CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tiglath-Pileser III - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f2f2a408-0044-4877-977d-12437d1f0f5a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tiglath-Pileser_III","wgTitle":"Tiglath-Pileser III","wgCurRevisionId":1254326794,"wgRevisionId":1254326794,"wgArticleId":69134,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Good articles","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language text","Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text","Year of birth uncertain","Neo-Assyrian Empire","790s BC births","727 BC deaths","8th-century BC Assyrian kings","8th-century BC kings of Babylon","Monarchs in the Hebrew Bible","Kings of the Universe","Usurpers"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tiglath-Pileser_III","wgRelevantArticleId":69134,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q210074","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg/1200px-Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1189"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg/800px-Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="793"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg/640px-Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="634"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tiglath-Pileser III - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tiglath-Pileser_III rootpage-Tiglath-Pileser_III skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tiglath-Pileser+III" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tiglath-Pileser+III" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tiglath-Pileser+III" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tiglath-Pileser+III" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Background </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Background subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancestry_and_rise_to_the_throne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry_and_rise_to_the_throne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Ancestry and rise to the throne </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry_and_rise_to_the_throne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Name </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assyria_before_Tiglath-Pileser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assyria_before_Tiglath-Pileser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Assyria before Tiglath-Pileser </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assyria_before_Tiglath-Pileser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Reign </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reign subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reforms_and_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reforms_and_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Reforms and policies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reforms_and_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wars_and_conquests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wars_and_conquests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Wars and conquests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wars_and_conquests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Early campaigns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conquest_of_the_Levant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conquest_of_the_Levant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Conquest of the Levant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conquest_of_the_Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conquest_of_Babylonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conquest_of_Babylonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Conquest of Babylonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conquest_of_Babylonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_and_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Family and succession </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Titles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Tiglath-Pileser III</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" > 48 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglat-Pileser_III" title="Tiglat-Pileser III – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tiglat-Pileser III" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_%E1%89%B4%E1%88%8D%E1%8C%8C%E1%88%8D%E1%89%B4%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%8C%E1%88%8D%E1%88%B6%E1%88%AD" title="3 ቴልጌልቴልፌልሶር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="3 ቴልጌልቴልፌልሶር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%AB_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB" title="تغلث فلاسر الثالث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تغلث فلاسر الثالث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_Tiqlatpalasar" title="III Tiqlatpalasar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="III Tiqlatpalasar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_3-s%C3%A8" title="Tiglath-Pileser 3-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiglath-Pileser 3-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80_III" title="Тиглатпаласар III – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тиглатпаласар III" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teglatfalassar_III" title="Teglatfalassar III – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teglatfalassar III" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglatpilesar_III." title="Tiglatpilesar III. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tiglatpilesar III." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukulti-apil-E%C5%A1arra_III." title="Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglat-Pileser_III" title="Tiglat-Pileser III – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tiglat-Pileser III" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B8_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AD%CF%81_%CE%93%CE%84" title="Τιγκλάθ Πιλεσέρ Γ΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τιγκλάθ Πιλεσέρ Γ΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglatpileser_III" title="Tiglatpileser III – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tiglatpileser III" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglatpilezero_la_3-a" title="Tiglatpilezero la 3-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tiglatpilezero la 3-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III.a" title="Tiglath-Pileser III.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tiglath-Pileser III.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="تیگلات-پیلسر سوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیگلات-پیلسر سوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-Phalazar_III" title="Tiglath-Phalazar III – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tiglath-Phalazar III" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teglatfalasar_III" title="Teglatfalasar III – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Teglatfalasar III" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EA%B8%80%EB%9D%BC%ED%8A%B8-%ED%95%84%EB%A0%88%EC%84%B8%EB%A5%B4_3%EC%84%B8" title="티글라트-필레세르 3세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티글라트-필레세르 3세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80_III" title="Թիգլաթպալասար III – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թիգլաթպալասար III" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglat-Pileser_III" title="Tiglat-Pileser III – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tiglat-Pileser III" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglatpileser_III" title="Tiglatpileser III – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tiglatpileser III" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99" title="תגלת-פלאסר השלישי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תגלת-פלאסר השלישי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_III" title="ტიგლათფილესერ III – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიგლათფილესერ III" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Tukulti-apil-%C3%A9sarra" title="III. Tukulti-apil-ésarra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="III. Tukulti-apil-ésarra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teglata-Falasara_III" title="Teglata-Falasara III – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Teglata-Falasara III" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC_III" title="തിഗ്ലത്ത്-പിലീസർ III – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തിഗ്ലത്ത്-പിലീസർ III" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_III" title="ტიგლათფილესერ III – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტიგლათფილესერ III" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AB_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="تجلث فلاسر التالت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تجلث فلاسر التالت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglat-Pileser_III" title="Tiglat-Pileser III – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tiglat-Pileser III" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%83%AC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB3%E4%B8%96" title="ティグラト・ピレセル3世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティグラト・ピレセル3世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglat-Pileser_III" title="Tiglat-Pileser III – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tiglat-Pileser III" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="تلگت پلاسر سوم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تلگت پلاسر سوم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglat-Pileser_III" title="Tiglat-Pileser III – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tiglat-Pileser III" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglate-Pileser_III" title="Tiglate-Pileser III – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tiglate-Pileser III" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglatpalasar_al_III-lea" title="Tiglatpalasar al III-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tiglatpalasar al III-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80_III" title="Тиглатпаласар III – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тиглатпаласар III" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglat-Pileser_III." title="Tiglat-Pileser III. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tiglat-Pileser III." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80_III" title="Тиглат-Пилесар III – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тиглат-Пилесар III" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglat-Pileser_III" title="Tiglat-Pileser III – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tiglat-Pileser III" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglatpileser_III" title="Tiglatpileser III – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiglatpileser III" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglatpileser_III" title="Tiglatpileser III – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tiglatpileser III" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tiglath-Pileser III" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Tiglat-Pileser" title="III. Tiglat-Pileser – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="III. Tiglat-Pileser" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80_III" title="Тіглатпаласар III – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тіглатпаласар III" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="تلگت پلاسر سوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تلگت پلاسر سوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiglath-Pileser III" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglatpiliser_III" title="Tiglatpiliser III – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tiglatpiliser III" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="提格拉特帕拉沙尔三世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="提格拉特帕拉沙尔三世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q210074#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tiglath-Pileser_III" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tiglath-Pileser_III" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&oldid=1254326794" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Tiglath-Pileser_III&id=1254326794&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTiglath-Pileser_III">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTiglath-Pileser_III">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tiglath-Pileser_III" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q210074" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Cuneform_UZ.svg/40px-Cuneform_UZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Cuneform_UZ.svg/60px-Cuneform_UZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Cuneform_UZ.svg/80px-Cuneform_UZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="630" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">cuneiform script</a>. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Cuneiform" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of cuneiform script.</div></div> </div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">8th-Century BCE Assyrian king, Neo-Assyrian Empire</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Tiglath-Pileser III</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Assyria" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Assyria">King of Assyria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Babylon">King of Babylon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Sumer_and_Akkad" title="King of Sumer and Akkad">King of Sumer and Akkad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Four_Corners_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Four Corners of the World">King of the Four Corners of the World</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Universe" title="King of the Universe">King of the Universe</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><a href="/wiki/File:Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg/220px-Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg/330px-Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg/440px-Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2328" data-file-height="2307" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Tiglath-Pileser III as depicted on a <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stele</a> from the walls of his royal palace</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">King of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">745–727 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_V" title="Ashur-nirari V">Ashur-nirari V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 795 BC<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> (?)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">727 BC (aged <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 68)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iaba,_Banitu_and_Atalia" title="Iaba, Banitu and Atalia">Iaba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a> <a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a> (?) <a href="/wiki/Sin-ahu-usur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-ahu-usur">Sin-ahu-usur</a> (?)