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<meta name="description" content="Search results for: font"> <meta name="keywords" content="font"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="font"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 22</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: font</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Thai Arts and Culture the Formation of Thai Identity Letter Font Designed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kreetha%20Thumcharoensathit">Kreetha Thumcharoensathit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the analysis of Thai Arts and Culture which concerning the formation of Thai identity letter font designed is to identify The Aumphawa local community identity so as to select the suitable letter font which can applicable to the computer software usage. The populated survey was from the group of local people who live in Aumphawa sub-district. The methodological is cluster sampling from 100 surveyed, those 50 were from people who have household registration done in Aumphawa sub-district and other from people who live outside. In order to analyze and design the Thai identity letter font computer software designed for both Thai and English language version, the analysis had been completed by compiling of document and field survey from local people’s opinion on their Arts and Culture identity. The out-put will be submitted to the experts for evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20arts" title="Thai arts">Thai arts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=font" title=" font"> font</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7600/thai-arts-and-culture-the-formation-of-thai-identity-letter-font-designed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Principle Components Updates via Matrix Perturbations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Elragig">Aiman Elragig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Dreiwi"> Hanan Dreiwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dung%20Ly"> Dung Ly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idriss%20Elmabrook"> Idriss Elmabrook</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper highlights a new approach to look at online principle components analysis (OPCA). Given a data matrix X <span style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">∈ </span> R,^m x n we characterise the online updates of its covariance as a matrix perturbation problem. Up to the principle components, it turns out that online updates of the batch PCA can be captured by symmetric matrix perturbation of the batch covariance matrix. We have shown that as n→ n0 >> 1, the batch covariance and its update become almost similar. Finally, utilize our new setup of online updates to find a bound on the angle distance of the principle components of X and its update. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20data%20updates" title="online data updates">online data updates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covariance%20matrix" title=" covariance matrix"> covariance matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20principle%20component%20analysis" title=" online principle component analysis"> online principle component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20perturbation" title=" matrix perturbation"> matrix perturbation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76536/principle-components-updates-via-matrix-perturbations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Frequency- and Content-Based Tag Cloud Font Distribution Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81gnes%20Bog%C3%A1rdi-M%C3%A9sz%C3%B6ly">Ágnes Bogárdi-Mészöly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeshi%20Hashimoto"> Takeshi Hashimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shohei%20Yokoyama"> Shohei Yokoyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Ishikawa"> Hiroshi Ishikawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The spread of Web 2.0 has caused user-generated content explosion. Users can tag resources to describe and organize them. Tag clouds provide rough impression of relative importance of each tag within overall cloud in order to facilitate browsing among numerous tags and resources. The goal of our paper is to enrich visualization of tag clouds. A font distribution algorithm has been proposed to calculate a novel metric based on frequency and content, and to classify among classes from this metric based on power law distribution and percentages. The suggested algorithm has been validated and verified on the tag cloud of a real-world thesis portal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tag%20cloud" title="tag cloud">tag cloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=font%20distribution%20algorithm" title=" font distribution algorithm"> font distribution algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency-based" title=" frequency-based"> frequency-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content-based" title=" content-based"> content-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20law" title=" power law"> power law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8529/frequency-and-content-based-tag-cloud-font-distribution-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> A Study on Establishing Criteria for Installation of Small Road Signs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-KeunBaik">Sang-KeunBaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyu-Soo%20Chong"> Kyu-Soo Chong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon-Yeop%20Na"> Joon-Yeop Na</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study attempts to reduce the wind load of road signs, improve roadside landscaping, and enhance the safety of road users by establishing criteria for the installation of small road signs. First, we derive the minimum font size that can be used on road signs according to the road’s design speed by considering the visibility and legibility of such road signs. We classify road junctions into eight types based on junction type (intersection, interchange, and expressway) and on the number of road lanes. Furthermore, we propose small sign alternatives, to which the minimum font size is applied, to be placed by each road junction. To verify the effects of the small signs, we implemented a 3D simulation road environment, to which the small road signs were applied, and performed experiments using the driving simulator targeting 50 drivers. The experiments compared and analyzed the effects, whether the driver proceeds to the desired exit and the average driving time, between the existing large