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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Preemptive openings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preemptive_openings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preemptive_overcalls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preemptive_overcalls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Preemptive overcalls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preemptive_overcalls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_preempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_preempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other preempts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_preempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Responses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_law_of_total_tricks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_law_of_total_tricks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The law of total tricks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_law_of_total_tricks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a term used in contract bridge. For other uses of the word, see <a href="/wiki/Preemption_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Preemption (disambiguation)">Preemption (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Contract bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">Bidding system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridge_convention" title="Bridge convention">Bridge convention</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">Glossary of contract bridge terms</a></div> <p><b>Preempt</b> (also spelled "pre-empt") is a <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_glossary#B" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract bridge glossary">bid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">contract bridge</a> whose primary objectives are (1) to thwart opponents' ability to bid to their best contract, with some safety, and (2) to fully describe one's hand to one's partner in a single bid. A preemptive bid is usually made by <i>jumping</i>, i.e. skipping one or more bidding levels. Since it deprives the opponents of the bidding space, it is expected that they will either find a wrong contract (too high or in a wrong denomination) of their own, or fail to find any. A preemptive bid often has the aim of a <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(bridge)" title="Sacrifice (bridge)"><i>save</i></a>, where a partnership bids a <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge#Contract" title="Contract bridge">contract</a> knowing it cannot be made, but assumes that (even when doubled), the penalty will still be smaller than the value of opponents' bid and made contract. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scoring_context">Scoring context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preempt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Scoring context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bridge_scoring" title="Bridge scoring">Bridge scoring</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; margin-left:1.0em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Our Score If We Are Doubled and Defeated </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EFEFEF">When We are<br />Not Vulnerable</td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EFEFEF">When We are<br />Vulnerable </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EFEFEF">Undertricks</td> <td style="background:#EFEFEF">Score</td> <td style="background:#EFEFEF">Undertricks</td> <td style="background:#EFEFEF">Score </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>-100</td> <td>1</td> <td>-200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>-300</td> <td>2</td> <td>-500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>-500</td> <td>3</td> <td>-800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>-800</td> <td>4</td> <td>-1100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; margin-left:1.0em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Our Score If They Make Game </th></tr> <tr> <td>When They are<br />Not Vulnerable</td> <td>When They are<br />Vulnerable </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> -400 in NT or<br /> -420 in a suit</td> <td align="left"> -600 in NT or<br /> -620 in a suit </td></tr></tbody></table><p> The tables at right help to illustrate the limits of the scoring advantage to be gained in duplicate bridge by preempting or sacrificing when the opponents may be successful in making a game contract. The level to which one may preempt, bid competitively or ultimately sacrifice is heavily influenced by the vulnerability status of each side and the assumption that the defending side will double the contract. There are four possible scenarios: </p><ul><li>Neither side is Vulnerable (equal vulnerability): The opponents are likely to score 400 or 420 points at game and a sacrifice bid which is defeated by no more than two tricks will lose at most 300 points.</li> <li>We are Not Vulnerable and They are (favorable vulnerability): The opponents are likely to score 600 or 620 points at game and a sacrifice bid which is defeated by no more than three tricks will lose at most 500 points.</li> <li>We are Vulnerable and They are not (unfavorable vulnerability): The opponents are likely to score 400 or 420 points at game and a sacrifice bid which is defeated by no more than one trick will lose at most 200 points.</li> <li>Both sides are Vulnerable (equal vulnerability): The opponents are likely to score 600 or 620 points at game and a sacrifice bid which is defeated by no more than two tricks will lose at most 500 points.</li></ul> <p>In summary, based upon the expectation that the opponents are likely to bid and make game, it is advantageous to preempt, compete or sacrifice for down three when vulnerability is favorable, down two when equal and down one when unfavorable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preemptive_openings">Preemptive openings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preempt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preemptive openings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A preemptive opening bid is one made on the second or higher level, typically showing a weak hand containing a long, strong suit. Preemptive opening bids on the third or higher level are common for most <a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">bidding systems</a>; for example, the hand of <span class="nowrap"><span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span> 4 <span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> KQJ9854</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> J62 <span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> 95</span> is a typical 3<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> opener. The bid is made on presumption that, without any additional tricks from the partner, at least six tricks can be taken with hearts as trump, and the potential penalty of 500 points in 3<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> doubled is smaller than the value or opponents' likely <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms#game" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">game</a> or <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms#slam" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">slam</a>. </p><p>A preemptive opening bid usually shows at least six (6) high card points and a suit with six or more cards headed by honors (typically either K-Q or better or Q-J-10 or better) but less than a normal opening bid. Some textbooks recommend the "rule of 2 and 3":" <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obviously, preempting at unfavorable vulnerability entails greater risk; such preempts, if ever, are often made with an intention of making the contract, and the long suit is often backed up by an unusual distribution, such as 7-4-2-0. </p><p>An alternative approach is to bid the level suggested by the Law of Total Tricks, with the assumption that partner's hand has one third of the remaining trumps. Using this approach, </p> <ul><li>If playing "<a href="/wiki/Weak_two_bid" title="Weak two bid">weak two bids</a>" (now standard), bid at the "two" level with six cards of the suit (except in clubs),</li> <li>Bid at the "three" level with seven cards of the suit, and</li> <li>Bid at the "four" level with eight or nine cards of the suit.