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terraces</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hani rice terraces"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hani rice terraces"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hani rice terraces"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 643</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hani rice terraces</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">643</span> Heritage Tourism and the Changing Rural Landscape: Case Study of Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Wang%3B%20Mathis%20Stock">Yan Wang; Mathis Stock</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The World Heritage Site of Honghe Hani rice terrace, also a marginal rural region in Southern China, is undergoing rapid change because of urbanization and heritage tourism. Influenced by out-migration and changing ways of living in the urbanization process, the place sees a tendency of losing its rice terrace landscape, traditional housings and other forms of cultural traditions. However, heritage tourism tends to keep the past, valorize them for tourism purposes and diversifies rural livelihood strategies. The place stands at this development trajectories, where the same resources are subjected to different uses by different actors. The research seeks to answer the questions of how the site is transformed and co-constructed by different institutions, practices and actors, and the how heritage tourism affects local livelihood. The research aims to describe the transformation of villages, rice terraces, and cultural traditions, analyze the place-making process, and assess the role of heritage tourism in local livelihood transition. The research uses a mixed of methods including direct observation, participant observation, interviews; collects various data of images, words, narratives, and statistics, and analyze them qualitatively and qualitatively. Theoretically, it is hoped that the research would reexamine the concept of heritage, the world heritage practice from UNESCO, reveal the conflicts it entails in development and brings more thoughts from a functional perspective on heritage in relation to rural development. Practically, it is also anticipated that the research could access the linkage between heritage tourism and local livelihood, and generate concrete suggestions on how tourism could engage locals and improve their livelihood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20landscape" title="cultural landscape">cultural landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hani%20rice%20terraces" title=" Hani rice terraces"> Hani rice terraces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20tourism" title=" heritage tourism"> heritage tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood%20strategy" title=" livelihood strategy"> livelihood strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place%20making" title=" place making"> place making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title=" rural development"> rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101848/heritage-tourism-and-the-changing-rural-landscape-case-study-of-cultural-landscape-of-honghe-hani-rice-terraces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">642</span> Late Pleistocene Raised Coral Reefs in Rabigh Area, Red Sea: Microfacies and Environmental Interpretation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Manaa">Ammar Manaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The late Pleistocene raised coral reef terraces, 1 to 5 m above present sea level, are distinguished in Rabigh area into two marine terraces at elevations 0.5 m and 3.20 m, in addition to back-reef facies. The lower and upper terraces consist mainly of corals that increased in abundance and distribution in the upper terrace, with a minor occurrence of detrital quartz and feldspar. The back-reef facies consist mainly of coralline algae with a minor occurrence of corals. The upper terrace was interpreted as a reef crest or algal ridge due to the dominance of bindstone facies. The lower terrace indicates an outer reef flat with the occurrence of grainstone and rudstone facies. The coral framework in the upper terrace indicates a low energy environment. Within the back-reef terrace, calcareous mud was dominant, which indicates low energy, lagoon environment. The XRD results for the studied terraces revealed a variable abundance of aragonite, high-Mg calcite, and low-Mg calcite, with a slight increase in calcite and high-Mg calcite in the upper terrace. The dominant diagenetic processes in the terraces are cementation by fibrous and blocky calcite and dissolution that varied slightly between the lower and upper terraces. This study provides a coral reef model relevant to a low energy system in a dry and hot environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=late%20Pleistocene" title="late Pleistocene">late Pleistocene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabigh" title=" Rabigh"> Rabigh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reef%20terraces" title=" reef terraces"> reef terraces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Red%20Sea" title=" Red Sea"> Red Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia." title=" Saudi Arabia."> Saudi Arabia.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120245/late-pleistocene-raised-coral-reefs-in-rabigh-area-red-sea-microfacies-and-environmental-interpretation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">641</span> Experimental Study on Effects of Addition of Rice Husk on Coal Gasification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bharath">M. Bharath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasudevan%20Raghavan"> Vasudevan Raghavan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20V.%20S.%20S.%20S.%20Prasad"> B. V. S. S. S. Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Chakravarthy"> S. R. Chakravarthy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this experimental study, effects of addition of rice husk on coal gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier, operating at atmospheric pressure with air as gasifying agent, are reported. Rice husks comprising of 6.5% and 13% by mass are added to coal. Results show that, when rice husk is added the methane yield increases from volumetric percentage of 0.56% (with no rice husk) to 2.77% (with 13% rice husk). CO and H<sub>2</sub> remain almost unchanged and CO<sub>2</sub> decreases with addition of rice husk. The calorific value of the synthetic gas is around 2.73 MJ/Nm<sup>3</sup>. All performance indices, such as cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion, increase with addition of rice husk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubbling%20fluidized%20bed%20reactor" title="bubbling fluidized bed reactor">bubbling fluidized bed reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorific%20value" title=" calorific value"> calorific value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20gasification" title=" coal gasification"> coal gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk" title=" rice husk"> rice husk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90338/experimental-study-on-effects-of-addition-of-rice-husk-on-coal-gasification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">640</span> Luminescence Dating of Ancient Agricultural Terraced Landscapes: Prospects for Heritage Protection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Snape">Lisa Snape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Lang"> Andreas Lang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Brown"> Tony Brown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Fallu"> Dan Fallu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Pears"> Ben Pears</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agricultural terraced landscapes are widespread in mountainous areas in a variety of climatic zones around the World. The most famous are those found associated with the famous Inca site of Machu Pichu in the Andes, the arid lands in upland areas of Yemen, and the abundant rice terraces covering the hilltops in tropical areas such as Thailand, Vietnam, and China and also Bali. Terraces were designed using advanced engineered techniques, requiring specialist knowledge of bedrock geology, soil cultivation and maintenance, and ecosystem