road signs and the improved small road signs under the same road conditions and intersection type. We conducted a survey with the participants of the simulation experiment on the preference between graphical signs (large road signs) and exit-centric signs (small road signs). The results show that the participants prefer the exit-centric signs (60%) to the graphical signs (40%). We propose installation criteria for small road signs for intersections, interchanges, and expressways based on the results of the experiment and the survey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20simulation" title="3D simulation">3D simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20simulator" title=" driving simulator"> driving simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legibility%20distance" title=" legibility distance"> legibility distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20font%20size" title=" minimum font size"> minimum font size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20road%20signs" title=" small road signs"> small road signs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11321/a-study-on-establishing-criteria-for-installation-of-small-road-signs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Preferred Character Size for Oblique Angles </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Photjanat%20Phimnom">Photjanat Phimnom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruetai%20Lohasiriwat"> Haruetai Lohasiriwat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s world, the LED display has been used for presenting visual information under various circumstances. Such information is an important intermediary in the human information processing. Researchers have been investigated diverse factors that influence this process effectiveness. The letter size is undoubtedly one major factor that has been tested and recommended by many standards and guidelines. However, viewing information on the display from direct perpendicular position is a typical assumption whereas many actual events are required viewing from the angles. This current research aims to study the effect of oblique viewing angle and viewing distance on ability to recognize alphabet, number, and English word. The total of ten participants was volunteered to our 3 x 4 x 4 within subject study. Independent variables include three distance levels (2, 6, and 12 m), four oblique angle (0, 45, 60, 75 degree), and four target types (alphabet, number, short words, and long words). Following the method of constant stimuli we found that the larger oblique angle, ranging from 0 to 75 degree from the line of sight, results in significant higher legibility threshold or larger font size required (p-value < 0.05). Viewing distance factor also shows to have significant effect on the threshold (p-value < 0.05). However, the effect from distance factor is expected to be confounded by the quality of the screen we used in our experiment. Lastly, our results show that single alphabet as well as single number are recognized at significant lower threshold (smaller font size) as compared to both short and long words (p-value < 0.05). Therefore, it is recommended that when designs information to be presented on LED display, understanding of all possible ranges of oblique angle should be taken into account in order to specify the preferred letter size. Additionally, the recommendation of letter size for 100 % readability in our tested conditions is provided in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=letter%20size" title="letter size">letter size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblique%20angle" title=" oblique angle"> oblique angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viewing%20distance" title=" viewing distance"> viewing distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legibility%20threshold" title=" legibility threshold"> legibility threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18450/preferred-character-size-for-oblique-angles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Generating Arabic Fonts Using Rational Cubic Ball Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakharuddin%20Ibrahim">Fakharuddin Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamaludin%20Md.%20Ali"> Jamaludin Md. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ramli"> Ahmad Ramli </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we will discuss about the data interpolation by using the rational cubic Ball curve. To generate a curve with a better and satisfactory smoothness, the curve segments must be connected with a certain amount of continuity. The continuity that we will consider is of type G<sup>1</sup> continuity. The conditions considered are known as the G<sup>1</sup> Hermite condition. A simple application of the proposed method is to generate an Arabic font satisfying the required continuity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20interpolation" title="data interpolation">data interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20ball%20curve" title=" rational ball curve"> rational ball curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hermite%20condition" title=" hermite condition"> hermite condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuity" title=" continuity"> continuity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44202/generating-arabic-fonts-using-rational-cubic-ball-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> The Use of Graphic Design Elements for Design of Newspaper for Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pibool%20Waijittragum">Pibool Waijittragum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper has its objectives to reveal contents and personality suitable to women’s newspapers. The research methodology employed in this study is the questionnaire which is derived from a literature review related to newspapers, graphic elements method for print media design and 12 sample sizes of different daily newspapers. In order to acquire an in-depth understanding and comprehensible view of desirable for a women’s newspaper design, graphic elements that related to that personality as well as other preferable elements for a women’s newspaper, including seven editorial Many Thai newspapers were offer a women’s documentary and column space. With its feminine looks, most of them appeared with warm tones and friendly mood through their headlines, contents, illustrations and graphics. The study found that most desirable personalities for a women’s newspaper design in Thailand are: Modern, Chic and Natural. Each personality has significant graphic elements as follows: 1. Modern: significant elements of modern