Justia U.S. Supreme Court Center

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<h1 class="heading-1">Justia U.S. Supreme Court Center</h1> <div class="wrapper"> <p> As the highest court in the nation, the U.S. Supreme Court has shaped the rights and freedoms of Americans since the Founding. Justia provides a free collection of all U.S. Supreme Court decisions from 1791 to the present. We also offer opinion summaries, briefs, oral argument audio, and resources that provide a panoramic view of each case in its context. </p> </div> <div class="grid-wrapper--25 clearfix has-margin-top-50"> <div class="col--one-half"> <div class="text-center"> <a class="button button-xlarge" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Cases By Date Button" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" href="/cases/federal/us/"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/cases-by-date.svg" class="jicon -medium" style="pointer-events:none" role="img" title="Cases By Date"/> <div class="text-wrapper to-large-font" style="pointer-events:none"> <strong style="pointer-events:none">Cases by Date</strong> <span class="detailed-text" style="pointer-events:none"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col--one-half"> <div class="text-center"> <a class="button button-xlarge" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Cases By Topic Button" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" href="/cases-by-topic/"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/cases-by-topic.svg" class="jicon -medium" style="pointer-events:none" role="img" title="Cases By Topic"/> <div class="text-wrapper to-large-font" style="pointer-events:none"> <strong style="pointer-events:none">Cases by Topic</strong> <span class="detailed-text" style="pointer-events:none"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col--one-half"> <div class="text-center"> <a class="button button-xlarge" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Supreme Court History Button" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" href="/supreme-court-history/"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/history.svg" class="jicon -medium" style="pointer-events:none" role="img" title="Supreme Court History"/> <div class="text-wrapper to-large-font" style="pointer-events:none"> <strong style="pointer-events:none">Supreme Court History</strong> <span class="detailed-text" style="pointer-events:none"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col--one-half"> <div class="text-center"> <a class="button button-xlarge" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Supreme Court Justices Button" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" href="/justices/"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/justices.svg" class="jicon -medium" style="pointer-events:none" role="img" title="Supreme Court Justices"/> <div class="text-wrapper to-large-font" style="pointer-events:none"> <strong style="pointer-events:none">Supreme Court Justices</strong> <span class="detailed-text" style="pointer-events:none"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding font-opensans flex-columns -cols-gap-50 -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2 supreme-videos"> <div class="main-content wrapper has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-no-top-margin">Watch Our Supreme Court Term Previews & Reviews</strong> <div class="flex-col-wrapper"> <div class="flex-col width-50 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet"> <div class="lazyframe" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GAInRg7S9zc" data-thumbnail="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/supreme/key-ruling-from-23-24-supreme-court-term.webp, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/supreme/key-ruling-from-23-24-supreme-court-term.jpg" data-vendor="youtube"></div> <div class="title-video text-center"> Breaking Down the Bench: Key Rulings From the 2023-2024 Supreme Court Term </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-50 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet"> <div class="lazyframe" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BVpsbZLEtcI" data-thumbnail="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/supreme/24-25-supreme-court-term-thumbnail.webp, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/supreme/24-25-supreme-court-term-thumbnail.jpg" data-vendor="youtube"></div> <div class="title-video text-center"> Breaking Down This Year's Docket: Previewing the 2024–2025 Supreme Court Term </div> </div> </div> <div class="button-container text-center stripe-view has-margin-top-20"> <a href="/supreme-court-cases-preview-and-review-videos/" class="button button-ghost-transparent width-20 -v2" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="More Videos" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" >More Videos</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="landmark-supreme" class="has-padding-content-block-x2large font-opensans flex-columns -cols-gap-50 -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2 bg-wild-sand landmark-supreme"> <div class="main-content wrapper has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-margin-bottom-25">Landmark U.S. Supreme Court Cases</strong> <ul class="has-padding-full has-no-bottom-padding has-no-right-padding has-no-left-padding list-no-styles to-large-font list-gutter--normal list-columns-two list-columns-three has-margin-bottom-25 has-no-top-padding"> <li class="-collapsed-show"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/abortion-reproductive-rights.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Abortion & Reproductive Rights"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Abortion & Reproductive Rights" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/abortion-reproductive-rights/"> Abortion & Reproductive Rights </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/antitrust.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Antitrust"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Antitrust" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/antitrust/"> Antitrust </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/climate-change-environment.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Climate Change & Environment"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Climate Change & Environment" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/climate-change-environment/"> Climate Change & Environment </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/copyrights.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Copyrights"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Copyrights" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/copyrights/"> Copyrights </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-show"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/criminal-trials-prosecutions.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Criminal Trials & Prosecutions"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Criminal Trials & Prosecutions" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/criminal-trials-prosecutions/"> Criminal Trials & Prosecutions </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/death-penalty-criminal-sentencing.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Death Penalty & Criminal Sentencing"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Death Penalty & Criminal Sentencing" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/death-penalty-criminal-sentencing/"> Death Penalty & Criminal Sentencing </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-show"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/due-process.