in Adelaide, win which she stressed the importance of high quality library and information services to Indigenous Australians.<a href="#cite_note-cockburn1997-26">[25]</a> On 24 January 2000, O'Donoghue was the first Indigenous person to give the annual national address as part of <a href="/wiki/Australia_Day" title="Australia Day">Australia Day</a> celebrations.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> In 2000, O'Donoghue chaired the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Olympic Games">Sydney Olympic Games</a> National Indigenous Advisory Committee. She was a member of the Volunteers Committee for the games, and carried the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_torch" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic torch">Olympic torch</a> through <a href="/wiki/Uluru" title="Uluru">Uluru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> In 2008, prime minister <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd">Kevin Rudd</a> asked her for advice during his preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Apology_to_the_Stolen_Generations" class="mw-redirect" title="Apology to the Stolen Generations">Apology to the Stolen Generations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-naidoc-25">[24]</a> She was the patron of a number of health, welfare, and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> organisations over the years, including <a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_Australia" title="Reconciliation Australia">Reconciliation South Australia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke_Prime_Ministerial_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre">Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Australia" title="University of South Australia">University of South Australia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Don_Dunstan_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Dunstan Foundation">Don Dunstan Foundation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CATSINaM" class="mw-redirect" title="CATSINaM">CATSINaM</a> (Congress of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nurses and Midwives).<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-hawkecentre-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition_and_honours">Recognition and honours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recognition and honours">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/1976_Australia_Day_Honours" title="1976 Australia Day Honours">1976 Australia Day Honours</a>, O'Donoghue became the first Aboriginal woman to be inducted into the new <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Order of Australia</a> founded by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> Commonwealth Government. The appointment, as a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Member of the Order</a> (AM) was "for service to the Aboriginal community".<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> In 1982 she won an <a href="/wiki/Advance_Australia_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Advance Australia Award">Advance Australia Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-naidoc-25">[24]</a> O'Donoghue was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE) in the <a href="/wiki/1983_New_Year_Honours" title="1983 New Year Honours">1983 New Year Honours</a> for service to the Aboriginal community,<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> and was named <a href="/wiki/Australian_of_the_Year" title="Australian of the Year">Australian of the Year</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> in 1984, for her work to improve the welfare of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.<a href="#cite_note-CBE-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ausyear-37">[36]</a> In 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Nursing,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal College of Nursing, Australia">Royal College of Nursing, Australia</a> awarded her an honorary fellowship, and in 1998 she was awarded an honorary fellowship from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australasian_College_of_Physicians" title="Royal Australasian College of Physicians">Royal Australasian College of Physicians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> In 1998 she was declared an <a href="/wiki/Australian_Living_Treasure" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Living Treasure">National Living Treasure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-naidoc-25">[24]</a> O'Donoghue was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Companion of the Order of Australia</a> (AC) in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Australia_Day_Honours" title="1999 Australia Day Honours">1999 Australia Day Honours</a>, "for public service through leadership to Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians in the areas of human rights and social justice, particularly as chairperson of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission".<a href="#cite_note-AC-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-AD1999Gazette-39">[38]</a> O'Donoghue was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Order" title="Olympic Order">Olympic Order</a> in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-aoc-40">[39]</a> In 2005 or 2006,<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> O'Donoghue was invested as a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Gregory_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St Gregory the Great">Dame of the Order of St Gregory the Great</a> (DSG) by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-instpatron-43">[42]</a> In 2009 she received the <a href="/wiki/NAIDOC_Awards" title="NAIDOC Awards">NAIDOC Lifetime Achievement Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-naidoc-25">[24]</a> In May 2017, O'Donoghue was one of three Indigenous Australians, along with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Calma" title="Tom Calma">Tom Calma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galarrwuy_Yunupingu" title="Galarrwuy Yunupingu">Galarrwuy Yunupingu</a>, honoured by <a href="/wiki/Australia_Post" title="Australia Post">Australia Post</a> in the 2017 Legends Commemorative Stamp "Indigenous leaders" series to mark the 50th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/1967_Australian_referendum_(Aboriginals)" title="1967 Australian referendum (Aboriginals)">1967 referendum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In 2022, she was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Elphick_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Gladys Elphick Awards">Perpetual Gladys Elphick Award</a>, for Lifetime Achievement.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academia">Academia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Academia">edit</a>]</div> In 2000 O'Donoghue was awarded an honorary professorial fellow at <a href="/wiki/Flinders_University" title="Flinders University">Flinders University</a> and became a visiting fellow at Flinders University.<a href="#cite_note-rnw-16">[15]</a> O'Donoghue received at least six <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary doctorates</a> Australian universities.<a href="#cite_note-48">[b]</a> These include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a> (law)<a href="#cite_note-rnw-16">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame University">Notre Dame University</a> (law)<a href="#cite_note-rnw-16">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flinders_University" title="Flinders University">Flinders University</a><a href="#cite_note-rnw-16">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Australia" title="University of South Australia">University of South Australia</a><a href="#cite_note-rnw-16">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technology" title="Queensland University of Technology">Queensland University of Technology</a><a href="#cite_note-rnw-16">[15]</a></li> <li>In September 2021, O'Donoghue was awarded an honorary doctorate from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Adelaide" title="University of Adelaide">University of Adelaide</a> for her "lifetime contribution to the advancement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rights, leading to significant outcomes in health, education, political representation, land rights and reconciliation".<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biography">Biography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</div> In September 2020, an authorised biography of her life titled Lowitja: The Authorised Biography of Lowitja O'Donoghue, written by Stuart Rintoul, was published.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> Rintoul formerly journalist and senior writer at <a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a>, is also an expert in Indigenous languages and history. The book was shortlisted for a <a href="/wiki/Walkley_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Walkley Award">Walkley Award</a> for Best Non-Fiction Book, and was highly commended in the <a href="/wiki/National_Biography_Award" title="National Biography Award">National Biography Awards</a> in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lowitja_O'Donoghue_Oration">Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration">edit</a>]</div> Since her inaugural oration at the <a href="/wiki/Don_Dunstan_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Dunstan Foundation">Don Dunstan Foundation</a> in 2007, the Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration has been held annually by the Foundation at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Adelaide" title="University of Adelaide">University of Adelaide</a>, with a series of speakers illuminating aspects of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>' past and future in Australian society.<a href="#cite_note-oration-51">[49]</a> It is held each year in <a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconciliation Week">Reconciliation Week</a>, with the 2007 event celebrating the 40th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/1967_Australian_referendum_(Aboriginals)" title="1967 Australian referendum (Aboriginals)">1967 referendum</a>. Each orator was chosen by O'Donoghue.