management to grow a variety of crops in specific environmental conditions. These enigmatic landscapes were often overlooked in the past but have now received widespread attention to further understand their age, origins, and evolution as the landscapes and environment changed over time. By understanding the age and chronologies of agricultural terrace technology, we can enhance our understanding of these unique features considered widely as important ecosystem services in the present day. We present distinct luminescence dating evidence from a variety of terraced systems found in different European environmental settings, such as the UK, Italy and Belgium, as part of the wider ERC-funded TerrACE Project. Our research aims to better understand their history and advocate for their protection and effective management as important cultural, heritage and environmental assets, creating new avenues for future scientific research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terraces" title="terraces">terraces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luminescence%20dating" title=" luminescence dating"> luminescence dating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20protection" title=" heritage protection"> heritage protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184667/luminescence-dating-of-ancient-agricultural-terraced-landscapes-prospects-for-heritage-protection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">639</span> Evaluating the Terrace Benefits of Erosion in a Terraced-Agricultural Watershed for Sustainable Soil and Water Conservation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sitarrine%20Thongpussawal">Sitarrine Thongpussawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Shao"> Hui Shao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clark%20Gantzer"> Clark Gantzer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terracing is a conservation practice to reduce erosion and widely used for soil and water conservation throughout the world but is relatively expensive. A modification of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (called SWAT-Terrace or SWAT-T) explicitly aims to improve the simulation of the hydrological process of erosion from the terraces. SWAT-T simulates erosion from the terraces by separating terraces into three segments instead of evaluating the entire terrace. The objective of this work is to evaluate the terrace benefits on erosion from the Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW) at watershed and Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU) scales using SWAT-T. The HRU is the smallest spatial unit of the model, which lumps all similar land uses, soils, and slopes within a sub-basin. The SWAT-T model was parameterized for slope length, steepness and the empirical Universal Soil Erosion Equation support practice factor for three terrace segments. Data from 1993-2010 measured at the watershed outlet were used to evaluate the models for calibration and validation. Results of SWAT-T calibration showed good performance between measured and simulated erosion for the monthly time step, but poor performance for SWAT-T validation. This is probably because of large storms in spring 2002 that prevented planting, causing poorly simulated scheduling of actual field operations. To estimate terrace benefits on erosion, models were compared with and without terraces. Results showed that SWAT-T showed significant ~3% reduction in erosion (Pr <0.01) at the watershed scale and ~12% reduction in erosion at the HRU scale. Studies using the SWAT-T model indicated that the terraces have advantages to reduce erosion from terraced-agricultural watersheds. SWAT-T can be used in the evaluation of erosion to sustainably conserve the soil and water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erosion" title="Erosion">Erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modeling" title=" Modeling"> Modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terraces" title=" Terraces"> Terraces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWAT" title=" SWAT"> SWAT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104704/evaluating-the-terrace-benefits-of-erosion-in-a-terraced-agricultural-watershed-for-sustainable-soil-and-water-conservation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">638</span> The Effect of Electric Field Distributions on Grains and Insect for Dielectric Heating Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Santalunai">S. Santalunai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Thosdeekoraphat"> T. Thosdeekoraphat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Thongsopa"> C. Thongsopa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the effect of electric field distribution which is an electric field intensity analysis. Consideration of the dielectric heating of grains and insects, the rice and rice weevils are utilized for dielectric heating analysis. Furthermore, this analysis compares the effect of electric field distribution in rice and rice weevil. In this simulation, two copper plates are used to generate the electric field for dielectric heating system and put the rice materials between the copper plates. The simulation is classified in two cases, which are case I one rice weevil is placed in the rice and case II two rice weevils are placed at different position in the rice. Moreover, the probes are located in various different positions on plate. The power feeding on this plate is optimized by using CST EM studio program of 1000 watt electrical power at 39 MHz resonance frequency. The results of two cases are indicated that the most electric field distribution and intensity are occurred on the rice and rice weevils at the near point of the probes. Moreover, the heat is directed to the rice weevils more than the rice. When the temperature of rice and rice weevils are calculated and compared, the rice weevils has the temperature more than rice is about 41.62 Celsius degrees. These results can be applied for the dielectric heating applications to eliminate insect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitor%20copper%20plates" title="capacitor copper plates">capacitor copper plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20field%20distribution" title=" electric field distribution"> electric field distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20heating" title=" dielectric heating"> dielectric heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grains" title=" grains"> grains</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10956/the-effect-of-electric-field-distributions-on-grains-and-insect-for-dielectric-heating-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">637</span> Evaluation of Toxic Elements in Thai Rice Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Srinuttrakul">W. Srinuttrakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Permnamtip"> V. Permnamtip</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Toxic elements in rice samples are great concern in Thailand because rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) is a staple food for Thai people. Furthermore, rice is an economic crop of Thailand for export. In this study, the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in rice samples collected from the paddy fields in the northern, northeastern and southern regions of Thailand were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in 55 rice samples were 0.112±0.056, 0.029±0.037 and 0.031±0.033 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. All rice samples showed As, Cd and Pb lower than the limit data of Codex. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of As, Cd, and Pb from rice consumption were 0.026±0.013, 0.007±0.009 and 0.007±0.008 mg day<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The percentage contribution to Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) values of As, Cd and Pb for Thai male (body weight of 69 kg) was 17.6%, 9.7%, and 2.9%, respectively, and for Thai female (body weight of 57 kg) was 21.3%, 11.7% and 3.5%, respectively. The findings indicated that all studied rice samples are safe for consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arsenic" title="arsenic">arsenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title=" cadmium"> cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICP-MS" title=" ICP-MS"> ICP-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79457/evaluation-of-toxic-elements-in-thai-rice-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">636</span> Cadmium Contamination in Rice Cultivation in the City of Savadkooh in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazal%20Banitahmasb">Ghazal Banitahmasb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazanin%20Khakipour"> Nazanin Khakipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potential contamination of rice by heavy metals such as Copper, Cobalt, Cadmium, Arsenic, Chromium, Mercury, Nickel, Lead and Magnesium in soil, water and pesticides affect the quality and nutritional properties of rice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination of rice cultivated in the city of Savadkooh to Cadmium and its comparison with international standards. With the study on different areas of Savadkooh(a city in Mazanaran Province) 7 samples of rice with the soil in which they were grown was taken for sampling. According to the results of all rice grown in Savadkooh city there are some Cadmium but the amount measured is less than specified in the national standard, and is safe for consumers to use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title="cadmium">cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savadkooh" title=" Savadkooh"> Savadkooh</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37617/cadmium-contamination-in-rice-cultivation-in-the-city-of-savadkooh-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">635</span> Improvement of Monacolin K. and Decreasing of Citrinin Content in Korkor 6 (RD 6) Red Yeast Rice </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emon%20Chairote">Emon Chairote</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panatda%20Jannoey"> Panatda Jannoey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Griangsak%20Chairote"> Griangsak Chairote</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A strain of Monascus purpureus CMU001 was used to prepared red yeast rice from Thai glutinous rice Korkor 6 (RD 6). Adding of different amounts of histidine (156, 312, 625, and 1250 mg in 100 g of rice grains)) under aerobic and air limitation (air-lock) condition were used in solid fermentation. Determination of the yield as well as monacolin K content was done. Citrinin content was also determined in order to confirm the safety use of prepared red yeast rice. It was found that under air-lock condition with 1250 mg of histidine addition gave the highest yield of 37.40 g of dried red yeast rice prepared from 100 g of rice. Highest 5.72 mg content of monacolin K was obtained under air-lock condition with 312 mg histidine addition. In the other hand, citrinin content was found to be less than 24462 ng/g of all dried red yeast rice samples under the experimental methods used in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20yeast%20rice" title="red yeast rice">red yeast rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20glutinous%20rice" title=" Thai glutinous rice"> Thai glutinous rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monacolin%20K." title=" monacolin K."> monacolin K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrinin" title=" citrinin"> citrinin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14323/improvement-of-monacolin-k-and-decreasing-of-citrinin-content-in-korkor-6-rd-6-red-yeast-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">634</span> Potassium Fertilization Improves Rice Yield in Aerobic Production System by Decreasing Panicle Sterility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Wakeel">Abdul Wakeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafeez%20Ur%20Rehman"> Hafeez Ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair%20Mubarak"> Muhammad Umair Mubarak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice is the second most important staple food in Pakistan after wheat. It is not only a healthy food for the people of all age groups but also a source of foreign exchange for Pakistan. Instead of bright history for Basmati rice production, we are suffering from multiple problems reducing yield and quality as well. Rice lodging and water shortage for an-aerobic rice production system is among major glitches of it. Due to water shortage an-aerobic rice production system has to be supplemented or replaced by aerobic rice system. Aerobic rice system has been adopted for production of non-basmati rice in many parts of the world. Also for basmati rice, significant efforts have been made for aerobic rice production, however still has to be improved for effective recommendations. Among two major issues for aerobic rice, weed elimination has been solved to great extent by introducing suitable herbicides, however, low yield production due weak grains and panicle sterility is still elusive. It has been reported that potassium (K) has significant role to decrease panicle sterility in cereals. Potassium deficiency is obvious for rice under aerobic rice production system due to lack of K gradient coming with irrigation water and lowered indigenous K release from soils. Therefore it was hypothesized that K application under aerobic rice production system may improve the rice yield by decreasing panicle sterility. Results from pot and field experiments confirm that application of K fertilizer significantly increased the rice grain yield due to decreased panicle sterility and improving grain health. The quality of rice was also improved by K fertilization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSR" title="DSR">DSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basmati%20rice" title=" Basmati rice"> Basmati rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic" title=" aerobic"> aerobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium" title=" potassium"> potassium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45484/potassium-fertilization-improves-rice-yield-in-aerobic-production-system-by-decreasing-panicle-sterility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">633</span> Effects of Pretreated Rice Bran on Wheat Dough Performance and Barbari Bread Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ataye-Salehi">E. Ataye-Salehi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Taghinia"> P. Taghinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Sheikholeslami"> Z. Sheikholeslami </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, roasted and sonicated rice bran were added at 0, 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w) in wheat flour for the production of Barbari bread (semi-voluminous Iranian bread). Dough's rheological properties and textural and sensory characteristics of bread were investigated. The results showed that water absorption, development time and the degree of dough softening were increased, but dough stability was decreased by adding pretreated rice bran. Adding pretreated rice bran was increased, the moisture content and L* value of bread crust. The texture of samples which contained 10% pretreated rice bran during 3 hours after baking was less stiff than of control. But 48 hours after baking there was no significant difference between samples which contained 5%, 10% of rice bran and the sample without rice bran. Finally, the samples with 10% rice bran were selected as the best productive samples in this research by panelists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbari%20bread" title="Barbari bread">Barbari bread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20bran" title=" rice bran"> rice bran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roasting" title=" roasting"> roasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12265/effects-of-pretreated-rice-bran-on-wheat-dough-performance-and-barbari-bread-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">632</span> Impact of Pretreated Rice Bran on Wheat Dough Performance and Barbari Bread Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Taghinia">P. Taghinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ataye-Salehi"> E. Ataye-Salehi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Sheikholeslami"> Z. Sheikholeslami </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, roasted and sonicated rice bran were added at 0, 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w) in wheat flour for the production of Barbari breead (semi-voluminous Iranian bread). Dough's rheological properties and textural and