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<li id="toc-Launch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Launch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_attempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_attempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Expansion attempts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_attempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oklahoma_City_closure_and_Dallas_merger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oklahoma_City_closure_and_Dallas_merger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Oklahoma City closure and Dallas merger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oklahoma_City_closure_and_Dallas_merger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_end_in_Dallas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_end_in_Dallas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>The end in Dallas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_end_in_Dallas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American subscription television service</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/VEU_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="VEU (disambiguation)">VEU (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Television channel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-tv-channel"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Video Entertainment Unlimited<br />(VEU)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="ib-tv-channel-logo" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VEUlogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/VEUlogo.png/250px-VEUlogo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/VEUlogo.png/375px-VEUlogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/VEUlogo.png/500px-VEUlogo.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Broadcast area</th><td class="infobox-data label">Nationwide<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(available in select areas)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Programming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Golden West Subscription Television, Inc.<br />(<a href="/wiki/Golden_West_Broadcasters" title="Golden West Broadcasters">Golden West Broadcasters</a>) (1980–1983)<br />IASTV (1983–1984)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1, 1980<span class="noprint">; 44 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1980-04-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closed</th><td class="infobox-data">September 30, 1984<span class="noprint">; 40 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1984-09-30</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former names</th><td class="infobox-data">Golden West Entertainment Network (April–June 1980)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Video Entertainment Unlimited (VEU)</b> (also referred to as <b>VEU Subscription TV</b>) is a defunct <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">subscription television</a> service that was owned by the Golden West Subscription Television, Inc. subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Golden_West_Broadcasters" title="Golden West Broadcasters">Golden West Broadcasters</a>, which operated from May 1, 1980, until September 30, 1984. VEU aired a broad mix of <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">feature films</a> (including mainstream Hollywood blockbusters, lesser-known mainstream films, and <a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">softcore pornography</a>) as well as <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a> events and <a href="/wiki/Television_special" title="Television special">specials</a>. </p><p>Operating initially on two <a href="/wiki/Microwave_transmission" title="Microwave transmission">microwave systems</a> and, later, over the signals of fledgling <a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">independent stations</a> in select markets throughout the United States, VEU was similar in model and format to other subscription television (STV) services that were available to prospective subscribers by way of scrambled microwave and <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a> broadcast signals. The service was available as either a standalone offering for those that did not have access to <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a>-originated premium services, or as an additional viewing alternative thereto. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VEU&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch">Launch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VEU&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first STV services to be launched by Golden West Subscription Television were microwave systems operating in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which launched on April 1 and May 1, 1980, respectively, under the Golden West Entertainment Network brand; Golden West rebranded the Memphis service as VEU on June 15. Golden West had been providing <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a> to subscribers in Memphis since November 15, 1979, as the "Gold Channel".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VEU commenced broadcast operations in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a>, on October 15, 1980, transmitting over the signal of <a href="/wiki/KAUT-TV" title="KAUT-TV">KAUT</a> channel 43, a new station built by Golden West. KAUT aired a mixed format of rolling news and syndicated programming during weekday daytime periods and VEU subscription programming at night; the VEU service launched ahead of KAUT's commercial programming, which debuted November 3.<sup id="cite_ref-bc-11031980_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bc-11031980-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VEU expanded to the <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex</a>, where it began to broadcast over new station <a href="/wiki/KDAF" title="KDAF">KNBN-TV</a> channel 33 on November 1, 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It then shed the two microwave systems in Omaha and Memphis; these operations were sold to Entertainment Systems, Inc., which rebranded them as LimeLight, a service which collapsed in February 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the two broadcast markets—Oklahoma City and Dallas—the service cost between $19.95 and $22.50 per month depending on the market (equivalent to between $73.77 and $83.2 in 2023 adjusted for <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), in addition to one-time fees of $49.95 for installation (equivalent to $184.71 today) and $34.99 (equivalent to $129.39 today) in deposit fees. In order to unscramble the VEU signal and receive its programming, prospective subscribers were required to purchase a <a href="/wiki/Zenith" title="Zenith">Zenith</a>-manufactured <a href="/wiki/Scrambler" title="Scrambler">decoder box</a>, which were designed to be controlled from the participating station's studio facility to prevent pirating of the VEU signal by anyone receiving the service without a subscription, allowing station engineers to remotely encrypt the illegally unscrambled decoders where detected.