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> <div>Speakers have included:<a href="#cite_note-oration-51">[49]</a> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>2007: Lowitja O'Donoghue</li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Costello" title="Tim Costello">Tim Costello</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Huggins" title="Jackie Huggins">Jackie Huggins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Chaney" title="Fred Chaney">Fred Chaney</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Martin_(television_presenter)" title="Ray Martin (television presenter)">Ray Martin</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Paul Keating</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kirby_(judge)" title="Michael Kirby (judge)">Michael Kirby</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Havnen" title="Olga Havnen">Olga Havnen</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Pat_Dodson" title="Pat Dodson">Pat Dodson</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Langton" title="Marcia Langton">Marcia Langton</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Arnold" title="Lynn Arnold">Lynn Arnold</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Brennan_(priest)" title="Frank Brennan (priest)">Frank Brennan</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Noel_Pearson" title="Noel Pearson">Noel Pearson</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rathman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Rathman (page does not exist)">David Rathman</a></li> <li>2020: No event due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">COVID-19 pandemic in Australia</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Pat_Anderson_(human_rights_advocate)" title="Pat Anderson (human rights advocate)">Pat Anderson</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Linda_Burney" title="Linda Burney">Linda Burney</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Calma" title="Tom Calma">Tom Calma</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lowitja_Institute">Lowitja Institute</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lowitja Institute">edit</a>]</div> The Lowitja Institute is a national research centre known as a <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Research_Centre" title="Cooperative Research Centre">Cooperative Research Centre</a> or CRC, focusing on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. It was established in January 2010 and named in honour of its patron.<a href="#cite_note-liabout-53">[51]</a> The Lowitja Institute Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health CRC (also known as the Lowitja Institute CRC), funded by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres programme, was part of the Institute until 30 June 2019. The history of this and the whole Lowitja Institute dates from the first CRC, the CRC for Aboriginal and Tropical Health (CRCATH), which was founded in <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a> in 1997 with Lowitja as inaugural chair. Based on its success, two further CRCs were funded by the government: CRC for Aboriginal Health (CRCAH, 2003–2009), followed by the CRC for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (CRCATSIH, 2010–2014), this time hosted by the new Lowitja Institute.<a href="#cite_note-lihsit-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> The Lowitja Institute CRC developed three research programmes and conducted workshops.<a href="#cite_note-licrc-55">[53]</a> Both the Institute and the CRCs have led reform in Indigenous health research, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people determining the outcomes.<a href="#cite_note-liabout-53">[51]</a> As of January 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are 12 member organisations of the Lowitja Institute, including <a href="/wiki/AIATSIS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIATSIS">AIATSIS</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Indigenous_Doctors%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian Indigenous Doctors' Association (page does not exist)">Australian Indigenous Doctors' Association</a> (AIDA), <a href="/wiki/Flinders_University" title="Flinders University">Flinders University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Menzies_School_of_Health_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Menzies School of Health Research">Menzies School of Health Research</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Healing_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Healing Foundation">Healing Foundation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> Directors of the Institute include <a href="/wiki/June_Oscar" title="June Oscar">June Oscar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_Anderson_(human_rights_advocate)" title="Pat Anderson (human rights advocate)">Pat Anderson</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Buckskin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Buckskin (page does not exist)">Peter Buckskin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> The Institute provides project grants for up to three years to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisations or groups undertaking research focused on improving Indigenous health and wellbeing. The main requirement is that the research aligns with the themes of the Lowitja Institute Research Agenda of empowerment, sovereignty, connectedness, and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_competence_in_healthcare" title="Cultural competence in healthcare">cultural safety in the healthcare setting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lowitja_O'Donoghue_Foundation">Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation">edit</a>]</div> On 1 August 2022, the day on which O'Donoghue celebrated her 90th birthday, the Lowitja Institute announced the establishment of the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation. The Foundation is a <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Charitable organisation">charitable organisation</a> which seeks funding for scholarships to assist Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people to pursue nursing studies or to work in the public service sector; and to build an archive and educational resources relating to O'Donoghue's life and achievements.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_personal_life">Marriage and personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Marriage and personal life">edit</a>]</div> In 1979 O'Donoghue married Gordon Smart, a medical orderly at the <a href="/wiki/Repatriation_General_Hospital,_Daw_Park" title="Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park">Repatriation Hospital</a>, whom she had first met in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-money2014-60">[58]</a> He died in 1991<a href="#cite_note-king2024-7">[6]</a> or 1992. He had six adult children from a previous marriage,<a href="#cite_note-money2014-60">[58]</a> but they had no children together.<a href="#cite_note-king2024-7">[6]</a> She cited <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King">Martin Luther King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_Tutu" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop Tutu">Archbishop Tutu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Dunstan" title="Don Dunstan">Don Dunstan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Paul Keating</a> as having provided inspiration to her, and also praised the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_government" title="Fraser government">Fraser government</a> for having passed the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rights_Act_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rights Act 1976">Land Rights Act</a> in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-cockburn1997-26">[25]</a> Featured on ABC Television's <a href="/wiki/Compass_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Compass (Australian TV program)">Compass</a> in 1997, O'Donoghue said that she felt "angry about the policy that removed us and also took away our culture, took away our language and took away our families... [and] about the mission authorities for not in fact keeping in touch with my mother and at least sending her some photographs so she could know that we were OK and what we looked like".<a href="#cite_note-gage2024-61">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life,_death_and_legacy">Later life, death and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later life, death and legacy">edit</a>]</div> O'Donoghue retired from public life in 2008, and in her later years was cared for by her family on <a href="/wiki/Kaurna" title="Kaurna">Kaurna</a> land in South Australia.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-17">[16]</a> On 4 February 2024 her family announced in a statement she had died in <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>. O'Donoghue was 91.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-gage2024-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-king2024-7">[6]</a> On 8 March 2024, a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Cathedral,_Adelaide" title="St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide">St Peter’s Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Adelaide" title="North Adelaide">North Adelaide</a>, which was attended by prime minister <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a>,<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> Minister for Indigenous Australians <a href="/wiki/Linda_Burney" title="Linda Burney">Linda Burney</a>, governor-general of Australia <a href="/wiki/David_Hurley" title="David Hurley">David Hurley</a>, South Australian premier <a href="/wiki/Peter_Malinauskas" title="Peter Malinauskas">Peter Malinauskas</a>, and governor of South Australia <a href="/wiki/Frances_Adamson" title="Frances Adamson">Frances Adamson</a>, Lowitja Foundation chair <a href="/wiki/Pat_Anderson_(human_rights_advocate)" title="Pat Anderson (human rights advocate)">Pat Anderson</a>, and hundreds of relatives, friends, and supporters. Oscar played tribute to her "enormous contribution", saying "Dr O'Donoghue had an extraordinary lifelong career of service [and] she played a leading role in many of the major political movements across her long lifetime".<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_2-1">b</a> The date 1 August 1932 was assigned by missionaries after she was placed at the <a href="/wiki/Colebrook_Home" title="Colebrook Home">Colebrook Home</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202040–41-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Although a few sources suggest that she also had one from <a href="/wiki/Murdoch_University" title="Murdoch University">Murdoch University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> her name is not listed on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uwa.edu.au/about-us/rankings-reputation/awards/honorary?#undefined">Murdoch University list of honourees</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202040–41-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERintoul202040–41_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERintoul202040–41_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERintoul202040–41_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERintoul202040–41_1-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFRintoul2020">Rintoul 2020</a>, pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202040-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERintoul202040_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRintoul2020">Rintoul 2020</a>, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-mallett2018-4"><a href="#cite_ref-mallett2018_4-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMallett2018" class="citation book cs1">Mallett, A. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XFXYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA120">The Boys from St Francis: Stories of the remarkable Aboriginal activists, artists and athletes who grew up in one seaside home</a>. Wakefield Press. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74305-580-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74305-580-9"><bdi>978-1-74305-580-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209045748/https://books.google.com/books?id=XFXYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boys+from+St+Francis%3A+Stories+of+the+remarkable+Aboriginal+activists%2C+artists+and+athletes+who+grew+up+in+one+seaside+home&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Wakefield+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-74305-580-9&rft.aulast=Mallett&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXFXYDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lowitja-ODonoghue">"Lowitja O'Donoghue"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401084153/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lowitja-ODonoghue">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2022. 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Retrieved 1 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Women+and+Leadership+in+Twentieth-Century+Australia&rft.atitle=O%27Donoghue%2C+Lowitja+%28Lois%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenaustralia.info%2Fleaders%2Fbiogs%2FWLE0354b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-king2024-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-king2024_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-king2024_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-king2024_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-king2024_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-king2024_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-king2024_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-king2024_7-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-king2024_7-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-king2024_7-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-king2024_7-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2024" class="citation web cs1">King, Jennifer (4 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/feb/04/lowitja-odonoghue-formidable-advocate-for-aboriginal-australians-who-overcame-adversity-and-prejudice">"Lowitja O'Donoghue: formidable advocate for Aboriginal Australians who overcame adversity and prejudice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204041942/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/feb/04/lowitja-odonoghue-formidable-advocate-for-aboriginal-australians-who-overcame-adversity-and-prejudice">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2024. 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Lowitja Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210114031853/https://www.lowitja.org.au/page/about-us/patron">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lowitja+Institute&rft.atitle=Our+Patron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowitja.org.au%2Fpage%2Fabout-us%2Fpatron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202024–25-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERintoul202024–25_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRintoul2020">Rintoul 2020</a>, pp. 24–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202028–29-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERintoul202028–29_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRintoul2020">Rintoul 2020</a>, pp. 28–29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202033-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERintoul202033_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRintoul2020">Rintoul 2020</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERintoul202036-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERintoul202036_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRintoul2020">Rintoul 2020</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-sahistory-15"><a href="#cite_ref-sahistory_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090104000022/http://www.southaustralianhistory.com.au/colebrook.htm">"Colebrook Home"</a>. 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Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation. 6 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240205041900/https://www.lowitja.org.au/lowitja-foundation/dr-lowitja-odonoghue/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+Foundation&rft.atitle=Dr+Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+AC+CBE+DSG&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowitja.org.au%2Flowitja-foundation%2Fdr-lowitja-odonoghue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.nfsa.gov.au/module/1030/">"Lowitja O'Donoghue – Reunion"</a>. NFSA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204101805/https://dl.nfsa.gov.au/module/1030/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+%E2%80%93+Reunion&rft.pub=NFSA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.nfsa.gov.au%2Fmodule%2F1030%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-slsa-19"><a href="#cite_ref-slsa_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081020030050/http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/women_and_politics/abor1.htm">"Lowitja O'Donoghue—Elder of our nation"</a>. State Library of South Australia. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/women_and_politics/abor1.htm">the original</a> on 20 October 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue%E2%80%94Elder+of+our+nation&rft.pub=State+Library+of+South+Australia&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slsa.sa.gov.au%2Fwomen_and_politics%2Fabor1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ausbio-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ausbio_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ausbio_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donoghue1994" class="citation interview cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O'Donoghue, Lowitja</a> (22 March 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/australian-biography-lowitja-lois-odonoghue">"Lowitja O'Donoghue"</a>. Australian Biography (Interview). Interviewed by Robin Hughes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220105312/https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/australian-biography-lowitja-lois-odonoghue">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Biography&rft.atitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue&rft.date=1994-03-22&rft.aulast=O%27Donoghue&rft.aufirst=Lowitja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfsa.gov.au%2Fcollection%2Fcurated%2Faustralian-biography-lowitja-lois-odonoghue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldtoday-21"><a href="#cite_ref-worldtoday_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2001" class="citation news cs1">Barrett, Rebecca (23 February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/stories/s250904.htm">"Stolen generation debate re-ignited"</a>. The World Today. ABC Local Radio. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081123055211/http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/stories/s250904.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Today&rft.atitle=Stolen+generation+debate+re-ignited&rft.date=2001-02-23&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fworldtoday%2Fstories%2Fs250904.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nfsa-22"><a href="#cite_ref-nfsa_22-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.nfsa.gov.au/clip/odonreu">National Film and Sound Archive > Lowitja O'Donoghue – The Stolen Generation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706121712/http://dl.nfsa.gov.au/clip/odonreu/">Archived</a> 6 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 14 May 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-nurse-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nurse_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nurse_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nurse_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nurse_23-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files//digitised_collections/dawn_index/v11/s08/17.pdf">"Nurse goes to India"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(magazine)" title="Dawn (magazine)">Dawn</a>. 11 (8): 15. 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Retrieved 5 February 2024 – via AIATSIS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Nurse+goes+to+India&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1962-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faiatsis.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F%2Fdigitised_collections%2Fdawn_index%2Fv11%2Fs08%2F17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files//digitised_collections/dawn_index/v11/s08/1.pdf">Front page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321075218/https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files//digitised_collections/dawn_index/v11/s08/1.pdf">Archived</a> 21 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles2024" class="citation web cs1">Knowles, Rachael (5 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/dr-lowitja-odonogue-spent-her-life-advocating-for-indigenous-health-but-who-was-she/g649cynvm">"Dr Lowitja O'Donoghue spent her life advocating for Indigenous health. Look back at her amazing achievements"</a>. NITV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240205203953/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/dr-lowitja-odonogue-spent-her-life-advocating-for-indigenous-health-but-who-was-she/g649cynvm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NITV&rft.atitle=Dr+Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+spent+her+life+advocating+for+Indigenous+health.