sensory characteristics of bread were investigated. The results showed that water absorption, development time and the degree of dough softening were increased but dough stability was decreased by adding pretreated rice bran. Adding pretreated rice bran was increased, the moisture content and L* value of bread crust. The texture of samples which contained 10% pretreated rice bran during 3 hours after baking was less stiff than of control, but 48 hours after baking there was no significant difference between samples which contained 5%, 10% of rice bran and the sample without rice bran. Finally, the samples with 10% rice bran were selected as the best productive samples in this research by panelists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbari%20bread" title="Barbari bread">Barbari bread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20bran" title=" rice bran"> rice bran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roasting" title=" roasting"> roasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11428/impact-of-pretreated-rice-bran-on-wheat-dough-performance-and-barbari-bread-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">631</span> The Expression Patterns of Thai Moderately Salt Tolerant Rice and High Salt Tolerant Rice in Response to Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kongngern%20K.">Kongngern K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homwonk%20C."> Homwonk C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theerakulpisut%20P."> Theerakulpisut P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roytrakul%20R."> Roytrakul R.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice cultivation is crucial globally, especially in Asia. Soil salinity poses a significant challenge for agricultural lands. Understanding the expression patterns of different rice varieties under salt stress can provide insights for developing more salt-tolerant cultivars. This study aims to compare the expression patterns of two rice varieties, Thai moderately salt-tolerant rice (Leaung Anan) and high salt-tolerant rice (Pokkali), in response to salt stress. By analyzing protein expression, the research seeks to identify key proteins associated with salt tolerance in rice. The expression patterns of the two rice varieties under salt stress were analyzed using 1D-SDS-PAGE, NanoLC-MS/MS, and MEV software. These methods enabled the researchers to assess the differential expression of proteins in the leaf sheaths of the rice plants. These results indicate that the study identified 18 proteins, exhibited significantly different expression patterns between the two rice cultivars under salt stress. Notably, certain proteins, such as Os05g0364500 and pr1-like protein, showed contrasting expression profiles in the two varieties. The up-regulated proteins, predominantly observed in the salt-tolerant rice, may contribute to the survival of rice plants under salt stress and may provide valuable insights for breeding programs aiming to enhance salt tolerancein rice cultivars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20spectrometry" title="mass spectrometry">mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title=" proteomics"> proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20leaf%20sheaths" title=" rice leaf sheaths"> rice leaf sheaths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194601/the-expression-patterns-of-thai-moderately-salt-tolerant-rice-and-high-salt-tolerant-rice-in-response-to-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">630</span> Cooking Attributes of Rice Stored under Varying Temperature and Moisture Regimes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakshmi%20E.%20Jayachandran">Lakshmi E. Jayachandran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manepally%20Rajkumar"> Manepally Rajkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavuluri%20Srinivasa%20Rao"> Pavuluri Srinivasa Rao </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research was to study the changes in eating quality of rice during storage under varying temperature and moisture regimes. Paddy (IR-36) with high amylose content (27%) was stored at a temperature range between 10 to 40°C and moisture content from 9 to 18% (d.b.) for 6 months. Drastic changes in color and parameters representing cooking qualities, cooked rice texture, and surface morphology occurred after 4 months of storage, especially at elevated temperature conditions. Head rice yield was stable throughout the storage except at extreme conditions of temperature and moisture content. Yellowing of rice was prominent at combinations of high temperature and moisture content, both of which had a synergistic effect on the b* values of rice. The cooking time, length expansion ratio and volume expansion ratio of all the rice samples increased with prolonged storage. The texture parameter, primarily, the hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness of cooked rice samples were higher following storage at elevated temperature. Surface morphology was also significantly affected in stored rice as compared to fresh rice. Storage of rice at 10°C with a grain moisture content of 10% for 2 months gave cooked rice samples with good palatability and minimal cooking time. The temperature was found to be the most prominent storage parameter for rough rice, followed by moisture content and storage duration, influencing the quality of rice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title="rice">rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooking%20quality" title=" cooking quality"> cooking quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20morphology" title=" surface morphology"> surface morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85370/cooking-attributes-of-rice-stored-under-varying-temperature-and-moisture-regimes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">629</span> Identification of Rice Quality Using Gas Sensors and Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moh%20Hanif%20Mubarok">Moh Hanif Mubarok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rivai"> Muhammad Rivai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The public's response to quality rice is very high. So it is necessary to set minimum standards in checking the quality of rice. Most rice quality measurements still use manual methods, which are prone to errors due to limited human vision and the subjectivity of testers. So, a gas detection system can be a solution that has high effectiveness and subjectivity for solving current problems. The use of gas sensors in testing rice quality must pay attention to several parameters. The parameters measured in this research are the percentage of rice water content, gas concentration, output voltage, and measurement time. Therefore, this research was carried out to identify carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) gases in rice quality using a series of gas sensors using the Neural Network method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title="carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dinitrogen%20oxide" title=" dinitrogen oxide"> dinitrogen oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane" title=" methane"> methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor%20gas%20sensor" title=" semiconductor gas sensor"> semiconductor gas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186677/identification-of-rice-quality-using-gas-sensors-and-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">628</span> Salinity Effects on Germination of Malaysian Rice Varieties and Weedy Rice Biotypes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kamal%20Uddin">M. Kamal Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mohd%20Dandan"> H. Mohd Dandan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ame%20H.