<sup id="cite_ref-bc-11031980_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bc-11031980-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion_attempts">Expansion attempts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VEU&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expansion attempts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Golden West Broadcasters periodically floated the expansion of VEU's subscription television service to other markets; however, these plans would never come to fruition. Another of Golden West's subscription television subsidiaries, Golden West STV of Providence, planned to start up a subscription television operation over fledgling independent station <a href="/wiki/WNAC-TV" title="WNAC-TV">WSTG</a> channel 64 in <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, that service ultimately would never launch. Additionally, Chicago was listed on a handful of occasions as a planned expansion target. Chicago had a crowded subscription television market, with three STV services: <a href="/wiki/ON_TV_(TV_network)" title="ON TV (TV network)">ON TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spectrum_(TV_channel)" title="Spectrum (TV channel)">Spectrum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/FSN_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="FSN Chicago">Sportsvision</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1980, Golden West announced it would acquire franchises for Chicago, Dallas, Providence, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> (<a href="/wiki/KTSF" title="KTSF">KTSF-TV</a>) from Subscription Television of America, though this never took place.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One prospective VEU outlet ended up as one of the most visible signs of the service, even though it never actually hosted a VEU operation, because of its call letters. Even though Golden West Broadcasters had incorporated an STV subsidiary under the name "Golden West STV of <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>", <a href="/wiki/WUPA" title="WUPA">WVEU</a>, an upstart UHF television station founded by locally based BCG Communications that signed on the air on August 22, 1981, chose instead to begin its subscription television operations on November 23 of that year with the launch of "Superstar TV", which shared some ownership with the <a href="/wiki/Super_TV_(American_TV_channel)" title="Super TV (American TV channel)">Super TV</a> subscription service in the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> markets.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Superstar, which provided the vast majority of the programming content broadcast over WVEU (transmitting daily from 1:00 p.m. until its 2:00 a.m. sign-off) as the station worked out interference issues with two-way radio transmissions,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ceased operations the morning of July 23, 1983, while its operator, Subscription Television of Greater Atlanta Inc., was in the midst of <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> proceedings.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oklahoma_City_closure_and_Dallas_merger">Oklahoma City closure and Dallas merger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VEU&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oklahoma City closure and Dallas merger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Oklahoma City, cable companies including <a href="/wiki/Cox_Communications" title="Cox Communications">Cox Cable</a> and Pan Oklahoma Communications wired the city faster than had been expected; as a result of increased competition from cable, a microwave distribution service offering <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> and the rise of VCRs, VEU closed its Oklahoma City operation on October 17, 1982. KAUT expanded its conventional schedule into prime time with classic television series and select first-run syndicated programs.<sup id="cite_ref-oklahoman-tmc43_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oklahoman-tmc43-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was among the first closures of a subscription television service anywhere. </p><p>In the meantime, VEU grew in Dallas–Fort Worth. In September 1982, Golden West STV of Dallas purchased the Metroplex-area operations of competing subscription service <a href="/wiki/Preview_(subscription_service)" title="Preview (subscription service)">Preview</a> from <a href="/wiki/Time,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Time, Inc.">Time, Inc.</a>'s cable television subsidiary, American Television and Communications (ATC).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a 90-day simulcasting period,<sup id="cite_ref-merge_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merge-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VEU moved its programming exclusively to the former Preview station, <a href="/wiki/KDFI" title="KDFI">KTWS-TV</a> channel 27, in December 1982; on channel 27, more air time was available for subscription television. As a result, KNBN-TV expanded its commercial broadcast day with more programs from <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">the Spanish International Network</a>. The merger united Preview's 25,000 area subscribers with VEU's 42,000;<sup id="cite_ref-merge_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merge-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, VEU had only 45,000 subscribers by April 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-on_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-on-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_end_in_Dallas">The end in Dallas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VEU&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The end in Dallas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1980s, Golden West Broadcasters began to divest its television assets. IASTV, a group of Dallas-area investors associated with the Independent American Group, acquired VEU in April 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VEU, which became the sole survivor of the three operating STV services in Dallas–Fort Worth when ON TV closed there in May 1983,<sup id="cite_ref-on_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-on-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would see its fortunes reverse in 1984 as cable television grew in the Metroplex. That year, Liberty Television, Inc., of <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene, Oregon</a>, which had built and signed on KTWS-TV in 1981, sold it to a group headed by Jack McKay, former general manager of <a href="/wiki/KDFW" title="KDFW">KDFW</a>. Even though VEU had a contract to air over the station until 1996, McKay desired to program the station full-time as a commercial outlet. VEU petitioned against the sale, but the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> denied the petition in June. Sensing that the writing was on the wall, VEU and McKay agreed to a termination of the contract, clearing the way for McKay to transform channel 27 into a full-time commercial independent as <a href="/wiki/KDFI" title="KDFI">KDFI</a> after VEU's last night of programming on September 30, 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VEU&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like most over-the-air subscription television services, VEU operated on a part-time basis throughout its entire existence, partly because of its distribution via commercial independent stations; it transmitted programming Monday through Fridays from 7:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m. and Saturdays and Sundays from 12:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m. The service's feature film schedule was structured so that no affiliate could "run a movie to death," limiting repeat airings of any individual movie title to only four or five times in a given month.