</li></ul> <p>Note that, in the "Weak Twos" convention, an <a href="/wiki/Strong_two_clubs" title="Strong two clubs">opening bid of two clubs</a> (2<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span>) is strong and artificial, typically showing at least 22 HCP, and thus is not available for preemption for hand with six clubs. Thus, some partnerships bid 3<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> with good preemptive hand (typically at least 8 HCP) that has only six clubs. Many partnerships that use an opening bid of 2<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> as a conventional bid will likewise bid 3<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> with a good preemptive hand that has only six diamonds. </p><p>Obviously, preempts in the fourth seat are very rare, as there is nobody to preempt: they do occur occasionally, though, e.g. when the player has a near-opening bid with a long suit, but is reluctant to open on level 1 for fear of being outbid by perceived opponents' major. For example, the hand <span class="nowrap"><span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span> 3 <span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> 94</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> KQJ963 <span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> AJ92</span> might reasonably open 3<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> in the fourth seat, hoping to silence the opponents' with their spades and/or hearts. </p><p>A preemptive bidder bids again only if his or her partner makes a conventional bid that requires a response. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gambling_3NT" title="Gambling 3NT">Gambling 3NT</a> opening bid is often used to preempt with a solid minor suit. </p><p>If <a href="/wiki/Namyats" title="Namyats">Namyats</a> is used, 4<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> and 4<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> are no longer available for preempts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preemptive_overcalls">Preemptive overcalls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preempt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preemptive overcalls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A preemptive overcall is a jump overcall (so 2<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> is preemptive over 1<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> but not over 1<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span>) that is otherwise identical to a preemptive opening bid. </p><p>The suit requirements for preemptive <a href="/wiki/Overcall" title="Overcall">overcalls</a> are generally similar to a preemptive opening. However, they are normally loosened in third seat, when the partner has already passed, so the opening bidder can be sure that the only side preempted are the opponents, and thus can bid with better or thinner values. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_preempts">Other preempts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preempt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other preempts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A partnership can preempt the opponents cooperatively, having discovered that they have an excellent <a href="/wiki/Suit_(cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (cards)">suit</a> fit but not much overall defensive strength. For example, after the partner opens 1<span style="color:red;">♦</span> and RHO doubles, the following hand is suitable for a bid of 5<span style="color:red;">♦</span>, outbidding opponents' <a href="/wiki/Major_suit" title="Major suit">major suit</a> game in advance: </p><p><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span> 83 <span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> 4</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> Q108542 <span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> QJ64</span> </p><p>In a more general sense, even low-level and non-jump bids can have a preemptive value if they deprive the opponents of bidding suits that they could otherwise bid on level 1 or 2. For example, weak 1 notrump (characteristic for <a href="/wiki/Acol" title="Acol">Acol</a> system) opening takes up entire level 1 from the opponents, who could bid their long suit on level 1 had the opening been 1 of a <a href="/wiki/Minor_suit" title="Minor suit">minor</a>, like in <a href="/wiki/Standard_American" title="Standard American">Standard American</a> bidding. However, there is always the danger that the preempting side could preempt themselves, taking up their own bidding space that could be used for constructive bidding. For example, four-card major openings have a more preemptive effect compared with five-card major openings, but also carry less precise information, as the partner should not support the opened suit without at least 4 cards; that could result in missing a partial contract or even a game. </p><p>Many partnerships also use Michaels Cue Bids preemptively. A <a href="/wiki/Michaels_cuebid" title="Michaels cuebid">Michaels Cue Bid</a> is a bid of two of a suit in which an opponent has bid one that promises two five-card suits including the unbid majors and, in most partnerships, at least seven or eight HCP. Thus, either 1<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span>-2<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> or 1<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span>-2<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> promises both five hearts and five spades, 1<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span>-2<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> promises five spades and either five clubs or five diamonds, and 1<span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span>-2<span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span> promises five hearts and either five clubs or five diamonds. Over a Michaels Cue Bid in either major suit, partner's response of 2NT asks the Michaels bidder to bid the minor suit. If the Michaels bidder has a strong hand, the Michaels bidder can show the strength by rebidding an agreed suit at a higher level. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preempt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the preempter has a weak hand, responder will pass most of the time. However, responder also has the following options: </p> <ul><li>Raise opener's suit: Usually done to further the preempt with 3-card support (or jump with even more support), making it even more difficult for the opponents to compete. However, a raise to game can also be made with a good hand without support for opener if responder expects to make the contract. Opener must pass after any raise by partner.</li> <li>2NT: Asking to further describe the hand (forcing). Opener bids a feature or rebids their suit with no further information</li> <li>3NT: To play. Responder expects to make 9 tricks either by running partner's suit or his own. If responder expects to run opener's suit, support is needed as opener may not have outside entries to his hand. Also, responder should have stoppers in all suits.</li> <li>Bid a new suit below game: To play.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Over a preemptive opening bid or overcall at the "two" level, many partnerships use the 2NT response to ask for more information about the preemptive hand. In the Standard American Yellow Card (SAYC) bidding system, the preemptive bidder responds by bidding another suit containing an ace or a king or, lacking such a suit, by rebidding the suit of the preempt at the "three" level. In either case, the responder can then place the final contract. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ogust_convention" title="Ogust convention">Ogust convention</a> provides a more informative set of responses to the 2NT inquiry. </p> <ul><li>3<span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> shows a "minimal" preempt (typically 6-7 HCP) and a "poor" suit.</li> <li>3<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> shows a "minimal" preempt and a "good" suit.</li> <li>3<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> shows a "strong" preempt (typically 8-10 HCP) and a "poor" suit.</li> <li>3<span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span> shows a "strong" preempt and a "good" suit.</li> <li>3NT shows that the preempt suit is "solid" (headed by AKQ).</li></ul> <p>The differentiation between "minimal" and "strong" preempts and between "poor" and "good" hands is a matter of partnership agreement, and typically depends upon the partnership's strictness in preemptive bidding. Partnerships that are very strict typically regard a suits with only two of the top three or three of the top four honors as "poor" while partnerships that preempt with poorer suits may regard such suits as "good." Hands that respond 3<span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> or 3NT typically do not have outside entries, as their long suits contain nearly all of their high card points. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_law_of_total_tricks">The law of total tricks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preempt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The law of total tricks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many players use the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_total_tricks" title="Law of total tricks">law of total tricks</a> (often referred to as the "LAW") as a rule of thumb for preemptive and sacrificial bidding. Bids dictated by the LAW are often sacrificial, but nonetheless produce consistently better results with proper play.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LAW states: </p> <blockquote> <p><b>"In a competitive auction, it is safe to bid a number of total tricks equal to the number of trumps in the combined hands of both partners."</b> </p> </blockquote> <p>When viewed in context of the Law of Total Tricks, normal preemptive opening bids, described above, basically assume that the preemptive bidder's partner possesses two of the five to seven outstanding cards of the long suit—mathematically, the "expected" number based on equiprobable distribution of the missing cards. Thus, the Law of Total Tricks implies that the preemptive opener's partner can safely raise the preemptive opening bid by the number of cards in excess of two in the named suit (for example, raise an opening bid of 3<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span>, which promises seven hearts, to 4<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> with three hearts (7+3=10 total tricks) or to 5<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> with four hearts (7+4=11 total tricks)), <i>regardless of the responder's high card points</i>. </p><p>The limit raises and preemptive raises of major suits in the Standard American Yellow Card bidding system also conform to the Law of Total Tricks. By opening a major suit normally, the opening bidder promises at least five cards of the major suit. A "limit" raise, which is a response of three of the opener's suit, requires ten to twelve high card points and four cards in the responder's suit, for a total of nine. Likewise, a preemptive raise, which is a bid of four of the opener's suit, requires five cards in that suit, for a total of ten. The Law of Total tricks allows the opening bidder to raise such responses by the number of cards in excess of five in that suit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preempt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weak_two_bid" title="Weak two bid">Weak two bid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preempt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Merriam Webster Dictionary, "Rule of Two and Three",<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rule%20of%20two%20and%20three">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bridge7: Section 3.4.1.2 - <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bridge7.com/xbric3.aspx">"Responding to Two Diamonds, Two Hearts and Two Spade Openings"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Responding+to+Two+Diamonds%2C+Two+Hearts+and+Two+Spade+Openings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bridge7.com%2Fxbric3.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreempt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergen1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marty_Bergen_(bridge)" title="Marty Bergen (bridge)">Bergen, Marty</a> (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pointsschmoints00mart"><i>Points Schmoints! Bergen's Winning Bridge Secrets</i></a></span>. Stamford, CT: Magnus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9637533-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9637533-2-0"><bdi>0-9637533-2-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Points+Schmoints%21+Bergen%27s+Winning+Bridge+Secrets&rft.place=Stamford%2C+CT&rft.pub=Magnus+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-9637533-2-0&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=Marty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpointsschmoints00mart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreempt" class="Z3988"></span>, 210 pp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Cohen_(bridge)" title="Larry Cohen (bridge)">Cohen, Larry</a> (1992). <i>To Bid or Not to Bid: The LAW of Total Tricks</i> (9th printing, 1997, revised and expanded ed.). Boca Raton, FL: Natco Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9634715-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9634715-0-3"><bdi>0-9634715-0-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/92-80759">92-80759</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Bid+or+Not+to+Bid%3A+The+LAW+of+Total+Tricks&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.edition=9th+printing%2C+1997%2C+revised+and+expanded&rft.pub=Natco+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F92-80759&rft.isbn=0-9634715-0-3&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreempt" class="Z3988"></span>, 286 pp.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preempt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersenZenkel1993" class="citation book cs1">Andersen, Ron; Zenkel, Sabine (1993). <i>Preempts from A-Z</i>. Stamford, Conn.: Magnus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9637533-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9637533-0-4"><bdi>978-0-9637533-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preempts+from+A-Z&rft.place=Stamford%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Magnus+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-9637533-0-4&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.au=Zenkel%2C+Sabine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreempt" class="Z3988"></span> 290 pages. Second Edition 1996, Magnus Books.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEwen1975" class="citation book cs1">Ewen, Robert (1975). <i>Pre-emptive Bidding</i>. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-695296-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-695296-8"><bdi>0-13-695296-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pre-emptive+Bidding&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-13-695296-8&rft.aulast=Ewen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreempt" class="Z3988"></span> 162 pages. Also: (1976) London: Robert Hale Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7091-5601-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7091-5601-4">0-7091-5601-4</a>. 