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tukultī-apil-Ešarra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adaside_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaside dynasty">Adaside dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_III" title="Adad-nirari III">Adad-nirari III</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_V" title="Ashur-nirari V">Ashur-nirari V</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Tiglath-Pileser III<a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Akkadian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Assyrian Akkadian language">Neo-Assyrian Akkadian</a>: 𒆪𒋾𒀀𒂍𒈗𒊏, romanized: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017391-6">[4]</a> meaning "my trust belongs to the son of Ešarra";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[c]</a> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Hebrew language">Biblical Hebrew</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style>תִּגְלַת פִּלְאֶסֶר‎, romanized: Tīglaṯ Pīlʾeser) was the king of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> from 745 BC to his death in 727. One of the most prominent and historically significant <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian kings">Assyrian kings</a>, Tiglath-Pileser ended a period of Assyrian stagnation, introduced numerous political and military reforms and more than doubled the lands under Assyrian control. Because of the massive expansion and centralization of Assyrian territory and establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">standing army</a>, some researchers consider Tiglath-Pileser's reign to mark the true transition of <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> into an <a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">empire</a>. The reforms and methods of control introduced under Tiglath-Pileser laid the groundwork for policies enacted not only by later Assyrian kings but also by later empires for millennia after his death. The circumstances of Tiglath-Pileser's rise to the throne are not clear. Because ancient Assyrian sources give conflicting accounts concerning Tiglath-Pileser's lineage and there are records of a revolt at around the time of his accession, many historians have concluded that Tiglath-Pileser was a <a href="/wiki/Usurper" title="Usurper">usurper</a>, who seized the throne from his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_V" title="Ashur-nirari V">Ashur-nirari V</a>, who was either his brother or his father. Other historians postulate that the evidence could just as easily be interpreted as Tiglath-Pileser inheriting the throne through legitimate means and the debate remains unresolved. Tiglath-Pileser early on increased royal power and authority through curbing the influence of prominent officials and generals. After securing some minor victories in 744 and 743, he defeated the <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Sarduri_II" title="Sarduri II">Sarduri II</a> in battle near <a href="/wiki/Arpad,_Syria" title="Arpad, Syria">Arpad</a> in 743. This victory was significant since Urartu had for a brief time equalled Assyrian power; Sarduri had eleven years earlier defeated Tiglath-Pileser's predecessor Ashur-nirari. After defeating Sarduri, Tiglath-Pileser turned his attention to the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>. Over the course of several years, Tiglath-Pileser conquered most of the Levant, defeating and then either annexing or subjugating previously influential kingdoms, notably ending the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Aram-Damascus" title="Aram-Damascus">Aram-Damascus</a>. Tiglath-Pileser's activities in the Levant were recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>. After a few years of conflict, Tiglath-Pileser conquered <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> in 729, becoming the first king to rule as both king of Assyria and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Babylon">king of Babylon</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry_and_rise_to_the_throne">Ancestry and rise to the throne</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancestry and rise to the throne">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiglath-pileser_III,_an_alabaster_bas-relief_from_the_king%27s_central_palace_at_Nimrud,_Mesopotamia..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Tiglath-pileser_III%2C_an_alabaster_bas-relief_from_the_king%27s_central_palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Mesopotamia..JPG/180px-Tiglath-pileser_III%2C_an_alabaster_bas-relief_from_the_king%27s_central_palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Mesopotamia..JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Tiglath-pileser_III%2C_an_alabaster_bas-relief_from_the_king%27s_central_palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Mesopotamia..JPG/270px-Tiglath-pileser_III%2C_an_alabaster_bas-relief_from_the_king%27s_central_palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Mesopotamia..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Tiglath-pileser_III%2C_an_alabaster_bas-relief_from_the_king%27s_central_palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Mesopotamia..JPG/360px-Tiglath-pileser_III%2C_an_alabaster_bas-relief_from_the_king%27s_central_palace_at_Nimrud%2C_Mesopotamia..JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Tiglath-Pileser III, depicted in a royal chariot in one of the reliefs from the royal palace in <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a></figcaption></figure> There is not enough surviving evidence to conclude how Tiglath-Pileser III came to the throne<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199453-8">[5]</a> and the nature of his accession is thus unclear and disputed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636-9">[6]</a> Several pieces of evidence indicate that he might have been a usurper. Pointing to this are the facts that there was a revolt in <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a>, the capital of the Assyrian Empire, in 746/745<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636-9">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner201647-10">[7]</a> and that numerous officials and governors were replaced after 745.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> Ancient Assyrian sources give conflicting information in regards to Tiglath-Pileser's lineage. Tiglath-Pileser in inscriptions attributed his rise to the throne solely to divine selection, rather than the more typical practice of Assyrian kings ascribing their rise to both divine selection and his royal ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636-9">[6]</a> The Assyrian King List, an ancient Assyrian document listing the kings of Assyria, states that Tiglath-Pileser's father was his immediate predecessor <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_V" title="Ashur-nirari V">Ashur-nirari V</a>. Tiglath-Pileser in his own inscriptions claimed that he was the son of <a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_III" title="Adad-nirari III">Adad-nirari III</a>, making him Ashur-nirari's brother.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChen2020200–201-11">[8]</a> Assyriologists and other historians have overwhelmingly concluded that Tiglath-Pileser was a usurper.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636-9">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner201647-10">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkman1968406-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrayson198173-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199454-14">[11]</a> The Assyriologist Bradley J. Parker went as far as suggesting that he was not part of the previous royal dynasty at all,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2011367-15">[12]</a> but per the Assyriologist <a href="/wiki/Karen_Radner" title="Karen Radner">Karen Radner</a>, his claims of royal descent were probably true, meaning that while he did usurp the throne, he was a legitimate contender for it, having been victorious in an intra-dynastic civil war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner201647-10">[7]</a> Tiglath-Pileser faced no known resistance or rebellions against his rule after taking the throne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner201647-10">[7]</a> If accepted as a royal dynast, uncertainties still exist in whether Tiglath-Pileser was the son of Adad-nirari or Ashur-nirari. The Assyriologists Fei Chen, Albert Kirk Grayson and Shiego Yamada consider it more likely that he was Adad-nirari's son,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636-9">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChen2020200–201-11">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamada2003270-16">[13]</a> with the Assyrian King List's identification of him as the son of Ashur-nirari possibly being a scribal error.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636-9">[6]</a> The Assyriologist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Garelli" title="Paul Garelli">Paul Garelli</a> considers this unlikely, given that 38 years separate the reign of Adad-nirari from that of Tiglath-Pileser, writing that the possibility of him being Ashur-nirari's son cannot be fully ruled out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarelli199146-17">[14]</a> The historian Tracy Davenport holds that "we may never know" whether Tiglath-Pileser was Ashur-nirari's son or brother.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201641-18">[15]</a> There are ways to explain Tiglath-Pileser's inscriptions proclaiming him as the son of Adad-nirari despite the 38 years between their two reigns. It is possible that "son" in this context meant "grandson", meaning that Tiglath-Pileser would have been the son of Ashur-nirari or another of Adad-nirari's sons, or that Tiglath-Pileser actually was Adad-nirari's son, but came to the throne when he was already relatively old, possibly aged about 50.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017390-1">[1]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tell_Ahmar,_mural_palacio_rey_Tiglatpileser_audiencia_sicglo_VIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tell_Ahmar%2C_mural_palacio_rey_Tiglatpileser_audiencia_sicglo_VIII.jpg/330px-Tell_Ahmar%2C_mural_palacio_rey_Tiglatpileser_audiencia_sicglo_VIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tell_Ahmar%2C_mural_palacio_rey_Tiglatpileser_audiencia_sicglo_VIII.jpg/495px-Tell_Ahmar%2C_mural_palacio_rey_Tiglatpileser_audiencia_sicglo_VIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tell_Ahmar%2C_mural_palacio_rey_Tiglatpileser_audiencia_sicglo_VIII.jpg/660px-Tell_Ahmar%2C_mural_palacio_rey_Tiglatpileser_audiencia_sicglo_VIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>A wall painting from <a href="/wiki/Til_Barsip" title="Til Barsip">Til Barsip</a> depicting Tiglath-Pileser (sitting) holding court. The official closest to him to the right is his son <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a></figcaption></figure> The Eponym Chronicle, a list of <a href="/wiki/Eponym_dating_system" title="Eponym dating system">eponyms</a>, names for the years, typically taken from influential officials, of Assyria confirms there was a revolt in Nimrud the year before Tiglath-Pileser became king. According to the historian <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Zawadzki" title="Stefan Zawadzki">Stefan Zawadzki</a>, writing in 1994, the eponyms also provide insight into how the transition from Ashur-nirari to Tiglath-Pileser might have happened. That Tiglath-Pileser took the throne the year after the uprising was interpreted by Zawadzki, and others, as firmly indicating that he took the throne as the result of a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'etat</a>. Zawadzki believes the Eponym Chronicle further suggests that the rebellion, while not necessarily led by Tiglath-Pileser himself, was started with his knowledge and consent. The chief piece of evidence Zawadzki presents for this is that the revolt of 746 began in Nimrud and the first official appointed as eponym holder by Tiglath-Pileser (in 744) was Bel-dan, the governor of Nimrud.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199455-19">[16]</a> Garelli believes the revolt in 746 was instigated by <a href="/wiki/Shamshi-ilu" title="Shamshi-ilu">Shamshi-ilu</a>, a prominent official throughout the reigns of Tiglath-Pileser's predecessors, and that the uprising was crushed by Tiglath-Pileser after he legitimately inherited the throne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarelli199148-20">[17]</a> Zawadzki believes Shamshi-ilu may have revolted, as he is no longer recorded in Tiglath-Pileser's reign, but that the uprising in Nimrud was a separate revolt from Shamshu-ilu's supposed uprising and that Tiglath-Pileser or his supporters would have fought both Shamshu-ilu and Ashur-nirari.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199455-19">[16]</a> In her 2016 PhD thesis, the historian Tracy Davenport advanced the theory that Tiglath-Pileser might have been entirely legitimate and that he could even have co-ruled with Ashur-nirari for some time. Supporting Garelli's idea that Tiglath-Pileser was not responsible for any rebellion and the idea that he was a member of the royal dynasty, Davenport examined the Eponym Chronicle. Notably, the eponyms for Tiglath-Pileser's early reign do not follow the traditional sequence used for Assyrian eponym holders. Typically, the king was eponym holder in his second regnal year, followed by important magnates and then provincial governors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201637–41-21">[18]</a> If Tiglath-Pileser became king in 745, the eponym holder of his second regnal year was Bel-dan, not the king himself, who was the eponym holder in 743, his third regnal year. This could be explained by Tiglath-Pileser not having become the sole ruler of Assyria until 744. There are some strange features of the Eponym Chronicle that suggest that Ashur-nirari ruled until 744, together with Tiglath-Pileser 745–744. There are two horizonal lines in this part of the list, one beneath 746, possibly marking Tiglath-Pileser's rise to the throne, and one beneath 744, possibly marking Ashur-nirari's death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201637–41-21">[18]</a> It is unlikely that the second line is an error, since it occurs right after a note that records the end of Ashur-nirari's reign and its length. Both the Eponym Chronicle and the Assyrian King List gives Ashur-nirari a reign length of 10 years, only possible if he ruled until 744, and not 745. If Ashur-nirari did rule until 744, it is unlikely that there was a civil war, since Tiglath-Pileser is recorded to have gone on campaigns against Assyria's foreign enemies in this time, not possible if he was simultaneously involved in internal conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201637–41-21">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name">Name</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phull_and_Theglathphalasar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Phull_and_Theglathphalasar.png/180px-Phull_and_Theglathphalasar.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Phull_and_Theglathphalasar.png/270px-Phull_and_Theglathphalasar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Phull_and_Theglathphalasar.png/360px-Phull_and_Theglathphalasar.png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption>Kings Phull and Theglathphalasar in the 1493 <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a>, which confuses Tiglath-Pileser and Pulu as two different kings</figcaption></figure> Due to Assyria for centuries mainly being known through its appearances in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, the Assyrian kings who are mentioned in the Bible are generally known today by the Biblical forms of their names.