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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_screen-Redlands_Canal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Fish_screen-Redlands_Canal.jpg/220px-Fish_screen-Redlands_Canal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Fish_screen-Redlands_Canal.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Fish screen at Redlands Canal, near <a href="/wiki/Grand_Junction,_Colorado" title="Grand Junction, Colorado">Grand Junction, Colorado</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>fish screen</b> is designed to prevent fish from swimming or being drawn into an <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(watercourse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueduct (watercourse)">aqueduct</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_cooling#Industrial_usage" title="Water cooling">cooling water intake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intake_tower" title="Intake tower">intake tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dam</a> or other diversion on a <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">river</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lake</a> or waterway where water is taken for human use. They are intended to supply debris-free water without harming aquatic life. Fish screens are typically installed to protect <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a> of fishes that would otherwise be harmed or killed when passing through industrial facilities such as <a href="/wiki/Steam_electric_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam electric power plant">steam electric power plants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric</a> <a href="/wiki/Electrical_generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical generator">generators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">petroleum refineries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_plant" title="Chemical plant">chemical plants</a>, farm <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> water and municipal <a href="/wiki/Water_purification" title="Water purification">drinking water treatment</a> plants. However, many fish are killed or injured on screens or elsewhere in the intake structures.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_screen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_facilities">Industrial facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_screen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Industrial facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fish screens may be <b>positive barriers</b> (devices such as a perforated metal plate that physically prevents fish from passing) or <b>behavioral barriers</b> (devices that encourage fish to swim away). Most behavioral barriers are experimental and of unproven effectiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA-TDD_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA-TDD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 4–19">: p. 4–19 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cooling_water_intake_%26_travelling_screens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cooling_water_intake_%26_travelling_screens.jpg/220px-Cooling_water_intake_%26_travelling_screens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cooling_water_intake_%26_travelling_screens.jpg/330px-Cooling_water_intake_%26_travelling_screens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cooling_water_intake_%26_travelling_screens.jpg/440px-Cooling_water_intake_%26_travelling_screens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="1113" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of typical vertical traveling screens used with industrial cooling water intake structures</figcaption></figure> <p>Positive barriers are often effective at keeping aquatic organisms from entering a cooling system, but may also kill them by impinging them on the screens.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These barrier types are widely used and include: </p> <ul><li>Modified traveling screens</li> <li>Fish handling and return systems</li> <li>Horizontal, flat-plate screens with bypass water return systems</li> <li>Cylindrical wedge wire screens</li> <li>Fine-mesh screens</li> <li>Fish net barriers.</li></ul> <p>Besides simply preventing fish from passing, fish screens are designed to minimize stress and injury that occur when fish impact the screen or are subjected to changes in water velocity and direction caused by the diversion.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA-TDD_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA-TDD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp.4-3ff">: pp.4-3ff </span></sup> </p><p>The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) has evaluated other barrier technologies and identified some as potentially effective, although not widely demonstrated (as of 2004): </p> <ul><li>Aquatic microfiltration barriers</li> <li>Angled and modular inclined screens</li> <li>Velocity caps.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA-TDD_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA-TDD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp.4–15ff">: pp.4–15ff </span></sup></li></ul> <p>Some fish screens are designed to protect a single species of fish (for example, <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>) and are not necessarily effective at protecting other fish species. Some screens are capable of protecting more than one species or type of life. Additionally, some screens may effectively protect juvenile and adult fish, but not fish eggs and <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cost of a fish screen varies from thousands of US dollars for small, low-flow-rate screens to millions of US dollars in the case of very large custom-designed systems that filter a large flow of water. Maintenance costs can be significant, including repairs, removing trash, and adjusting the equipment for changes in stream conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-industrial_applications">Non-industrial applications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_screen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Non-industrial applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For some low volume, non-industrial water diversion applications, there are screens available that have no moving parts, do not require electricity, and have very little need for maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impacts_on_aquatic_life">Impacts on aquatic life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_screen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Impacts on aquatic life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Indian_Point.jpg/220px-Indian_Point.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Indian_Point.jpg/330px-Indian_Point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Indian_Point.jpg/440px-Indian_Point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2329" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Point_Energy_Center" title="Indian Point Energy Center">Indian Point Energy Center</a> in New York. Over a billion fish eggs and larvae were claimed to be killed in its cooling system each year while it was still operating.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many power plants and other industries in the U.S. continue to use screens that impinge fish. For example, the cooling system at the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Point_Energy_Center" title="Indian Point Energy Center">Indian Point Energy Center</a> in New York was claimed to kill over a billion fish eggs and larvae annually.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Bay Shore Power Plant in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, 46 million fish were killed over an 18-month period.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitz_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henry_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henry-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organisms that pass through the screens are killed or stressed (depending on the species) as they become entrained in the cooling system.