%20Alidin"> Ame H. Alidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Germination and seedling growth of plant species are reduced in saline due to an external osmotic potential. An experiment was conducted at the laboratory, Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, to compare the salt effect on seed germination and growth of weedy rice and cultivated rice. Seeds (10 in each) were placed in petri dishes. Five salinity levels 0 (distilled water), 4, 8, 12 and 16 dSm-1 (NaCl) were applied. The number of germinated seeds was recorded daily. The final germination percentage, germination index (GI), seedling vigour index (SVI) mean germination time (MGT), shoot and root dry weight were estimated. At highest salinity (16 dSm-1) germination percentage was higher (100%) in weedy rice awn and weedy rice compact. Lowest germination percentage was in MR219 and TQR-8 (50-60%). Mean germination time (MGT) was found higher in all weedy rice biotypes compared to cultivated rice. At highest salinity (16dSm-1) weedy rice open produced the highest MGT (9.92) followed by weedy rice compact (9.73) while lowest MGT was in MR219 (9.48). At highest salinity (16dSm-1) germination index was higher in weedy rice awn (11.71) and compact type (9.62). Lowest germination index was in MR219 (5.90) and TQR-8 (8.94). At the highest salinity (16 dSm−1), seedling vigor index was highest in weedy rice awn (6.06) followed by weedy rice compact (5.26); while lowest was in MR219 (2.11) followed by MR269 (3.82).On the basis of Germination index, seedling vigor index and growth related results it could be concluded that weedy rice awn, compact and open biotypes were more salt tolerant compared to other cultivated rice MR219, MR269, and TQR-8. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title="germination">germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title="salinity">salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20and%20weedy%20rice" title="rice and weedy rice">rice and weedy rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20agriculture" title=" sustainable agriculture"> sustainable agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21509/salinity-effects-on-germination-of-malaysian-rice-varieties-and-weedy-rice-biotypes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">627</span> 'Bemo' (Beras Moringa) as Commodity Innovation Cost of Food Ingredients: In Dealing with Afta Competition </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isma%20Alfia%20Novita">Isma Alfia Novita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia is one country with the largest agricultural producer in the world but still can not meet the needs of the national rice. In addition, Indonesia was ranked the second-largest rice importer after the Philippines. Indonesia's rice consumption reached 102 kg per capita, or almost twice the average global rice consumption is only 60 kg per capita per year. One of the government's efforts in developing national food consumption is to invite people to improve diversification and food security. This is done considering the diet of Indonesia is still high consumption of rice. Therefore, this program made innovations Rice Moringa namely imitation rice with the addition of Moringa (Moringa oleifera). Moringa is a plant that is widely grown and easily found. In addition, Moringa has many benefits because it contains vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, calcium, protein, and potassium. Based on the analysis of the nutrient content, it is known that the Moringa leaves have good potential to maintain the balance of nutrients in the body <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imitation%20rice" title="imitation rice">imitation rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moringa%20oliefera" title=" Moringa oliefera"> Moringa oliefera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moringa" title=" Moringa"> Moringa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AFTA" title=" AFTA"> AFTA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54483/bemo-beras-moringa-as-commodity-innovation-cost-of-food-ingredients-in-dealing-with-afta-competition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">626</span> Feasibility Study of Potential and Economic of Rice Straw VSPP Power Plant in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sansanee%20Sansiribhan">Sansanee Sansiribhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anusorn%20Rattanathanaophat"> Anusorn Rattanathanaophat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chirapan%20Nuengchaknin"> Chirapan Nuengchaknin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The potential feasibility of a 9.5 MWe capacity rice straw power plant project in Thailand was studied by evaluating the rice straw resource. The result showed that Thailand had a high rice straw biomass potential at the provincial level, especially, the provinces in the central, northeastern and western Thailand, which could feasibly develop plants. The economic feasibility of project was also investigated. The financial feasibility is also evaluated based on two important factors in the project, i.e., NPV ≥ 0 and IRR ≥ 11%. It was found that the rice straw power plant project at 9.5 MWe was financially feasible with the cost of fuel in the range of 30.6-47.7 USD/t. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20plant" title="power plant">power plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20feasibility" title=" project feasibility"> project feasibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20straw" title=" rice straw"> rice straw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9722/feasibility-study-of-potential-and-economic-of-rice-straw-vspp-power-plant-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">625</span> Social Media as a Distribution Channel for Thailand’s Rice Berry Product</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phutthiwat%20Waiyawuththanapoom">Phutthiwat Waiyawuththanapoom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wannapong%20Waiyawuththanapoom"> Wannapong Waiyawuththanapoom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pimploi%20Tirastittam"> Pimploi Tirastittam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, it is a globalization era which social media plays an important role to the lifestyle as an information source, tools to connect people together and etc. This research is object to find out about the significant level of the social media as a distribution channel to the agriculture product of Thailand. In this research, the agriculture product is the Rice Berry which is the cross-bred unmilled rice producing dark violet grain, is a combination of Hom Nin Rice and Thai Jasmine/ Fragrant Rice 105. Rice Berry has a very high nutrition and nice aroma so the product is in the growth stage of the product cycle. The problem for the Rice Berry product in Thailand is the production and the distribution channel. This study is to confirm that the social media is another option as the distribution channel for the product which is not a mass production product. This will be the role model for the other niche market product to select the distribution channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title="distribution">distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20berry" title=" rice berry"> rice berry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20channel" title=" distribution channel"> distribution channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27150/social-media-as-a-distribution-channel-for-thailands-rice-berry-product" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">624</span> Effect of Roasting Treatment on Milling Quality, Physicochemical, and Bioactive Compounds of Dough Stage Rice Grains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chularat%20Leewuttanakul">Chularat Leewuttanakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khanitta%20Ruttarattanamongkol"> Khanitta Ruttarattanamongkol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasivimon%20Chittrakorn"> Sasivimon Chittrakorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice during grain development stage is a rich source of many bioactive compounds. Dough stage rice contains high amounts of photochemical and can be used for rice milling industries. However, rice grain at dough stage had low milling quality due to high moisture content. Thermal processing can be applied to rice grain for improving milled rice yield. This experiment was conducted to study the chemical and physic properties of dough stage rice grain after roasting treatment. Rice were roasted with two different methods including traditional pan roasting at 140 °C for 60 minutes and using the electrical roasting machine at 140 °C for 30, 40, and 50 minutes. The chemical, physical properties, and bioactive compounds of brown rice and milled rice were evaluated. The result of this experiment showed that moisture content of brown and milled rice was less than 10 % and