162 pages.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldheim1971" class="citation book cs1">Feldheim, Harold (1971). <i>The Weak Two Bid in Bridge</i>. Port Chester, NY: Barclay Bridge Supplies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Weak+Two+Bid+in+Bridge&rft.place=Port+Chester%2C+NY&rft.pub=Barclay+Bridge+Supplies&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Feldheim&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreempt" class="Z3988"></span> Revised 1973, further revised 1991.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarstonHughes1992" class="citation book cs1">Marston, Paul; Hughes, Nick (1992). <i>Opening Two Bids</i>. Sydney, Australia: Grand Slam Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875282-01-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-875282-01-7"><bdi>1-875282-01-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opening+Two+Bids&rft.place=Sydney%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Grand+Slam+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=1-875282-01-7&rft.aulast=Marston&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreempt" class="Z3988"></span> 59 pages.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMould1997" class="citation book cs1">Mould, Alan (1997). <i>Step by Step Pre-empts</i>. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-8163-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7134-8163-3"><bdi>0-7134-8163-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Step+by+Step+Pre-empts&rft.place=London&rft.pub=B.T.+Batsford+Ltd&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7134-8163-3&rft.aulast=Mould&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreempt" class="Z3988"></span> 143 pages.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiAndersen1992" class="citation book cs1">Wei, C.C.; Andersen, Ron (1992). <i>Profits from Preempts</i>. Louisville, KY: Devyn Press Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-910791-37-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-910791-37-6"><bdi>0-910791-37-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Profits+from+Preempts&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pub=Devyn+Press+Inc.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-910791-37-6&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=C.C.&rft.au=Andersen%2C+Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreempt" class="Z3988"></span> 162 pages.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Index_of_contract_bridge_articles" title="Template:Index of contract bridge articles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Index_of_contract_bridge_articles" title="Template talk:Index of contract bridge articles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Index_of_contract_bridge_articles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Index of contract bridge articles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Contract_bridge" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Contract bridge</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction_bridge" title="Auction bridge">Auction bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_ethics" title="Bridge ethics">Bridge ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge-O-Rama" title="Bridge-O-Rama">Bridge-O-Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_maxims" title="Bridge maxims">Bridge maxims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Murder_case" title="Bridge Murder case">Bridge Murder case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_scoring" title="Bridge scoring">Bridge scoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_whist" title="Bridge whist">Bridge whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgette_(game)" title="Bridgette (game)">Bridgette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_bridge" title="Cheating in bridge">Cheating in bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(bridge_card_game)" title="Chicago (bridge card game)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_bridge" title="Computer bridge">Computer bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Contract bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_diagram" title="Contract bridge diagram">Contract bridge diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_bridge" title="Duplicate bridge">Duplicate bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_bridge_movements" title="Duplicate bridge movements">Duplicate bridge movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-suit_bridge" title="Five-suit bridge">Five-suit bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_(bridge)" title="Goulash (bridge)">Goulash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">Glossary of contract bridge terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_card_by_suit" title="High card by suit">High card by suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_contract_bridge" title="History of contract bridge">History of contract bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Duplicate_Bridge" title="Laws of Duplicate Bridge">Laws of Duplicate Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masterpoints" title="Masterpoints">Masterpoints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibridge" title="Minibridge">Minibridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuberg_formula" title="Neuberg formula">Neuberg formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_bridge" title="Rubber bridge">Rubber bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_(bridge)" title="Screen (bridge)">Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_bridge" title="Singaporean bridge">Singaporean bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_(cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (cards)">Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling_scoreslip" title="Traveling scoreslip">Traveling scoreslip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_(card_games)" title="Trump (card games)">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vugraph" title="Vugraph">Vugraph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bidding" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bidding</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_hand" title="Balanced hand">Balanced hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balancing_(bridge)" title="Balancing (bridge)">Balancing (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_box" title="Bidding box">Bidding box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">Bidding system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_(bridge)" title="Board (bridge)">Board (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_convention" title="Bridge convention">Bridge convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_sticker" title="Brown sticker">Brown sticker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_card" title="Convention card">Convention card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_bid" title="Cue bid">Cue bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-card_majors" title="Five-card majors">Five-card majors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_bid" title="Forcing bid">Forcing bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_pass" title="Forcing pass">Forcing pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_try" title="Game try">Game try</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_evaluation" title="Hand evaluation">Hand evaluation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_point_count" title="Honor point count">Honor point count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_minors" title="Inverted minors">Inverted minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_total_tricks" title="Law of total