personality comprises of the composition with graduation pattern which creates attractiveness by using an anomalous alignment layout grid and outstanding structure to create focal points and dynamic movement. Dark to black color that has narrowed, limited hue coupled with bright color tones. The round shape of the Thai font style was suitable for this concept. Such Thai fonts have harmonious proportion and consistent stroke with the urban-polite look. 2. Chic: significant elements of chic personality comprises of the proper composition with distinctive scale, using rhythmic repetition and a contrast of scale to draw in reader attention. Vivid and bright color tones with extensive hues coupled with similar color tones and round shape of the Thai font style with a light stroke and consistent line. 3. Natural: significant elements of natural personality comprises of the proper composition using rhythmic repetition that creates a focal point through striking images and harmonious perspective. Warm color tones with restricted hues that appear to look natural. Duo tone color was suitable through the gradually increasing gradient. The Thai style with hand writing font was suitable through the inconsistent stroke. There are 10 types of daily content that were revealed to be the most desirable for Thai women readers, these are: Daily News, Economics News, Education News, Entertainment News, International news, Political News, Public Health News, Scientific News, Social News and Sports News. As well, there are 16 topics identified as very desirable for Thai women readers, such as: Art and Culture, Automobile, Classified, Special Scoop, Editorial, Advertisement, Entertainment, Health and Quality of Life, History, Horoscope, Lifestyle and Fashion, Literature, Nature - Environment and Tourism, Night Life, Stars and Jet Set Gossip, Women’s Issue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20behaviors" title="women behaviors">women behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminine%20looks" title=" feminine looks"> feminine looks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newspaper%20design" title=" newspaper design"> newspaper design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=news%20content" title=" news content"> news content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93668/the-use-of-graphic-design-elements-for-design-of-newspaper-for-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Micromechanism of Ionization Effects on Metal/Gas Mixing Instabilty at Extreme Shock Compressing Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shenghong%20Huang">Shenghong Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weirong%20Wang"> Weirong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xisheng%20Luo"> Xisheng Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinzhu%20Li"> Xinzhu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinwen%20Zhao"> Xinwen Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding of material mixing induced by Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) at extreme shock compressing conditions (high energy density environment: P >> 100GPa, T >> 10000k) is of great significance in engineering and science, such as inertial confinement fusion(ICF), supersonic combustion, etc. Turbulent mixing induced by RMI is a kind of complex fluid dynamics, which is closely related with hydrodynamic conditions, thermodynamic states, material physical properties such as compressibility, strength, surface tension and viscosity, etc. as well as initial perturbation on interface. For phenomena in ordinary thermodynamic conditions (low energy density environment), many investigations have been conducted and many progresses have been reported, while for mixing in extreme thermodynamic conditions, the evolution may be very different due to ionization as well as large difference of material physical properties, which is full of scientific problems and academic interests. In this investigation, the first principle based molecular dynamic method is applied to study metal Lithium and gas Hydrogen (Li-H2) interface mixing in micro/meso scale regime at different shock compressing loading speed ranging from 3 km/s to 30 km/s. It's found that, 1) Different from low-speed shock compressing cases, in high-speed shock compresing (>9km/s) cases, a strong acceleration of metal/gas interface after strong shock compression is observed numerically, leading to a strong phase inverse and spike growing with a relative larger linear rate. And more specially, the spike growing rate is observed to be increased with shock loading speed, presenting large discrepancy with available empirical RMI models; 2) Ionization is happened in shock font zone at high-speed loading cases(>9km/s). An additional local electric field induced by the inhomogeneous diffusion of electrons and nuclei after shock font is observed to occur near the metal/gas interface, leading to a large acceleration of nuclei in this zone; 3) In conclusion, the work of additional electric field contributes to a mechanism of RMI in micro/meso scale regime at extreme shock compressing conditions, i.e., a Rayleigh-Taylor instability(RTI) is induced by additional electric field during RMI mixing process and thus a larger linear growing rate of interface spike. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionization" title="ionization">ionization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%2Fmeso%20scale" title=" micro/meso scale"> micro/meso scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20mixing" title=" material mixing"> material mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock" title=" shock"> shock</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58620/micromechanism-of-ionization-effects-on-metalgas-mixing-instabilty-at-extreme-shock-compressing-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Topology-Based Character Recognition Method for Coin Date Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xingyu%20Pan">Xingyu Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laure%20Tougne"> Laure Tougne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For recognizing coins, the graved release date is important information to identify precisely its monetary type. However, reading characters in coins meets much more obstacles than traditional character recognition tasks in the other fields, such as reading scanned documents or license plates. To address this challenging issue in a numismatic context, we propose a training-free approach dedicated to detection and recognition of the release date of the coin. In the first step, the date zone is detected by comparing histogram features; in the second step, a topology-based