<sup id="cite_ref-bc-11031980_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bc-11031980-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For an additional monthly fee, VEU also offered <i>Night VEU</i>, an adult-oriented late night programming block that, depending on the evening's film schedule, aired nightly from 11:00 p.m. until 1:00 a.m. local time or later (inside <a href="/wiki/Watershed_(television)#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Watershed (television)">safe harbor</a> hours designated by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a>), featuring <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">softcore pornographic films</a>. </p><p>The Oklahoma City and Dallas VEU stations each also offered professional sporting events. In both Dallas and Oklahoma City, VEU carried regular-season <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> games of the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Mavericks" title="Dallas Mavericks">Dallas Mavericks</a> from 1980 to 1983, when it dropped them after becoming the only surviving STV service in the Dallas market.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service also broadcast 20 <a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a> games in the 1982 season, though it lost baseball to a new cable channel, <a href="/wiki/Home_Sports_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Sports Entertainment">Home Sports Entertainment</a>, the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Oklahoma City, VEU offered <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a> and <a href="/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">basketball</a> games featuring participating <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight Conference</a> universities (particularly involving the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Sooners" title="Oklahoma Sooners">Oklahoma Sooners</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Cowboys_and_Cowgirls" title="Oklahoma State Cowboys and Cowgirls">Oklahoma State Cowboys</a>, the latter of which had their <a href="/wiki/College_wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="College wrestling">wrestling matches</a> also carried by VEU locally). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VEU&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33611658/">"Over-the-Air TV Broadcasts Wednesday"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oklahoman" title="The Oklahoman">The Daily Oklahoman</a></i>. Oklahoma Publishing Company. October 12, 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Oklahoman&rft.atitle=Over-the-Air+TV+Broadcasts+Wednesday&rft.date=1980-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F33611658%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVEU" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/88721055/">"Golden West Headed For 10,000-Hookup Mark"</a>. <i>The Commercial Appeal</i>. April 2, 1980. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Commercial+Appeal&rft.atitle=Golden+West+Headed+For+10%2C000-Hookup+Mark&rft.pages=36&rft.date=1980-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F88721055%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVEU" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bc-11031980-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bc-11031980_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bc-11031980_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bc-11031980_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1980/1980-11-03-BC.pdf">"New Oklahoma City outlet to program news and STV"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting</a></i>. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. November 3, 1980. pp. 43, 46<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2018</span> – via American Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=New+Oklahoma+City+outlet+to+program+news+and+STV&rft.pages=43%2C+46&rft.date=1980-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1980%2F1980-11-03-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVEU" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Kenny1981" class="citation web cs1">Steve Kenny (June 1, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/1981/june/entertainment-pay-tv-guide/">"Entertainment Pay TV Guide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/D_Magazine" title="D Magazine">D Magazine</a></i>. D Magazine Partners<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D+Magazine&rft.atitle=Entertainment+Pay+TV+Guide&rft.date=1981-06-01&rft.au=Steve+Kenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmagazine.com%2Fpublications%2Fd-magazine%2F1981%2Fjune%2Fentertainment-pay-tv-guide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVEU" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_J._Moore1982" class="citation news cs1">Thomas J. Moore (October 31, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33582708/pinellas_pay_tv_firms_short_life/">"Pinellas pay TV firm's short life involves SEC, California investors and bank loan of $1-million"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times" title="Tampa Bay Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Times_Publishing_Company" title="Times Publishing Company">Times Publishing Company</a>. p. 14-D, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33582700/moore/">13-D</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=Pinellas+pay+TV+firm%27s+short+life+involves+SEC%2C+California+investors+and+bank+loan+of+%241-million&rft.pages=14-D%2C+13-D&rft.date=1982-10-31&rft.au=Thomas+J.+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F33582708%2Fpinellas_pay_tv_firms_short_life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVEU" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As calculated by the US Bureau of Statistics' <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/cpicalc.pl">CPI Inflation Calculator</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Trausch1980" class="citation news cs1">Susan Trausch (July 29, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33612826/">"Tube stakes in Boston"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Globe">Boston Globe</a></i>. 