tricks">Law of total tricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing-Trick_Count" title="Losing-Trick Count">Losing-Trick Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_suit" title="Major suit">Major suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_suit" title="Minor suit">Minor suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimum_contract_and_par_contract" title="Optimum contract and par contract">Optimum contract and par contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overcall" title="Overcall">Overcall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Preempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_opening_bid" title="Prepared opening bid">Prepared opening bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_fast_arrival" title="Principle of fast arrival">Principle of fast arrival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_bid" title="Psychic bid">Psychic bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_notrump_bids" title="Quantitative notrump bids">Quantitative notrump bids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_(bridge)" title="Reverse (bridge)">Reverse (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(bridge)" title="Sacrifice (bridge)">Sacrifice (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_(bridge)" title="Shooting (bridge)">Shooting (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_suiter" title="Single suiter">Single suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_bid" title="Stolen bid">Stolen bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_pass" title="Strong pass">Strong pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeout_double" title="Takeout double">Takeout double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_suiter" title="Three suiter">Three suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_suiter" title="Two suiter">Two suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Useful_space_principle" title="Useful space principle">Useful space principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Void_(cards)" title="Void (cards)">Void (cards)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weak_two_bid" title="Weak two bid">Weak two bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zar_Points" title="Zar Points">Zar Points</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bidding_systems" title="List of bidding systems">List of bidding systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2/1_game_forcing" title="2/1 game forcing">2/1 game forcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acol" title="Acol">Acol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">Bidding system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Club" title="Blue Club">Blue Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boring_Club" title="Boring Club">Boring Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Basic" title="Bridge Base Basic">Bridge Base Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_World_Standard" title="Bridge World Standard">Bridge World Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canap%C3%A9_(bridge)" title="Canapé (bridge)">Canapé (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_Club" title="Carrot Club">Carrot Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EHAA" title="EHAA">EHAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantunes" title="Fantunes">Fantunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highly_unusual_method" title="Highly unusual method">Highly unusual method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaplan%E2%80%93Sheinwold" title="Kaplan–Sheinwold">Kaplan–Sheinwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Major" title="Little Major">Little Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscito" title="Moscito">Moscito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Club" title="Polish Club">Polish Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Club" title="Precision Club">Precision Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Club" title="Roman Club">Roman Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romex_system" title="Romex system">Romex system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4ffle_Spade" title="Säffle Spade">Säffle Spade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_American" title="Standard American">Standard American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_club_system" title="Strong club system">Strong club system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridge_conventions" title="Category:Bridge conventions">List of bidding conventions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Card_play" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Card play</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_play_techniques_(bridge)" title="List of play techniques (bridge)">List of play techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoidance_play" title="Avoidance play">Avoidance play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_card" title="Beer card">Beer card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddy_(bridge)" title="Caddy (bridge)">Caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_reading_(bridge)" title="Card reading (bridge)">Card reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_(bridge)" title="Duck (bridge)">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endplay" title="Endplay">Endplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry_(cards)" title="Entry (cards)">Entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_gambit" title="Grosvenor gambit">Grosvenor gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold_up_(bridge)" title="Hold up (bridge)">Hold up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percentage_play" title="Percentage play">Percentage play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(bridge)" title="Pin (bridge)">Pin (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_restricted_choice" title="Principle of restricted choice">Principle of restricted choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_probabilities" title="Contract bridge probabilities">Probabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoke" title="Revoke">Revoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruff_(cards)" title="Ruff (cards)">Ruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_(bridge)" title="Shooting (bridge)">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smother_play" title="Smother play">Smother play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(bridge)" title="Tempo (bridge)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_promotion" title="Trump promotion">Trump promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppercut_(bridge)" title="Uppercut (bridge)">Uppercut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacant_Places" title="Vacant Places">Vacant Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarer play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Basic:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finesse" title="Finesse">Finesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_play" title="Safety play">Safety play</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Coups:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_coup" title="Alcatraz coup">Alcatraz coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_coup" title="Bath coup">Bath coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belladonna_coup" title="Belladonna coup">Belladonna coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_(bridge)" title="Coup (bridge)">Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_en_passant" title="Coup en passant">Coup en passant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_coup" title="Crocodile coup">Crocodile coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deschapelles_coup" title="Deschapelles coup">Deschapelles coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_coup" title="Devil's