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> The modern name Tiglath-Pileser thus derives from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> Tīglaṯ Pīl'eser (תִּגְלַת פִּלְאֶסֶר),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobsPrice1906145-22">[19]</a> a corrupted form of the original <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> name Tukultī-apil-Ešarra (𒆪𒋾𒀀𒂍𒈗𒊏).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017391-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobsPrice1906145-22">[19]</a> Presumably a <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">regnal name</a>, adopted upon his accession to the throne,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> Tukultī-apil-Ešarra means "my trust belongs to the son of Ešarra". Ešarra was a temple dedicated to the god <a href="/wiki/Ninurta" title="Ninurta">Ninurta</a> (who was thus the "son of Ešarra"). By the time of Tiglath-Pileser's reign, Ninurta was viewed as the son of the Assyrian national deity <a href="/wiki/Ashur_(god)" title="Ashur (god)">Ashur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> In some non-contemporary sources, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Canon">Ptolemaic Canon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_King_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian King List">Babylonian King List</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> and the works of later <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_world" title="Greco-Roman world">Greco-Roman</a> historians, Tiglath-Pileser is recorded under the name Pulu (Pūlu, <a href="/wiki/File:Assyrian_cuneiform_U1204D_MesZL_580.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Assyrian_cuneiform_U1204D_MesZL_580.svg/32px-Assyrian_cuneiform_U1204D_MesZL_580.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Assyrian_cuneiform_U1204D_MesZL_580.svg/48px-Assyrian_cuneiform_U1204D_MesZL_580.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Assyrian_cuneiform_U1204D_MesZL_580.svg/64px-Assyrian_cuneiform_U1204D_MesZL_580.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3542" data-file-height="1926" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Assyrian_cuneiform_U12073_MesZL_813_or_U121FB_MesZL_812_or_U121FC_MesZL_814.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Assyrian_cuneiform_U12073_MesZL_813_or_U121FB_MesZL_812_or_U121FC_MesZL_814.svg/26px-Assyrian_cuneiform_U12073_MesZL_813_or_U121FB_MesZL_812_or_U121FC_MesZL_814.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Assyrian_cuneiform_U12073_MesZL_813_or_U121FB_MesZL_812_or_U121FC_MesZL_814.svg/39px-Assyrian_cuneiform_U12073_MesZL_813_or_U121FB_MesZL_812_or_U121FC_MesZL_814.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Assyrian_cuneiform_U12073_MesZL_813_or_U121FB_MesZL_812_or_U121FC_MesZL_814.svg/52px-Assyrian_cuneiform_U12073_MesZL_813_or_U121FB_MesZL_812_or_U121FC_MesZL_814.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3650" data-file-height="2370" /></a>),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrame1992303–304-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertin189149-24">[21]</a> the etymology of which is uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017388-25">[22]</a> Though sometimes interpreted as a second regnal name, there are no contemporary Assyrian or Babylonian sources that refer to Tiglath-Pileser by this name and there is no evidence that it was ever used officially.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrame1992303–304-23">[20]</a> No evidence exists of any Assyrian king ever using more than one regnal name in their lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrame1992194-26">[23]</a> In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ncirli,_Pazarc%C4%B1k" title="İncirli, Pazarcık">Incirli</a> Trilingual inscription<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> was published that gave contemporary confirmation that Pul (Pulu) and Tiglath-Pileser III were one and the same king. Only the Phoenician part of the inscription has been published so far, because of the monument’s poor state of preservation. Still, the identification of Tiglath-Pileser III as Pul is fairly certain, because this phrase is repeated more than once in the text.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> The Phoenician spelling of this name is Puwal. <dl><dd>"Tiglath-pileser III is also referred to as Puˀ/wal [Puwal] with an intervocalic glide, spelled פאל quite clearly in at least one place (and probably the others) in contrast to biblical פול, vocalized Pûl. If it were pronounced according to the latter then one would expect פל in the Phoenician orthography."<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a></dd></dl> The Phoenician inscription is narrated in the first person by king <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awariku" class="extiw" title="de:Awariku">de:Awariku</a> (Awarikku, Warika, Urikki) of Que (<a href="/wiki/Quw%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Quwê">Quwê</a>, Adanawa, Adana), known from other ancient inscriptions. His stele was erected to mark the land that was gifted to Awariku by Tiglath-Pileser III. He is also known as the King of the Danunites (<a href="/wiki/Danaans" class="mw-redirect" title="Danaans">Danaans</a>), or the "Danunean king". He also describes himself as 'the King of the dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Mopsos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mopsos">Mopsos</a>'. Some Assyriologists, such as Eckart Frahm and <a href="/wiki/Paul-Alain_Beaulieu" title="Paul-Alain Beaulieu">Paul-Alain Beaulieu</a>, have speculated that Pulu was Tiglath-Pileser's original name before he became king and assumed his regnal name<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017176-30">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197-31">[28]</a> or perhaps a nickname.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197-31">[28]</a> According to Gertoux, Tiglath-Pileser III was the son of Adad-nīrārī III, and used the name Pulu as a young co-regent under previous kings. When he won the kingship of Babylon, for the last two years of his life, this again became his official name in Babylon. Gertoux explains the derivation of this name as a <a href="/wiki/Hypocoristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocoristic">hypocoristic</a> use of the word aplu “the heir”.<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assyria_before_Tiglath-Pileser">Assyria before Tiglath-Pileser</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Assyria before Tiglath-Pileser">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Assyrians" title="History of the Assyrians">History of the Assyrians</a></div> Assyria first rose as a prominent state under the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian Empire</a> in the 14th century BC, previously only having been a city-state centered on the city of <a href="/wiki/Assur" title="Assur">Assur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring202043-33">[30]</a> From the 12th century BC onwards, the Middle Assyrian Empire entered into a period of decline, becoming increasingly restricted to just the Assyrian heartland itself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring202046-34">[31]</a> Though the decline was at times halted by energetic warrior-kings, reconquests were not lasting until the time of <a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_II" title="Ashur-dan II">Ashur-dan II</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 934–912 BC), who campaigned in the northeast and northwest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017167-35">[32]</a> The accession of Ashur-dan's son <a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_II" title="Adad-nirari II">Adad-nirari II</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 911–891 BC) traditionally marks the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrillRookerGrisanti201130-36">[33]</a> Under the early Neo-Assyrian kings, there was a gradual reconquest of former Assyrian lands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017167-35">[32]</a> The success of this project was an extraordinary achievement given that the kings essentially had to rebuild the Assyrian Empire from scratch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring2020144-37">[34]</a> Under <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 883–859 BC) the Neo-Assyrian Empire rose to become the dominant political power in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Near East</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017167,_169-38">[35]</a> Ashurnasirpal's son <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 859–824 BC) further expanded Assyrian territory but his enlarged domain proved difficult to stabilize and his last few years initiated a renewed period of stagnation and decline, marked by both external and internal conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017172-39">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarduri_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Sarduri_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="148" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sarduri_II" title="Sarduri II">Sarduri II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a>, a prominent adversary of Assyria</figcaption></figure> The most important problems facing Shalmaneser late in his reign were the rise of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a> in the north and the increasing political authority and influence of the "magnates", a set of influential Assyrian courtiers and officials.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017172-39">[36]</a> The rise of Urartu threatened Assyrian hegemony since submission to Urartu was viewed by many vassal states as a realistic alternative to Assyria.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> The Urartian administration, culture, writing system and religion closely followed those of Assyria. The Urartian kings were also autocrats highly similar to the Assyrian kings. The imperialist expansionism undertaken by the kings of both Urartu and Assyria led to frequent military clashes between the two, despite being separated by the <a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017170–171-40">[37]</a> For a brief time, the Urartian army equalled that of Assyria;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> though the Assyrians scored many victories against Urartu, notably plundering Urartu's heartland late in Shalmaneser's reign,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017171-41">[38]</a> the Urartians scored victories of their own. In 754, the Urartian king <a href="/wiki/Sarduri_II" title="Sarduri II">Sarduri II</a> defeated the Assyrian army under Ashur-nirari V at <a href="/wiki/Arpad,_Syria" title="Arpad, Syria">Arpad</a>, an event that may have led to the Assyrian army not campaigning for several years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> The Assyrian kings were unable to deal with external threats since the magnates had gradually become the dominant political actors and central authority had become very weak.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017173-42">[39]</a> The reigns of Tiglath-Pileser's three predecessors <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_IV" title="Shalmaneser IV">Shalmaneser IV</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 783–773 BC), <a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_III" title="Ashur-dan III">Ashur-dan III</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 773–755 BC) and Ashur-nirari V was the low point of Assyrian royal power. In Shalmaneser IV's reign, the <a href="/wiki/Turtanu" title="Turtanu">turtanu</a> (commander-in-chief) <a href="/wiki/Shamshi-ilu" title="Shamshi-ilu">Shamshi-ilu</a> was bold enough to credit military victories to himself rather than the king.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017175-43">[40]</a> Ashur-nirari V appears to have been relatively idle as a ruler. He campaigned only three times, staying in Assyria throughout the majority of his reign, and he is not known to have conducted any building projects.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrayson1982277–278-44">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reign">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reforms_and_policies">Reforms and policies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reforms and policies">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiglath-pileser_III_and_submission_of_an_enemy,_8th_century_BC,_from_Nimrud,_Iraq._The_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Tiglath-pileser_III_and_submission_of_an_enemy%2C_8th_century_BC%2C_from_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._The_British_Museum.jpg/300px-Tiglath-pileser_III_and_submission_of_an_enemy%2C_8th_century_BC%2C_from_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._The_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Tiglath-pileser_III_and_submission_of_an_enemy%2C_8th_century_BC%2C_from_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._The_British_Museum.jpg/450px-Tiglath-pileser_III_and_submission_of_an_enemy%2C_8th_century_BC%2C_from_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._The_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Tiglath-pileser_III_and_submission_of_an_enemy%2C_8th_century_BC%2C_from_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._The_British_Museum.jpg/600px-Tiglath-pileser_III_and_submission_of_an_enemy%2C_8th_century_BC%2C_from_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._The_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption>A relief from Nimrud depicting Tiglath-Pileser (right) trampling a defeated enemy</figcaption></figure> One of Tiglath-Pileser's important early reforms was reducing the influence of the magnates, thus increasing the authority of the king. The division of the large provinces previously governed by the magnates into smaller units, placed under royally appointed provincial governors, reduced the wealth and power of the magnates. The right to commission inscriptions concerning military and building activities was withdrawn from officials and henceforth restricted to the king. Some historically prominent officials, such as the turtanu Shamshi-ilu, were subjected to <a href="/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae">damnatio memoriae</a>, with their names being deliberately erased from inscriptions and documents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> With these reforms, the power of the magnates to challenge the king was virtually eliminated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring2020142-46">[43]</a> Tiglath-Pileser revitalized the Assyrian army, transforming it from a seasonally active army, only assembled in the summer months, consisting only of conscripts, into a professional army. Under Tiglath-Pileser these conscripts were largely replaced with trained specialized soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> He introduced new and superior weapons, technologies and logistics. Among his major innovations were new forms of <a href="/wiki/Siege_engine" title="Siege engine">siege engines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006153-47">[44]</a> The central standing army introduced under Tiglath-Pileser was dubbed the kiṣir šarri ("king's unit").