+Look+back+at+her+amazing+achievements&rft.date=2024-02-05&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Rachael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Farticle%2Fdr-lowitja-odonogue-spent-her-life-advocating-for-indigenous-health-but-who-was-she%2Fg649cynvm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-naidoc-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-naidoc_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-naidoc_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-naidoc_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-naidoc_25-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-naidoc_25-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naidoc.org.au/awards/winner-profiles/lowitja-odonoghue">"Lowitja O'Donoghue"</a>. NAIDOC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116122926/https://www.naidoc.org.au/awards/winner-profiles/lowitja-odonoghue">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NAIDOC&rft.atitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naidoc.org.au%2Fawards%2Fwinner-profiles%2Flowitja-odonoghue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cockburn1997-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cockburn1997_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cockburn1997_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cockburn1997_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cockburn1997_26-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cockburn1997_26-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockburn1998" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Cockburn" title="Stewart Cockburn">Cockburn, Stewart</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://women-and-politics.collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/abor1.htm">"Lowitja O'Donoghue—Elder of our nation"</a>. Women and Politics in South Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608023139/https://women-and-politics.collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/abor1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2024 – via <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_South_Australia" title="State Library of South Australia">State Library of South Australia</a>. <q>The following extract from the chapter on her life, 'Elder of our nation', has been adapted from Stewart Cockburn's book Notable lives: profiles of 21 South Australians (Adelaide, Ferguson Publications, 1997)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Women+and+Politics+in+South+Australia&rft.atitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue%E2%80%94Elder+of+our+nation&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Cockburn&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwomen-and-politics.collections.slsa.sa.gov.au%2Fabor1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett1999" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Scott Cecil (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40500415">White politics and Black Australians</a>. St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86448-703-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-86448-703-8"><bdi>1-86448-703-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40500415">40500415</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240206084753/https://search.worldcat.org/title/40500415">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+politics+and+Black+Australians&rft.place=St.+Leonards%2C+NSW%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40500415&rft.isbn=1-86448-703-8&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Scott+Cecil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F40500415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://australianoftheyear.org.au/recipients/l-odonoghue-ac-cbe">"L O'Donoghue AC CBE"</a>. Australian of the Year. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240205041715/https://australianoftheyear.org.au/recipients/l-odonoghue-ac-cbe">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+of+the+Year&rft.atitle=L+O%27Donoghue+AC+CBE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faustralianoftheyear.org.au%2Frecipients%2Fl-odonoghue-ac-cbe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lowitja-ODonoghue">"Lowitja O'Donoghue"</a>. Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401084153/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lowitja-ODonoghue">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FLowitja-ODonoghue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tickner-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tickner_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tickner_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTickner2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Tickner" title="Robert Tickner">Tickner, Robert</a> (2001). Taking a stand land rights to reconciliation: Land Rights to Reconciliation. Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86508-051-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-86508-051-9"><bdi>1-86508-051-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taking+a+stand+land+rights+to+reconciliation%3A+Land+Rights+to+Reconciliation&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-86508-051-9&rft.aulast=Tickner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article255550008">"Dr Lowitja O'Donoghue first indigenous person to deliver Australia Day Address"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Torres_News" title="Torres News">Torres News</a>. No. 378. Queensland, Australia. 14 January 2000. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209045750/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/255550008">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Torres+News&rft.atitle=Dr+Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+first+indigenous+person+to+deliver+Australia+Day+Address&rft.issue=378&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2000-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article255550008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hawkecentre-32"><a href="#cite_ref-hawkecentre_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160329080923/http://www.unisa.edu.au/Business-community/Hawke-Centre/Patrons/#O%27Donoghue">"The Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre > Patrons"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Australia" title="University of South Australia">University of South Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unisa.edu.au/Business-community/Hawke-Centre/Patrons/#O%27Donoghue">the original</a> on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bob+Hawke+Prime+Ministerial+Centre+%3E+Patrons&rft.pub=University+of+South+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unisa.edu.au%2FBusiness-community%2FHawke-Centre%2FPatrons%2F%23O%2527Donoghue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/872333">"Australian Honours: Miss Lois O'DONOGHUE"</a>. Australian Honours Search Facility. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Prime_Minister_and_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)">Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404145121/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/872333">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023. <q>AKA Mrs Smart.CBE NY1983 COM LIST. AM AD 1976 COM LIST. For service to the Aboriginal community</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Honours+Search+Facility&rft.atitle=Australian+Honours%3A+Miss+Lois+O%27DONOGHUE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhonours.pmc.gov.au%2Fhonours%2Fawards%2F872333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Australia list: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette49213" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/49213/supplement/42">"No. 49213"</a>. The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1982. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+49213&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1982-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F49213%2Fsupplement%2F42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis,_Wendy2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Lewis" title="Wendy Lewis">Lewis, Wendy</a> (2010). Australians of the Year. Pier 9 Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74196-809-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74196-809-5"><bdi>978-1-74196-809-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australians+of+the+Year&rft.pub=Pier+9+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-74196-809-5&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBE-36"><a href="#cite_ref-CBE_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1065477">"Name: Miss Lois O'DONOGHUE; Award: The Order of the British Empire - Commander (Civil) (Imperial)"</a>. Australian Honours Search Facility. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Prime_Minister_and_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)">Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404145119/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1065477">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2024. <q>Citation: Aboriginal community (Mrs Smart)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Honours+Search+Facility&rft.atitle=Name%3A+Miss+Lois+O%27DONOGHUE%3B+Award%3A+The+Order+of+the+British+Empire+-+Commander+%28Civil%29+%28Imperial%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhonours.pmc.gov.au%2Fhonours%2Fawards%2F1065477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ausyear-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Ausyear_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090615174409/http://www.australianoftheyear.org.au/pages/page81.asp">"Australians of the year – 1984"</a>. National Australia Day Committee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.australianoftheyear.org.au/pages/page81.asp">the original</a> on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australians+of+the+year+%E2%80%93+1984&rft.pub=National+Australia+Day+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.australianoftheyear.org.au%2Fpages%2Fpage81.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AC-38"><a href="#cite_ref-AC_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/874034">"Name: Dr Lowitja (Lois) O'Donoghue, AC, CBE; Award: Companion of the Order of Australia"</a>. Australian Honours Search Facility. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Prime_Minister_and_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)">Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404145119/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/874034">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Honours+Search+Facility&rft.atitle=Name%3A+Dr+Lowitja+%28Lois%29+O%27Donoghue%2C+AC%2C+CBE%3B+Award%3A+Companion+of+the+Order+of+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhonours.pmc.gov.au%2Fhonours%2Fawards%2F874034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AD1999Gazette-39"><a href="#cite_ref-AD1999Gazette_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article240377440">"Australia Day 1999 Honours"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia_Gazette._Special" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. Special">Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. Special</a>. No. S16. Australia. 26 January 1999. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240206084743/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/240377440">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2023 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+of+Australia+Gazette.