Ulmaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" > <HTML>  <head>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TGK4SMV');</script>  <title>Ulmaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href='/templates/eflora.css' /> <script src="JavaScript/eflora.js" type="text/javascript" ></script> </head>  <body> <TABLE id="TableMain" cellSpacing="1" cellPadding="1" width="640" border="0"> <TR> <TD> <script language="javascript"> function jsClearTextBox(sender) { // alert(formSearchBox["name_str"].id); // alert(sender.value); if (sender.value == "taxon name") { sender.value = ""; } } </script> <table id="ucEfloraHeader_tableHeaderWrapper" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <TD style="WIDTH: 479px"><a id="ucEfloraHeader_linkFloraHome" title="Flora Homepage" href="flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1"><img src="images/flora/eflora-logo-1.gif" id="ucEfloraHeader_imageLogo" border="0" alt="Link to Flora of North America home" /><br> </a></TD> <TD valign="bottom" align="right"> <div id="ucEfloraHeader_panelSearchBox">  <FORM name="formSearchBox" action="browse.aspx" method="get"> <TABLE borderColor="#ccffcc" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="2" width="200" border="1"> <TR> <TD> <span id="ucEfloraHeader_lblSearchBox"><INPUT TYPE='Hidden' NAME='flora_id' ' id='flora_id' VALUE='1' >  <input id=name_str name=name_str   value='' class=small title='Use % as the wildcard (e.g. pinus % or pinus a%)' onfocus='jsClearTextBox(this);' accessKey=s size=15> <input class=small type=submit value=Search name=btnSearch><br> <input name=chkAllFloras type=checkbox > <span class=small>All Floras      <A HREF='search_page.aspx?flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' class='a.link.small'>Advanced Search</A></span> </span></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </FORM>  </div> </TD> </tr> </table> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD id="tdSubHeader"> <table id="FooterTableOut" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <TD> <table bgcolor="#ffffcc" id="footerTable" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td style="WIDTH: 291px">FNA Vol. 3</td> <TD align="right"> <span id="ucEfloraSubHeader_lblLinks"><a target='_top' href='/login.aspx'>Login</a> | <A HREF='/index.aspx' TARGET='_top' >eFloras Home</A> | <A HREF='/help_page.aspx' TARGET='_top' >Help</A></span></TD> </tr> </table> </TD> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> </table> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD id="tdBody"> <table id="tableBody" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td id="tdLeftBar" valign="top" width="0"></td> <td id="tdContent" vAlign="top" width="1930"> <table width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td vAlign="top"> <table id="tableTaxonChain" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td><span id="lblTaxonChain" style="font-size:9pt;"><A HREF='flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' TITLE='Flora homepage' >FNA</A> | <A HREF='browse.aspx?flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' >Family List</A> | <A HREF='volume_page.aspx?volume_id=1003&flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' >FNA Vol. 3</A></span></td> </tr> </table> <P></P> <div id="panelTaxonTreatment"> <span id="lblTaxonDesc"> <b>Ulmaceae</b> Mirbel <p>Elm Family <P> Susan L. Sherman-Broyles, William T. Barker & Leila M. Schulz <P> <P> <p> <p> Trees or shrubs , deciduous (sometimes tardily deciduous in Ulmus ). Bark smooth to deeply fissured or scaly and flaky; sap watery. Leaves alternate [opposite], distichous [or not], simple; stipules present; petiole present. Leaf blade: base often oblique, margins entire or serrate, crenate, or toothed; venation pinnate to palmate-pinnate. Inflorescences axillary, cymes, racemes, fascicles, or flowers solitary, arising from branchlets of previous season (e.g., Ulmus ) or of current season (e.g., Celtis ). Flowers bisexual or unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same [different] plants; sepals persistent, (1-)5(-9), connate [distinct], imbricate or valvate; petals absent; stamens usually as many as calyx lobes, hypogynous, opposite calyx lobes, erect in bud; filaments free or arising from calyx tube, distinct, curved or sigmoid in bud; anthers 2-locular, dehiscence longitudinal; pistils 1, 2(-3)-carpellate; ovary 1(-2)-locular; ovules 1 per locule, pendulous from apex of locule, anatropous or amphitropous; styles (1-)2, distinct, receptive stigmatic area decurrent on distal inner margin of style branch. Fruits fleshy drupes, samaras, or nutlike. Seeds 1; arils absent; endosperm absent to scanty, consisting of 1 layer of thick-walled cells; embryo straight or curved.<p> Genera ca. 18, species ca. 150 (4 genera, 19 species in the flora): tropical and north temperate regions.