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aria-labelledby="Premium_television_services_in_the_United_States285" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._premium_television_services" title="Template:U.S. premium television services"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._premium_television_services" title="Template talk:U.S. premium television services"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._premium_television_services" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. premium television services"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premium_television_services_in_the_United_States285" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">Premium television</a> services in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._premium_television_services_(variety)" title="Template:U.S. premium television services (variety)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._premium_television_services_(variety)" title="Template talk:U.S. premium television services (variety)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._premium_television_services_(variety)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. premium television services (variety)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premium_television_services_in_the_United_States_(movies,_series_and_specials)151" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">Premium television</a> services in the United States (movies, series and specials)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movies, series, and specials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Box_Office,_Inc." title="Home Box Office, Inc.">Home Box Office, Inc.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_(streaming_service)" title="Max (streaming service)">Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinemax" title="Cinemax">Cinemax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showtime_Networks" title="Showtime Networks">Showtime Networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Paramount+ with Showtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Channel" title="The Movie Channel">The Movie Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flix_(TV_network)" title="Flix (TV network)">Flix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starz_Inc." title="Starz Inc.">Starz Inc.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starz" title="Starz">Starz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starz_Encore" title="Starz Encore">Starz Encore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoviePlex" title="MoviePlex">MoviePlex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B#ScreenPix" title="MGM+">ScreenPix</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Adult</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Playboy_TV" title="Playboy TV">Playboy TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthouse_TV" title="Penthouse TV">Penthouse TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hustler_TV_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hustler TV (US)">Hustler TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Soccer_Plus" title="Fox Soccer Plus">Fox Soccer Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._premium_television_services_(PPV)" title="Template:U.S. premium television services (PPV)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._premium_television_services_(PPV)" title="Template talk:U.S. premium television services (PPV)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._premium_television_services_(PPV)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. premium television services (PPV)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pay-per-view_television_services_in_the_United_States89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pay-per-view" title="Pay-per-view">Pay-per-view</a> television services in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pay-per-view</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_Demand" title="In Demand">In Demand</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVN_Entertainment_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="TVN Entertainment Corporation">TVN Entertainment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adult</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Playboy TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Playboy_TV" title="Playboy TV">Playboy TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playboy_Enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Playboy Enterprises">Playgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playboy_Enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Playboy Enterprises">Climax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_Networks" title="Spice Networks">Spice Networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spice_Networks" title="Spice Networks">RKTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_Networks" title="Spice Networks">Brazzers TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_Networks" title="Spice Networks">BangU.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_Networks" title="Spice Networks">Mofos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Erotic_Network" title="The Erotic Network">The Erotic Network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Erotic_Network" title="The Erotic Network">Blox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Erotic_Network" title="The Erotic Network">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Erotic_Network" title="The Erotic Network">Clips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Erotic_Network" title="The Erotic Network">Juicy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Erotic_Network" title="The Erotic Network">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Erotic_Network" title="The Erotic Network">Xtsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthouse_TV" title="Penthouse TV">Penthouse TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Erotic_Network" title="The Erotic Network">TEN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Choice" title="Hot Choice">Hot Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hustler_TV_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hustler TV (US)">Hustler TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Demand" title="In Demand">In Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vubiquity" title="Vubiquity">Vubiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_Much_For_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Too Much For TV">Too Much For TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports packages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHL_Center_Ice" title="NHL Center Ice">NHL Center Ice</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_RedZone" title="NFL RedZone">NFL RedZone</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Sunday_Ticket" title="NFL Sunday Ticket">NFL Sunday Ticket</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBA_League_Pass" title="NBA