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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy - William B. 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In A Guide to the Good Life, William B. Irvine plumbs the wisdom of Stoic philosophy, one of the most popular and successful schools of thought in ancient Rome, and shows how its insight and advice are still remarkably applicable to modern lives. In A Guide to the Good Life, Irvine offers a refreshing presentation of Stoicism, showing how this ancient philosophy can still direct us toward a better life. Using the psychological insights and the practical techniques of the Stoics, Irvine offers a roadmap for anyone seeking to avoid the feelings of chronic dissatisfaction that plague so many of us. Irvine looks at various Stoic techniques for attaining tranquility and shows how to put these techniques to work in our own life. As he does so, he describes his own experiences practicing Stoicism and offers valuable first-hand advice for anyone wishing to live better by following in the footsteps of these ancient philosophers. Readers learn how to minimize worry, how to let go of the past and focus our efforts on the things we can control, and how to deal with insults, grief, old age, and the distracting temptations of fame and fortune. We learn from Marcus Aurelius the importance of prizing only things of true value, and from Epictetus we learn how to be more content with what we have. Finally, A Guide to the Good Life shows readers how to become thoughtful observers of their own lives. If we watch ourselves as we go about our daily business and later reflect on what we saw, we can better identify the sources of distress and eventually avoid that pain in our life. 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In A Guide to the Good Life, William B. Irvine plumbs the wisdom of Stoic philosophy, one of the most popular and successful schools of thought in ancient Rome, and shows how its insight and advice are still remarkably applicable to modern lives. In A Guide to the Good Life, Irvine offers a refreshing presentation of Stoicism, showing how this ancient philosophy can still direct us toward a better life. Using the psychological insights and the practical techniques of the Stoics, Irvine offers a roadmap for anyone seeking to avoid the feelings of chronic dissatisfaction that plague so many of us. Irvine looks at various Stoic techniques for attaining tranquility and shows how to put these techniques to work in our own life. As he does so, he describes his own experiences practicing Stoicism and offers valuable first-hand advice for anyone wishing to live better by following in the footsteps of these ancient philosophers. Readers learn how to minimize worry, how to let go of the past and focus our efforts on the things we can control, and how to deal with insults, grief, old age, and the distracting temptations of fame and fortune. We learn from Marcus Aurelius the importance of prizing only things of true value, and from Epictetus we learn how to be more content with what we have. Finally, A Guide to the Good Life shows readers how to become thoughtful observers of their own lives. If we watch ourselves as we go about our daily business and later reflect on what we saw, we can better identify the sources of distress and eventually avoid that pain in our life. By doing this, the Stoics thought, we can hope to attain a truly joyful life.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false,"last_page":{"pid":"PA314","order":328,"title":"314"}},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DT9rQCwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Negative%2BVisualization%2522%26pg%3DPA252%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PA252","flags":8,"order":266,"vq":"\u0026quot;Negative Visualization\u0026quot;"}]},null,{"number_of_results":41,"search_results":[{"page_id":"PR7","page_number":"vii","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNegative Visualization\u003c/b\u003e : What\u0026#39;s the Worst That Can Happen ? FIVE The Dichotomy of Control : On Becoming Invincible 85 SIX Fatalism : Letting Go of the Past ... and the Present 102 SEVEN Self - Denial : On Dealing with the Dark Side of\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR7\u0026vq=%22Negative+Visualization%22"},{"page_id":"PA63","page_number":"63","snippet_text":"The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy William B. Irvine. PART TWO Stoic Psychological Techniques This page intentionally left blank FOUR \u003cb\u003eNegative Visualization\u003c/b\u003e What\u0026#39;s the PART TWO: STOIC PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES."},{"page_id":"PA64","page_number":"64","snippet_text":"The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy William B. Irvine. This page intentionally left blank FOUR \u003cb\u003eNegative Visualization\u003c/b\u003e What\u0026#39;s the Worst That Can Happen? Any."},{"page_id":"PA65","page_number":"65","snippet_text":"... , we will likely find ourselves subject to considerable distress when the things we value are taken from us.3 Besides these reasons for contemplating the bad things that can FOUR: \u003cb\u003eNegative Visualization\u003c/b\u003e: What\u0026#39;s the Worst That Can Happen?"},{"page_id":"PA68","page_number":"68","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e — was employed by the Stoics at least as far back as Chrysippus . \u0026quot; It is , I think , the single most valuable technique in the Stoics \u0026#39; psychological tool kit . Seneca describes the \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA69","page_number":"69","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e. He counsels us, for example, when we kiss our child, to remember that she is mortal and not something we own—that she has been given to us “for the present, not inseparably nor for ever.” His advice: In the very\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA70","page_number":"70","snippet_text":"... last day. To them, living as if each day were our last is simply an extension of the \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e technique: As we go about our day, we should periodically pause to reflect on the fact that 70 Stoic Psychological Techniques."