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalley2017526,_528-48">[45]</a> The size of the army was further increased throughout Tiglath-Pileser's reign through the recruitment of soldiers from the various lands the Assyrians conquered and through the recruitment of mercenaries from <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. Though Tiglath-Pileser's conquests generated a massive amount of revenue, he appears to have invested little of it into the Assyrian heartland itself; the only known building work conducted by him was a new palace in Nimrud. Instead, most of the money probably went into establishing the new army and into projects in the provinces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> Tiglath-Pileser's conquests were marked by brutality, to emphasize the king's strength and power.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Resettlement_policy_of_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire">Resettlements</a> of tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of people were also a common practice. Though previous kings had resettled people, Tiglath-Pileser's reign saw the beginning of frequent mass deportations, a policy which continued under his successors. There were two intended goals of this policy: firstly to reduce the local identities in conquered regions, to counteract the risk of revolt, and secondly to recruit and move laborers to where the Assyrian kings needed them, such as underdeveloped and underutilized provinces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> Though the Assyrian resettlements were probably devastating both for the resettled people and the regions they came from,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177–178-50">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2017212-51">[48]</a> resettled people were not harmed or killed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177–178-50">[47]</a> Deportees were highly valued for their labor and abilities. Their journeys and new settlements were designed to be as safe and comfortable as possible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2017210-52">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wars_and_conquests">Wars and conquests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wars and conquests">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_campaigns">Early campaigns</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Early campaigns">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiglath-Pileser_III_before_the_citadel_of_Turushpa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tiglath-Pileser_III_before_the_citadel_of_Turushpa.png/300px-Tiglath-Pileser_III_before_the_citadel_of_Turushpa.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tiglath-Pileser_III_before_the_citadel_of_Turushpa.png/450px-Tiglath-Pileser_III_before_the_citadel_of_Turushpa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tiglath-Pileser_III_before_the_citadel_of_Turushpa.png/600px-Tiglath-Pileser_III_before_the_citadel_of_Turushpa.png 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="783" /></a><figcaption>20th-century illustration of Tiglath-Pileser in 743 BC outside <a href="/wiki/Tushpa" title="Tushpa">Tushpa</a>, the capital of Urartu</figcaption></figure> In addition to his reforms, Tiglath-Pileser's reign is marked by a series of large-scale military campaigns in all directions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> Though Tiglath-Pileser recorded his military exploits in great detail in his "annals", written on sculpted stone slabs decorating his palace in Nimrud, these are poorly preserved,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017176-30">[27]</a> meaning that for several of his campaigns it is only possible to produce a broad outline.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOded197442-53">[50]</a> Tiglath-Pileser's first campaign was conducted already in 744, when he assaulted Babylonian lands on the east side of the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> river.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> This conflict was resolved swiftly, with the Assyro-Babylonian border shifted in Tiglath-Pileser's favor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> In 743, Tiglath-Pileser campaigned in the region around the Zagros Mountains, where he created the two new provinces Bit‐Ḫamban and Parsua.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> The new Zagros provinces were founded along a highly important trade route, the predecessor of the later <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> The Assyrian successes in 744 and 743 demonstrated to the empire's neighbors that the time of Assyrian stagnation was over.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> Tiglath-Pileser's success inspired <a href="/wiki/Iranzu" title="Iranzu">Iranzu</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Mannaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannaeans">Mannaeans</a>, a people who lived in northwestern Iran, to personally meet with Tiglath-Pileser in 744 and forge an alliance. Iranzu's predecessors had usually maintained their kingdom's independence through changing allegiance between Urartu and Assyria, but Iranzu made a firm choice to side with Assyria and Tiglath-Pileser eagerly accepted the alliance since Iranzu's realm was ideally placed to protect Assyria from Urartian raids.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuchs2017b262-54">[51]</a> These developments worried Sarduri II of Urartu, who intensified his efforts to oppose and overtake Assyrian hegemony. Later in 743, Sarduri arrived at the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> river border of Assyria with his army,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> his forces bolstered by troops sent by various kingdoms and states in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270-55">[52]</a> In the same year, Tiglath-Pileser engaged Sarduri in battle near Arpad. Unlike the Assyrian defeat by Arpad eleven years earlier, Tiglath-Pileser won the battle,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> one of the greatest triumphs of his reign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> Sarduri was forced to flee the battle and was pursued back to the Urartian capital of <a href="/wiki/Tushpa" title="Tushpa">Tushpa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conquest_of_the_Levant">Conquest of the Levant</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conquest of the Levant">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assyrian_Relief_Attack_on_Enemy_Town_from_Kalhu_(Nimrud)_Central_Palace_reign_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_British_Museum_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Assyrian_Relief_Attack_on_Enemy_Town_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_reign_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_British_Museum_-_2.jpg/300px-Assyrian_Relief_Attack_on_Enemy_Town_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_reign_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_British_Museum_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Assyrian_Relief_Attack_on_Enemy_Town_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_reign_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_British_Museum_-_2.jpg/450px-Assyrian_Relief_Attack_on_Enemy_Town_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_reign_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_British_Museum_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Assyrian_Relief_Attack_on_Enemy_Town_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_reign_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_British_Museum_-_2.jpg/600px-Assyrian_Relief_Attack_on_Enemy_Town_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_reign_of_Tiglath-pileser_III_British_Museum_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7897" data-file-height="4132" /></a><figcaption>A relief from Tiglath-Pileser's palace in Nimrud, depicting the Assyrians besieging a town</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assyrian_Relief_depicting_Battle_with_Camel_Rider_from_Kalhu_(Nimrud)_Central_Palace_Tiglath_pileser_III_728_BCE_British_Museum_AG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Assyrian_Relief_depicting_Battle_with_Camel_Rider_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_Tiglath_pileser_III_728_BCE_British_Museum_AG.jpg/300px-Assyrian_Relief_depicting_Battle_with_Camel_Rider_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_Tiglath_pileser_III_728_BCE_British_Museum_AG.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Assyrian_Relief_depicting_Battle_with_Camel_Rider_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_Tiglath_pileser_III_728_BCE_British_Museum_AG.jpg/450px-Assyrian_Relief_depicting_Battle_with_Camel_Rider_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_Tiglath_pileser_III_728_BCE_British_Museum_AG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Assyrian_Relief_depicting_Battle_with_Camel_Rider_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_Tiglath_pileser_III_728_BCE_British_Museum_AG.jpg/600px-Assyrian_Relief_depicting_Battle_with_Camel_Rider_from_Kalhu_%28Nimrud%29_Central_Palace_Tiglath_pileser_III_728_BCE_British_Museum_AG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6917" data-file-height="4753" /></a><figcaption>Relief from Tiglath-Pileser's palace in Nimrud depicting Assyrian riders pursuing a camel rider</figcaption></figure> In the period from 743 to 732, Tiglath-Pileser led several campaigns in the Levant, which led to a great annexation of territory and the loss of independence of numerous ancient states in the region.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270-55">[52]</a> After defeating Sarduri, Tiglath-Pileser resolved to conquer Arpad itself, both because of the city's strategic value<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> and in order to punish the city for providing Sarduri access to the Assyrian frontier.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> After three campaigns over the course of three years and a lengthy siege, Arpad was captured in 740.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> During the fighting, Arpad was assisted by both Urartian troops and by troops sent by other cities and minor states in Syria. After the city was captured, the Assyrian army did not simply plunder it and then leave, as they had dealt with cities in Syria in previous times. Instead, the lands controlled by Arpad were converted into two provinces and annexed into the Neo-Assyrian Empire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> After his victory at Arpad, Tiglath-Pileser received tribute from the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Syro-Hittite</a> kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Gurgum" title="Gurgum">Gurgum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kummuh" title="Kummuh">Kummuh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carchemish" title="Carchemish">Carchemish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quw%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Quwê">Quwê</a>, some of which had previously sent forces to aid Sarduri, as well as from the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arameans" title="Arameans">Aramean</a> kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Aram-Damascus" title="Aram-Damascus">Aram-Damascus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270-55">[52]</a> The annexation of Arpad put rulers throughout the Levant on the alert.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270-55">[52]</a> In the period of Assyrian stagnation, many of the Levantine states had aspired to expand and become large kingdoms in their own right, something the Assyrians might have perceived as an anti-Assyrian activity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006154–155-56">[53]</a> In 738, Tiglath-Pileser continued his efforts in Syria, conquering some lands to the south of Arpad and establishing the three new provinces of Kullania, Ḫatarikka, and Ṣimirra. These lands had been under the rule of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a>, which he accused of plotting against him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270-55">[52]</a> The strategy employed by Tiglath-Pileser in his successful conquest of the Levant was carefully thought out and prepared. Instead of attacking the strongholds of the larger states, he first subdued smaller kingdoms through fast and wide-ranging attacks. The early conquests brought coastal and flat lands under his rule, which meant that Assyrian troops in the later campaigns could march through the region fast and efficiently.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006161–162-57">[54]</a> During the campaign against Hama, Tiglath-Pileser conquered and annexed the Syro-Hittite kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Pattin" title="Pattin">Pattin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> Hama was spared full annexation, with the kingdom being allowed to remain somewhat independent as a vassal state. The victory inspired more states in the region to pay tribute to the Assyrians, including the Phoenician city of <a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a> and various states in eastern <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> tribes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270-55">[52]</a> Israel and Damascus had sent aid to Hama during the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> The Anatolian realms who began paying tribute to Assyria, five kingdoms in total, probably did so not out of fear of Assyrian conquest but rather in the hope of Assyrian aid against the expansionist kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a>, which threatened their existence. The Anatolians at times tried to play Assyria and Phrygia against each other, with disastrous consequences. In 730, Tiglath-Pileser attacked and removed king <a href="/wiki/Wasusarma" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasusarma">Wasusarma</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tabal_(state)" title="Tabal (state)">Tabal</a> from power after he stopped paying tribute, writing in his annals that Wasusarma "acted as if he were the equal of Assyria".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuchs2017254-58">[55]</a> Tiglath-Pileser marched on the Levant for the fifth time in 734, reaching as far south as the border of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270-55">[52]</a> This campaign resulted in the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> and the submission of numerous states, effectively bringing the entire Levant under direct or indirect Assyrian rule;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270–271-59">[56]</a> Assyria and Egypt shared a border for the first time in history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElat197820-60">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Asqaluna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a>, and the Mu’na Arab tribe, all began paying tribute to Tiglath-Pileser.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270-55">[52]</a> By extending his control throughout the Levant, Tiglath-Pileser formed a semi-circle of control around Israel and Aram-Damascus and cut them off from Egypt, which had at times offered support to the Levantine states. The Assyrian efforts resulted in Aram-Damascus becoming both geopolitically isolated and without a large enough food supply to feed its people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006162–163-61">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capture_of_Damascus_by_Tiglath-Pileser_III.