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<span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Causes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy_over_morality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_over_morality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Controversy over morality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy_over_morality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efforts_to_reduce_child_labour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efforts_to_reduce_child_labour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Efforts to reduce child labour</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Efforts_to_reduce_child_labour-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Efforts to reduce child labour subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Efforts_to_reduce_child_labour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Continental_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continental_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Continental efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continental_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980_Employment_Act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980_Employment_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>1980 Employment Act</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980_Employment_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RECLISA_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RECLISA_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>RECLISA Project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RECLISA_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratifications_and_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratifications_and_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Ratifications and agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratifications_and_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_child_labour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child labour</a> is often seen as a human rights concern because it is "work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development," as defined by the <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization (ILO)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, child labour is harmful in that it restricts a child's ability to attend school or receive an education.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ILO recognizes that not all forms of children working are harmful, but this article will focus on the type of child labour that is generally accepted as harmful to the child involved.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the colonial period between 1914 and 1947, child labour played an important role in the British government's control of Eswatini.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swazi labour history has previously failed to acknowledge the contributions children made to the labour industry during the colonial period, perhaps because children are often seen as extensions of their parents rather than as individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning, children usually performed unpaid labour, but beginning in the 1930s paid labour became more common.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like today, agriculture and farming was one of the largest sectors of child labour.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of the children in Eswatini subjected to harsh work conditions are victims of human trafficking.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the Eswatini government's attempts to reduce child labour, victims of human trafficking have historically worked in the most severe types of child labour jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AIDS orphans are also at a greater risk to be exploited for cheap labour.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, half of all children engaged in Eswatini's sex trade were orphans.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">Poverty</a> is one of the most common determinants of child labour, and 69% of Swazis were living in poverty as of 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because child labour interferes with schooling, an individual's ability to escape poverty is significantly reduced.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can create child-labour traps, in which the next generation is also forced into child labour because their family is still in poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, the cost of transportation is a barrier that prevents poor children from attending school in many African countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Hannie Dlamini, the chairman of the Eswatini Aids Support Organisation (EASO), "the extended family system is breaking down and there is no-one to look after orphans," meaning that "fifteen year olds are responsible for homes."<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eswatini is a lower middle-income country, and yet serious poverty exists because there is a very unequal distribution of wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The richest 10% control nearly half of the country's wealth, with the bottom 43% living in chronic poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, UNICEF found that many children initially went to work because their parents were unemployed, and the family needed a source of income.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orphaned children are at increased risk, and many orphans have lost their parents to AIDS.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eswatini has the highest HIV prevalence rate in the world, with nearly a quarter of the total population infected.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Number of children in a household also affects child labour vulnerability.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because perceived quality of a child tends to decrease as the quantity of children in a family rise, parents and others are less concerned with protecting children that are from large families.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, large families have more people to share their income and resources between, consequently increasing their risk of poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy_over_morality">Controversy over morality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversy over morality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although child labour is often seen as inherently bad because it has been found to be linked with adolescent mortality, some also argue that it should not be banned.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, should a child be permitted to work after voluntarily signing a labour contract?<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eswatini's growing poverty causes a need for children to work, particularly in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, 66% of the country's population is unable to meet basic food needs so sometimes, child labour may be the only solution for a family.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ILO also recognizes that some types of child labour may be permissible and makes the distinction between "child labour" and "hazardous work."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the organization reported that 168 million children aged 5–17 are subjected to child labour worldwide, with 85 million of these cases considered to be hazardous work.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efforts_to_reduce_child_labour">Efforts to reduce child labour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Efforts to reduce child labour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Globally, efforts to reduce child labour have been successful in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ILO reports that both child labour and hazardous work have decreased since 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continental_efforts">Continental efforts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Continental efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1963, the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> (OAU) was formed, with Eswatini joining in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its purpose was to agree upon a list of human rights and enforce them continentally.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group produced the <a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> in 1981, which included an article on the protection of children.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, the OAU was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> (AU), whose vision is that of "an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its own citizens and representing a dynamic force in global arena."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980_Employment_Act">1980 Employment Act</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1980 Employment Act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The government of Eswatini has also made several independent efforts to reduce child labour.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, the Employment Act was passed, mandating that children not be employed for any industrial work, unless the child was a direct family member of the employer, or the work was primarily educational.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Employment Act defines a child as a person under the age of 15.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For non-industrial labour, the Act made it illegal to employ children during school hours, for night shifts, for more than 6 hours a day or 33 hours a week, or for more than four hours continuously without an hour-long break.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, the Employment Act outlines restrictions for hiring "young persons," defined as those over the age of 15 but under 18.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Again, educational value is the main exception to the restrictions, as apprenticeship or vocational training may be approved by the Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both children and young people are prohibited from work that is underground, involves selling alcohol, or is dangerous to their physical or emotional wellbeing.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MBAGoup6SchoolSign.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/MBAGoup6SchoolSign.png/220px-MBAGoup6SchoolSign.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/MBAGoup6SchoolSign.png/330px-MBAGoup6SchoolSign.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/MBAGoup6SchoolSign.png/440px-MBAGoup6SchoolSign.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>One of the consequences of child labour is that it prevents children from receiving an education</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RECLISA_Project">RECLISA Project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: RECLISA Project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, the RECLISA (Reducing Exploitative Child Labour in Southern Africa) Project was launched in South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Targeting both those already involved in exploitative labour and those at risk for it, the project supported 2,000 children in Eswatini.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to ensuring that children were enrolled in primary and secondary schools, the project worked to raise public awareness of exploitative child labour.