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Nova - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; 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however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nova" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nova" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nova" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nova</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1" title="مستعر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستعر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="নবতারা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নবতারা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая зорка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Новая зорка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Нова (астрономия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нова (астрономия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(zvijezda)" title="Nova (zvijezda) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nova (zvijezda)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Çĕнĕ çăлтăр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕнĕ çăлтăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(Stern)" title="Nova (Stern) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nova (Stern)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noova" title="Noova – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Noova" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Καινοφανής αστέρας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καινοφανής αστέρας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novao" title="Novao – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Novao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noba" title="Noba – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Noba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="نواختر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نواختر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3va" title="Nóva – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nóva" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Nova (astronomía) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nova (astronomía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1_(%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4)" title="신성 (천체) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신성 (천체)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="नोवा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नोवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="נובה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyota_nova" title="Nyota nova – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nyota nova" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(St%C3%A4r)" title="Nova (Stär) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nova (Stär)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(astronomija)" title="Nova (astronomija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nova (astronomija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3va" title="Nóva – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nóva" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нова – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нова" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5" title="നോവ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നോവ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ნოვა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნოვა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC" title="နိုဗာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုဗာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(sterrenkunde)" title="Nova (sterrenkunde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nova (sterrenkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="新星 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="新星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(stjerne)" title="Nova (stjerne) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nova (stjerne)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2va" title="Nòva – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nòva" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangi_yulduzlar" title="Yangi yulduzlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yangi yulduzlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="نووا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نووا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_klasyczna" title="Nowa klasyczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowa klasyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C4%83" title="Novă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Novă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Новая звезда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новая звезда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(astron%C3%B3mia)" title="Nova (astronómia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nova (astronómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нова – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нова" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="குறுமீன் வெடிப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குறுமீன் வெடிப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="นวดารา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นวดารา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova" title="Nova – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nova" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Нова зоря – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нова зоря" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2n_tinh" title="Tân tinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tân tinh" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernova</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Making_a_Nova.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Making_a_Nova.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="169" /></a><figcaption>Artist's conception of a white dwarf pulling hydrogen from a larger companion</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>nova</b> (plural <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nova" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:nova">novae</a></i> or <i>novas</i>) is a huge <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_explosion" title="Nuclear explosion">nuclear explosion</a> on a <a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">white dwarf</a> star. It causes a sudden brightening of the star. </p><p>Novae are not to be confused with other brightening phenomena such as <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovae</a>. Novae occur on the surface of a white dwarf in a <a href="/wiki/Binary_star" title="Binary star">binary system</a>. If the two stars of the system are close enough, material is pulled from the companion star's surface onto the white dwarf. This collection of hydrogen onto the surface of the star starts a runaway <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">fusion</a> reaction.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spite of their violence, the amount of material ejected in novae is usually only about 1⁄10,000 of a <a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass">solar mass</a>, quite small relative to the mass of the white dwarf. Only five percent of the accreted mass is fused during the power outburst. This is enough energy to make nova ejecta to go outward as fast as several thousand kilometers per second—higher for some novae than others. The star also brightens, from a few times solar to 50,000–100,000 times solar. In 2010 scientists using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope were surprised to discover, for the first time, that a nova can also emit gamma-rays (>100 MeV).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A white dwarf can potentially generate multiple novae over time as additional hydrogen continues to accrete onto its surface from its companion star. An example is RS Ophiuchi, which is known to have flared six times (in 1898, 1933, 1958, 1967, 1985, and 2006). Eventually, the white dwarf could explode as a type Ia supernova if it approaches the <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit" title="Chandrasekhar limit">Chandrasekhar limit</a>. </p><p>Occasionally a nova is bright enough and close enough to be seen by the unaided eye. The brightest recent example was Nova Cygni 1975. This nova appeared on 29 August 1975, in the constellation <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(constellation)" title="Cygnus (constellation)">Cygnus</a> about five degrees north of <a href="/wiki/Deneb" title="Deneb">Deneb</a> and reached magnitude 2.0 (nearly as bright as Deneb). The most recent were V1280 Scorpii, which reached magnitude 3.7 on 17 February 2007, and Nova Delphini 2013. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Centauri_2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nova Centauri 2013 (not yet started)">Nova Centauri 2013</a> was discovered 2 December 2013 and is so far the brightest nova of this millennium reaching magnitude 3.3. </p><p>Astronomers estimate that the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> experiences roughly 30 to 60 novae per year, with a likely rate of about 40.<sup id="cite_ref-encyc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of novae discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> each year is much lower, about 10.<sup id="cite_ref-nova_list_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nova_list-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roughly 25 novae brighter than about magnitude 20 are discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a> each year and smaller numbers are seen in other nearby galaxies.<sup id="cite_ref-M31-Nova_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M31-Nova-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Darnley M.J. <i>et al</i> 2012. On the progenitors of galactic novae. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i> <b>746</b> (61). <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/746/1/61/article">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">JPL/NASA 2010. Fermi detects 'shocking' surprise from supernova's little cousin. <i>PhysOrg.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://phys.org/news200849593.html">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-encyc_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Prialnik, Dina 2001. Novae. In Paul Murdin (ed) <i>Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. Institute of Physics Publishing/Nature Publishing Group. pp. 1846–1856. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-268-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-268-4">1-56159-268-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nova_list-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nova_list_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbat.eps.harvard.edu/nova_list.html">"CBAT List of Novae in the Milky Way"</a>. IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBAT+List+of+Novae+in+the+Milky+Way&rft.pub=IAU+Central+Bureau+for+Astronomical+Telegrams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbat.eps.harvard.edu%2Fnova_list.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M31-Nova-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-M31-Nova_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbat.eps.harvard.edu/CBAT_M31.html">"M31 (Apparent) Novae Page"</a>. IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M31+%28Apparent%29+Novae+Page&rft.pub=IAU+Central+Bureau+for+Astronomical+Telegrams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbat.eps.harvard.edu%2FCBAT_M31.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ANova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Supernovae" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/w/index.php?title=Type_Ib_and_Ic_supernovae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Type Ib and Ic supernovae (not yet started)">Type Ib and Ic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_II_supernova" class="mw-redirect" title="Type II supernova">Type II (IIP, IIL, IIn, and IIb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superluminous_supernova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superluminous supernova (not yet started)">Superluminous</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pair-instability_supernova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pair-instability supernova (not yet started)">Pair-instability</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium-rich_supernovae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calcium-rich supernovae (not yet started)">Calcium-rich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_envelope_jets_supernova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common envelope jets supernova (not yet started)">Common envelope jets supernova</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg/180px-G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg/270px-G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg/360px-G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="946" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_detonation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon detonation (not yet started)">Carbon detonation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foe_(unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foe (unit) (not yet started)">Foe/Bethe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-Earth_supernova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-Earth supernova (not yet started)">Near-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phillips_relationship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phillips relationship (not yet started)">Phillips relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_nucleosynthesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova nucleosynthesis (not yet started)">Nucleosynthesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P-process&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P-process (not yet started)">p-process</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R-process&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-process (not yet started)">r-process</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma_process_(astrophysics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamma process (astrophysics) (not yet started)">γ-process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_neutrinos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova neutrinos (not yet started)">Neutrinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Failed_supernova" title="Failed supernova">Failed</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_blue_optical_transient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fast blue optical transient (not yet started)">Fast blue optical transient</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_radio_burst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fast radio burst (not yet started)">Fast radio burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_wave" title="Gravitational wave">Gravitational wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilonova" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilonova">Kilonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_red_nova" title="Luminous red nova">Luminous red nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulsar_kick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulsar kick (not yet started)">Pulsar kick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark-nova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quark-nova (not yet started)">Quark-nova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_gamma_repeater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soft gamma repeater (not yet started)">Soft gamma repeater</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_impostor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova impostor (not yet started)">Imposter</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulsational_pair-instability_supernova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulsational pair-instability supernova (not yet started)">pulsational pair-instability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symbiotic_nova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symbiotic nova (not yet started)">Symbiotic nova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Progenitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypergiant" title="Hypergiant">Hypergiant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_hypergiant" title="Yellow hypergiant">yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_hypergiant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red hypergiant (not yet started)">Red</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_blue_variable" title="Luminous blue variable">Luminous blue variable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergiant_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Supergiant star">Supergiant</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_supergiant_star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue supergiant star (not yet started)">blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_supergiant_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Red supergiant star">red</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_supergiant_star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yellow supergiant star (not yet started)">yellow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">White dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf%E2%80%93Rayet_star" title="Wolf–Rayet star">Wolf–Rayet star</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super-AGB_star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super-AGB star (not yet started)">Super-AGB