algorithm is introduced to recognize coin numbers with various font types represented by binary gradient map. Our method obtained a recognition rate of 92% on synthetic data and of 44% on real noised data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coin" title="coin">coin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=character%20recognition" title=" character recognition"> character recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topology" title=" topology"> topology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55637/topology-based-character-recognition-method-for-coin-date-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> The Application of a Hybrid Neural Network for Recognition of a Handwritten Kazakh Text</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Almagul%20%20Assainova">Almagul Assainova </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariya%20Abykenova"> Dariya Abykenova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liudmila%20Goncharenko"> Liudmila Goncharenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20%20Sybachin"> Sergey Sybachin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saule%20Rakhimova"> Saule Rakhimova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abay%20Aman"> Abay Aman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recognition of a handwritten Kazakh text is a relevant objective today for the digitization of materials. The study presents a model of a hybrid neural network for handwriting recognition, which includes a convolutional neural network and a multi-layer perceptron. Each network includes 1024 input neurons and 42 output neurons. The model is implemented in the program, written in the Python programming language using the EMNIST database, NumPy, Keras, and Tensorflow modules. The neural network training of such specific letters of the Kazakh alphabet as ә, ғ, қ, ң, ө, ұ, ү, h, і was conducted. The neural network model and the program created on its basis can be used in electronic document management systems to digitize the Kazakh text. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handwriting%20recognition%20system" title="handwriting recognition system">handwriting recognition system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20recognition" title=" image recognition"> image recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazakh%20font" title=" Kazakh font"> Kazakh font</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129773/the-application-of-a-hybrid-neural-network-for-recognition-of-a-handwritten-kazakh-text" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Concentrated Solar Energy Sintering of Multifunctional Metallic Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catalin%20Croitoru">Catalin Croitoru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ionut%20Claudiu%20Roata"> Ionut Claudiu Roata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Employing concentrated solar energy (CSE) for sintering metallic parts offers distinct advantages, notably in the rapid thermal cycling that significantly influences their microstructure and phase transitions. This study uses the thermal control that CSE affords, enhancing the mechanical properties and tailoring the functionality of nickel-based alloys. We synthesized bulk alloys by sintering Ni-Cr-Al-Y powders in varied ratios using a vertical solar furnace at PROMES-CNRS, Font-Romeu Odeillo, France. The process achieved optimal fusion at 800°C for 10 minutes, resulting in materials with a notable hydrophilic surface due to oxide formation. The alloys’ performance was evaluated through corrosion resistance tests in a 3.5% wt. NaCl solution, utilizing potentiodynamic scanning and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Our findings demonstrate the potential of CSE in advancing the material properties of nickel-based alloys for diverse applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentrated%20solar%20energy" title="concentrated solar energy">concentrated solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sintering" title=" sintering"> sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20resistance" title=" corrosion resistance"> corrosion resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20properties" title=" surface properties"> surface properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192237/concentrated-solar-energy-sintering-of-multifunctional-metallic-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Improved Safety Science: Utilizing a Design Hierarchy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrica%20Pettersson">Ulrica Pettersson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <h2 style="margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 9pt;">Collection of information on incidents is regularly done through pre-printed incident report forms. These tend to be incomplete and frequently lack essential information. ne consequence is that reports with inadequate information, that do not fulfil analysts’ requirements, are transferred into the analysis process. To improve an incident reporting form, theory in design science, witness psychology and interview and questionnaire research has been used. Previously three experiments have been conducted to evaluate the form and shown significant improved results. The form has proved to capture knowledge, regardless of the incidents’ character or context. The aim in this paper is to describe how design science, in more detail a design hierarchy can be used to construct a collection form for improvements in safety science.<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20collection" title="data collection">data collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20science" title=" design science"> design science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incident%20reports" title=" incident reports"> incident reports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20science" title=" safety science"> safety science</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58257/improved-safety-science-utilizing-a-design-hierarchy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Small Text Extraction from Documents and Chart Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rominkumar%20Busa">Rominkumar Busa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahira%20K.%20C."> Shahira K. C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lijiya%20A."