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_2002_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 208 million fish eggs and over 2 billion small and larval fish were entrained at the Bay Shore plant over the same 18 months.<sup id="cite_ref-Henry_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henry-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EPA estimates that billions of fish and other organisms are killed each year in cooling water intakes.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_requirements">Legal requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_screen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legal requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">National Marine Fisheries Service</a>, a division of <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a>, mandates positive-barrier fishscreens in most new diversions from waterways where endangered or threatened fish species occur. Some existing unscreened diversions whose construction pre-dates fish-screen mandates are allowed to continue operating by <a href="/wiki/Grandfather_clause" title="Grandfather clause">grandfather rule</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water Act</a> requires EPA to issue <a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">regulations</a> on industrial cooling water intake structures.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency issued regulations for new facilities in 2001 (amended 2003),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for existing facilities in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_screen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entergy_Corp._v._Riverkeeper_Inc." title="Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc.">Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc.</a> - US Supreme Court decision on cooling water intake regulations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ladder" title="Fish ladder">Fish ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_weir" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish weir">Fish weir</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_screen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/cooling-power-plants.aspx#ECSArticleLink3">"Environmental and social aspects of cooling"</a>. <i>Cooling Power Plants</i>. London: World Nuclear Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cooling+Power+Plants&rft.atitle=Environmental+and+social+aspects+of+cooling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear.org%2Finformation-library%2Fcurrent-and-future-generation%2Fcooling-power-plants.aspx%23ECSArticleLink3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+screen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPA-TDD-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EPA-TDD_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA-TDD_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA-TDD_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1">"Chapter 4. Efficacy of Cooling Water Intake Structure Technologies". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/cooling-water-intakes/support-documents-phase-ii-cooling-water-intake-rule-2004-withdrawn">Technical Development Document for the Final Section 316(b) Phase II Existing Facilities Rule</a> (Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2004. EPA 821-R-04-007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Technical+Development+Document+for+the+Final+Section+316%28b%29+Phase+II+Existing+Facilities+Rule&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency+%28EPA%29&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fcooling-water-intakes%2Fsupport-documents-phase-ii-cooling-water-intake-rule-2004-withdrawn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+screen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmitz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitz_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitz_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitz,_Christy2009" class="citation news cs1">Schmitz, Christy (2009-08-19). "One Fish, Two Fish, 46 Million Lake Erie Dead Fish". <i>Toledo City Paper</i>. Toledo, OH: Adams Street Publishing Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+City+Paper&rft.atitle=One+Fish%2C+Two+Fish%2C+46+Million+Lake+Erie+Dead+Fish&rft.date=2009-08-19&rft.au=Schmitz%2C+Christy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+screen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPA_2002-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_2002_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_2002_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">EPA (2002). "National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System—Proposed Regulations to Establish Requirements for Cooling Water Intake Structures at Phase II Existing Facilities; Proposed Rule." 67 <a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">FR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/67-FR-17136">17136</a>. 2002-04-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://farmerscreen.org">"Fish Screens for Irrigation & Hydropower"</a>. Hood River, OR: Farmers Conservation Alliance<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fish+Screens+for+Irrigation+%26+Hydropower&rft.place=Hood+River%2C+OR&rft.pub=Farmers+Conservation+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffarmerscreen.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+screen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGeehan2015" class="citation news cs1">McGeehan, Patrick (2015-05-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/13/nyregion/fire-prompts-renewed-calls-to-close-the-indian-point-nuclear-plant.html">"Fire Prompts Renewed Calls to Close the Indian Point Nuclear Plant"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fire+Prompts+Renewed+Calls+to+Close+the+Indian+Point+Nuclear+Plant&rft.date=2015-05-12&rft.aulast=McGeehan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F05%2F13%2Fnyregion%2Ffire-prompts-renewed-calls-to-close-the-indian-point-nuclear-plant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+screen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henry-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henry_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henry_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2010" class="citation news cs1">Henry, Tom (2010-03-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toledoblade.com/local/2010/03/30/FirstEnergy-to-install-devices-to-divert-fish.html">"FirstEnergy to install devices to divert fish"</a>. <i>Toledo Blade</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=FirstEnergy+to+install+devices+to+divert+fish&rft.date=2010-03-30&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toledoblade.com%2Flocal%2F2010%2F03%2F30%2FFirstEnergy-to-install-devices-to-divert-fish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+screen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/cooling-water-intakes/support-documents-final-rule-existing-electric-generating-plants-and-factories">Fact Sheet: Final Regulations to Establish Requirements for Cooling Water Intake Structures at Existing Facilities</a> (Report). EPA. May 2014. EPA 821-F-14-001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheet%3A+Final+Regulations+to+Establish+Requirements+for+Cooling+Water+Intake+Structures+at+Existing+Facilities&rft.pub=EPA&rft.date=2014-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fcooling-water-intakes%2Fsupport-documents-final-rule-existing-electric-generating-plants-and-factories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFish+screen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clean Water Act, Section 316(b), <a href="/wiki/Title_33_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 33 of the United States Code">33 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/33/1316">§ 1316</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">EPA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2001-12-18/pdf/01-28968.pdf">"National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System: Regulations Addressing Cooling Water Intake Structures for New Facilities."