amylose contents were in the range of 26-28 %. Rice grains roasting for 30 min using electrical roasting machine had high head rice yield and length and breadth of grain after milling were close to traditional pan roasting (p > 0.05). The lightness (L*) of rice did not affect by roasting treatment (p > 0.05) and the a* indicated the yellowness of milled rice was lower than brown rice. The bioactive compounds of brown and milled rice significantly decreased with increasing of drying time. Brown rice roasted for 30 minutes had the highest of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, α-tocopherol, and ɤ-oryzanol content. Volume expansion and elongation of cooked rice decreased as roasting time increased and quality of cooked rice roasted for 30 min was comparable to traditional pan roasting. Hardness of cooked rice as measured by texture analyzer increased with increasing roasting time. The results indicated that rice grains at dough stage, containing a high amount of bioactive compounds, have a great potential for rice milling industries and the electrical roasting machine can be used as an alternative to pan roasting which decreases processing time and labor costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20compounds" title="bioactive compounds">bioactive compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooked%20rice" title=" cooked rice"> cooked rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dough%20stage%20rice%20grain" title=" dough stage rice grain"> dough stage rice grain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20development" title=" grain development"> grain development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roasting" title=" roasting"> roasting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91670/effect-of-roasting-treatment-on-milling-quality-physicochemical-and-bioactive-compounds-of-dough-stage-rice-grains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">623</span> Evaluation of the Construction of Terraces on a Family Farm in the Municipality of Jaboticabal (SP), Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20dos%20Santos%20Ananias">Anderson dos Santos Ananias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matheus%20Yuji%20Shigueoka"> Matheus Yuji Shigueoka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Saverio%20Souza%20Costa"> Roberto Saverio Souza Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil and water conservation can be conceptualized as a combination of management and use methods, which have the function of protecting them against deterioration induced by anthropogenic or natural factors. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the rural extension work in soil conservation carried out at Sítio do Alto in Jaboticabal-SP, through the analysis of planimetric data (latitude and longitude coordinates) and altimetric differences of the empirically constructed terraces by the rural producer and with technical guidance from CATI (Coordination of Integral Technical Assistance). A data collection procedure was carried out in the field, with GPS L1/L2, before the construction of five (5) terraces technically level and after their construction. The results showed that the greatest differences were found on terrace one (1), with a maximum latitude difference of 57 meters, the longitude of 23 m, and altitude of 2 m. These results corroborate the observations in the field, in which the presence of a great erosion caused by the incorrect construction of terrace 1 was verified rainwater to the side of the rural property, where the largest erosion furrows with the beginning of gully formation were found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS" title="GPS">GPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20pratice" title=" mechanical pratice"> mechanical pratice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20runoff" title=" surface runoff"> surface runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153307/evaluation-of-the-construction-of-terraces-on-a-family-farm-in-the-municipality-of-jaboticabal-sp-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">622</span> Agronomic Manipulation in Cultivation Practices of Scented Rice: For Sustainable Crop Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damini%20Thawait">Damini Thawait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Dwivedi"> S. K. Dwivedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20K.%20Patel"> Amit K. Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaptika%20Kar"> Samaptika Kar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experiment was carried out at Raipur during season of 2012 to find out the optimum planting patterns for scented rice cultivation. The treatment (T2) planting of two to three seedlings hill-1 transplanted in the spacing of 25 cm from plant to plant and 25 cm from row to row recorded significantly good grain quality i.e. higher head rice recovery (41.41) along with higher gain length (8.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title="rice">rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scented" title=" scented"> scented</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield "> yield </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21990/agronomic-manipulation-in-cultivation-practices-of-scented-rice-for-sustainable-crop-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">621</span> Small Scale Batch Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20H.%20Nguyen">V. H. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Castalone"> A. Castalone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Jamieson"> C. Jamieson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gummert"> M. Gummert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice straw is an abundant biomass resource in Asian countries that can be used for bioenergy. In continuously flooded rice fields, it can be removed without reducing the levels of soil organic matter. One suitable bioenergy technology is anaerobic digestion (AD), but it needs to be further verified using rice straw as a feedstock. For this study, a batch AD system was developed using rice straw and cow dung. It is low cost, farm scale, with the batch capacity ranging from 5 kg to 200 kg of straw mixed with 10% of cow dung. The net energy balance obtained was from 3000 to 4000 MJ per ton of straw input at 15-18% moisture content. Net output energy obtained from biogas and digestate ranged from 4000 to 5000 MJ per ton of straw. This indicates AD as a potential solution for converting rice straw from a waste to a clean fuel, reducing the environmental footprint caused by current disposal practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20straw" title="rice straw">rice straw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title=" anaerobic digestion"> anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioenergy" title=" bioenergy"> bioenergy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54846/small-scale-batch-anaerobic-digestion-of-rice-straw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">620</span> Effects of Application of Rice Husk Charcoal-Coated Urea and Rice Straw Compost on Growth, Yield, and Properties of Lowland Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20A.%20S.%20Gamage">D. A. S. Gamage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20F.%20A.%20Basnayake"> B. F. A. Basnayake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.A.J.M.