+Special&rft.atitle=Australia+Day+1999+Honours&rft.issue=S16&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1999-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article240377440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aoc-40"><a href="#cite_ref-aoc_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corporate.olympics.com.au/index.cfm?p=53">"Recipients of the AOC Olympic Order"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Olympic_Committee" title="Australian Olympic Committee">Australian Olympic Committee</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723125918/http://corporate.olympics.com.au/index.cfm?p=53">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recipients+of+the+AOC+Olympic+Order&rft.pub=Australian+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.olympics.com.au%2Findex.cfm%3Fp%3D53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lowitja.org.au/our-patron">"Our Patron, Dr Lowitja O'Donoghue AC CBE DSG"</a>. The Lowitja Institute. Australian Government Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325143544/http://www.lowitja.org.au/our-patron">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lowitja+Institute&rft.atitle=Our+Patron%2C+Dr+Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+AC+CBE+DSG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowitja.org.au%2Four-patron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cathnews.acu.edu.au/511/doc/28adel.html">Catholic News > Pope honours 7 South Australians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140515163815/http://cathnews.acu.edu.au/511/doc/28adel.html">Archived</a> 15 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 14 May 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-instpatron-43"><a href="#cite_ref-instpatron_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lowitja.org.au/page/about-us/patron">"Our Patron"</a>. Lowitja Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626053451/https://www.lowitja.org.au/page/about-us/patron">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lowitja+Institute&rft.atitle=Our+Patron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowitja.org.au%2Fpage%2Fabout-us%2Fpatron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://australiapostcollectables.com.au/stamp-issues/australian-legends-2017">"Australian Legends 2017: Indigenous Leaders"</a>. Australia Post Collectables. 29 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131081214/https://australiapostcollectables.com.au/stamp-issues/australian-legends-2017">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australia+Post+Collectables&rft.atitle=Australian+Legends+2017%3A+Indigenous+Leaders&rft.date=2017-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faustraliapostcollectables.com.au%2Fstamp-issues%2Faustralian-legends-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gladyselphickawards.com/past-recipients">"Past Recipients"</a>. Gladys Elphick Awards. Retrieved 30 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gladys+Elphick+Awards&rft.atitle=Past+Recipients&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gladyselphickawards.com%2Fpast-recipients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoney2012" class="citation web cs1">Money, Lawrence (22 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/once-more-unto-the-breach-dear-girl-20120422-1xf05.html">"Once more unto the breach, dear girl"</a>. The Age. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240205114810/https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/once-more-unto-the-breach-dear-girl-20120422-1xf05.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Once+more+unto+the+breach%2C+dear+girl&rft.date=2012-04-22&rft.aulast=Money&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Fvictoria%2Fonce-more-unto-the-breach-dear-girl-20120422-1xf05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelham1996" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daryl_Melham" title="Daryl Melham">Melham, Daryl</a> (5 December 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansardr%2F1996-12-05%2F0100%22">"ADJOURNMENT : O'Donoghue, Ms Lois"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Adelaide&rft.atitle=Honorary+doctorate+to+be+awarded+to+Dr+Lowitja+O%27Donoghue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaide.edu.au%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews%2Flist%2F2021%2F09%2F22%2Fhonorary-doctorate-to-be-awarded-to-dr-lowitja-odonoghue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A33738">"Stuart Rintoul"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AustLit" title="AustLit">AustLit</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240205065210/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A33738">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AustLit&rft.atitle=Stuart+Rintoul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlit.edu.au%2Faustlit%2Fpage%2FA33738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oration-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oration_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oration_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dunstan.org.au/event-type/lodo-oration/">"Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Don_Dunstan_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Dunstan Foundation">Don Dunstan Foundation</a>. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220601040656/https://www.dunstan.org.au/event-type/lodo-oration/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Don+Dunstan+Foundation&rft.atitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+Oration&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunstan.org.au%2Fevent-type%2Flodo-oration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dunstan.org.au/events/lodo21/">"Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration 2021: Pat Anderson AO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Don_Dunstan_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Dunstan Foundation">Don Dunstan Foundation</a>. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220601040405/https://www.dunstan.org.au/events/lodo21/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Don+Dunstan+Foundation&rft.atitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+Oration+2021%3A+Pat+Anderson+AO&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunstan.org.au%2Fevents%2Flodo21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-liabout-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-liabout_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-liabout_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lowitja.org.au/page/about-us">"About"</a>. Lowitja Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111054503/https://www.lowitja.org.au/page/about-us">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lowitja+Institute&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowitja.org.au%2Fpage%2Fabout-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lihsit-54"><a href="#cite_ref-lihsit_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lowitja.org.au/page/about-us/our-history">"Our History"</a>. Lowitja Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111225338/https://www.lowitja.org.au/page/about-us/our-history">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lowitja+Institute&rft.atitle=Our+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowitja.org.au%2Fpage%2Fabout-us%2Four-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-licrc-55"><a href="#cite_ref-licrc_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lowitja.org.au/page/about-us/lowitja-institute-CRC">"The Lowitja Institute CRC"</a>. Lowitja Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111050450/https://www.lowitja.org.au/page/about-us/lowitja-institute-CRC">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2021. 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Retrieved 8 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Aboriginal+leader+Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+farewelled+with+PM+paying+tribute+to+%27her+remarkable+power%27&rft.date=2024-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2024%2Fmar%2F08%2Faboriginal-leader-lowitja-odonoghue-farewelled-with-pm-paying-tribute-to-her-remarkable-power&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDayman2024" class="citation web cs1">Dayman, Isabel (8 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-03-08/lowitja-o-donoghue-farewelled-in-state-funeral/103563590">"Celebrated Indigenous leader Dr Lowitja O'Donoghue farewelled in state funeral"</a>. ABC News. Retrieved 8 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Celebrated+Indigenous+leader+Dr+Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+farewelled+in+state+funeral&rft.date=2024-03-08&rft.aulast=Dayman&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2024-03-08%2Flowitja-o-donoghue-farewelled-in-state-funeral%2F103563590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRintoul2020" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Rintoul_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart Rintoul (journalist)">Rintoul, Stuart</a> (2020), Lowitja: The authorised biography of Lowitja O'Donoghue, Allen & Unwin, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-76087-560-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-76087-560-2"><bdi>978-1-76087-560-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lowitja%3A+The+authorised+biography+of+Lowitja+O%27Donoghue&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-76087-560-2&rft.aulast=Rintoul&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArabenaMoodie2011" class="citation journal cs1">Arabena, Kerry; Moodie, David (16 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2011/194/10/lowitja-institute-building-national-strategic-research-agenda-improve-health">"The Lowitja Institute: building a national strategic research agenda to improve the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples"</a>. The Medical Journal of Australia. 194 (10): 532–534. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.2011.tb03091.x">10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03091.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21644902">21644902</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35786105">35786105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Medical+Journal+of+Australia&rft.atitle=The+Lowitja+Institute%3A+building+a+national+strategic+research+agenda+to+improve+the+health+of+Aboriginal+and+Torres+Strait+Islander+peoples&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=532-534&rft.date=2011-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A35786105%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21644902&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.2011.tb03091.x&rft.aulast=Arabena&rft.aufirst=Kerry&rft.au=Moodie%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mja.com.au%2Fjournal%2F2011%2F194%2F10%2Flowitja-institute-building-national-strategic-research-agenda-improve-health&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowitja+O%27Donoghue" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414014903/http://w3.unisa.edu.au/hawkecentre/patrons/Archive/ODonoghue.asp">Hawke Centre, University of South Australia > Patrons > Professor Lowitja O'Donoghue AC CBE</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowitja_O%27Donoghue&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lowitja.org.au/">The Lowitja Institute</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winners_of_the_Australian_of_the_Year_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australians_of_the_Year" title="Template:Australians of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australians_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Australians of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australians_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australians