League Pass">NBA League Pass</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Extra_Innings" title="MLB Extra Innings">MLB Extra Innings</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLS_Season_Pass" title="MLS Season Pass">MLS Season Pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cricket Ticket</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._premium_television_services_(defunct)" title="Template:U.S. premium television services (defunct)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._premium_television_services_(defunct)" title="Template talk:U.S. premium television services (defunct)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._premium_television_services_(defunct)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. premium television services (defunct)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Defunct_premium_television_services_in_the_United_States422" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct <a href="/wiki/Premium_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Premium television">premium television</a> services in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premium services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMC_(TV_channel)" title="AMC (TV channel)">AMC</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_(American_TV_network)" title="Bravo (American TV network)">Bravo</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_100" title="Channel 100">Channel 100</a></li> <li>Cineview</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Channel" title="Disney Channel">Disney Channel</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li>Fanfare (TV channel)</li> <li>Front Row (TV channel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_(TV_channel)" title="Festival (TV channel)">Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galavisi%C3%B3n" title="Galavisión">Galavisión</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Theater_Network" title="Home Theater Network">Home Theater Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlight_(TV_channel)" title="Spotlight (TV channel)">Spotlight</a></li> <li>Starion Premiere Cinema</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Channel" title="The Movie Channel">Star Channel</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SundanceTV" class="mw-redirect" title="SundanceTV">Sundance Channel</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBO#Take_2" title="HBO">Take Two</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adult premium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>American Exxxtasy</li> <li>Escapade (TV channel)</li> <li>Uptown (TV channel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pay-per-view</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BET Action</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Video_Store" title="Cable Video Store">Cable Video Store</a></li> <li>Drive-In Cinema</li> <li>Guest Cinema</li> <li>The HiLife Channel</li> <li>NCAA Mega March Madness</li> <li>Rendezvous (TV channel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Request_TV" title="Request TV">Request TV</a></li> <li>Spectradyne</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ESPN_College_Extra" title="ESPN College Extra">ESPN College Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN_GamePlan" title="ESPN GamePlan">ESPN GamePlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN_Full_Court" title="ESPN Full Court">ESPN Full Court</a></li> <li>NCAA Mega March Madness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLS_Direct_Kick" title="MLS Direct Kick">MLS Direct Kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASCAR_Hot_Pass" title="NASCAR Hot Pass">NASCAR Hot Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PASS_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="PASS Sports">PASS Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subscription TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawkvision" title="Hawkvision">Hawkvision</a></li> <li>In-Home Theatre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MovieBeam" title="MovieBeam">MovieBeam</a></li> <li>MovieVision</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ON_TV_(TV_network)" title="ON TV (TV network)">ONTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonevision" title="Phonevision">Phonevision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preview_(subscription_service)" title="Preview (subscription service)">Preview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRISM_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (TV network)">PRISM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCORE_(television)" class="mw-redirect" title="SCORE (television)">SCORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SelecTV_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="SelecTV (U.S. TV channel)">SelecTV</a></li> <li>Showbiz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrum_(TV_channel)" title="Spectrum (TV channel)">Spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsvision" title="Sportsvision">Sportsvision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBPX-TV" title="WBPX-TV">StarCase</a></li> <li>Star TV</li> <li>SuperTime</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_TV_(American_TV_channel)" title="Super TV (American TV channel)">Super TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLS-TV#History" title="WLS-TV">Tele1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemeter_(pay_television)" title="Telemeter (pay television)">Telemeter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wometco_Home_Theater" title="Wometco Home Theater">Wometco Home Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_Channel" title="Z Channel">Z Channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small><sup>1</sup> Indicates the channel is still in existence, but currently operates as a basic cable channel.</small><br /><small><sup>2</sup> Star Channel was part of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Communications">Warner Communications</a>' <a href="/wiki/QUBE" class="mw-redirect" title="QUBE">QUBE</a> interactive cable service, and was the precursor to present-day <a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Channel" title="The Movie Channel">The Movie Channel</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_TV" title="Template:North American TV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_TV" title="Template talk:North American TV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_TV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American TV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Additional_resources_on_North_American_television87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Additional resources on North American television</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_stations_in_North_America" title="Template:Television stations in North America">List of local television stations in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Template:North American DTV">DTV transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_TV" title="Template:North