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Capture_of_Damascus_by_Tiglath-Pileser_III.png/300px-Capture_of_Damascus_by_Tiglath-Pileser_III.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Capture_of_Damascus_by_Tiglath-Pileser_III.png/450px-Capture_of_Damascus_by_Tiglath-Pileser_III.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Capture_of_Damascus_by_Tiglath-Pileser_III.png/600px-Capture_of_Damascus_by_Tiglath-Pileser_III.png 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="829" /></a><figcaption>A 20th-century illustration of Tiglath-Pileser's 732 BC capture of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></figcaption></figure> In 733, Tiglath-Pileser resolved to cement his conquest. In this year, he again campaigned against Aram-Damascus, still the strongest remaining native state in the region, which was supported by the Assyrian tributaries <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Asqaluna</a>, as well as Israel. In 732, <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> fell and Tiglath-Pileser annexed the lands of Aram-Damascus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270-55">[52]</a> In the same conflict, Tiglath-Pileser also captured Tyre<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006163-62">[59]</a> and defeated Israel, which he divided in half, annexing the northern portion of the kingdom as the province <a href="/wiki/Megiddo,_Israel" title="Megiddo, Israel">Megiddo</a> and subjugating the southern portion as a vassal kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> The weakening and enormous reduction in size of Israel was seen by the Israelites as vindicating predictions of impending doom made by the prophet <a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a> a few decades prior.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> The massive western expansion of Assyria brought Tiglath-Pileser and his armies into direct contact with Arab tribes, several of whom began paying tribute. In 733, Tiglath-Pileser campaigned against the <a href="/wiki/Qedarites" title="Qedarites">Qedarites</a> to the south of Damascus, hoping to consolidate his control of southern Syria.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017b300–301-63">[60]</a> The surprise attack caught the Qedarite queen <a href="/wiki/Samsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsi">Samsi</a> off-guard and the Qedarites were easily defeated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006162-64">[61]</a> Though Tiglath-Pileser was victorious, he realized that he would not be able to effectively govern the territories ruled by the Qedarites and thus allowed Samsi to remain in control of her domain, though under the supervision of an Assyrian official to guide her political actions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017b300–301-63">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conquest_of_Babylonia">Conquest of Babylonia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Conquest of Babylonia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiglath-Pileser_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Tiglath-Pileser_map.png/300px-Tiglath-Pileser_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Tiglath-Pileser_map.png/450px-Tiglath-Pileser_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Tiglath-Pileser_map.png/600px-Tiglath-Pileser_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="1351" /></a><figcaption>A map of the Neo-Assyrian Empire before (purple) and after (purple and blue) Tiglath-Pileser's reign<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017179-65">[62]</a></figcaption></figure> In his late reign, Tiglath-Pileser increasingly focused on Babylonia in the south.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a> Babylonia had once been a large and hugely influential kingdom, competing with Assyria for centuries,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2014209-67">[64]</a> but during the Neo-Assyrian period it was typically weaker than its northern neighbor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkman197389-68">[65]</a> Babylonia suffered from both the lack of a well-organized army and from internal ethno-cultural divisions. Babylonians governed most of the prominent southern cities, such as <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kish_(Sumer)" title="Kish (Sumer)">Kish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borsippa" title="Borsippa">Borsippa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a>, but were not the only prominent group in the region. <a href="/wiki/Chaldea" title="Chaldea">Chaldean</a> tribes, led by chieftains who often squabbled with each other, dominated most of the southernmost land. Arameans also lived on the fringes of settled land and were notorious for plundering surrounding territories.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkman197389–90-69">[66]</a> Through his agents, Tiglath-Pileser throughout his reign kept tabs on events in the south.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a> In 731, the Chaldean chieftain <a href="/wiki/Nabu-mukin-zeri" title="Nabu-mukin-zeri">Nabu-mukin-zeri</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Bit-Amukkani" title="Bit-Amukkani">Bit-Amukkani</a> tribe, seized power in Babylon as king.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018196-70">[67]</a> Tiglath-Pileser saw the accession of Nabu-mukin-zeri, who aspired to heal the divides in Babylonia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> as a provocation and threat to Assyrian interests and hegemony.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a> Tiglath-Pileser thus dedicated the next several years to defeating Nabu-mukin-zeri and his supporters. First, Assyrian armies blockaded Babylonia's eastern border to ensure that Nabu-mukin-zeri would not receive any support from <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a>, which was often opposed to Assyrian interests. Then, Tiglath-Pileser defeated and subdued a number of Aramean clans and Chaldean tribes, including the Bit-Shilani and the Bit-Sha'alli.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018196-70">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britishmuseumassyrianreliefhorsemannimrud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Britishmuseumassyrianreliefhorsemannimrud.jpg/220px-Britishmuseumassyrianreliefhorsemannimrud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Britishmuseumassyrianreliefhorsemannimrud.jpg/330px-Britishmuseumassyrianreliefhorsemannimrud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Britishmuseumassyrianreliefhorsemannimrud.jpg/440px-Britishmuseumassyrianreliefhorsemannimrud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="2646" /></a><figcaption>Relief from Tiglath-Pileser's palace in Nimrud depicting an Assyrian horseman</figcaption></figure> The struggle for control of Babylonia began in earnest in 730. In this year, Assyrian envoys are recorded travelling to Babylon and urging the inhabitants to open their gates and surrender to Tiglath-Pileser, stating that the king would grant them amnesty and tax privileges. The Babylonians refused the offer. Nabu-mukin-zeri was not in Babylon at this time and was instead probably directing the Babylonian war effort from his ancestral home city of Sapia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018196–197-71">[68]</a> In 729, Tiglath-Pileser captured Babylon and proclaimed himself as both king of Assyria and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Babylon">king of Babylon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a> the first Assyrian king to be recognized as such by the Babylonians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197-31">[28]</a> Nabu-mukin-zeri lost Sapia in the same year but appears to have continued to resist Tiglath-Pileser until 728 since there are some documents ascribed to his fourth regnal year. As the new king, Tiglath-Pileser received tribute from the most powerful Chaldean tribes, the Bit-Dakkuri and <a href="/wiki/Bit_Yakin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit Yakin">Bit-Yakin</a>. The Bit-Yakin at this time was under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_II" title="Marduk-apla-iddina II">Marduk-apla-iddina II</a>, who in the years following Tiglath-Pileser's reign would emerge as a staunch adversary of Assyria.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197-31">[28]</a> Unlike many other Assyrian conquests, Babylonia was not divided into provinces but kept as a full kingdom, in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> with Assyria. This was chiefly because the Assyrians greatly respected Babylonian culture and religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018198-72">[69]</a> Because of this respect and because Babylonia was showing signs of the beginning of an economic recovery, Tiglath-Pileser worked to conciliate the populace to the idea of Assyrian overlordship. He twice participated in the religiously important New Years' <a href="/wiki/Akitu" title="Akitu">Akitu</a> festival, which required the presence of the king, and also led campaigns against remaining Chaldean strongholds in the far south who resisted his rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_succession">Family and succession</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Family and succession">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funerary_stone_tablet_of_the_Assyrian_Queen_Yaba,_wife_of_King_Tiglath-pileser_III._From_Nimrud,_Iraq._Iraq_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Funerary_stone_tablet_of_the_Assyrian_Queen_Yaba%2C_wife_of_King_Tiglath-pileser_III._From_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._Iraq_Museum.jpg/220px-Funerary_stone_tablet_of_the_Assyrian_Queen_Yaba%2C_wife_of_King_Tiglath-pileser_III._From_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._Iraq_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Funerary_stone_tablet_of_the_Assyrian_Queen_Yaba%2C_wife_of_King_Tiglath-pileser_III._From_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._Iraq_Museum.jpg/330px-Funerary_stone_tablet_of_the_Assyrian_Queen_Yaba%2C_wife_of_King_Tiglath-pileser_III._From_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._Iraq_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Funerary_stone_tablet_of_the_Assyrian_Queen_Yaba%2C_wife_of_King_Tiglath-pileser_III._From_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._Iraq_Museum.jpg/440px-Funerary_stone_tablet_of_the_Assyrian_Queen_Yaba%2C_wife_of_King_Tiglath-pileser_III._From_Nimrud%2C_Iraq._Iraq_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2639" data-file-height="2397" /></a><figcaption>A funerary stone tablet of <a href="/wiki/Iaba,_Banitu_and_Atalia" title="Iaba, Banitu and Atalia">Iaba</a>, Tiglath-Pileser's queen, from Nimrud</figcaption></figure> Tiglath-Pileser's queen was named <a href="/wiki/Iaba,_Banitu_and_Atalia" title="Iaba, Banitu and Atalia">Iaba</a> (Iabâ), a name clearly not of Akkadian origin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393-73">[70]</a> Possible roots and etymologies of the name include yph ("beautiful"), nby ("to name") and yhb ("to give");<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393-73">[70]</a> Iaba might have been of Arab<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393-73">[70]</a> or <a href="/wiki/West_Semitic_languages" title="West Semitic languages">West Semitic</a> (Levantine<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollon2010149-74">[71]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arameans" title="Arameans">Aramean</a>) descent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKertai2013114-75">[72]</a> In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Dalley" title="Stephanie Dalley">Stephanie Dalley</a> proposed that Iaba was of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> origin<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393-73">[70]</a> and speculated that she might have been a princess from the Kingdom of Judah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELawson_Younger2002207-76">[73]</a> She based this argument on the name <a href="/wiki/Iaba,_Banitu_and_Atalia" title="Iaba, Banitu and Atalia">Atalia</a>, a later queen speculated to have been related to Iaba, being similar to the name <a href="/wiki/Athaliah" title="Athaliah">Athaliah</a>, borne by a Judean queen who ruled about a century earlier, and that the ending of the name Atalia (i-a or ia-a) could represent a <a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">theophoric</a> element deriving from <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>. Dalley's arguments have met with both support and opposition. The idea that the names Iaba and Atalia were Hebrew has also been independently forwarded by <a href="/wiki/Simo_Parpola" title="Simo Parpola">Simo Parpola</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393-73">[70]</a> In 2002, K. Lawson Younger pointed out that it was far from certain that i-a or ia-a actually corresponded to Yahweh since there are few analogues in other Neo-Assyrian names and inscriptions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELawson_Younger2002217–218-77">[74]</a> The identification of Atalia as a Hebrew name was also doubted by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Postgate_(academic)" title="Nicholas Postgate (academic)">Nicholas Postgate</a> in 2008, and in that year Ran Zadok alternatively suggested that Atalia was an Arabic name.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393-73">[70]</a> Iaba's tomb was discovered at Nimrud in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamerji200881-78">[75]</a> Tiglath-Pileser is believed to have died peacefully of old age. He was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> In Tiglath-Pileser's reign, Shalmaneser was known by his birth name Ululayu, "Shalmaneser" being a regnal name he assumed upon his accession to the throne in 727. Shalmaneser likely participated in some of his father's campaigns and several letters are known from him to his father, many of them reports on the status of the lands he governed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017397–400-79">[76]</a> Shalmaneser was replaced as king after only a few years by <a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a>, probably through being deposed and assassinated. Though Assyrian king lists connected Sargon to previous kings through claiming that he was the son of Tiglath-Pileser, this claim does not appear in most of his inscriptions, which instead stress that he was called upon and appointed as king by Ashur.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2011365–367-80">[77]</a> Many historians accept Sargon's claim to have been a son of Tiglath-Pileser, but do not believe him to have been the legitimate heir to the throne as the next-in-line after the end of Shalmaneser's reign, i.e. assuming Shalmaneser had children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECogan2017154-81">[78]</a> Even then, his claim to have been Tiglath-Pileser's son is generally treated with more caution than Tiglath-Pileser's own claims of royal ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChen2020201-82">[79]</a> Some Assyriologists, such as J. A. Brinkman, believe that Sargon, at the very least, did not belong to the direct dynastic lineage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarelli199146-17">[14]</a> If Tiglath-Pileser was Sargon's father, he also had a third son, <a href="/wiki/Sin-ahu-usur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-ahu-usur">Sin-ahu-usur</a>. Sin-ahu-usur is attested as the younger brother of Sargon, in 714 granted the command of Sargon's royal cavalry guard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElayi201728-83">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiglath-Pileser_III_Nimrud_Louvre_AO19853.