Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

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( …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:17021318, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa054481, Clinical Trial, Phase III, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Philip J Rosenfeld, David M Brown, CollabAuthor(name='MARINA Study Group', investigators=[], affs=[]), Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Angiogenesis Inhibitors / administration & dosage, Angiogenesis Inhibitors / adverse effects, Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*, Antibodies, Monoclonal / administration & dosage, Antibodies, Monoclonal / adverse effects, Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use*, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Choroidal Neovascularization / drug therapy, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Injections, Macular Degeneration / drug therapy*, Macular Degeneration / pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Optic Disk / pathology, Ranibizumab, Visual Acuity / drug effects, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17021318/"><meta property="og:description" content="Intravitreal administration of ranibizumab for 2 years prevented vision loss and improved mean visual acuity, with low rates of serious adverse events, in patients with minimally classic or occult (with no classic lesions) choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. 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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sMUKP4arNgVNi6JiWCO646cqTLGjq312vC9BgmcVVgP5DNUF61zgXe4sXWXXizZh"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sMUKP4arNgVNi6JiWCO646cqTLGjq312vC9BgmcVVgP5DNUF61zgXe4sXWXXizZh"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sMUKP4arNgVNi6JiWCO646cqTLGjq312vC9BgmcVVgP5DNUF61zgXe4sXWXXizZh"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sMUKP4arNgVNi6JiWCO646cqTLGjq312vC9BgmcVVgP5DNUF61zgXe4sXWXXizZh"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="17021318"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa054481?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub 0www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=4487&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=17021318&db=pubmed&nlmid=0255562" title="See full text options at Atypon" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Atypon" data-ga-label="17021318" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.nejm.org-pb-assets-images-editorial-icons-nejm-free-full-text.gif" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Atypon </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/17021318/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/17021318/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="17021318" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F17021318%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="sMUKP4arNgVNi6JiWCO646cqTLGjq312vC9BgmcVVgP5DNUF61zgXe4sXWXXizZh"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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FL 33136, USA. prosenfeld@med.miami.edu" href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brown+DM&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David M Brown">David M Brown</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Heier+JS&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jeffrey S Heier">Jeffrey S Heier</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Boyer+DS&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David S Boyer">David S Boyer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kaiser+PK&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Peter K Kaiser">Peter K Kaiser</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Chung+CY&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Carol Y Chung">Carol Y Chung</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kim+RY&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Robert Y Kim">Robert Y Kim</a><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=MARINA+Study+Group%5BCorporate+Author%5D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="MARINA Study 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href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brown+DM&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David M Brown">David M Brown</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Heier+JS&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jeffrey S Heier">Jeffrey S Heier</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Boyer+DS&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David S Boyer">David S Boyer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kaiser+PK&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Peter K Kaiser">Peter K Kaiser</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Chung+CY&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Carol Y Chung">Carol Y Chung</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kim+RY&cauthor_id=17021318" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Robert Y Kim">Robert Y Kim</a><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=MARINA+Study+Group%5BCorporate+Author%5D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="MARINA Study Group">MARINA Study Group</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. prosenfeld@med.miami.edu</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">17021318</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1056/NEJMoa054481&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa054481" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1056/NEJMoa054481 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/17021318/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/17021318/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Background: </strong> Ranibizumab--a recombinant, humanized, monoclonal antibody Fab that neutralizes all active forms of vascular endothelial growth factor A--has been evaluated for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Methods: </strong> In this multicenter, 2-year, double-blind, sham-controlled study, we randomly assigned patients with age-related macular degeneration with either minimally classic or occult (with no classic lesions) choroidal neovascularization to receive 24 monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (either 0.3 mg or 0.5 mg) or sham injections. The primary end point was the proportion of patients losing fewer than 15 letters from baseline visual acuity at 12 months. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> We enrolled 716 patients in the study. At 12 months, 94.5% of the group given 0.3 mg of ranibizumab and 94.6% of those given 0.5 mg lost fewer than 15 letters, as compared with 62.2% of patients receiving sham injections (P<0.001 for both comparisons). Visual acuity improved by 15 or more letters in 24.8% of the 0.3-mg group and 33.8% of the 0.5-mg group, as compared with 5.0% of the sham-injection group (P<0.001 for both doses). Mean increases in visual acuity were 6.5 letters in the 0.3-mg group and 7.2 letters in the 0.5-mg group, as compared with a decrease of 10.4 letters in the sham-injection group (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The benefit in visual acuity was maintained at 24 months. During 24 months, presumed endophthalmitis was identified in five patients (1.0%) and serious uveitis in six patients (1.3%) given ranibizumab. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusions: </strong> Intravitreal administration of ranibizumab for 2 years prevented vision loss and improved mean visual acuity, with low rates of serious adverse events, in patients with minimally classic or occult (with no classic lesions) choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00056836" title="See in ClinicalTrials.gov">NCT00056836</a> [ClinicalTrials.gov].). </p> </div> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="linked-articles" id="linked-commentary"> <h2 class="title"> Comment in </h2> <ul class="item-list usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/17021315/" ref="article_id=17021315&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-commentary"> The price of sight--ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and the treatment of macular degeneration. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Steinbrook R.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Steinbrook R.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 5;355(14):1409-12. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp068185.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">N Engl J Med. 2006.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">17021315</span></span> <span class="no-abstract spaced-citation-item citation-part">No abstract available.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/17021326/" ref="article_id=17021326&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-commentary"> A very effective treatment for neovascular macular degeneration. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Stone EM.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Stone EM.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">N Engl J Med. 2006 Oct 5;355(14):1493-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe068191.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">N Engl J Med. 2006.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">17021326</span></span> <span class="no-abstract spaced-citation-item citation-part">No abstract available.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/17301310/" ref="article_id=17301310&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-commentary"> Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Liew G, Mitchell P.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Liew G, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 15;356(7):747-8; author reply 749-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc063011.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">N Engl J Med. 2007.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">17301310</span></span> <span class="no-abstract spaced-citation-item citation-part">No abstract available.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/17310523/" ref="article_id=17310523&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-commentary"> Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Gillies MC, Wong TY.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Gillies MC, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 15;356(7):748-9; author reply 749-50.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">N Engl J Med. 2007.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">17310523</span></span> <span class="no-abstract spaced-citation-item citation-part">No abstract available.