American TV">North American TV mini-template</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_television_networks" title="Template:Canadian television networks">Canadian networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_networks" title="List of Canadian television networks">List of Canadian television networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_channels" title="List of Canadian television channels">List of Canadian television channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_specialty_channels" title="List of Canadian specialty channels">List of Canadian specialty channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian television stations">Local Canadian TV stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_stations_available_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States stations available in Canada">List of United States stations available in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Vancouver_TV_realignment" title="2001 Vancouver TV realignment">2001 Vancouver TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Canada_broadcast_TV_realignment" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment">2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mexican_broadcast_television" title="Template:Mexican broadcast television">Mexican networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Mexico" title="List of television stations in Mexico">Local Mexican TV stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television">American networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cable_and_satellite_television_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States cable and satellite television channels">List of American cable and satellite networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">List of American over-the-air networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_W)" title="List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter W)">Local American TV stations (W)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_K)" title="List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter K)">Local American TV stations (K)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish-language_television_networks_in_the_United_States" title="List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States">Spanish-language TV networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_South_Florida_television_affiliation_switch" title="1989 South Florida television affiliation switch">1989 South Florida television affiliation switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%931996_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment">1994–1996 U.S. TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="2006 United States broadcast television realignment">2006 U.S. TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations_available_in_the_United_States" title="List of Canadian television stations available in the United States">List of Canadian television stations available in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._television_movie_channels" title="Template:U.S. television movie channels">U.S. movie channels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_movie_channels" title="Template:Canadian movie channels">Canadian movie channels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_premium_television_services" title="Template:Canadian premium television services">Canadian premium channels</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Movie-oriented_television_services_in_the_United_States421" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._television_movie_channels" title="Template:U.S. television movie channels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._television_movie_channels" title="Template talk:U.S. television movie channels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._television_movie_channels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. television movie channels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Movie-oriented_television_services_in_the_United_States421" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_movie_television_channels" title="List of movie television channels">Movie-oriented television services</a> in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Over-the-air</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movies!" title="Movies!">Movies!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOST" title="NOST">NOST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positiv" title="Positiv">Positiv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMC_(TV_channel)" title="AMC (TV channel)">AMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinelatino" title="Cinelatino">Cinelatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FX_Movie_Channel" title="FX Movie Channel">FX Movie Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDNet_Movies" title="HDNet Movies">HDNet Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Mystery" title="Hallmark Mystery">Hallmark Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMN_(TV_channel)" title="LMN (TV channel)">LMN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PixL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PixL (page does not exist)">PixL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShortsTV" title="ShortsTV">ShortsHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Movie_Channel" title="Sony Movie Channel">Sony Movie Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">Turner Classic Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViendoMovies" title="ViendoMovies">ViendoMovies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">Premium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> (<a href="/wiki/HBO#Channels" title="HBO">Multiplex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinemax" title="Cinemax">Cinemax</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinemax#Channels" title="Cinemax">Multiplex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a> (<a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)#Channels" title="Showtime (TV network)">Multiplex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Channel" title="The Movie Channel">The Movie Channel</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Channel#Channels" title="The Movie Channel">Multiplex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flix_(TV_network)" title="Flix (TV network)">Flix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starz" title="Starz">Starz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Starz#Channels" title="Starz">Multiplex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starz_Encore" title="Starz Encore">Starz Encore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Starz_Encore#Channels" title="Starz Encore">Multiplex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoviePlex" title="MoviePlex">MoviePlex</a> (<a href="/wiki/MoviePlex#Channels" title="MoviePlex">Multiplex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a> (<a