},{"page_id":"PA71","page_number":"71","snippet_text":"... if we lost our freedom. Most of us are “living the dream”—living, that is, the dream we once had for ourselves. We might be married to the person we once dreamed of marrying, have the children and job \u003cb\u003eNegative Visualization\u003c/b\u003e 71."},{"page_id":"PA72","page_number":"72","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e can help us avoid this fate. But what about those individuals who clearly aren\u0026#39;t living the dream? What about a homeless person, for example? The important thing to realize is that Stoicism is by no means a rich\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA73","page_number":"73","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e—and more generally, the adoption of Stoicism—can take some of the sting out of having nothing and thereby make those who have nothing less miserable than they would otherwise be. Along these lines, consider the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA74","page_number":"74","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e, though, is a powerful antidote to hedonic adaptation. By consciously thinking about the loss of what we have, we can regain our appreciation of it, and with this regained appreciation we can revitalize our\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA75","page_number":"75","snippet_text":"... that you can\u0026#39;t count on being struck by a catastrophe. Indeed, many people have a catastrophe- free—and as a consequence, joyless—life. (Ironically, it is these people\u0026#39;s misfortune to have a life that is blessedly \u003cb\u003eNegative Visualization\u003c/b\u003e 75."},{"page_id":"PA76","page_number":"76","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e does not have these drawbacks. We don\u0026#39;t have to wait to engage in \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e the way we have to wait to be struck by a catastrophe. Being struck by a catastrophe can easily kill us; engaging in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA77","page_number":"77","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e. Consider, for example, those individuals who say grace before a meal. Some presumably say it because they are simply in the habit of doing so. Others might say it because they fear that God will punish them if\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA78","page_number":"78","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e ; it will be easy for us to imagine , for example , that our house has burned to the ground , our boss has fired us , or we have gone blind . If we have trouble imagining such things, though, we can practice\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA79","page_number":"79","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e technique, by the way, can also be used in reverse: Besides imagining that the bad things that happened to others happen to us, we can imagine that the bad things that happen to us happened instead to others. In\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA80","page_number":"80","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e. But isn\u0026#39;t this contradictory advice? Suppose, for example, that a Stoic is invited to a picnic. While the other picnickers are enjoying themselves, the Stoic will sit there, quietly contemplating ways the picnic\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA81","page_number":"81","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e , the Stoics will be remarkably appreciative of the people and things around them . Haven\u0026#39;t they thereby set themselves up for heartache ? Won\u0026#39;t they be deeply pained when life snatches these people and things\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA82","page_number":"82","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e, after all, is to contemplate the impermanence of the world around us. Thus, a father who practices \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e, if he does it correctly, will come away with two conclusions: He is lucky to have a child\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA83","page_number":"83","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e, in other words, teaches us to embrace whatever life we happen to be living and to extract every bit of delight we can from it. But it simultaneously teaches us to prepare ourselves for changes that will deprive\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA99","page_number":"99","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e technique described in the previous chapter is really little more than a psychological trick: By thinking about how things could be worse, we forestall or reverse the hedonic adaptation process. It is nevertheless\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA107","page_number":"107","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e . In engaging in \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e , we think of the ways our situation could be worse , and our goal in doing so is to make us value whatever we have . The fatalism advocated by the Stoics is in a sense the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA108","page_number":"108","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e in chapter 4 might make readers worry that the practice of Stoicism will lead to complacency. Readers might admit that the Stoics will be unusually satisfied with what they have, whatever it may be—a blessing, to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA110","page_number":"110","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e is to contemplate the bad things that can happen to us. Seneca recommends an extension of this technique: Besides contemplating bad things happening, we should sometimes live as if they had happened. In partic\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA154","page_number":"154","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e. By contemplating the deaths of those we love, we will remove some of the shock we expe- rience if they die; we will in a sense have seen it coming. Furthermore, if we contemplate the deaths of those we love, we\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA202","page_number":"202","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e, and