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tiglath-Pileser_III_Nimrud_Louvre_AO19853.jpg/180px-Tiglath-Pileser_III_Nimrud_Louvre_AO19853.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tiglath-Pileser_III_Nimrud_Louvre_AO19853.jpg/270px-Tiglath-Pileser_III_Nimrud_Louvre_AO19853.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tiglath-Pileser_III_Nimrud_Louvre_AO19853.jpg/360px-Tiglath-Pileser_III_Nimrud_Louvre_AO19853.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1510" /></a><figcaption>A relief from <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a> depicting Tiglath-Pileser</figcaption></figure> The Assyriologist <a href="/wiki/Hayim_Tadmor" title="Hayim Tadmor">Hayim Tadmor</a> referred to Tiglath-Pileser's reign as a "watershed" in the history of the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006153-47">[44]</a> Tiglath-Pileser left a legacy of enormous historical significance. His reign is generally seen as marking the beginning of an entirely new age of Assyrian imperialism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017176-30">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006153-47">[44]</a> As the earliest Assyrian king to be mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and in the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Chronicles" title="Babylonian Chronicles">Babylonian Chronicles</a>, Tiglath-Pileser is the first Assyrian king for whom there exist outside perspectives and accounts of his reign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">[42]</a> All Mesopotamian history prior to Tiglath-Pileser is ignored in the Hebrew Bible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a> The Bible records both Tiglath-Pileser's impact on the Kingdom of Israel (<a href="/wiki/2_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Kings">2 Kings</a> 15,29–31) and the events of his reign from the perspective of the southern Kingdom of Judah (<a href="/wiki/2_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Kings">2 Kings</a> 15,32–16,20, <a href="/wiki/2_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Chronicles">2 Chronicles</a> 27,1–28,27, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, 7,1–25).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006154-84">[81]</a> Tiglath-Pileser greatly expanded Assyrian territory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> By the time of his death, Tiglath-Pileser had more than doubled the amount of land ruled by the Neo-Assyrian Empire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a> His method of introducing direct Assyrian rule to foreign lands, dividing them into Assyrian provinces rather than creating vassal kingdoms, significantly altered the economy of the Assyrian state. Whereas the Assyrians had previously relied on tribute from vassals, from Tiglath-Pileser's time they became increasingly dependent on taxes collected by provincial governors. This approach increased administrative costs but also reduced the risk of uprisings against Assyrian rule and reduced the need for military intervention.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a> Several Assyriologists consider Assyria to only truly have transitioned into an "<a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">empire</a>" in a strict sense during the reign of Tiglath-Pileser,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197-31">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring2020137-85">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOded197438-86">[83]</a> owing to its unprecedented size, multi-ethnic and multi-lingual character and the new mechanisms of economic and political control.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a> The supremacy attained by Assyria under Tiglath-Pileser is frequently seen as turning the Neo-Assyrian Empire into the first <a href="/wiki/World_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="World empire">world empire</a> in history;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOded197438-86">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring2020133-87">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiverani2017536-88">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017161-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElayi20172-90">[87]</a> i.e. an imperial state without any competitors,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring2020144-37">[34]</a> ruling most of the world as known to the Assyrians themselves.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiverani2017536-88">[85]</a> The Assyrian Empire served as the model for later empires in the Middle East and elsewhere, chiefly because of the imperial innovations of Tiglath-Pileser.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">[63]</a> Through the concept of <a href="/wiki/Translatio_imperii" title="Translatio imperii">translatio imperii</a> (transfer of empire) the claim to world domination forwarded by the Neo-Assyrian kings gave rise to similar claims in later Middle Eastern empires, notably the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>, which facilitated the rise of aspirations for universal rule in numerous later kingdoms and empires.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiverani2017534–535-91">[88]</a> The Assyrian resettlement policy which intensified under Tiglath-Pileser and continued under his successors had large-scale consequences. First and foremost, it led to significant improvements in irrigation in the provinces, owing to deportees being tasked to introduce Assyrian-developed agricultural techniques to their new communities, and to an increase in prosperity across the empire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2017210-52">[49]</a> In the long term, the movement of peoples from across the empire changed the cultural and ethnic makeup of the Middle East forever and in time led to the rise of <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a> as the region's lingua franca,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177–178-50">[47]</a> a position the language retained until the 14th century AD.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiloni201737-92">[89]</a> Aramaic was the most widely spoken and mutually understandable of the empire's <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic languages</a>, the group to which many of the languages in the empire belonged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2021147-93">[90]</a> Already in Tiglath-Pileser's reign, Aramaic became an official language in the empire, indicated by reliefs from his time depicting the king using both Aramaic and Akkadian <a href="/wiki/Scribe" title="Scribe">scribes</a> to record messages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2021149-94">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuukkoVan_Buylaere2017319-95">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles">Titles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Titles">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_royal_titulary" title="Akkadian royal titulary">Akkadian royal titulary</a></div>In an inscription from Nimrud recounting some of the activities of his reign, Tiglath-Pileser claimed the following titles:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuckenbill1926280-96">[93]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Tiglath-Pileser, the <a href="/wiki/Great_king" title="Great king">great king</a>, the mighty king, <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Universe" title="King of the Universe">king of the universe</a>, king of Assyria, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sumer_and_Akkad" title="King of Sumer and Akkad">king of Sumer and Akkad</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Four_Corners_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Four Corners of the World">king of the four corners of the world</a>; who is attentive to the lifting of the eyes of <a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a>, the king who from the rising sun to the setting thereof has scattered all of his foes to the wind(s) and has maintained (his) sway; who subdues the peoples of the upper and lower land(s), who ousts their rulers and installs his (own) officials.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuckenbill1926280-96">[93]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings" title="List of Assyrian kings">List of Assyrian kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire">Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Stele" title="Iran Stele">Iran Stele</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> This estimate assumes Tiglath-Pileser was <a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_III" title="Adad-nirari III">Adad-nirari III</a>'s son.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017390-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Sometimes alternatively spelled Tiglatpileser III.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> A handful of older sources erroneously number him as Tiglath-Pileser IV.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbright1949163-4">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Ešarra was a temple; the "son of Ešarra" refers to the god <a href="/wiki/Ninurta" title="Ninurta">Ninurta</a>, at this point in time viewed as the son of the Assyrian national deity <a href="/wiki/Ashur_(god)" title="Ashur (god)">Ashur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">[2]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017390-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017390_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017390_1-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFYamadaYamada2017">Yamada & Yamada 2017</a>, p. 390. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2012-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2012_3-30">ae</a> <a href="#CITEREFRadner2012">Radner 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbright1949163-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbright1949163_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlbright1949">Albright 1949</a>, p. 163. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017391-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017391_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017391_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFYamadaYamada2017">Yamada & Yamada 2017</a>, p. 391. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199453-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199453_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZawadzki1994">Zawadzki 1994</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport201636_9-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavenport2016">Davenport 2016</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner201647-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner201647_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner201647_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner201647_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner201647_10-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFRadner2016">Radner 2016</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChen2020200–201-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChen2020200–201_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChen2020200–201_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFChen2020">Chen 2020</a>, pp. 200–201. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkman1968406-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrinkman1968406_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrinkman1968">Brinkman 1968</a>, p. 406. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrayson198173-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrayson198173_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrayson1981">Grayson 1981</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199454-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199454_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZawadzki1994">Zawadzki 1994</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2011367-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2011367_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFParker2011">Parker 2011</a>, p. 367. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamada2003270-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamada2003270_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYamada2003">Yamada 2003</a>, p. 270. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarelli199146-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarelli199146_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarelli199146_17-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarelli1991">Garelli 1991</a>, p. 46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201641-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport201641_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavenport2016">Davenport 2016</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199455-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199455_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZawadzki199455_19-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFZawadzki1994">Zawadzki 1994</a>, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarelli199148-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarelli199148_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarelli1991">Garelli 1991</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport201637–41-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport201637–41_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport201637–41_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport201637–41_21-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavenport2016">Davenport 2016</a>, pp. 37–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobsPrice1906145-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobsPrice1906145_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobsPrice1906145_22-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFJacobsPrice1906">Jacobs & Price 1906</a>, p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrame1992303–304-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrame1992303–304_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrame1992303–304_23-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrame1992">Frame 1992</a>, pp. 303–304. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertin189149-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertin189149_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBertin1891">Bertin 1891</a>, p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017388-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017388_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYamadaYamada2017">Yamada & Yamada 2017</a>, p. 388. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrame1992194-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrame1992194_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrame1992">Frame 1992</a>, p. 194. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hittitemonuments.com/incirli/">(2018) İncirli Stele.