of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winners_of_the_Australian_of_the_Year_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_of_the_Year_Award_recipients" title="List of Australian of the Year Award recipients">Winners</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_of_the_Year" title="Australian of the Year">Australian of the Year</a> Award</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1960 <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Burnet</a></li> <li>1961 <a href="/wiki/Joan_Sutherland" title="Joan Sutherland">Joan Sutherland</a></li> <li>1962 <a href="/wiki/Jock_Sturrock" title="Jock Sturrock">Jock Sturrock</a></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">John Eccles</a></li> <li>1964 <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Fraser" title="Dawn Fraser">Dawn Fraser</a></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Helpmann" title="Robert Helpmann">Robert Helpmann</a></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Jack_Brabham" title="Jack Brabham">Jack Brabham</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/The_Seekers" title="The Seekers">The Seekers</a></li> <li>1968 <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Rose" title="Lionel Rose">Lionel Rose</a></li> <li>1969 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Casey,_Baron_Casey" title="Richard Casey, Baron Casey">Lord Casey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970 <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas_Gilroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Thomas Gilroy">Norman Gilroy</a></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Evonne_Goolagong_Cawley" title="Evonne Goolagong Cawley">Evonne Goolagong</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/Shane_Gould" title="Shane Gould">Shane Gould</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Heinze" title="Bernard Heinze">Bernard Heinze</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alan_Stretton" title="Alan Stretton">Alan Stretton</a></li> <li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Weary_Dunlop" title="Weary Dunlop">Edward Dunlop</a></li> <li>1977 <a href="/wiki/Raigh_Roe" title="Raigh Roe">Raigh Roe</a>/<a href="/wiki/Murray_Tyrrell" title="Murray Tyrrell">Murray Tyrrell</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bond" title="Alan Bond">Alan Bond</a>/<a href="/wiki/Galarrwuy_Yunupingu" title="Galarrwuy Yunupingu">Galarrwuy Yunupingu</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Neville_Bonner" title="Neville Bonner">Neville Bonner</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_Butler" title="Harry Butler">Harry Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1980 <a href="/wiki/Manning_Clark" title="Manning Clark">Manning Clark</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/John_Crawford_(economist)" title="John Crawford (economist)">John Crawford</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Williams_(Queensland_judge)" title="Edward Williams (Queensland judge)">Edward Williams</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Castella" title="Robert de Castella">Robert de Castella</a></li> <li>1984 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lowitja O'Donoghue</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hogan" title="Paul Hogan">Paul Hogan</a></li> <li>1986 <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(entrepreneur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Smith (entrepreneur)">Dick Smith</a></li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/John_Farnham" title="John Farnham">John Farnham</a></li> <li>1988 <a href="/wiki/Kay_Cottee" title="Kay Cottee">Kay Cottee</a></li> <li>1989 <a href="/wiki/Allan_Border" title="Allan Border">Allan Border</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hollows" title="Fred Hollows">Fred Hollows</a></li> <li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hollingworth" title="Peter Hollingworth">Peter Hollingworth</a></li> <li>1992 <a href="/wiki/Mandawuy_Yunupingu" title="Mandawuy Yunupingu">Mandawuy Yunupingu</a></li> <li>1993 no award</li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Ian_Kiernan" title="Ian Kiernan">Ian Kiernan</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Boyd" title="Arthur Boyd">Arthur Boyd</a></li> <li>1996 <a href="/wiki/John_Yu" title="John Yu">John Yu</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Doherty">Peter Doherty</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Freeman" title="Cathy Freeman">Cathy Freeman</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Mark_Taylor_(cricketer)" title="Mark Taylor (cricketer)">Mark Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Nossal" title="Gustav Nossal">Gustav Nossal</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cosgrove" title="Peter Cosgrove">Peter Cosgrove</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Pat_Rafter" title="Pat Rafter">Pat Rafter</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Stanley" title="Fiona Stanley">Fiona Stanley</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Steve_Waugh" title="Steve Waugh">Steve Waugh</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Wood" title="Fiona Wood">Fiona Wood</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Ian_Frazer" title="Ian Frazer">Ian Frazer</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Tim_Flannery" title="Tim Flannery">Tim Flannery</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kernaghan" title="Lee Kernaghan">Lee Kernaghan</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Mick_Dodson" title="Mick Dodson">Mick Dodson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGorry" title="Patrick McGorry">Patrick McGorry</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Simon_McKeon" title="Simon McKeon">Simon McKeon</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Ita_Buttrose" title="Ita Buttrose">Ita Buttrose</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Adam_Goodes" title="Adam Goodes">Adam Goodes</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Batty" title="Rosie Batty">Rosie Batty</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/David_Morrison" title="David Morrison">David Morrison</a></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/Alan_Mackay-Sim" title="Alan Mackay-Sim">Alan Mackay-Sim</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Simmons" title="Michelle Simmons">Michelle Simmons</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Craig_Challen" title="Craig Challen">Craig Challen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris_(anaesthetist)" title="Richard Harris (anaesthetist)">Richard Harris</a> (joint)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020 <a href="/wiki/James_Muecke" title="James Muecke">James Muecke</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/Grace_Tame" title="Grace Tame">Grace Tame</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Alcott" title="Dylan Alcott">Dylan Alcott</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/Taryn_Brumfitt" title="Taryn Brumfitt">Taryn Brumfitt</a></li> <li>2024 <a href="/wiki/Georgina_Long" title="Georgina Long">Georgina Long</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Scolyer" title="Richard Scolyer">Richard Scolyer</a> (joint)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aboriginal_peoples_of_South_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template:Aboriginal South Australians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template talk:Aboriginal South Australians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aboriginal South Australians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aboriginal_peoples_of_South_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples of South Australia">Aboriginal peoples of South Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha" title="Adnyamathanha">Adnyamathanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antakirinja_people" title="Antakirinja people">Antakirinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabana_people" title="Arabana people">Arabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_people" title="Barngarla people">Barngarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodaruwitj" title="Bodaruwitj">Bodaruwitj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungandidj_people" title="Bungandidj people">Bungandidj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhirari" title="Dhirari">Dhirari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyari" title="Diyari">Dieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarildekald_people" title="Jarildekald people">Jarildekald</a>, (including the <a href="/wiki/Mulbarapa" title="Mulbarapa">Mulbarapa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karangura" title="Karangura">Karangura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaurna" title="Kaurna">Kaurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokatha" title="Kokatha">Kokatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyani" title="Kuyani">Kuyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malyangapa" title="Malyangapa">Malyangapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maralinga_Tjarutja" title="Maralinga Tjarutja">Maralinga Tjarutja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardidjali" title="Mardidjali">Mardidjali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meintangk_people" title="Meintangk people">Meintangk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirning" title="Mirning">Mirning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narungga" title="Narungga">Narungga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauo_people" title="Nauo people">Nauo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaanyatjarra" title="Ngaanyatjarra">Ngaanyatjarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadjuri" title="Ngadjuri">Ngadjuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngayawang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngayawang">Ngayawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalia_(Western_Desert)" title="Ngalia (Western Desert)">Ngalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngameni" title="Ngameni">Ngameni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngangaruku" title="Ngangaruku">Ngangaruku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaralda" title="Ngaralda">Ngaralda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarkat" title="Ngarkat">Ngarkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarrindjeri" title="Ngarrindjeri">Ngarrindjeri</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawadj" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngawadj">Ngawadj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngintait" title="Ngintait">Ngintait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngurunta" title="Ngurunta">Ngurunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukunu" title="Nukunu">Nukunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peramangk" title="Peramangk">Peramangk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatapa" title="Pilatapa">Pilatapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitjantjatjara" title="Pitjantjatjara">Pitjantjatjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portaulun_people" title="Portaulun