<p> <p> <p> <p> Plants of this family are wind-pollinated (anemophilous). <p> Ulmaceae are frequently divided into two subfamilies, Ulmoideae and Celtoideae; they are sometimes separated into two families, Ulmaceae and Celtidaceae (I. A. Grudzinskaya 1965). These subfamilial or familial distinctions are supported by flavonoid chemistry (D. E. Giannasi and K. J. Niklas 1977; D. E. Giannasi 1978), pollen morphology (M. Zavada 1983), and some anatomic structures (E. M. Sweitzer 1971). Typically the Ulmoideae have flavonols, strictly pinnately veined leaves, and dry fruits; the Celtoideae have glycoflavones, pinnipalmately veined leaves, and drupaceous fruits. Some genera (e.g., Zelkova , with pinnately veined leaves and drupaceous fruits) are intermediate, and various authors place them in different subfamilies.<p>In this treatment Ulmus and Planera are considered part of the subfamily Ulmoideae; Celtis and Trema are in subfamily Celtoideae. Zelkova serrata is widely cultivated as an ornamental tree in North America, but it is not known to be naturalized in the flora. Chemical similarities between subfamilies include the presence of proanthocyanins with some tannins and scattered mucilaginous cells or canals. Additionally, members of the family share a strong tendency toward mineralization of the cell walls with calcium carbonate or silica and possess solitary or clustered crystals of calcium oxalate.<P>Ulmaceae include trees and shrubs of horticultural importance.<p> <p> SELECTED REFERENCES<P>Barker, W. T. 1986. Ulmaceae. In: Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, Kans. Pp. 119-123. Elias, T. S. 1970. The genera of Ulmaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 51: 18-40. Giannasi, D. E. 1978. Generic relationships in the Ulmaceae based on flavonoid chemistry. Taxon 27: 331-344. Giannasi, D. E. and K. J. Niklas. 1977. Flavonoids and other constituents of fossil Miocene <I>Celtis</I> and <I>Ulmus</I> (Succor Creek Flora). Science 197: 765-767. Grudzinskaya, I. A. 1965. The Ulmaceae and reasons for distinguishing the Celtidoideae as a separate family Celtidaceae Link. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 52: 1723-1749. Sweitzer, E. M. 1971. The comparative anatomy of Ulmaceae. J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 523-585. Zavada, M. 1983. Pollen morphology of Ulmaceae. Grana 22: 23-30.<p> <P> </span> <P> <div id="panelKey"> <BR clear="all"> <table id="tableKey" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" border="0"> <tr bgcolor="#d5ffff"> <TD width="347"> <P> <span id="lblKeyTitle" style="font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;"></span></P> </TD> <TD nowrap="nowrap" align="right"> <P> <span id="lblKeyEditLink" style="font-size:8pt;"></span></P> </TD> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#f1ffff"> <TD colspan="2"> <P> <span id="lblKeyDesc" style="font-size:9pt;"></span></P> <P> <span id="lblKey"><TABLE WIDTH='100%' BORDER='0' > <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-1'>1</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blade pinnately veined; fruits dry, nutlike or samaras.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-2'>(2)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blade palmately veined at base, pinnately veined over remainder of blade; fruits drupes.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-3'>(3)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-2'>2</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-1'>(1)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Flowers bisexual; fruits samaras.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>1 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=134116' TARGET='_top' >Ulmus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Flowers normally unisexual, inflorescences usually with a few bisexual flowers; fruits nutlike.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>2 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=125730' TARGET='_top' >Planera</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-3'>3</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-1'>(1)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blade entire or serrate to ca. 3/4 length; flowers solitary or in few-flowered clusters; drupes 1.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>3 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=105995' TARGET='_top' >Celtis</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blade crenate to serrate for entire length; flowers 12-20, in cymes.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>4 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=133312' TARGET='_top' >Trema</A></td> </TR> </TABLE> </span></P> </TD> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#d5ffff"> <TD colspan="2"> <span id="lblKeyList" style="font-size:9pt;"></span></TD> </tr> </table> </div></P> <P> <span id="lblLowerTaxonList"><p> <B>Lower Taxa</B><br> <ul> <li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=105995' TITLE='Accepted Name' ><b>Celtis</b> Linnaeus</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=125730' TITLE='Accepted Name' ><b>Planera</b> J. F. Gmelin</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=133312' TITLE='Accepted Name' ><b>Trema</b> Loureiro</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=134116' TITLE='Accepted Name' ><b>Ulmus</b> Linnaeus</A></ul> <p> </span></P> <BR clear="all"> <P> </P> <table id="tableObjectList" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <TD> <TABLE cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="100%" border="0"> <TR> <TD> <span