coup">Devil's coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loser_on_loser" title="Loser on loser">Loser on loser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimac_coup" title="Merrimac coup">Merrimac coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton%27s_fork_coup" title="Morton's fork coup">Morton's fork coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissors_coup" title="Scissors coup">Scissors coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_coup" title="Trump coup">Trump coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_coup" title="Vienna coup">Vienna coup</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Squeezes:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backwash_squeeze" title="Backwash squeeze">Backwash squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_squeeze" title="Cannibal squeeze">Cannibal squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_squeeze" title="Clash squeeze">Clash squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_squeeze" title="Compound squeeze">Compound squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criss-cross_squeeze" title="Criss-cross squeeze">Criss-cross squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_squeeze" title="Double squeeze">Double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry_squeeze" title="Entry squeeze">Entry squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry-shifting_squeeze" title="Entry-shifting squeeze">Entry-shifting squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_squeeze" title="Guard squeeze">Guard squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockout_squeeze" title="Knockout squeeze">Knockout squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-simultaneous_double_squeeze" title="Non-simultaneous double squeeze">Non-simultaneous double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_squeeze" title="Progressive squeeze">Progressive squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-squeeze" title="Pseudo-squeeze">Pseudo-squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturated_squeeze" title="Saturated squeeze">Saturated squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_squeeze" title="Simple squeeze">Simple squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_double_squeeze" title="Simultaneous double squeeze">Simultaneous double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-suit_squeeze" title="Single-suit squeeze">Single-suit squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(bridge)" title="Squeeze play (bridge)">Squeeze play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepping-stone_squeeze" title="Stepping-stone squeeze">Stepping-stone squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_squeeze" title="Strip squeeze">Strip squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_squeeze" title="Triple squeeze">Triple squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_squeeze" title="Trump squeeze">Trump squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_squeeze" title="Vice squeeze">Vice squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkle_squeeze" title="Winkle squeeze">Winkle squeeze</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Suit combinations:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_combination" title="Suit combination">Suit combination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defender play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_defense" title="Forcing defense">Forcing defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalist_leads" title="Journalist leads">Journalist leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_lead" title="Opening lead">Opening lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_10-12" title="Rule of 10-12">Rule of 10-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_11" title="Rule of 11">Rule of 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusinow_leads" title="Rusinow leads">Rusinow leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(bridge)" title="Signal (bridge)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_signal" title="Smith signal">Smith signal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_and_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and organizations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACBL_Youngest_Life_Master" title="ACBL Youngest Life Master">ACBL Youngest Life Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_people" title="List of contract bridge people">List of contract bridge people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sportspeople_who_competed_for_more_than_one_country#Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sportspeople who competed for more than one country">List of nationality transfers in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Headquarters" title="Bridge Headquarters">Bridge Headquarters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Players by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Australian contract bridge players">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Austrian contract bridge players">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brazilian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Brazilian contract bridge players">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:British contract bridge players">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bulgarian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Bulgarian contract bridge players">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Canadian contract bridge players">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Chinese contract bridge players">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Danish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Danish contract bridge players">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Dutch contract bridge players">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Egyptian contract bridge players">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:English contract bridge players">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Fictional contract bridge players">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:French contract bridge players">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:German contract bridge players">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Hungarian contract bridge players">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Indian contract bridge players">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Irish contract bridge players">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israeli_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Israeli contract bridge players">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Italian contract bridge players">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mexican_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Mexican contract bridge players">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monegasque_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Monegasque contract bridge players">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:New Zealand contract bridge players">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Norwegian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Norwegian contract bridge players">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistani_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Pakistani contract bridge players">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Polish contract bridge players">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Russian contract bridge players">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swedish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Swedish contract bridge players">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Swiss contract bridge players">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taiwanese_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Taiwanese