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first four years, the RECLISA Project was funded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khulisa_Management_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khulisa Management Services (page does not exist)">Khulisa Management Services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since, the Swazi government has taken over funding to continue to support children.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the Swazi government assisted orphans and other vulnerable children by paying their school fees and made plans to help pay for the final year of primary school for more children.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, because Eswatini does not have a compulsory education age, this was difficult to enforce and was only partially successful.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratifications_and_agreements">Ratifications and agreements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ratifications and agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eswatini ratified both the ILO <a href="/wiki/Minimum_Age_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimum Age Convention">Minimum Age Convention</a> (C138) and the ILO <a href="/wiki/Worst_Forms_of_Child_Labour_Convention" title="Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention">Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention</a> (C182) in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also signed the <a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_the_Rights_and_Welfare_of_the_Child" title="African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child">African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child</a> in 1992, but has not yet ratified it.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_child_labour">Types of child labour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Types of child labour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Globally, 58.6% of child labourers work in agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Eswatini, 84% of the country's poor population lives in rural areas, and nearly three-quarters of the total population relies on subsistence farming for survival.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, child labour in Eswatini is dominated by agricultural work.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, the country's top three products are sugar cane, maize, and roots and tubers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wood pulp, citrus and other fruit, cotton, and meat are also important to Eswatini's agricultural sector. Livestock herding, a type of agricultural work, is considered to be one of the most severe forms of child labour.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Industry jobs are the third most common type of child labour worldwide, at 7.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several international companies such as Coca-Cola and Cadbury have invested in Eswatini, building factories there.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coal and diamond mining have historically been major industries, but their importance has significantly declined since the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eswatini also exports textiles, but thousands of textile workers lost their jobs in 2015 when the country was removed from the U.S. fair trade agreement, due to human rights concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sex_work">Sex work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sex work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Commercial_sexual_exploitation_of_children" title="Commercial sexual exploitation of children">Commercial sexual exploitation</a> is one of the most severe forms of child labour, with orphans being particularly vulnerable.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of children involved in sex work in Eswatini live away from their place of birth.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young girls are trafficked to South Africa, trading sex for food.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High rates of prostitution and other forms of sex work spread infectious diseases, perpetuating the issue of HIV in Eswatini.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the second half of the 20th century, Eswatini tourism industry benefited from the lack of war and relative peace within the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to entertain tourists, however, children are sometimes employed and made to wear traditional attire.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along the scenic highway in <a href="/wiki/Piggs_Peak" title="Piggs Peak">Piggs Peak</a>, for example, costumed children dance for tourists for a fee.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Africa" title="Child labour in Africa">Child labour in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Eswatini" title="Human rights in Eswatini">Human rights in Eswatini</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBass2004" class="citation book cs1">Bass, Loretta Elizabeth (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/childlaborinsubs00lore"><i>Child labor in sub-Saharan 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href="/wiki/Umbutfo_Eswatini_Defence_Force" title="Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umbutfo_Eswatini_Defence_Force#Commanders" title="Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force">Commander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Eswatini" title="Law enforcement in Eswatini">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Eswatini" title="Senate of Eswatini">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Eswatini" title="House of Assembly of Eswatini">House of Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Eswatini" title="List of political parties in Eswatini">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Eswatini" title="Economy of Eswatini">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Eswatini" title="Central Bank of Eswatini">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Eswatini" title="List of companies of Eswatini">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Eswatini" title="Mining industry of Eswatini">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Eswatini" title="Prostitution in Eswatini">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_Stock_Market" title="Eswatini Stock Market">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Eswatini" title="Telecommunications in Eswatini">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Eswatini" title="Transport in Eswatini">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Eswatini" title="Category:Society of Eswatini">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Eswatini" title="Abortion in Eswatini">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Eswatini" title="Culture of Eswatini">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Eswatini" title="Demographics of Eswatini">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Eswatini" title="Education in Eswatini">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Eswatini" title="Flag of Eswatini">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Eswatini" title="Languages of Eswatini">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Eswatini" title="Music of Eswatini">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Eswatini" title="Outline of Eswatini">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eswatini" title="Category:Eswatini">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Child_labour_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Child_labour_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Africa" title="Child labour in Africa">Child labour in Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Algeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Algeria (page does not exist)">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Angola (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Benin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Benin (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Botswana" title="Child labour in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Burkina Faso (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Burundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Burundi (page does not exist)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Cameroon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Cameroon (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Cape_Verde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Cape Verde (page does not exist)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_the_Central_African_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in the Central African Republic (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Chad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Chad (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in the Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in the Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Djibouti (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eritrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Eritrea (page does not exist)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Ethiopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Ethiopia (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Gabon (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_the_Gambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in the Gambia (page does not exist)">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Guinea (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Lesotho" title="Child labour in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Liberia (page does not exist)">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Libya (page does not exist)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Malawi (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Mali (page does not exist)">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Mauritania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Mauritania (page does not exist)">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Mauritius (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Namibia" title="Child labour in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Niger (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Nigeria" title="Child labour in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Rwanda (page does not exist)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Senegal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Senegal (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Sierra Leone (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Sudan (page does not exist)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Tanzania" title="Child labour in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Tunisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Tunisia (page does not exist)">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labour in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child labour in Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&oldid=1234167968">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Child_labour_in_Eswatini&oldid=1234167968</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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