people">Portaulun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramindjeri" title="Ramindjeri">Ramindjeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganekald_people" title="Tanganekald people">Tanganekald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangkaali" title="Thangkaali">Thangkaali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wailpi" title="Wailpi">Wailpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warki" title="Warki">Warki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_cultural_bloc" title="Western Desert cultural bloc">Western Desert people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_people" title="Wirangu people">Wirangu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wongkanguru" class="mw-redirect" title="Wongkanguru">Wongkanguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_people" title="Yandruwandha people">Yandruwandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankunytjatjara" title="Yankunytjatjara">Yankunytjatjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardliyawara" title="Yardliyawara">Yardliyawara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarluyandi" title="Yarluyandi">Yarluyandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawarrawarrka" title="Yawarrawarrka">Yawarrawarrka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yirawirung" class="mw-redirect" title="Yirawirung">Yirawirung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Pitjantjatjara_Yankunytjatjara" class="mw-redirect" title="Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara">APY Lands</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amata,_South_Australia" title="Amata, South Australia">Amaṯa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iltur" title="Iltur">Iltur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indulkana" title="Indulkana">Indulkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalka,_South_Australia" title="Kalka, South Australia">Kalka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaltjiti" title="Kaltjiti">Kaltjiti</a> (Fregon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpi" title="Kanpi">Kaṉpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiri,_South_Australia" title="Makiri, South Australia">Makiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimili,_South_Australia" title="Mimili, South Australia">Mimili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mintabie,_South_Australia" title="Mintabie, South Australia">Mintabie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyapari" title="Nyapari">Nyapaṟi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipalyatjara,_South_Australia" title="Pipalyatjara, South Australia">Pipalyatjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukatja,_South_Australia" title="Pukatja, South Australia">Pukatja</a> (Ernabella)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umuwa,_South_Australia" title="Umuwa, South Australia">Umuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watarru" title="Watarru">Watarru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunyarinyi" title="Yunyarinyi">Yunyarinyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Akenta">Akenta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poonindie,_South_Australia" title="Poonindie, South Australia">Poonindie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_South_Australia" title="Davenport, South Australia">Davenport</a> (Umeewarra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Community_Council" title="Gerard Community Council">Gerard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koonibba" title="Koonibba">Koonibba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manunka" title="Manunka">Manunka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepabunna,_South_Australia" title="Nepabunna, South Australia">Nepabunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Valley,_South_Australia" title="Oak Valley, South Australia">Oak Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Pearce,_South_Australia" title="Point Pearce, South Australia">Point Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raukkan,_South_Australia" title="Raukkan, South Australia">Raukkan</a> (Point McLeay)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Reach,_South_Australia" title="Swan Reach, South Australia">Swan Reach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalata,_South_Australia" title="Yalata, South Australia">Yalata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colebrook_Home" title="Colebrook Home">Colebrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killalpaninna_Mission" title="Killalpaninna Mission">Killalpaninna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ooldea,_South_Australia" title="Ooldea, South Australia">Ooldea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Abdulla" title="Ian Abdulla">Ian Abdulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josie_Agius" title="Josie Agius">Josie Agius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Baker_(Australian_artist)" title="Jimmy Baker (Australian artist)">Jimmy Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maringka_Baker" title="Maringka Baker">Maringka Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltpalingada_Booboorowie" title="Poltpalingada Booboorowie">Poltpalingada Booboorowie</a> (Tom Walker)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richie_Bray" title="Richie Bray">Richie Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buckskin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Buckskin">Jack Buckskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Burgoyne" title="Iris Burgoyne">Iris Burgoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Burgoyne" title="Peter Burgoyne">Peter Burgoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Burgoyne" title="Shaun Burgoyne">Shaun Burgoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Burton" title="Hector Burton">Hector Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Buzzacott" title="Kevin Buzzacott">Kevin Buzzacott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Cooper_(footballer)" title="Malcolm Cooper (footballer)">Malcolm Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Copley" title="Vince Copley">Vince Copley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyakul_Dawson" title="Nyakul Dawson">Nyakul Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Nannas" title="Deadly Nannas">Deadly Nannas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Elphick" title="Gladys Elphick">Gladys Elphick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Goldsmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevie Goldsmith">Stevie Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Goodes" title="Adam Goodes">Adam Goodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuppy_Ngintja_Goodwin" title="Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin">Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Graham" title="Cecil Graham">Cecil Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Graham_(footballer,_born_1958)" title="Colin Graham (footballer, born 1958)">Colin Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graham_(footballer)" title="Michael Graham (footballer)">Michael Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Hammond" title="Ruby Hammond">Ruby Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Hunter" title="Ruby Hunter">Ruby Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivaritji" title="Ivaritji">Ivaritji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjungkara_Ken" title="Tjungkara Ken">Tjungkara Ken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudnarto" title="Kudnarto">Kudnarto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natascha_McNamara" title="Natascha McNamara">Natascha McNamara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Mills" title="Patty Mills">Patty Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Muffler" title="Betty Muffler">Betty Muffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Nicholls" title="Douglas Nicholls">Douglas Nicholls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_O%27Brien_(Kaurna_elder)" title="Lewis O'Brien (Kaurna elder)">Lewis O'Brien</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lowitja O'Donoghue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Loughlin" title="Michael O'Loughlin">Michael O'Loughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alitya_Rigney" title="Alitya Rigney">Alitya Rigney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Rings" title="Frances Rings">Frances Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nura_Rupert" title="Nura Rupert">Nura Rupert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauto_Sansbury" title="Tauto Sansbury">Tauto Sansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Yaritja_Stevens" title="Eileen Yaritja Stevens">Eileen Yaritja Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moogy_Sumner" title="Moogy Sumner">Moogy Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Thomas" title="Faith Thomas">Faith Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Unaipon" title="David Unaipon">David Unaipon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Unaipon" title="James Unaipon">James Unaipon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Wanganeen" title="Gavin Wanganeen">Gavin Wanganeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Wanganeen" title="Natasha Wanganeen">Natasha Wanganeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Wikilyiri" title="Ginger Wikilyiri">Ginger Wikilyiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norah_Wilson" title="Norah Wilson">Norah Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Wingard" title="Chad Wingard">Chad Wingard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjayanka_Woods" title="Tjayanka Woods">Tjayanka Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Legal_Rights_Movement" title="Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement">Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Pitjantjatjara_Yankunytjatjara" class="mw-redirect" title="Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara">Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Schools" title="Anangu Schools">Aṉangu schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koonibba_Football_Club" title="Koonibba Football Club">Koonibba Football Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupa_Piti_Kungka_Tjuta" title="Kupa Piti Kungka Tjuta">Kupa Piṯi Kungka Tjuṯa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maralinga_Tjarutja" title="Maralinga Tjarutja">Maralinga Tjarutja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunga_Court" title="Nunga Court">Nunga Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauondi_Aboriginal_College" title="Tauondi Aboriginal College">Tauondi Aboriginal College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aboriginal_schools_in_South_Australia" title="List of Aboriginal schools in South Australia">List of Aboriginal schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Religion</a> and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkaroo" title="Arkaroo">Arkaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamtime">'Dreamtime'</a> (muda, mura-mura, tjukurrpa, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjilbruke" title="Tjilbruke">Tjilbruke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muldjewangk" title="Muldjewangk">Muldjewangk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngi%E1%B9%89%E1%B9%AFaka" title="Ngiṉṯaka">Ngiṉṯaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wati-kutjara" title="Wati-kutjara">Wati-kutjara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous protected areas:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watarru_Indigenous_Protected_Area" title="Watarru Indigenous Protected Area">Watarru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Willoughby_Indigenous_Protected_Area" title="Mount Willoughby Indigenous Protected Area">Mount Willoughby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Co-managed protected areas:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhilba_Guuranda-Innes_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park">Dhilba Guuranda-Innes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Price_Conservation_Park" title="Elliot Price Conservation Park">Elliot Price Conservation Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawler_Ranges_National_Park" title="Gawler Ranges National Park">Gawler Ranges National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kati_Thanda-Lake_Eyre_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park"> Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park (part)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanku-Breakaways_Conservation_Park" title="Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park">Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Gairdner_National_Park" title="Lake Gairdner National Park">Lake Gairdner National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikara%E2%80%93Flinders_Ranges_National_Park" title="Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park">Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innamincka_Regional_Reserve" title="Innamincka Regional Reserve">Innamincka Regional Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malkumba-Coongie_Lakes_National_Park" title="Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park">Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamungari_Conservation_Park" title="Mamungari Conservation Park">Mamungari Conservation Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaut_Ngaut_Conservation_Park" title="Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park">Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Wilderness_Protection_Area" title="Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area">Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Regional_Reserve" title="Nullarbor Regional Reserve">Nullarbor Regional Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pureba_Conservation_Park" title="Pureba Conservation Park">Pureba Conservation Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strzelecki_Regional_Reserve" title="Strzelecki Regional Reserve">Strzelecki Regional Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulkathunha-Gammon_Ranges_National_Park" title="Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park">Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapma_Thura%E2%80%93Southern_Flinders_Ranges_National_Park" title="Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park">Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabma_Kadarbu_Mound_Springs_Conservation_Park" title="Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park">Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witjira_National_Park" title="Witjira National Park">Witjira National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumbarra_Conservation_Park" title="Yumbarra Conservation Park">Yumbarra Conservation Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Adnyamathanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antakarinya_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Antakarinya dialect">Antakirinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabana_language" title="Arabana language">Arabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_language" title="Barngarla language">Barngarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyari_language" title="Diyari language">Dieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaurna_language" title="Kaurna language">Kaurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narungga_language" title="Narungga language">Narungga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadjuri_language" title="Ngadjuri language">Ngadjuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngamini_language" title="Ngamini language">Ngamini (Yarluyandi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarrindjeri_language" title="Ngarrindjeri language">Ngarrindjeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paakantyi_(Darling_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paakantyi (Darling language)">Paakantyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangganguru_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangganguru dialect">Wangkangurru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_language" title="Western Desert language">Western Desert language</a> (dialects: <a href="/wiki/Pitjantjatjara_dialect" title="Pitjantjatjara dialect">Pitjantjatjara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yankunytjatjara_dialect" title="Yankunytjatjara dialect">Yankunytjatjara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_language" title="Wirangu language">Wirangu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_language" title="Yandruwandha language">Yandruwandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarli_language" title="Yarli language">Yarli (Malyangapa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyu_language" title="Yuyu language">Yuyu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language groups:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Murray_languages" title="Lower Murray languages">Lower Murray languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thura-Yura_languages" title="Thura-Yura languages">Thura-Yura languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sign_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal sign languages">Sign languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Words:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%89angu" title="Aṉangu">Aṉangu (Western Desert language)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunga" title="Nunga">Nunga (Aboriginal English)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Heritage_Act_1988" title="Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988">Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Lands_Trust_Act_1966" title="Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966">Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Witnesses_Act" title="Aboriginal Witnesses Act">Aboriginal Witnesses Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anangu_Pitjantjatjara_Yankunytjatjara_Land_Rights_Act_1981" title="Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981">Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_laws_concerning_Indigenous_Australians" title="List of laws concerning Indigenous Australians">Laws concerning Indigenous Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_Patent_establishing_the_Province_of_South_Australia" title="Letters Patent establishing the Province of South Australia">Letters Patent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cases:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_native_title_claims_in_South_Australia" title="List of native title claims in South Australia">List of native title claims in South Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_reserve" title="Aboriginal reserve">Aboriginal reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aborigines%27_Friends%27_Association" title="Aborigines' Friends' Association">Aborigines' Friends' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Protection_Board" title="Aboriginal Protection Board">Aborigines Protection Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars" title="Australian frontier wars">Australian frontier wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Range_Station_massacre" title="Avenue Range Station massacre">Avenue Range Station massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_colonisation_of_South_Australia" title="British colonisation of South Australia">British colonisation of South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nuclear_tests_at_Maralinga" title="British nuclear tests at Maralinga">British nuclear tests at Maralinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/McClelland_Royal_Commission" title="McClelland Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindmarsh_Island_Bridge_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy">Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindmarsh_Island_Royal_Commission" title="Hindmarsh Island Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Australia" title="History of South Australia">History of South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_massacre" title="Maria massacre">Maria massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Destitute_Asylum" title="Adelaide Destitute Asylum">Native School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protector_of_Aborigines" title="Protector of Aborigines">Protector of Aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Aborigines_(1913)" title="Royal Commission on the Aborigines (1913)">Royal Commission on the Aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_House" title="St Francis House">St Francis House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bringing_Them_Home" title="Bringing Them Home">Federal Parliamentary inquiry</a>))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Aborigines_Mission" title="United Aborigines Mission">United Aborigines Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Bay_massacre" title="Waterloo Bay massacre">Waterloo Bay massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="font-weight: bold;"> <dl><dt>By state or territory</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_New_South_Wales" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Queensland" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland">Queensland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template:Aboriginal South Australians">South Australia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Tasmania" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Western_Australia" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1954678/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt3TyPwKVVvVMWw3VJbh3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1239251939">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2007005525">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36587163">Australia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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