practicing self- denial will take more effort still. It will take both effort and willpower to abandon our old goals, such as the attainment of fame and fortune, and replace them with a new goal, namely, the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA228","page_number":"228","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e. We should contemplate the imperma- nence of all things. We should imagine ourselves losing the things we most value, including possessions and loved ones. We should also imagine the loss of our own life. If we do\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA252","page_number":"252","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e , besides making us appreciate what we have , can help us avoid clinging to the things we appreciate . Consequently , it is as important to engage in \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e when times are good as it is when times\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA267","page_number":"267","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e or voluntarily causing yourself discomfort. If hardship doesn\u0026#39;t follow, it is possible for a curious kind of disappointment to set in. You might find yourself wishing that your Stoicism would be put to the test so\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA272","page_number":"272","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e : “ At least you have the ability to speak , ” I would remind her . \u0026quot; In the first days after the stroke , you could only mumble . Back then , you couldn\u0026#39;t even move your right arm and consequently couldn\u0026#39;t feed\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA273","page_number":"273","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e alone would enable me to appreciate ice cubes as intensely as my mother does; unfortunately, it would probably take a stroke like hers to do the trick. Nevertheless, watching her suck on ice cubes has been quite\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA275","page_number":"275","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e, I have become quite appreciative of what I\u0026#39;ve got. There remains, to be sure, the question of whether I would continue to be appreciative if my circumstances changed dramatically; perhaps, without realizing it, I\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA301","page_number":"301","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e , 80 ; using intellect to overcome , 237 ; using Stoicism to overcome , 100-101 , 229 , 242 , 253 , 262 ; using Xanax to overcome , 241–42 ; and voluntary discomfort , 112 Apollonius of Chalcedon , 56 apologies\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA301\u0026vq=%22Negative+Visualization%22"},{"page_id":"PA302","page_number":"302","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e, 68 Cicero, 19 Clarke, M. L, 209 Claudius, 45–46 Cleanthes, 38, 41, 199, 283 clinging to things: Buddhist views regarding, 181; and \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e, 81–82, 252, 275; Stoic views regarding, 27, 82–83, 115\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA302\u0026vq=%22Negative+Visualization%22"},{"page_id":"PA303","page_number":"303","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e, 81, 83, 204, 275; experience of, and practice of Stoicism, 204–6; experience of, impaired by luxurious living, 175; and hedonic adaptation, 74; rejection of, 75, 77–78. See also enjoyment; joy Descartes, René\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA303\u0026vq=%22Negative+Visualization%22"},{"page_id":"PA304","page_number":"304","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e , 65 , 69 , 70 ; on one\u0026#39;s \u0026quot; other self , \u0026quot; 263 ; on pleasure in exercising self - control , 117 , 263 ; on praise , 167–68 ; on progress in the practice of Stoicism , 122–24 ; on projective visualization , 79 ; on\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA304\u0026vq=%22Negative+Visualization%22"},{"page_id":"PA305","page_number":"305","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e , 107–8 ; in old age , 196 ; and preservation of tranquility , 102 ; social , 137–38 ; with respect to the future , 104 , 105 , 253–54 ; with respect to the past , 104–5 , 196 , 229 , 253–54 ; with respect to the\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA305\u0026vq=%22Negative+Visualization%22"},{"page_id":"PA307","page_number":"307","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e, 69, 71; on people who are annoying, 55–56, 136–38; on pleasure, 115; on progress in the ... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e: and ability to experience delight, 81, 83, 204; also called “premeditation of \u003cb\u003enegative\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA307\u0026vq=%22Negative+Visualization%22"},{"page_id":"PA308","page_number":"308","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e , 190 , 196 ; preparation for , 270–71 , 274 ; and sexual desire , 193 ; social status in , 191 ; Stoicism well suited to , 195–96 , 272 , 278–79 opinions , 90 , 92 optimism : characterized , 73–74 ; ridiculed\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA308\u0026vq=%22Negative+Visualization%22"},{"page_id":"PA310","page_number":"310","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e , 65 , 68–69 , 70 ; on old age , 192–93 , 194 , 271 ; on pleasure , 48 , 113–16 , 118 , 263 ; on progress in the practice of Stoicism , 124 ; on the proper role of philosophy , 4 ; on the role of God ( Zeus ) in\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA310\u0026vq=%22Negative+Visualization%22"},{"page_id":"PA313","page_number":"313","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003enegative visualization\u003c/b\u003e ; self - denial Stone , Edward , 239 Strabo , 49 suicide : by Stoic philosophers , 199– 200 ; recommended by the elderly , 270 ; Stoic views regarding , 199 , 200-201 . See also death Tacitus , 49 , 183–84 tests\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=T9rQCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA313\u0026vq=%22Negative+Visualization%22"}],"search_query_escaped":"\u0026quot;Negative Visualization\u0026quot;"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>