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Due Process"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Due Process" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/due-process/"> Due Process </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-show"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/equal-protection.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Equal Protection"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Equal Protection" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/equal-protection/"> Equal Protection </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-show"> <img 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title="Patents"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Patents" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/patents/"> Patents </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/powers-of-congress.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Powers of Congress"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Powers of Congress" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/powers-of-congress/"> Powers of Congress </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/property-rights-land-use.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Property Rights & Land Use"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Property Rights & Land Use" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" 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<span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Taxes" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/taxes/"> Taxes </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/trademarks.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Trademarks"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Trademarks" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/trademarks/"> Trademarks </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/voting-elections.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Voting & Elections"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Voting & Elections" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/voting-elections/"> Voting & Elections </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="button-container text-center stripe-view"> <a href="#" class="expand button button-ghost-transparent width-20 -v2 -display-block" data-directive="j-expand" data-collapsed_class="hidden" data-expanded_class="shown" data-collapsed_text="View More" data-expanded_text="Show Less" data-elements=".-collapsed-hidden" data-go_to="#landmark-supreme">View More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="has-padding-content-block-x2large font-opensans flex-columns -cols-gap-50 -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2 recent-supreme-court"> <div class="main-content wrapper content-image-grid has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-margin-bottom-50">Recent U.S. Supreme Court Decisions</strong> <div class="content -wide"> <p class="title"> <strong class="large-font"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/604/23-6573/">Andrew v. White (January 21, 2025)</a> </strong> <p class="text to-large-font">As previously established by the Court, the Due Process Clause forbids the introduction of evidence so unduly prejudicial as to render a criminal trial fundamentally unfair.</p> </p> <p class="title"> <strong class="large-font"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/604/24-656/">TikTok Inc. v. Garland (January 17, 2025)</a> </strong> <p class="text to-large-font">A law prohibiting U.S. companies from providing services to TikTok unless U.S. operation of the platform is severed from Chinese control did not violate the First Amendment.</p> </p> <p class="title"> <strong class="large-font"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/604/23-677/">Royal Canin U.S.A. v. Wullschleger (January 15, 2025)</a> </strong> <p class="text to-large-font">When an amendment to a complaint excises the federal-law claims that enabled removal, the federal court loses its supplemental jurisdiction over the related state-law claims. The case must therefore return to state court.</p> </p> <p class="title"> <strong class="large-font"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/604/23-217/">E.M.D. Sales, Inc. v. Carrera (January 15, 2025)</a> </strong> <p class="text to-large-font">The preponderance-of-the-evidence standard governs when an employer attempts to demonstrate that an employee is exempt from the minimum wage and overtime compensation requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act.</p> </p> <p class="title"> <strong class="large-font"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/604/23-970/">NVIDIA v. E. Ohman J:or Fonder AB (December 11, 2024)</a> </strong> </p> </div> <div class="image"> <picture> <source srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/supreme-court.webp" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/supreme-court.jpg" type="image/jpeg"> <img class="-display-block set-maxlimit half-centered" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/supreme-court.jpg" width="596" loading="lazy" height="662" alt="Supreme Court"> </picture> </div> <div class="button-container text-center stripe-view has-margin-top-50"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/year/2025.html" class="button button-ghost-transparent width-20 -v2" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="More Decisions" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" >More Decisions</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="has-padding-content-block-x2large font-opensans flex-columns -cols-gap-50 -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2 bg-wild-sand supreme-court-resources"> <div class="main-content wrapper has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-margin-bottom-50">U.S. Supreme Court Resources</strong> <ul class="has-padding-full has-no-bottom-padding has-no-right-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding list-no-styles to-large-font list-gutter--normal list-columns-two list-columns-three"> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - Supreme Court History" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/supreme-court-history/"> Supreme Court History </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - The Supreme Court Building" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/supreme-court-building/"> The Supreme Court Building </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - Stages of a Supreme Court Case" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/stages-of-supreme-court-case/"> Stages of a Supreme Court Case </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - Reading a Supreme Court Decision" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/reading-supreme-court-decision/"> Reading a Supreme Court Decision </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - U.S. Supreme Court Website" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" target="_blank" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/"> U.S. Supreme Court Website </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - Oyez" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" target="_blank" href="https://www.oyez.org/"> Oyez </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - SCOTUSblog" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" target="_blank" href="http://www.scotusblog.com/"> SCOTUSblog </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - Justia Verdict" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" target="_blank" href="https://verdict.justia.com/"> Justia Verdict </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - U.S. Supreme Court Code of Conduct" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/supreme-court-code-of-conduct-justices/"> U.S. Supreme Court Code of Conduct </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - View Cases by Volume" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/cases/federal/us/volume/"> View Cases by Volume </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - View All Courts" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="#supreme-court-timeline"> View All Courts </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - View All Justices" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/justices/"> View All Justices </a> </strong> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="has-padding-content-block-x2large font-opensans width-100-v2 current-supreme-court"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-margin-bottom-50">Current U.S. Supreme Court</strong> <div class="main-content has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding court-list"> <div class="grid-wrapper--25 clearfix"> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - John G. Roberts, Jr." data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/john-g-roberts-jr"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/john-g-roberts-jr-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/john-g-roberts-jr-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/john-g-roberts-jr-xl.jpg 2x" alt="John G. Roberts, Jr." class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - John G. Roberts, Jr." data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/john-g-roberts-jr">John G. Roberts, Jr.</a> </strong><br> Chief Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Clarence Thomas" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/clarence-thomas"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/clarence-thomas-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/clarence-thomas-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/clarence-thomas-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Clarence Thomas" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Clarence Thomas" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/clarence-thomas">Clarence Thomas</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Samuel A. Alito, Jr." data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/samuel-a-alito-jr"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/samuel-a-alito-jr-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/samuel-a-alito-jr-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/samuel-a-alito-jr-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Samuel A. Alito, Jr." class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Samuel A. Alito, Jr." data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/samuel-a-alito-jr">Samuel A. Alito, Jr.</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Sonia Sotomayor" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/sonia-sotomayor"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/sonia-sotomayor-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/sonia-sotomayor-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/sonia-sotomayor-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Sonia Sotomayor" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Sonia Sotomayor" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/sonia-sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Elena Kagan" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/elena-kagan"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/elena-kagan-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/elena-kagan-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/elena-kagan-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Elena Kagan" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Elena Kagan" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/elena-kagan">Elena Kagan</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Neil M. Gorsuch" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/neil-gorsuch"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/neil-m-gorsuch-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/neil-m-gorsuch-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/neil-m-gorsuch-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Neil M. Gorsuch" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Neil M. Gorsuch" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/neil-gorsuch">Neil M. Gorsuch</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Brett M. Kavanaugh" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/brett-m-kavanaugh"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/brett-m-kavanaugh-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/brett-m-kavanaugh-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/brett-m-kavanaugh-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Brett M. Kavanaugh" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Brett M. Kavanaugh" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/brett-m-kavanaugh">Brett M. Kavanaugh</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Amy Coney Barrett" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/amy-coney-barrett"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/amy-coney-barrett-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/amy-coney-barrett-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/amy-coney-barrett-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Amy Coney Barrett" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Amy Coney Barrett" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/amy-coney-barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Ketanji Brown Jackson" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/ketanji-brown-jackson"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/ketanji-b-jackson-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/ketanji-b-jackson-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/ketanji-b-jackson-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Ketanji Brown Jackson" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Ketanji Brown Jackson" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/ketanji-brown-jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> </diV> </div> </div> <div id="supreme-court-history" class="has-padding-content-block-x2large font-opensans flex-columns -cols-gap-50 -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2 bg-wild-sand supreme-court-through-centuries"> <div id="supreme-court-timeline" class="main-content wrapper has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-margin-bottom-50">U.S. Supreme Court History</strong> <div class="flex-columns -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2"> <div class="flex-col-wrapper -flex-wrap"> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet show" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/roberts-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Roberts Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_g_roberts_jr.