star</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Population_III_star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Population III star (not yet started)">Population III star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remnants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_remnant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova remnant (not yet started)">Supernova remnant</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulsar_wind_nebula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulsar wind nebula (not yet started)">Pulsar wind nebula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">Neutron star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">magnetar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_black_hole" title="Stellar black hole">Stellar black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_star" title="Compact star">Compact star</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electroweak_star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electroweak star (not yet started)">electroweak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exotic_star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exotic star (not yet started)">exotic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark_star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quark star (not yet started)">quark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zombie_star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zombie star (not yet started)">Zombie star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Bubble" title="Local Bubble">Local Bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superbubble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superbubble (not yet started)">Superbubble</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orion%E2%80%93Eridanus_Superbubble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orion–Eridanus Superbubble (not yet started)">Orion–Eridanus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discovery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guest_star_(astronomy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guest star (astronomy) (not yet started)">Guest star</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_supernova_observation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of supernova observation (not yet started)">History of supernova observation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_white_dwarfs,_neutron_stars,_and_supernovae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae (not yet started)">Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_supernova_candidates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of supernova candidates (not yet started)">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_supernovae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of supernovae (not yet started)">Notable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_massive_stars" title="List of most massive stars">Massive stars</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_most_distant_supernovae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of most distant supernovae (not yet started)">Most distant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_supernova_remnants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of supernova remnants (not yet started)">Remnants</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernovae_in_fiction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernovae in fiction (not yet started)">In fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnard%27s_Loop" title="Barnard's Loop">Barnard's Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cassiopeia_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cassiopeia A (not yet started)">Cassiopeia A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1054" class="mw-redirect" title="SN 1054">SN 1054</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab_Nebula" title="Crab Nebula">Crab Nebula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPTF14hls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPTF14hls (not yet started)">iPTF14hls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1000%2B0216&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 1000+0216 (not yet started)">SN 1000+0216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1572" class="mw-redirect" title="SN 1572">Tycho's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler%27s_Supernova" title="Kepler's Supernova">Kepler's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1885A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 1885A (not yet started)">SN 1885A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1987A" title="SN 1987A">SN 1987A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1994D" title="SN 1994D">SN 1994D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_185&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 185 (not yet started)">SN 185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1006" title="SN 1006">SN 1006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2003fg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2003fg (not yet started)">SN 2003fg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G1.9%2B0.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G1.9+0.3 (not yet started)">Remnant G1.9+0.3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2007bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2007bi (not yet started)">SN 2007bi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2011fe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2011fe (not yet started)">SN 2011fe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2014J&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2014J (not yet started)">SN 2014J</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_Refsdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN Refsdal (not yet started)">SN Refsdal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vela_Supernova_Remnant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vela Supernova Remnant (not yet started)">Vela Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2006gy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2006gy (not yet started)">SN 2006gy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASASSN-15lh" title="ASASSN-15lh">ASASSN-15lh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2016aps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2016aps (not yet started)">SN 2016aps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2018cow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2018cow (not yet started)">SN 2018cow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2022jli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2022jli (not yet started)">SN 2022jli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Sky_Automated_Survey_for_SuperNovae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (not yet started)">ASAS-SN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cal%C3%A1n/Tololo_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calán/Tololo Survey (not yet started)">Calán/Tololo Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-Z_Supernova_Search_Team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High-Z Supernova Search Team (not yet started)">High-Z Supernova Search Team</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katzman_Automatic_Imaging_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (not yet started)">Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Agliale_Supernovae_and_Asteroid_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Agliale Supernovae and Asteroid Survey (not yet started)">Monte Agliale Supernovae and Asteroid Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nearby_Supernova_Factory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nearby Supernova Factory (not yet started)">Nearby Supernova Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloan_Digital_Sky_Survey#Sloan_Supernova_Survey" title="Sloan Digital Sky Survey">Sloan Supernova Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova/Acceleration_Probe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova/Acceleration Probe (not yet started)">Supernova/Acceleration Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_Cosmology_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova Cosmology Project (not yet started)">Supernova Cosmology Project</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SuperNova_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SuperNova Early Warning System (not yet started)">SuperNova Early Warning System</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_Legacy_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova Legacy Survey (not yet started)">Supernova Legacy Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Supernova_Search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas Supernova Search (not yet started)">Texas Supernova Search</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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