id="Label1" style="font-size:9pt;"> <b>Related Objects</b> </span></TD> <TD align="right"> <span id="lblGalleryLink" style="font-size:8pt;"></span> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> </tr> <tr> <TD> <span id="lblObjectList"><p> <TABLE WIDTH='100%' BORDER='0' cellspacing=0> <TR > <td class='bold'>Flora of China</td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td width=400><li><A HREF='http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume05/Ulmaceae.pdf' TITLE='PDF' >PDF File</A></td> <td class='small'>PDF</td> </TR> <TR > <td class='bold'>Interactive Keys by Xiangying Wen</td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td width=400><li><A HREF='object_page.aspx?object_id=48207&flora_id=1001' TITLE='Image/JPEG' >Ulmus parvifolia (Xiangying Wen)</A></td> <td class='small'>Image/JPEG</td> </TR> <TR > <td width=400><li><A HREF='object_page.aspx?object_id=48208&flora_id=1001' TITLE='Image/JPEG' >Zelkova serrata (Xiangying Wen)</A></td> <td class='small'>Image/JPEG</td> </TR> <TR > <td width=400><li><A HREF='object_page.aspx?object_id=48209&flora_id=1001' TITLE='Image/JPEG' >Zelkova serrata (Xiangying Wen)</A></td> <td class='small'>Image/JPEG</td> </TR> <TR > <td width=400><li><A HREF='object_page.aspx?object_id=47740&flora_id=1001' TITLE='Image/JPEG' >Zelkow serrata (Xiangying Wen)</A></td> <td class='small'>Image/JPEG</td> </TR> <TR > <td width=400><li><A HREF='object_page.aspx?object_id=47741&flora_id=1001' TITLE='Image/JPEG' >Zelkow serrata (Xiangying Wen)</A></td> <td class='small'>Image/JPEG</td> </TR> </TABLE> </span></TD> </tr> </table> <P></P> </div> <P><div id="panelTaxonLinks">  </P> <P> <table id="tableLinkList" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <TD><span id="lblLinkTitle" style="font-size:9pt;"><b>Related Links</b> (opens in a new window)</span></TD> </tr> <tr> <TD> <P><span id="lblLinkList"><b>Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org</b><ul> <li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=10928' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal' >Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=10928' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Chinese Plant Names' >Chinese Plant Names</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10928' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of China' >Flora of China</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=11&taxon_id=10928' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of Missouri' >Flora of Missouri</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=10928' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of Pakistan' >Flora of Pakistan</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=101&taxon_id=10928' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of Taiwan Checklist' >Flora of Taiwan Checklist</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1001&taxon_id=10928' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Interactive Keys by Xiangying Wen' >Interactive Keys by Xiangying Wen</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=201&taxon_id=10928' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Trees and shrubs of the Andes of Ecuador' >Trees and shrubs of the Andes of Ecuador</A></ul> <p> <b>Other Databases</b> <ul> <li><A HREF='http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_pick?name=Ulmaceae' TARGET='FLORA_LINK' TITLE='W3TROPICOS' >W<SUP>3</SUP>TROPICOS</A> <li><A HREF='http://www.ipni.org/ipni/IpniServlet?family=Ulmaceae&infrafamily=&genus=&infragenus=&species=&infraspecies=&author_abbrev=&publication_title=&is_apni_record=on&is_gci_record=on&is_ik_record=on&include_authors=on&include_basionym_authors=on&query_type=by_query' TARGET='FLORA_LINK' TITLE='IPNI' >IPNI</A></ul> </span></P> </TD> </tr> </table> </div></P> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <P></P> <P><span id="lblEditLinks" style="font-size:9pt;"></span></P> <P> </P> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <TD id="tdRightBar" valign="top"></TD> </tr> </table> </TD> <tr> <td> <table id="SubHeaderTableOut" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <TD> <table bgcolor="#99cc99" id="SubHeaderTable" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <TD align="center" bgColor="#ffffcc">  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkHome" href="index.aspx" target="_top">eFlora Home</a> |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkPeopleSearch" href="person_search.aspx" target="_top">People Search</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkHelp" href="help_page.aspx" target="_top">Help</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkActKey" href="http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/ActKey" target="_top">ActKey</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_Hyperlink2" href="http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/HuCards/" target="_top">Hu Cards</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_Hyperlink1" href="glossary.aspx" target="_top">Glossary</a>  |  </TD> </tr> </table> </TD> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> </table> <p></p> </td> </tr> </TABLE> </body> </HTML>

CINXE.COM

Ulmaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org