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/17021319/" ref="article_id=17021319&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="17021319" data-ga-label=""> Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Brown DM, Kaiser PK, Michels M, Soubrane G, Heier JS, Kim RY, Sy JP, Schneider S; 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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration and dosage"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration and dosage"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Angiogenesis Inhibitors / adverse effects" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Angiogenesis Inhibitors / adverse effects </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Angiogenesis Inhibitors / adverse effects"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Angiogenesis+Inhibitors%2Fadverse+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Angiogenesis+Inhibitors%2Fadverse+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Angiogenesis Inhibitors / adverse effects"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Angiogenesis+Inhibitors" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Angiogenesis Inhibitors / adverse effects"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Angiogenesis+Inhibitors%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Angiogenesis+Inhibitors%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Angiogenesis+Inhibitors" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" 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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Antibodies, Monoclonal / adverse effects"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-7" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-7" class="keyword-actions-dropdown 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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%2C+Humanized%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%2C+Humanized%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%2C+Humanized" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Choroidal Neovascularization / drug therapy" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Choroidal Neovascularization / drug therapy </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Choroidal Neovascularization / drug therapy"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Choroidal+Neovascularization%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Choroidal+Neovascularization%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Choroidal Neovascularization / drug therapy"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Choroidal+Neovascularization" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Choroidal Neovascularization / drug therapy"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Double-Blind Method" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Double-Blind Method </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Double-Blind Method"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Double-Blind+Method%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Double-Blind+Method%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Double-Blind Method"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Double-Blind Method"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" 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class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Female"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Female"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Female"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button 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href="/?term=%22Injections%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Injections%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Injections"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Injections"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Injections" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Injections"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Injections"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Injections"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Macular Degeneration / drug therapy*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-14" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Macular Degeneration / drug therapy* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-14" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Macular Degeneration / drug therapy*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Macular+Degeneration%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Macular+Degeneration%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Macular Degeneration/drug therapy"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Macular Degeneration / drug therapy*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Macular+Degeneration" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Macular Degeneration / drug therapy*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Macular Degeneration/drug therapy"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Macular Degeneration/drug therapy"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Macular Degeneration / pathology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Macular Degeneration / pathology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Macular Degeneration / pathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Macular+Degeneration%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Macular+Degeneration%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Macular Degeneration/pathology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Macular Degeneration / pathology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Macular+Degeneration" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Macular Degeneration / pathology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Macular Degeneration/pathology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Macular Degeneration/pathology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Male </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Male"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Middle Aged </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Middle Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Middle+Aged" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" 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data-href="/?term=%22Optic+Disk%2Fpathology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Optic Disk/pathology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Optic Disk / pathology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Optic+Disk" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Optic Disk / pathology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Optic Disk/pathology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Optic Disk/pathology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Ranibizumab" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Ranibizumab </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Ranibizumab"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Ranibizumab%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Ranibizumab%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Ranibizumab"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Ranibizumab"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Ranibizumab" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Ranibizumab"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Ranibizumab"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Ranibizumab"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Visual Acuity / drug effects" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Visual Acuity / drug effects </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Visual Acuity / drug effects"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Visual+Acuity%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Visual+Acuity%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Visual Acuity/drug effects"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Visual Acuity / drug effects"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Visual+Acuity" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Visual Acuity / drug effects"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Visual Acuity/drug effects"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Visual Acuity/drug effects"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Angiogenesis Inhibitors" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Angiogenesis Inhibitors </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Angiogenesis Inhibitors"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Angiogenesis+Inhibitors%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Angiogenesis+Inhibitors%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Angiogenesis Inhibitors"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Angiogenesis Inhibitors"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Angiogenesis+Inhibitors%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Angiogenesis Inhibitors"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Angiogenesis Inhibitors"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Angiogenesis Inhibitors"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Monoclonal" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Antibodies, Monoclonal </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Monoclonal"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Antibodies, Monoclonal"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Antibodies, Monoclonal"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Antibodies, Monoclonal"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Antibodies, Monoclonal"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Antibodies, Monoclonal"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%2C+Humanized%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%2C+Humanized%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%2C+Humanized%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Ranibizumab" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Ranibizumab </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Ranibizumab"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Ranibizumab%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Ranibizumab%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Ranibizumab"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Ranibizumab"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Ranibizumab%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Ranibizumab"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Ranibizumab"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Ranibizumab"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="supplemental-data" class="supplemental-data"> <h2 class="title"> Associated data </h2> <ul class="supplemental-data-list"><li><div class="supplemental-data-actions dropdown-block"><button class="supplemental-data-actions-trigger trigger" title="Supplemental Data Dropdown Toggle" ref="linksrc=supplemental_data_actions_btn" tabindex="0" aria-controls="supplemental-data-ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT00056836" 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