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_g_roberts_jr.png" alt="Roberts Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/roberts-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Roberts Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Roberts Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">2005-present</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet show" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/rehnquist-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Rehnquist Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/william_h_rehnquist.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/william_h_rehnquist.png" alt="Rehnquist Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/rehnquist-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Rehnquist Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Rehnquist Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1986-2005</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet show" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/burger-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Burger Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/warren_e_burger.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/warren_e_burger.png" alt="Burger Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/burger-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Burger Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Burger Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1969-1986</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/warren-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Warren Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/earl_warren.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/earl_warren.png" alt="Warren Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/warren-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Warren Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Warren Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1953-1969</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/vinson-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Vinson Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/fred_m_vinson.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/fred_m_vinson.png" alt="Vinson Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/vinson-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Vinson Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Vinson Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1946-1953</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/stone-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Stone Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/harlan_fiske_stone.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/harlan_fiske_stone.png" alt="Stone Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/stone-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Stone Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Stone Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1941-1946</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/hughes-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Hughes Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/charles_e_hughes.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/charles_e_hughes.png" alt="Hughes Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/hughes-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Hughes Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Hughes Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1930-1941</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/taft-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Taft Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/william_howard_taft.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/william_howard_taft.png" alt="Taft Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/taft-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Taft Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Taft Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1921-1930</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/white-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="White Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/edward_d_white.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/edward_d_white.png" alt="White Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/white-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="White Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">White Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1910-1921</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/fuller-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Fuller Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/melville_w_fuller.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/melville_w_fuller.png" alt="Fuller Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/fuller-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Fuller Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Fuller Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1888-1910</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/waite-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Waite Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/morrison_r_waite.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/morrison_r_waite.png" alt="Waite Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/waite-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Waite Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Waite Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1874-1888</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/chase-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Chase Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/salmon_p_chase.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/salmon_p_chase.png" alt="Chase Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/chase-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Chase Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Chase Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1864-1873</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/taney-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Taney Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/roger_b_taney.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/roger_b_taney.png" alt="Taney Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/taney-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Taney Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Taney Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1836-1864</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/marshall-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Marshall Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_marshall.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_marshall.png" alt="Marshall Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/marshall-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Marshall Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Marshall Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1801-1835</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/ellsworth-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Ellsworth Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/oliver_ellsworth.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20250218131256/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/oliver_ellsworth.png" alt="Ellsworth Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/ellsworth-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Ellsworth Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Ellsworth Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1796-1800</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 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