> Lijiya A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Text recognition is an important area in computer vision which deals with detecting and recognising text from an image. The Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a saturated area these days and with very good text recognition accuracy. However the same OCR methods when applied on text with small font sizes like the text data of chart images, the recognition rate is less than 30%. In this work, aims to extract small text in images using the deep learning model, CRNN with CTC loss. The text recognition accuracy is found to improve by applying image enhancement by super resolution prior to CRNN model. We also observe the text recognition rate further increases by 18% by applying the proposed method, which involves super resolution and character segmentation followed by CRNN with CTC loss. The efficiency of the proposed method shows that further pre-processing on chart image text and other small text images will improve the accuracy further, thereby helping text extraction from chart images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20text%20extraction" title="small text extraction">small text extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCR" title=" OCR"> OCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scene%20text%20recognition" title=" scene text recognition"> scene text recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRNN" title=" CRNN"> CRNN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150310/small-text-extraction-from-documents-and-chart-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Logo Design of Pajamas, OTOP Product of Sainoi Community, Sainoi District, Nonthaburi Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Witthaya%20Mekhum">Witthaya Mekhum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Napasri%20Suwanajote"> Napasri Suwanajote</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isara%20Sangprasert"> Isara Sangprasert </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research on logo design of pajamas, OTOP product of Sainoi community, Sainoi district, Nonthanuri Province is a participatory action research aiming to find the logo for pajamas, an OTOP product of Sainoi community. Sample of this research is 50 local residents from Sainoi community in Sainoi district, Nonthanuri Province. The questionnaire consisted of 4 main parts. Part 1: factors that influence the decisions of consumers; Part 2: characteristics of the materials used in the design; Part 3: attitude assessment and needs of consumers about logo designing to develop marketing channels; Part 4: suggestions. Interviews were conducted. For data analysis, checklist items were analyzed with frequency and percentage. Open-end items were analyzed by summarizing and using ratio scale and mean and standard deviation. The research results showed that the design, cutting and fabric affect the decision of the consumers. They want design to be decent and beautiful. Illustrations used in graphic design logos should be Lines. Fonts should be English letters and the color of the font should be the same color. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title="design">design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logo" title=" logo"> logo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OTOP%20product" title=" OTOP product"> OTOP product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pajamas" title=" pajamas"> pajamas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12015/logo-design-of-pajamas-otop-product-of-sainoi-community-sainoi-district-nonthaburi-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Importance of Artificial Intelligence on Arts and Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Adel%20Hakim%20Fouad">Mariam Adel Hakim Fouad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This quantitative examine investigates innovative arts teachers' perceptions regarding the implementation of an Inclusive innovative Arts curriculum. The study employs a descriptive method utilizing a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire comprising 15 objects to acquire data from innovative arts educators. The Census, with a disproportionate stratified sampling approach, became utilized to pick out 226 teachers from five academic circuits (Circuit A, B, C, D & E) within Offinso Municipality, Ghana. The findings suggest that most innovative arts instructors maintain a wonderful belief in enforcing an inclusive, innovative arts curriculum. Wonderful perceptions and attitudes amongst teachers are correlated with improved scholar engagement and participation in class sports. This has a look at recommends organizing workshops and in-carrier schooling periods centered on inclusive innovative arts schooling for creative Arts instructors. Moreover, it shows that colleges of education and universities accountable for trainer schooling integrate foundational guides in creative arts and special schooling into their number one schooling teacher training packages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arts-in-health" title="arts-in-health">arts-in-health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence%20based%20medicine" title=" evidence based medicine"> evidence based medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arts%20for%20health" title=" arts for health"> arts for health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expressive%20arts%20therapiesarts" title=" expressive arts therapiesarts"> expressive arts therapiesarts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title=" cultural heritage"> cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitalization" title=" digitalization"> digitalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICTarts" title=" ICTarts"> ICTarts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=font" title=" font"> font</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189742/the-importance-of-artificial-intelligence-on-arts-and-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Myanmar Character Recognition Using Eight Direction Chain Code Frequency Features </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyi%20Pyar%20Zaw">Kyi Pyar Zaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zin%20Mar%20Kyu"> Zin Mar Kyu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Character recognition is the process of converting a text image file into editable and searchable text file. Feature Extraction is the heart of any character recognition system. The character recognition rate may be low or high depending on the extracted features. In the proposed paper, 25 features for one character are used in character recognition. Basically, there are three steps of character recognition such as character segmentation, feature extraction and classification. In segmentation step, horizontal cropping method is used for line segmentation and vertical cropping method is used for character segmentation. In the