contract bridge players">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:American contract bridge players">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_people#People_with_Wikipedia_articles" title="List of contract bridge people">List of bridge people with Wikipedia (English) articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contract_bridge_administrators" title="Category:Contract bridge administrators">List of bridge administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contract_bridge_writers" title="Category:Contract bridge writers">List of bridge writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Team_(bridge)" title="Blue Team (bridge)">Blue Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Aces" title="Dallas Aces">Dallas Aces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Aces_(bridge)" title="Four Aces (bridge)">Four Aces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Online" title="Bridge Base Online">Bridge Base Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Club" title="Cavendish Club">Cavendish Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockford%27s_(club)" title="Crockford's (club)">Crockford's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatasaray_Bridge_Team" title="Galatasaray Bridge Team">Galatasaray Bridge Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Bridge_Club" title="Melville Bridge Club">Melville Bridge Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Club_(London)" title="Portland Club (London)">Portland Club (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Club" title="Savoy Club">Savoy Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Bridge_Association" title="American Bridge Association">American Bridge Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Bridge_Federation" title="Austrian Bridge Federation">Austrian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Bridge_Federation" title="Brazilian Bridge Federation">Brazilian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Federation_of_India" title="Bridge Federation of India">Bridge Federation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bridge_League" title="British Bridge League">British Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bridge_Federation" title="Canadian Bridge Federation">Canadian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bridge_Federation" title="Dutch Bridge Federation">Dutch Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Bridge_Union" title="English Bridge Union">English Bridge Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bridge_League" title="European Bridge League">European Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Bridge_Federation" title="Hungarian Bridge Federation">Hungarian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mind_Sports_Association" title="International Mind Sports Association">International Mind Sports Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_governing_bodies" title="List of contract bridge governing bodies">List of contract bridge governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Bridge_Federation" title="Norwegian Bridge Federation">Norwegian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Bridge_Federation" title="South African Bridge Federation">South African Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bridge_Federation" title="United States Bridge Federation">United States Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Federation" title="World Bridge Federation">World Bridge Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Championships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Championships</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge_competitions_and_awards" title="List of bridge competitions and awards">List of bridge competitions and awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Bowl" title="Bermuda Bowl">Bermuda Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_at_the_2008_World_Mind_Sports_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games">Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_at_the_2012_World_Mind_Sports_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games">Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Invitational" title="Cavendish Invitational">Cavendish Invitational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Olympiad#Bridge" title="Computer Olympiad">Computer Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnell_Cup" title="McConnell Cup">McConnell Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenblum_Cup" title="Rosenblum Cup">Rosenblum Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Bowl_(bridge)" title="Senior Bowl (bridge)">Senior Bowl (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_crown_of_bridge" title="Triple crown of bridge">Triple crown of bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Cup" title="Venice Cup">Venice Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBF_Youth_Award" title="WBF Youth Award">WBF Youth Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Championships" title="World Bridge Championships">World Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_IMP_Pairs_Championship" title="World IMP Pairs Championship">World IMP Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Pairs_Championship" title="World Junior Pairs Championship">World Junior Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Teams_Championship" title="World Junior Teams Championship">World Junior Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mind_Sports_Games" title="World Mind Sports Games">World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Pairs_Championship" title="World Mixed Pairs Championship">World Mixed Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Teams_Championship" title="World Mixed Teams Championship">World Mixed Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Open_Pairs_Championship" title="World Open Pairs Championship">World Open Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Pairs_Championship" title="World Senior Pairs Championship">World Senior Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Teams_Championship" title="World Senior Teams Championship">World Senior Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Olympiad" title="World Team Olympiad">World Team Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Transnational_Open_Teams_Championship" title="World Transnational Open Teams Championship">World Transnational Open Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Women_Pairs_Championship" title="World Women Pairs Championship">World Women Pairs Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National and Zonal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffett_Cup" title="Buffett Cup">Buffett Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camrose_Trophy" title="Camrose Trophy">Camrose Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Nations_Bridge_Championships" title="Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships">Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Universities_Bridge_Championships" title="European Universities Bridge Championships">European Universities Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Cup_(bridge)" title="Gold Cup (bridge)">Gold Cup (bridge)</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">North American bridge Championships:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACBL_King_or_Queen_of_Bridge" title="ACBL King or Queen of Bridge">ACBL King or Queen of Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Kaplan_Blue_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs">Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_LM%E2%80%935000_Pairs" title="Bruce LM–5000 Pairs">Bruce LM–5000 Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mixed_Board-a-Match" title="Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match">Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_National_Open_Pairs" title="Fall National Open Pairs">Fall National Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Open_Pairs" title="Fast Open Pairs">Fast Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishbein_Trophy" title="Fishbein Trophy">Fishbein Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goren_Trophy" title="Goren Trophy">Goren Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Teams" title="Grand National Teams">Grand National Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilliard_Mixed_Pairs" title="Hilliard Mixed Pairs">Hilliard Mixed Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacoby_Open_Swiss_Teams" title="Jacoby Open Swiss Teams">Jacoby Open Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keohane_North_American_Swiss_Teams" title="Keohane North American Swiss Teams">Keohane North American Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebhar_IMP_Pairs" title="Lebhar IMP Pairs">Lebhar IMP Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leventritt_Silver_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs">Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machlin_Women%27s_Swiss_Teams" title="Machlin Women's Swiss Teams">Machlin Women's Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfield_Non-Life_Master_Pairs" title="Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs">Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Cup" title="Marcus Cup">Marcus Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Individual" title="Master Individual">Master Individual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Blue_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs">Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Spingold" title="Mini-Spingold">Mini-Spingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Board-a-Match_Teams" title="Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams">Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mott-Smith_Trophy" title="Mott-Smith Trophy">Mott-Smith Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_Life_Master_Open_Pairs" title="Nail Life Master Open Pairs">Nail Life Master Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_199er_Pairs" title="National 199er Pairs">National 199er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_49er_Pairs" title="National 49er Pairs">National 49er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_99er_Pairs" title="National 99er Pairs">National 99er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Life_Master_Swiss_Teams" title="Non-Life Master Swiss Teams">Non-Life Master Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kay_Platinum_Pairs" title="Norman Kay Platinum Pairs">Norman Kay Platinum Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Bridge_Championships" title="North American Bridge Championships">North American Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Pairs" title="North American Pairs">North American Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Red Ribbon Pairs">Red Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reisinger" title="Reisinger">Reisinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Mixed_Pairs" title="Rockwell Mixed Pairs">Rockwell Mixed Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth_Open_Swiss_Teams" title="Roth Open Swiss Teams">Roth Open Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Knockout_Teams" title="Senior Knockout Teams">Senior Knockout Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silodor_Open_Pairs" title="Silodor Open Pairs">Silodor Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Life_Master_Women%27s_Pairs" title="Smith Life Master Women's Pairs">Smith Life Master Women's Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingold" title="Spingold">Spingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternberg_Women%27s_Board-a-Match_Teams" title="Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams">Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truscott_Senior_Swiss_Teams" title="Truscott Senior Swiss Teams">Truscott Senior Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bridge_Championships_-_Open" title="United States Bridge Championships - Open">United States Bridge Championships - Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Trophy" title="Vanderbilt Trophy">Vanderbilt Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Zedtwitz_Life_Master_Pairs" title="Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs">Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagar_Women%27s_Knockout_Teams" title="Wagar Women's Knockout Teams">Wagar Women's Knockout Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernher_Open_Pairs" title="Wernher Open Pairs">Wernher Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_Women%27s_Pairs" title="Whitehead Women's Pairs">Whitehead Women's Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_LM%E2%80%931500_Pairs" title="Young LM–1500 Pairs">Young LM–1500 Pairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Publications_and_resources" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Publications and resources</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_books" title="List of contract bridge books">List of contract bridge books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Point_Press" title="Master Point Press">Master Point Press</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Bibliographies:</span></span></b> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Kantar_bibliography" title="Edwin Kantar bibliography">Edwin Kantar bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Kelsey#Publications" title="Hugh Kelsey">Hugh Kelsey bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Reese_bibliography" title="Terence Reese bibliography">Terence Reese bibliography</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Books:</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/25_Bridge_Conventions_You_Should_Know" title="25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know">25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Squeezes_Complete" title="Bridge Squeezes Complete">Bridge Squeezes Complete</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cardturner" title="The Cardturner">The Cardturner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contract_Bridge_for_Beginners" title="Contract Bridge for Beginners">Contract Bridge for Beginners</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Design_for_Bidding" title="Design for Bidding">Design for Bidding</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planning_the_Play_of_a_Bridge_Hand" title="Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand">Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_Through_the_Pack" title="Right Through the Pack">Right Through the Pack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tickets_to_the_Devil" title="Tickets to the Devil">Tickets to the Devil</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_magazines" title="List of contract bridge magazines">List of contract bridge magazines</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Magazines:</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_d%27Italia" title="Bridge d'Italia">Bridge d'Italia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Magazine" title="Bridge Magazine">Bridge Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_World" title="The Bridge World">The Bridge World</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV and Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(BBC_TV)" title="Grand Slam (BBC TV)">Grand Slam (BBC TV)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External links</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Basic" title="Bridge Base Basic">Bridge Base Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preempt&oldid=1128344905">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preempt&oldid=1128344905</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contract_bridge_bidding" title="Category:Contract bridge bidding">Contract bridge 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