href="/wiki/MGM%2B#Channels" title="MGM+">Multiplex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B#ScreenPix" title="MGM+">ScreenPix</a> (<a href="/wiki/MGM%2B#ScreenPix" title="MGM+">Multiplex</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiller_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiller (TV channel)">Chiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Channel_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Documentary Channel (TV channel)">Documentary Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearnet" title="Fearnet">Fearnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_(TV_channel)" title="Festival (TV channel)">Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Theater_Network" title="Home Theater Network">Home Theater Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM HD">MGM HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlight_(TV_channel)" title="Spotlight (TV channel)">Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Channel" title="The Movie Channel">Star Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBO#Take_2" title="HBO">Take 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Over-the-air<br />(subscription)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MovieBeam" title="MovieBeam">MovieBeam</a></li> <li>MovieVision</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONTV_(pay_TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="ONTV (pay TV)">ONTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonevision" title="Phonevision">Phonevision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preview_(subscription_service)" title="Preview (subscription service)">Preview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRISM_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (TV network)">PRISM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SelecTV_(US_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="SelecTV (US TV channel)">SelecTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrum_(TV_channel)" title="Spectrum (TV channel)">Spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperTV" class="mw-redirect" title="SuperTV">SuperTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLS-TV#History" title="WLS-TV">Tele1st</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wometco_Home_Theater" title="Wometco Home Theater">Wometco Home Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_Channel" title="Z Channel">Z Channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Over-the-air<br />(ad-supported)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/This_TV" title="This TV">This TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_TV" title="Template:North American TV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_TV" title="Template talk:North American TV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_TV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American TV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Additional_resources_on_North_American_television87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Additional resources on North American television</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_stations_in_North_America" title="Template:Television stations in North America">List of local television stations in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Template:North American DTV">DTV transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_TV" title="Template:North American TV">North American TV mini-template</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_television_networks" title="Template:Canadian television networks">Canadian networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_networks" title="List of Canadian television networks">List of Canadian television networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_channels" title="List of Canadian television channels">List of Canadian television channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_specialty_channels" title="List of Canadian specialty channels">List of Canadian specialty channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian television stations">Local Canadian TV stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_stations_available_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States stations available in Canada">List of United States stations available in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Vancouver_TV_realignment" title="2001 Vancouver TV realignment">2001 Vancouver TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Canada_broadcast_TV_realignment" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment">2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mexican_broadcast_television" title="Template:Mexican broadcast television">Mexican networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Mexico" title="List of television stations in Mexico">Local Mexican TV stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television">American networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cable_and_satellite_television_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States cable and satellite television channels">List of American cable and satellite networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">List of American over-the-air networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_W)" title="List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter W)">Local American TV stations (W)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_K)" title="List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter K)">Local American TV stations (K)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish-language_television_networks_in_the_United_States" title="List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States">Spanish-language TV networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_South_Florida_television_affiliation_switch" title="1989 South Florida television affiliation switch">1989 South Florida television affiliation switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%931996_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment">1994–1996 U.S. TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="2006 United States broadcast television realignment">2006 U.S. TV realignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations_available_in_the_United_States" title="List of Canadian television stations available in the United States">List of Canadian television stations available in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._premium_television_services" title="Template:U.S. premium television services">U.S. premium channels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_movie_channels" title="Template:Canadian movie channels">Canadian movie channels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_premium_television_services" title="Template:Canadian premium television services">Canadian premium channels</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VEU&oldid=1253629115">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VEU&oldid=1253629115</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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