%20De%20Costa"> W.A.J.M. De Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice is the staple food of Sri Lankans thus; rice cultivation is the major agricultural activity of the country. The application of inorganic fertilizer has become a burden to the country. The excessive application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can potentially lead to deterioration of the quality of water. In mixing both urea and rice husk charcoal and rice straw compost in soils causes a slow release of nitrogen fertilizer, thus reducing the cost of importations of nitrogen based fertilizers per unit area of cultivation. Objective of this study was to evaluate rice husk charcoal coated urea as a slow releasing fertilizer and compare the total N,P, K, organic matter in soil and yield of rice production. Five treatments were used for twenty pots (pot size 30 cm diameter and 45 cm height) each replicated four times as: inorganic fertilizer only (Urea, TSP and MOP) (Treatment 1); rice husk charcoal coated urea, TSP and MOP (Treatment 2); inorganic fertilizer (Urea, TSP and MOP) with rice straw compost only (Treatment 3); rice husk charcoal urea, TSP and MOP with rice straw compost (Treatment 4); and no fertilizer as the control (Treatment 5). Rice grain yield was significantly higher in treatment 4 where rice husk charcoal coated urea, TSP and MOP with rice straw compost. The lowest yield was observed in control (treatment 5). The lower the value of the nitrogen to phosphorous ratio in soil, it indicates higher uptake of phosphorous. Charcoal can be used as a soil amendment and organic fertilizer, but adjustment of pH was required at high application rates. K content of soil of treatment 3 and 4 were the highest with compared to the treatment 1. Rice husk charcoal coated urea can potentially be used as a slow releasing nitrogen fertilizer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charcoal" title="charcoal">charcoal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk" title=" rice husk"> rice husk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20to%20phosphorous%20ratio" title=" nitrogen to phosphorous ratio"> nitrogen to phosphorous ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20amendment" title=" soil amendment"> soil amendment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35609/effects-of-application-of-rice-husk-charcoal-coated-urea-and-rice-straw-compost-on-growth-yield-and-properties-of-lowland-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">619</span> Assessment Of Factors Affecting Sustainability of Rice (Oryza sativa) Processing and Marketing in Ogun State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Omoare">A. M. Omoare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20O.%20Sofowora"> O. O. Sofowora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20O.%20Oyediran"> W. O. Oyediran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was carried out to assess the factors affecting the sustainability of rice processing and marketing in Ogun State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select one hundred and twenty (120) respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the objectives while hypotheses were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result showed that most (85%) of the respondents was less than 50 years old and had been in rice business for more than 6 years. The majority (66.67%) of the respondents got their capitals from cooperative societies. All (100%) the respondents used rice as household food security and source of income. However, efficient rice processing and marketing were affected by inadequate manpower capacity development and inputs. There was a positive and significant relationship between socio-economic characteristics and processing techniques (p < 0.05). It is hereby recommended that extension service providers should introduce improved rice processing systems to the rice millers traders in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20processing" title=" rice processing"> rice processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constraints" title=" constraints"> constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=millers%20traders" title=" millers traders"> millers traders</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6909/assessment-of-factors-affecting-sustainability-of-rice-oryza-sativa-processing-and-marketing-in-ogun-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">618</span> Economics of Milled Rice Marketing in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleh%20Yusufu%20Godi">Suleh Yusufu Godi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ado%20Makama%20Adamu"> Ado Makama Adamu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marketing involves all the legal, physical, and economic services which are necessary in moving products from producer to consumers. The more efficient the marketing functions are performed the better the marketing system for the farmers, marketing agents, and the society at large. Rice marketing ensures the flow of product from producers to consumers in the form, time and place of need. Therefore, this study examined profitability of milled rice marketing in Gombe metropolis, Gombe State. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from ninety randomly selected rice marketers in Gombe metropolis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budget technique and regression analysis. The study revealed the total rice marketing cost incurred by rice marketers to be N6, 610,214.70. This gave an average of N73, 446.83 per marketer and N37.30 per Kilogram of rice. The Gross Income for rice marketers in Gombe metropolis was N15, 064,600.00. This value gave an average of N167, 384.44 per rice marketer or N85.00 per kilogram of rice. The study also revealed net income for all rice marketers to be N8, 454,385.30. This gave an average of N93, 937.61 per rice marketer or N47.70 per Kilogram of rice. The study further revealed a marketing margin, marketing efficiency and return per naira invested on rice marketing to be 39.30%, 150.16% and N0.56, respectively. The result of regression analysis shows that age, sex and cost of transportation are positive and significantly affect marketing margin of rice marketers in Gombe Metropolis. However, the main constraints to rice marketing in Gombe metropolis include inadequate electricity, capital, high transportation cost, instability of prices and low patronage among others. The study recommends provision of adequate electrical power supply in the State especially the State capital and also encouraging rice marketers in Gombe metropolis to form cooperative societies so as to have easy access to credit facilities especially from the formal sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20marketers" title="rice marketers">rice marketers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milled%20rice" title=" milled rice"> milled rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20and%20return" title=" cost and return"> cost and return</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20margin" title=" marketing margin"> marketing margin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profitability" title=" profitability"> profitability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164379/economics-of-milled-rice-marketing-in-gombe-metropolis-gombe-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">617</span> The Effectivity of Lime Juice on the Cooked Rice's Shelf-Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Novriyanti%20Lubis">Novriyanti Lubis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riska%20Prasetiawati"> Riska Prasetiawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuriani%20Rahayu"> Nuriani Rahayu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effectivity of lime juice on the cooked rice’s shelf-life was investigated. This research was proposed to get the optimal condition, such as concentration lime juice as the preservatives, and shelf-life cooked rice’s container to store using rice warmer. The effectivity was analysed total colony bacteriology, and physically. The variation of lime juice’s concentration that have been used were 0%, 0,46%, 0,93%, 1,40%, and 1,87%. The observation of cooked rice’s quality was done every 12 hours, including colour, smell, flavour, and total colony every 24 hours. Based on the result of the research considered from the cooked rice’s quality through observing the total of the colony bacteriology and physically, it showed the optimum concentrate which is effective preserve the cooked rise’s level concentrate was 0.93%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteriology" title="bacteriology">bacteriology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooked%20rice%27s" title=" cooked rice's"> cooked rice's</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime%20juice" title=" lime juice"> lime juice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preservative" title=" preservative"> preservative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56368/the-effectivity-of-lime-juice-on-the-cooked-rices-shelf-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">616</span> Differential Impacts of Whole-Growth-Duration Warming on the Grain Yield and Quality between Early and