</a> Final rule: 2001-12-18, <i>Federal Register,</i> 66 FR 65255. Amended: 2003-06-19, 68 FR 36749.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">EPA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2014-08-15/pdf/2014-12164.pdf">"National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System—Final Regulations To Establish Requirements for Cooling Water Intake Structures at Existing Facilities and Amend Requirements at Phase I Facilities"</a> Final rule. <i>Federal Register,</i> 79 FR 48300. 2014-08-15.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_screen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/cooling-water-intakes">Cooling Water Intakes</a> - U.S. EPA regulatory program</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://farmerscreen.org/dans-corner/">Install Time Lapse</a> - Time lapse video of a small fish conservation screen being installed</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries<br />science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_dynamics_of_fisheries" title="Population dynamics of fisheries">Population dynamics of fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifting_baseline" title="Shifting baseline">Shifting baseline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_stocks" title="Fish stocks">Fish stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_mortality" title="Fish mortality">Fish mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condition_index_in_fish" title="Condition index in fish">Condition index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_assessment" title="Stock assessment">Stock assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_measurement" title="Fish measurement">Fish measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_weight_in_fish" title="Standard weight in fish">Standard weight in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_counter" title="Fish counter">Fish counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_storage_tag" title="Data storage tag">Data storage tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_per_unit_effort" title="Catch per unit effort">Catch per unit effort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otolith_microchemical_analysis" title="Otolith microchemical analysis">Otolith microchemical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)" title="Biomass (ecology)">Biomass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_acoustics" title="Fisheries acoustics">Fisheries acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_tag" title="Acoustic tag">Acoustic tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coded_wire_tag" title="Coded wire tag">Coded wire tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIS_and_aquatic_science" title="GIS and aquatic science">GIS and aquatic science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_satellite_archival_tag" title="Pop-up satellite archival tag">Pop-up satellite archival tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EcoSCOPE" title="EcoSCOPE">EcoSCOPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_class_structure" title="Age class structure">Age class structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">Trophic level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophic_cascade" title="Trophic cascade">Trophic cascades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrographic_containment" title="Hydrographic containment">Hydrographic containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match/mismatch" title="Match/mismatch">Match/mismatch hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_fisheries" title="Climate change and fisheries">Climate change and fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_biology" title="Marine biology">Marine biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ecosystem" title="Aquatic ecosystem">Aquatic ecosystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioeconomics_(fisheries)" title="Bioeconomics (fisheries)">Bioeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EconMult" title="EconMult">EconMult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopath" title="Ecopath">Ecopath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_of_Marine_Life" title="Census of Marine Life">Census of Marine Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSTM/Jason-2" title="OSTM/Jason-2">OSTM/Jason-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fisheries_databases" title="Category:Fisheries databases">Fisheries databases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fisheries_and_aquaculture_research_institutes" title="Category:Fisheries and aquaculture research institutes">Institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science#Notable_contributors" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries scientists</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg/140px-Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg/210px-Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg/280px-Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild<br />fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_fisheries" title="Ocean fisheries">Ocean fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_fish" title="Diversity of fish">Diversity of fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_fish" title="Coastal fish">Coastal fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef_fish" title="Coral reef fish">Coral reef fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">Pelagic fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_life_history" title="Eel life history">Eel fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelp#Kelp_in_history_and_culture" title="Kelp">Kelp fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_fishery" title="Shrimp fishery">Shrimp fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_ladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Eel ladder">Eel ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ladder" title="Fish ladder">Fish ladder</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fish screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_migration" title="Fish migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_run" title="Salmon run">Salmon run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine_run" title="Sardine run">Sardine run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" title="Shoaling and schooling">Shoaling and schooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_habitat" title="Marine habitat">Marine habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_snow" title="Marine snow">Marine snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_column" title="Water column">Water column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upwelling" title="Upwelling">Upwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Current" title="Humboldt Current">Humboldt current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algal_bloom" title="Algal bloom">Algal blooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_zone_(ecology)" title="Dead zone (ecology)">Dead zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_kill" title="Fish kill">Fish kill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fisheries_law,_management,_sustainability_and_conservation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_law" title="Fisheries law">Fisheries law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">sustainability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">conservation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_law" title="Fisheries law">Fisheries law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Exclusive economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Fish_Stocks_Agreement" title="United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement">United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_Convention" title="Fisheries Convention">Fisheries Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnuson%E2%80%93Stevens_Fishery_Conservation_and_Management_Act" title="Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act">Magnuson–Stevens