Feature extraction step, features are extracted in two ways. The first way is that the 8 features are extracted from the entire input character using eight direction chain code frequency extraction. The second way is that the input character is divided into 16 blocks. For each block, although 8 feature values are obtained through eight-direction chain code frequency extraction method, we define the sum of these 8 feature values as a feature for one block. Therefore, 16 features are extracted from that 16 blocks in the second way. We use the number of holes feature to cluster the similar characters. We can recognize the almost Myanmar common characters with various font sizes by using these features. All these 25 features are used in both training part and testing part. In the classification step, the characters are classified by matching the all features of input character with already trained features of characters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chain%20code%20frequency" title="chain code frequency">chain code frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=character%20recognition" title=" character recognition"> character recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features%20matching" title=" features matching"> features matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77278/myanmar-character-recognition-using-eight-direction-chain-code-frequency-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Convolutional Neural Networks-Optimized Text Recognition with Binary Embeddings for Arabic Expiry Date Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Lotfy">Mohamed Lotfy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Soliman"> Ghada Soliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recognizing Arabic dot-matrix digits is a challenging problem due to the unique characteristics of dot-matrix fonts, such as irregular dot spacing and varying dot sizes. This paper presents an approach for recognizing Arabic digits printed in dot matrix format. The proposed model is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) that take the dot matrix as input and generate embeddings that are rounded to generate binary representations of the digits. The binary embeddings are then used to perform Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on the digit images. To overcome the challenge of the limited availability of dotted Arabic expiration date images, we developed a True Type Font (TTF) for generating synthetic images of Arabic dot-matrix characters. The model was trained on a synthetic dataset of 3287 images and 658 synthetic images for testing, representing realistic expiration dates from 2019 to 2027 in the format of yyyy/mm/dd. Our model achieved an accuracy of 98.94% on the expiry date recognition with Arabic dot matrix format using fewer parameters and less computational resources than traditional CNN-based models. By investigating and presenting our findings comprehensively, we aim to contribute substantially to the field of OCR and pave the way for advancements in Arabic dot-matrix character recognition. Our proposed approach is not limited to Arabic dot matrix digit recognition but can also be extended to text recognition tasks, such as text classification and sentiment analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title="computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20character%20recognition" title=" optical character recognition"> optical character recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175474/convolutional-neural-networks-optimized-text-recognition-with-binary-embeddings-for-arabic-expiry-date-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Investigation of Wood Chips as Internal Carbon Source Supporting Denitrification Process in Domestic Wastewater Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruth%20Lorivi">Ruth Lorivi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianzheng%20Li"> Jianzheng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20J.%20Ambuchi"> John J. Ambuchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaiwen%20Deng"> Kaiwen Deng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-US">Nitrogen removal from wastewater is accomplished by nitrification and denitrification processes. Successful denitrification requires carbon, therefore, if placed after biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nitrification process, a carbon source has to be re-introduced into the water. To avoid adding a carbon source, denitrification is usually placed before BOD and nitrification processes. This process however involves recycling the nitrified effluent. In this study wood chips were used as internal carbon source which enabled placement of denitrification after BOD and nitrification process without effluent recycling. To investigate the efficiency of a wood packed aerobic-anaerobic baffled reactor on carbon and nutrients removal from domestic wastewater, a three compartment baffled reactor was presented. Each of the three compartments was packed with 329 g wood chips 1x1cm acting as an internal carbon source for denitrification. The proposed mode of operation was aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic (OAA) with no effluent recycling. The operating temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were 24 ± 2 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria Math", serif;">℃</span><span lang="EN-US">, 24 h, less than 4 mg/L and 7 ± 1 respectively. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) and total nitrogen (TN) attained was 99, 87 and 83% respectively. TN removal rate was limited by nitrification as 97% of ammonia converted into nitrate and nitrite was denitrified. These results show that application of wood chips in wastewater treatment processes is an efficient internal carbon source. </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic-anaerobic%20baffled%20reactor" title="aerobic-anaerobic baffled reactor">aerobic-anaerobic baffled reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denitrification" title=" denitrification"> denitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrification" title=" nitrification"> nitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20chip" title=" wood chip"> wood chip</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56243/investigation-of-wood-chips-as-internal-carbon-source-supporting-denitrification-process-in-domestic-wastewater-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> ARABEX: Automated Dotted Arabic Expiration Date Extraction using Optimized Convolutional Autoencoder and Custom Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hozaifa%20Zaki">Hozaifa Zaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Soliman"> Ghada Soliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we introduced an approach for Automated Dotted Arabic Expiration Date Extraction using Optimized Convolutional Autoencoder (ARABEX) with bidirectional LSTM. This approach is used for translating the Arabic dot-matrix expiration dates into their corresponding filled-in dates. A custom lightweight Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) model is then employed to extract the expiration dates. Due to the lack of available dataset images for the Arabic dot-matrix expiration date, we generated synthetic images by creating an Arabic dot-matrix True Type Font (TTF) matrix to address this limitation. Our model was trained on a realistic synthetic dataset of 3287 images, covering the period from 2019 to 2027, represented in the format of yyyy/mm/dd. We then trained our custom CRNN model using the generated synthetic images to assess the performance of our model (ARABEX) by extracting expiration dates from the translated images. Our proposed approach achieved an accuracy of 99.4% on the test dataset of 658 images, while also achieving a Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of 0.46 for image translation on our dataset. The ARABEX approach demonstrates its ability to be applied to various downstream learning tasks, including image translation and reconstruction. Moreover, this pipeline (ARABEX+CRNN) can be seamlessly integrated into automated sorting systems to extract expiry dates and sort products accordingly during the manufacturing stage. By eliminating the need for manual entry of expiration dates, which can be time-consuming and inefficient for merchants, our approach offers significant results in terms of efficiency and accuracy for Arabic dot-matrix expiration date recognition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title="computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=character%20recognition" title=" character recognition"> character recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175472/arabex-automated-dotted-arabic-expiration-date-extraction-using-optimized-convolutional-autoencoder-and-custom-convolutional-recurrent-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Neural Correlates of Attention Bias to Threat during the Emotional Stroop Task in Schizophrenia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camellia%20Al-Ibrahim">Camellia Al-Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20Yiend"> Jenny Yiend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhwinder%20S.%20Shergill"> Sukhwinder S. Shergill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Attention bias to threat play a role in the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of delusional beliefs in schizophrenia in which patients emphasize the threatening characteristics of stimuli and prioritise them for processing. Cognitive control deficits arise when task-irrelevant emotional information elicits attentional bias and obstruct optimal performance. This study is investigating neural correlates of interference effect of linguistic threat and whether these effects are independent of delusional severity. Methods: Using an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), neural correlates of interference effect of linguistic threat during the emotional Stroop task were investigated and compared patients with schizophrenia with high (N=17) and low (N=16) paranoid symptoms and healthy controls (N=20). Participants were instructed to identify the font colour of each word presented on the screen as quickly and accurately as possible. Stimuli types vary between threat-relevant, positive and neutral words. Results: Group differences in whole brain effects indicate decreased amygdala activity in patients with high paranoid symptoms compared with low paranoid patients and healthy controls. Regions of interest analysis (ROI) validated our results within the amygdala and investigated changes within the striatum showing a pattern of reduced activation within the clinical group compared to healthy controls. Delusional severity was associated with significant decreased neural activity in the striatum within the clinical group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the emotional interference mediated by the amygdala and striatum may reduce responsiveness to threat-related stimuli in schizophrenia and that attenuation of fMRI Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal within these areas might be influenced by the severity of delusional symptoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention%20bias" title="attention bias">attention bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fMRI" title=" fMRI"> fMRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schizophrenia" title=" Schizophrenia"> Schizophrenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stroop" title=" Stroop"> Stroop</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75067/neural-correlates-of-attention-bias-to-threat-during-the-emotional-stroop-task-in-schizophrenia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Regional Review of Outcome of Cervical Smears Reported with Cytological Features of Non Cervical Glandular Neoplasia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uma%20Krishnamoorthy">Uma Krishnamoorthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivienne%20Beavers"> Vivienne Beavers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janet%20Marshall"> Janet Marshall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Cervical cytology showing features raising the suspicion of non cervical glandular neoplasia are reported as code 0 under the United Kingdom National Health Service Cervical screening programme ( NHSCSP). As the suspicion is regarding non cervical neoplasia, smear is reported as normal and patient informed that cervical screening result is normal. GP receives copy of results where it states further referral is indicated in small font within text of report. Background: There were several incidents of delayed diagnosis of endometrial cancer in Lancashire which prompted this Northwest Regional review to enable an understanding of underlying pathology outcome of code zero smears to raise awareness and also to review whether further action on wording of smear results was indicated to prevent such delay. Methodology: All Smears reported at the Manchester cytology centre who process cytology for Lancashire population from March 2013 to March 2014 were reviewed and histological diagnosis outcome of women in whom smear was reported as code zero was reviewed retrospectively . Results: Total smears reported by the cytology centre during this period was