Late Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shan%20Huang">Shan Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanjun%20Huang"> Guanjun Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongjun%20Zeng"> Yongjun Zeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiyuan%20Wang"> Haiyuan Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impacts of whole-growth warming on grain yield and quality in double rice cropping systems still remain largely unknown. In this study, a two-year field whole-growth warming experiment was conducted with two inbred indica rice cultivars (Zhongjiazao 17 and Xiangzaoxian 45) for early season and two hybrid indica rice cultivars (Wanxiangyouhuazhan and Tianyouhuazhan) for late season. The results showed that whole-growth warming did not affect early rice yield but significantly decreased late rice yield, which was caused by the decreased grain weight that may be related to the increased plant respiration and reduced translocation of dry matter accumulated during the pre-heading phase under warming. Whole-growth warming improved the milling quality of late rice but decreased that of early rice; however, the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree were increased by 20.7% and 33.9% for early rice and 37.6 % and 51.6% for late rice under warming, respectively. We found that the crude protein content of milled rice was significantly increased by warming in both early and late rice, which would result in deterioration of eating quality. Besides, compared with the control treatment, the setback of late rice was significantly reduced by 17.8 % under warming, while that of early rice was not significantly affected by warming. These results suggest that the negative impacts of whole-growth warming on grain quality may be more severe in early rice than in late rice. Therefore, adaptation in both rice breeding and agronomic practices is needed to alleviate climate warming on the production of a double rice cropping system. Climate-smart agricultural practices ought to be implemented to mitigate the detrimental effects of warming on rice grain quality. For instance, fine-tuning the application rate and timing of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, along with the introduction of organic amendments and the cultivation of heat-tolerant rice varieties, can help reduce the negative impact of rising temperatures on rice quality. Furthermore, to comprehensively understand the influence of climate warming on rice grain quality, future research should encompass a wider range of rice cultivars and experimental sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20warming" title="climate warming">climate warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20rice%20cropping" title=" double rice cropping"> double rice cropping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20matter" title=" dry matter"> dry matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20quality" title=" grain quality"> grain quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20yield" title=" grain yield"> grain yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187372/differential-impacts-of-whole-growth-duration-warming-on-the-grain-yield-and-quality-between-early-and-late-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">615</span> Strategy in Controlling Rice-Field Conversion in Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurliani">Nurliani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ida%20Rosada"> Ida Rosada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The national rice consumption keeps increasing along with raising income of the households and the rapid growth of population. However, food availability, particularly rice, is limited. Impacts of rice-field conversion have run cumulatively, as we can see on potential losses of rice and crops production, as well as work opportunity that keeps increasing year-by-year. Therefore, it requires policy recommendation to control rice-field conversion through economic, social, and ecological approaches. The research was a survey method intended to: (1) Identify internal factors; quality and productivity of the land as the cause of land conversion, (2) Identify external factors of land conversion, value of the rice-field and the competitor’s land, workforce absorption, and regulation, as well as (3) Formulate strategies in controlling rice-field conversion. Population of the research was farmers who applied land conversion at Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi. Samples were determined using the incidental sampling method. Data analysis used productivity analysis, land quality analysis, total economic value analysis, and SWOT analysis. Results of the research showed that the quality of rice-field was low as well as productivity of the grains (unhulled-rice). So that, average productivity of the grains and quality of rice-field were low as well. Total economic value of rice-field was lower than the economic value of the embankment. Workforce absorption value on rice-field was higher than on the embankment. Strategies in controlling such rice-field conversion can be done by increasing rice-field productivity, improving land quality, applying cultivation technique of specific location, improving the irrigation lines, and socializing regulation and sanction about the transfer of land use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20conversion" title="land conversion">land conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20rice-field" title=" quality of rice-field"> quality of rice-field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20economic%20value." title=" land economic value."> land economic value.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56534/strategy-in-controlling-rice-field-conversion-in-pangkep-regency-south-sulawesi-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">614</span> Physicochemical Characteristics of Rice Starch Chainat 1 Variety by Physical Modification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orose%20Rugchati">Orose Rugchati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarawut%20Wattanawongpitak"> Sarawut Wattanawongpitak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Chainat 1 variety (CN1) of rice, which generally has high amylose starch, is distributed in the lower part of Northern Thailand. CN1 rice starch can be used in both food and non-food products. In this research, the CN1 rice starch from the wet-milling process was prepared by Pre-Gelatinization (Heat-Moisture Treatments, HMT) under different conditions: percentage of moisture contents (20% and 30%) and duration time in minutes (0, 30, 60, and 90) at a specific temperature 110°C. The physicochemical characteristics of CN1 rice starch modification, such as amylose content, viscosity, swelling, and solubility property, were evaluated and compared with native CN1 rice starch. The results showed that modification CN1 rice starch tends to have some characteristics better than native starch. The appearance color and starch granule of modified CN1 by HMT have more effective characteristics than native starch when increased duration time. The duration time and moisture content are significant factors to the CN1 starch characteristic by HMT. Moreover, physical modification of CN1 starch by HMT can be described as a modified rice starch providing in many applications and the advantage of biodegradability development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20characteristics" title="physicochemical characteristics">physicochemical characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20modification" title=" physical modification"> physical modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-gelatinization" title=" pre-gelatinization"> pre-gelatinization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heat-Moisture%20Treatments" title=" Heat-Moisture Treatments"> Heat-Moisture Treatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20starch" title=" rice starch"> rice starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chainat%201%20variety%20%28CN1%29" title=" Chainat 1 variety (CN1)"> Chainat 1 variety (CN1)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107385/physicochemical-characteristics-of-rice-starch-chainat-1-variety-by-physical-modification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hani%20rice%20terraces&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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