Act</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg/140px-Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg/210px-Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg/280px-Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="1106" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_monitoring_control_and_surveillance" title="Fisheries monitoring control and surveillance">Monitoring control and surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vessel_monitoring_system" title="Vessel monitoring system">Vessel monitoring system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishery_Resources_Monitoring_System" title="Fishery Resources Monitoring System">Fishery Resources Monitoring System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_reporting" title="Catch reporting">Catch reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_observer" title="Fisheries observer">Fisheries observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_share" title="Catch share">Catch share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_fishing_quota" title="Individual fishing quota">Individual fishing quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_landing_size" title="Minimum landing size">Minimum landing size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_fishing" title="Pulse fishing">Pulse fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slot_limit" title="Slot limit">Slot limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">EU Common Fisheries Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Fishery_MLS" title="European Fishery MLS">EU MLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Fisheries_Control_Agency" title="European Fisheries Control Agency">European Fisheries Control Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">National Marine Fisheries Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_fishery_body" title="Regional fishery body">Regional fishery body</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_fishery_management_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional fishery management organisation">Regional fishery management organisation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Sustainability</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximum_sustainable_yield" title="Maximum sustainable yield">Maximum sustainable yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">List of commercially important fish species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_seafood" title="Sustainable seafood">Sustainable seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fishing" title="Environmental impact of fishing">Environmental impact of fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_down_the_food_web" title="Fishing down the food web">Fishing down the food web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destructive_fishing_practices" title="Destructive fishing practices">Destructive fishing practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Marine_Animal_Populations" title="Future of Marine Animal Populations">Future of Marine Animal Populations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunken_Billions" title="The Sunken Billions">The Sunken Billions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)" title="The End of the Line (book)">The End of the Line</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">Bycatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discards" title="Discards">Discards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incidental_catch" title="Incidental catch">Incidental catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetacean_bycatch" title="Cetacean bycatch">Cetacean bycatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_excluder_device" title="Turtle excluder device">Turtle excluder device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp-Turtle_Case" title="Shrimp-Turtle Case"><i>Shrimp-Turtle</i> case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_protected_area" title="Marine protected area">Marine protected area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserve" title="Marine reserve">Marine reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">Marine conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation_activism" title="Marine conservation activism">Marine conservation activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_conservation" title="Salmon conservation">Salmon conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_nurse_shark_conservation" title="Grey nurse shark conservation">Grey nurse shark conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_sanctuary" title="Shark sanctuary">Shark sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Environmental_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Environmental Agency">European Environmental Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FishAct" title="FishAct">FishAct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Stewardship_Council" title="Marine Stewardship Council">Marine Stewardship Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_Stewardship_Council" title="Aquaculture Stewardship Council">Aquaculture Stewardship Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend_of_the_Sea" title="Friend of the Sea">Friend of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaChoice" title="SeaChoice">SeaChoice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_Watch" title="Seafood Watch">Seafood Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Conservancy" title="Ocean Conservancy">Ocean Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Outcomes" title="Ocean Outcomes">Ocean Outcomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceana_(non-profit_group)" title="Oceana (non-profit group)">Oceana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Our_Seas_Foundation" title="Save Our Seas Foundation">Save Our Seas Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Around_Us_(organization)" title="Sea Around Us (organization)">Sea Around Us</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldFish" title="WorldFish">WorldFish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defying_Ocean%27s_End" title="Defying Ocean's End">Defying Ocean's End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotspot_Ecosystem_Research_and_Man%27s_Impact_On_European_Seas" title="Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas">HERMIONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROFISH" title="PROFISH">PROFISH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Seafood_Sustainability_Foundation" title="International Seafood Sustainability Foundation">International Seafood Sustainability Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Shepherd_Conservation_Society" title="Sea Shepherd Conservation Society">Sea Shepherd Conservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Related issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CalCOFI" title="CalCOFI">CalCOFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_slaughter" title="Fish slaughter">Fish slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_pollution" title="Marine pollution">Marine pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_in_fish" title="Mercury in fish">Mercury in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_culling" title="Shark culling">Shark culling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_finning" title="Shark finning">Shark finning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_threatened_sharks" title="List of threatened sharks">Threatened sharks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_threatened_rays" title="List of threatened rays">Threatened rays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fishing" title="Outline of fishing">Outline of fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fishing_articles" title="Index of fishing articles">Index of fishing articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fishery_terms" title="Glossary of fishery terms">Glossary of fishery terms</a></li></ul> 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