approximately 109400. Reports issued with result code 0 among this during this time period was 49.Results revealed that among three fourth (37) of women with code zero smear (N=49), evidence of underlying pathology of non cervical origin was confirmed. Of this, 73 % (36) were due to endometrial pathology with 49 % (24) endometrial carcinoma, 12 % (6)polyp, 4 % atypical endometrial hyperplasia (2), 6 % endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (3), and 2 % adenomyosis (1 case) and 2 % ( 1 case) due to ovarian adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: This review demonstrated that more than half (51 %) of women with a code 0 smear report were diagnosed with underlying carcinoma and 75 % had a confirmed underlying pathology contributory to code 0 smear findings. Recommendations and Action Plan: A local rapid access referral and management pathway for this group of women was implemented as a result of this in our unit. The findings and Pathway were shared with other regional units served by the cytology centre through the Pan Lancashire cervical screening board and through the Cytology centre. Locally, the smear report wording was updated to include a rubber stamp/ print in "Red Bold letters" stating that " URGENT REFERRAL TO GYNAECOLOGY IS INDICATED". Findings were also shared through the Pan Lancashire board with National cervical screening programme board, and revisions to wording of code zero smear reports to highlight the need for Urgent referral has now been agreed at National level to be implemented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20zero%20smears" title="code zero smears">code zero smears</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endometrial%20cancer" title=" endometrial cancer"> endometrial cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20cervical%20glandular%20neoplasia" title=" non cervical glandular neoplasia"> non cervical glandular neoplasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20cancer" title=" ovarian cancer "> ovarian cancer </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27764/regional-review-of-outcome-of-cervical-smears-reported-with-cytological-features-of-non-cervical-glandular-neoplasia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> A Digital Environment for Developing Mathematical Abilities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Isabel%20Santos">M. Isabel Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Breda"> Ana Breda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Margarida%20Almeida"> Ana Margarida Almeida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research on academic abilities of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) underlines the importance of mathematics interventions. Yet the proposal of digital applications for children and youth with ASD continues to attract little attention, namely, regarding the development of mathematical reasoning, being the use of the digital technologies an area of great interest for individuals with this disorder and its use is certainly a facilitative strategy in the development of their mathematical abilities. The use of digital technologies can be an effective way to create innovative learning opportunities to these students and to develop creative, personalized and constructive environments, where they can develop differentiated abilities. The children with ASD often respond well to learning activities involving information presented visually. In this context, we present the digital Learning Environment on Mathematics for Autistic children (LEMA) that was a research project conducive to a PhD in Multimedia in Education and was developed by the Thematic Line Geometrix, located in the Department of Mathematics, in a collaboration effort with DigiMedia Research Center, of the Department of Communication and Art (University of Aveiro, Portugal). LEMA is a digital mathematical learning environment which activities are dynamically adapted to the user’s profile, towards the development of mathematical abilities of children aged 6–12 years diagnosed with ASD. LEMA has already been evaluated with end-users (both students and teacher’s experts) and based on the analysis of the collected data readjustments were made, enabling the continuous improvement of the prototype, namely considering the integration of universal design for learning (UDL) approaches, which are of most importance in ASD, due to its heterogeneity. The learning strategies incorporated in LEMA are: (i) provide options to custom choice of math activities, according to user’s profile; (ii) integrates simple interfaces with few elements, presenting only the features and content needed for the ongoing task; (iii) uses a simple visual and textual language; (iv) uses of different types of feedbacks (auditory, visual, positive/negative reinforcement, hints with helpful instructions including math concept definitions, solved math activities using split and easier tasks and, finally, the use of videos/animations that show a solution to the proposed activity); (v) provides information in multiple representation, such as text, video, audio and image for better content and vocabulary understanding in order to stimulate, motivate and engage users to mathematical learning, also helping users to focus on content; (vi) avoids using elements that distract or interfere with focus and attention; (vii) provides clear instructions and orientation about tasks to ease the user understanding of the content and the content language, in order to stimulate, motivate and engage the user; and (viii) uses buttons, familiarly icons and contrast between font and background. Since these children may experience little sensory tolerance and may have an impaired motor skill, besides the user to have the possibility to interact with LEMA through the mouse (point and click with a single button), the user has the possibility to interact with LEMA through Kinect device (using simple gesture moves). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title="autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20technologies" title=" digital technologies"> digital technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion" title=" inclusion"> inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20abilities" title=" mathematical abilities"> mathematical abilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20learning%20activities" title=" mathematical learning activities"> mathematical learning activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95427/a-digital-environment-for-developing-mathematical-abilities-in-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a 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