</a> hittitemonuments.com </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kaufman, Steve (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41060049">"The Phoenician Inscription of the Incirli Trilingual: A Tentative Reconstruction and Translation"</a>. MAARAV. 14 (2): 7–26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2FMAR200714202">10.1086/MAR200714202</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:257837087">257837087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MAARAV&rft.atitle=The+Phoenician+Inscription+of+the+Incirli+Trilingual%3A+A+Tentative+Reconstruction+and+Translation&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=7-26&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2FMAR200714202&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A257837087%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41060049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balshanut.wordpress.com/2009/01/26/kaufman-stephen-a-the-phoenician-inscription-of-the-incirli-trilingual-a-tentative-reconstruction-and-translation-maarav-1422007-7-26/">(2009) Short version of the Incirli Trilingual text.</a> balshanut.wordpress.com </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017176-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017176_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017176_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017176_30-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, p. 176. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197_31-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018197_31-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaulieu2018">Beaulieu 2018</a>, p. 197. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Gerard Gertoux 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.science/hal-03207471v2/document">Assyrian and biblical chronologies are they reliable? (revised 2023)</a> 61 pages - hal.science </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring202043-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDüring202043_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDüring2020">Düring 2020</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring202046-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDüring202046_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDüring2020">Düring 2020</a>, p. 46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017167-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017167_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017167_35-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, p. 167. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrillRookerGrisanti201130-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrillRookerGrisanti201130_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMerrillRookerGrisanti2011">Merrill, Rooker & Grisanti 2011</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring2020144-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDüring2020144_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDüring2020144_37-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDüring2020">Düring 2020</a>, p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017167,_169-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017167,_169_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, pp. 167, 169. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017172-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017172_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017172_39-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, p. 172. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017170–171-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017170–171_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, pp. 170–171. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017171-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017171_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, p. 171. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017173-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017173_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017175-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017175_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, p. 175. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrayson1982277–278-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrayson1982277–278_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrayson1982">Grayson 1982</a>, pp. 277–278. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177_45-13">n</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring2020142-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDüring2020142_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDüring2020">Düring 2020</a>, p. 142. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006153-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006153_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006153_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006153_47-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFDubovský2006">Dubovský 2006</a>, p. 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalley2017526,_528-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalley2017526,_528_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDalley2017">Dalley 2017</a>, pp. 526, 528. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport2014" class="citation journal cs1">Davenport, T.L. (August 1, 2014). "Situation and Organisation: The Empire Building of Tiglath-pileser III (745-728 BC)". The University of Sydney: 126. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159717852">159717852</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Sydney&rft.atitle=Situation+and+Organisation%3A+The+Empire+Building+of+Tiglath-pileser+III+%28745-728+BC%29&rft.pages=126&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159717852%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=T.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177–178-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177–178_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177–178_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017177–178_50-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, pp. 177–178. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2017212-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2017212_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRadner2017">Radner 2017</a>, p. 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2017210-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2017210_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2017210_52-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRadner2017">Radner 2017</a>, p. 210. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOded197442-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOded197442_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOded1974">Oded 1974</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuchs2017b262-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuchs2017b262_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFuchs2017b">Fuchs 2017b</a>, p. 262. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270_55-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270_55-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270_55-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270_55-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270_55-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270_55-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270_55-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFBagg2017">Bagg 2017</a>, p. 270. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006154–155-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006154–155_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDubovský2006">Dubovský 2006</a>, pp. 154–155. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006161–162-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006161–162_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDubovský2006">Dubovský 2006</a>, pp. 161–162. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuchs2017254-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuchs2017254_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFuchs2017">Fuchs 2017</a>, p. 254. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270–271-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagg2017270–271_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBagg2017">Bagg 2017</a>, pp. 270–271. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElat197820-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElat197820_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFElat1978">Elat 1978</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006162–163-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006162–163_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDubovský2006">Dubovský 2006</a>, pp. 162–163. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006163-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006163_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDubovský2006">Dubovský 2006</a>, p. 163. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017b300–301-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017b300–301_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017b300–301_63-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017b">Frahm 2017b</a>, pp. 300–301. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006162-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006162_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDubovský2006">Dubovský 2006</a>, p. 162. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017179-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017179_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, p. 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017178_66-11">l</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, p. 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2014209-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2014209_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2014">Frahm 2014</a>, p. 209. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkman197389-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrinkman197389_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrinkman1973">Brinkman 1973</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkman197389–90-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrinkman197389–90_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrinkman1973">Brinkman 1973</a>, pp. 89–90. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018196-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018196_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018196_70-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaulieu2018">Beaulieu 2018</a>, p. 196. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018196–197-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018196–197_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaulieu2018">Beaulieu 2018</a>, pp. 196–197. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018198-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018198_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaulieu2018">Beaulieu 2018</a>, p. 198. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393_73-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393_73-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393_73-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017393_73-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFYamadaYamada2017">Yamada & Yamada 2017</a>, p. 393. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollon2010149-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollon2010149_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCollon2010">Collon 2010</a>, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKertai2013114-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKertai2013114_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKertai2013">Kertai 2013</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELawson_Younger2002207-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawson_Younger2002207_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLawson_Younger2002">Lawson Younger 2002</a>, p. 207. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELawson_Younger2002217–218-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawson_Younger2002217–218_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLawson_Younger2002">Lawson Younger 2002</a>, pp. 217–218. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamerji200881-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamerji200881_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDamerji2008">Damerji 2008</a>, p. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017397–400-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamadaYamada2017397–400_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYamadaYamada2017">Yamada & Yamada 2017</a>, pp. 397–400. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParker2011365–367-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParker2011365–367_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFParker2011">Parker 2011</a>, pp. 365–367. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECogan2017154-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECogan2017154_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCogan2017">Cogan 2017</a>, p. 154. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChen2020201-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChen2020201_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChen2020">Chen 2020</a>, p. 201. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElayi201728-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElayi201728_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFElayi2017">Elayi 2017</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006154-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubovský2006154_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDubovský2006">Dubovský 2006</a>, p. 154. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring2020137-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDüring2020137_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDüring2020">Düring 2020</a>, p. 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOded197438-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOded197438_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOded197438_86-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFOded1974">Oded 1974</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDüring2020133-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDüring2020133_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDüring2020">Düring 2020</a>, p. 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiverani2017536-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiverani2017536_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiverani2017536_88-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiverani2017">Liverani 2017</a>, p. 536. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017161-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrahm2017161_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrahm2017">Frahm 2017</a>, p. 161. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElayi20172-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElayi20172_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFElayi2017">Elayi 2017</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiverani2017534–535-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiverani2017534–535_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiverani2017">Liverani 2017</a>, pp. 534–535. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiloni201737-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiloni201737_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFiloni2017">Filoni 2017</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2021147-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2021147_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRadner2021">Radner 2021</a>, p. 147. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadner2021149-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadner2021149_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRadner2021">Radner 2021</a>, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuukkoVan_Buylaere2017319-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuukkoVan_Buylaere2017319_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLuukkoVan_Buylaere2017">Luukko & Van Buylaere 2017</a>, p. 319. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuckenbill1926280-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuckenbill1926280_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuckenbill1926280_96-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLuckenbill1926">Luckenbill 1926</a>, p. 280. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbright1949" class="citation journal cs1">Albright, W. F. (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/0884c644bff3974ab2da96fdad232ac9/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1819446">"Book Reviews: Thierberger, Frederic, King Solomon"</a>. Jewish Social Studies. 11: 163.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Social+Studies&rft.atitle=Book+Reviews%3A+Thierberger%2C+Frederic%2C+King+Solomon&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=163&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Albright&rft.aufirst=W.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2F0884c644bff3974ab2da96fdad232ac9%2F1%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D1819446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagg2017" class="citation book cs1">Bagg, Ariel M. (2017). "Assyria and the West: Syria and the Levant". In E. Frahm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ">A Companion to Assyria</a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 268–274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118325247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118325247"><bdi>978-1118325247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Assyria+and+the+West%3A+Syria+and+the+Levant&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=268-274&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1118325247&rft.aulast=Bagg&rft.aufirst=Ariel+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhsmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaulieu2018" class="citation book cs1">Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yMhQDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Dynasty+of+E%22&pg=PA12">A History of Babylon, 2200 BC - AD 75</a>. Pondicherry: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405188999" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405188999"><bdi>978-1405188999</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Babylon%2C+2200+BC+-+AD+75&rft.place=Pondicherry&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1405188999&rft.aulast=Beaulieu&rft.aufirst=Paul-Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyMhQDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Dynasty%2Bof%2BE%2522%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertin1891" class="citation journal cs1">Bertin, G. (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1820440">"Babylonian Chronology and History"</a>. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 5: 1–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3678045">10.2307/3678045</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3678045">3678045</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164087631">164087631</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Babylonian+Chronology+and+History&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=1-52&rft.date=1891&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164087631%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3678045%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3678045&rft.aulast=Bertin&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1820440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinkman1968" class="citation book cs1">Brinkman, John Anthony (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZqS5LDtxrcYC">Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia (1158-722 B.C.)</a>. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7653-243-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7653-243-6"><bdi>978-88-7653-243-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17793">17793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+History+of+Post-Kassite+Babylonia+%281158-722+B.C.%29&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Pontificium+Institutum+Biblicum&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17793&rft.isbn=978-88-7653-243-6&rft.aulast=Brinkman&rft.aufirst=John+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZqS5LDtxrcYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinkman1973" class="citation journal cs1">Brinkman, John Anthony (1973). "Sennacherib's Babylonian Problem: An Interpretation". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Cuneiform_Studies" title="Journal of Cuneiform Studies">Journal of Cuneiform Studies</a>. 25 (2): 89–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1359421">10.2307/1359421</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1359421">1359421</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163623620">163623620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cuneiform+Studies&rft.atitle=Sennacherib%27s+Babylonian+Problem%3A+An+Interpretation&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=89-95&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163623620%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1359421%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1359421&rft.aulast=Brinkman&rft.aufirst=John+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen2020" class="citation book cs1">Chen, Fei (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/book/9789004430921/back-1.xml?language=en">"A List of Assyrian Kings"</a>. Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004430921" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004430921"><bdi>978-9004430921</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+List+of+Assyrian+Kings&rft.btitle=Study+on+the+Synchronistic+King+List+from+Ashur&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-9004430921&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2F9789004430921%2Fback-1.xml%3Flanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCogan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Cogan, Mordechai (2017). "Restoring the Empire". Israel Exploration Journal. 67 (2): 151–167. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26740626">26740626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=Restoring+the+Empire&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=151-167&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26740626%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cogan&rft.aufirst=Mordechai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollon2010" class="citation journal cs1">Collon, Dominique (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021088900000619">"Getting it Wrong in Assyria: Some Bracelets from Nimrud"</a>. Iraq. 72: 149–162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021088900000619">10.1017/S0021088900000619</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20779022">20779022</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191932360">191932360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iraq&rft.atitle=Getting+it+Wrong+in+Assyria%3A+Some+Bracelets+from+Nimrud&rft.volume=72&rft.pages=149-162&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191932360%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20779022%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021088900000619&rft.aulast=Collon&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0021088900000619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalley2017" class="citation book cs1">Dalley, Stephanie (2017). "Assyrian Warfare". In E. Frahm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ">A Companion to Assyria</a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 522–533. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118325247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118325247"><bdi>978-1118325247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Assyrian+Warfare&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=522-533&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1118325247&rft.aulast=Dalley&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhsmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamerji2008" class="citation conference cs1">Damerji, Muayyad Said (2008). "An Introduction to the Nimrud Tombs". New Light on Nimrud: Proceedings of the Nimrud Conference 11th–13th March 2002. Nimrud Conference. pp. 81–82. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/276334503">276334503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Nimrud+Tombs&rft.btitle=New+Light+on+Nimrud%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Nimrud+Conference+11th%E2%80%9313th+March+2002&rft.pages=81-82&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F276334503&rft.aulast=Damerji&rft.aufirst=Muayyad+Said&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport2016" class="citation thesis cs1">Davenport, T. L. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/handle/2123/15464/2016_Tracy_Davenport_thesis.pdf?sequence=2">Situation and Organisation: The Empire Building of Tiglath-Pileser III (745-728 BC)</a> (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Sydney.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Situation+and+Organisation%3A+The+Empire+Building+of+Tiglath-Pileser+III+%28745-728+BC%29&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Sydney&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=T.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fses.library.usyd.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2123%2F15464%2F2016_Tracy_Davenport_thesis.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubovský2006" class="citation journal cs1">Dubovský, Peter (2006). "Tiglath-pileser III's Campaigns in 734-732 B.C.: Historical Background of Isa 7; 2 Kgs 15-16 and 2 Chr 27-28". Biblica. 87 (2): 153–170. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42614666">42614666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblica&rft.atitle=Tiglath-pileser+III%27s+Campaigns+in+734-732+B.C.%3A+Historical+Background+of+Isa+7%3B+2+Kgs+15-16+and+2+Chr+27-28&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=153-170&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42614666%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Dubovsk%C3%BD&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDüring2020" class="citation book cs1">Düring, Bleda S. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1NLKDwAAQBAJ">The Imperialisation of Assyria: An Archaeological Approach</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1108478748" title="Special:BookSources/978-1108478748"><bdi>978-1108478748</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperialisation+of+Assyria%3A+An+Archaeological+Approach&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1108478748&rft.aulast=D%C3%BCring&rft.aufirst=Bleda+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1NLKDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElat1978" class="citation journal cs1">Elat, Moshe (1978). "The Economic Relations of the Neo-Assyrian Empire with Egypt". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 98 (1): 20–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F600148">10.2307/600148</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/600148">600148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Relations+of+the+Neo-Assyrian+Empire+with+Egypt&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=20-34&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F600148&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F600148%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Elat&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElayi2017" class="citation book cs1">Elayi, Josette (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TsctDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Sargon+II%22&pg=PP1">Sargon II, King of Assyria</a>. Atlanta: SBL Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1628371772" title="Special:BookSources/978-1628371772"><bdi>978-1628371772</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sargon+II%2C+King+of+Assyria&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.pub=SBL+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1628371772&rft.aulast=Elayi&rft.aufirst=Josette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTsctDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Sargon%2BII%2522%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElayi2022" class="citation book cs1">Elayi, Josette (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wap5EAAAQBAJ">Tiglath-pileser III, Founder of the Assyrian Empire</a>. Atlanta: SBL Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1628374308" title="Special:BookSources/978-1628374308"><bdi>978-1628374308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tiglath-pileser+III%2C+Founder+of+the+Assyrian+Empire&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.pub=SBL+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1628374308&rft.aulast=Elayi&rft.aufirst=Josette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwap5EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiloni2017" class="citation book cs1">Filoni, Fernando (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xp8rDwAAQBAJ">The Church in Iraq</a>. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813229652" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813229652"><bdi>978-0813229652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Church+in+Iraq&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=The+Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0813229652&rft.aulast=Filoni&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXp8rDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrahm2014" class="citation book cs1">Frahm, Eckart (2014). "Family Matters: Psychohistorical Reflections on Sennacherib and His Times". In Kalimi, Isaac; Richardson, Seth (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bF_bAgAAQBAJ">Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem: Story, History and Historiography</a>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004265615" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004265615"><bdi>978-9004265615</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Matters%3A+Psychohistorical+Reflections+on+Sennacherib+and+His+Times&rft.btitle=Sennacherib+at+the+Gates+of+Jerusalem%3A+Story%2C+History+and+Historiography&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9004265615&rft.aulast=Frahm&rft.aufirst=Eckart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbF_bAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrahm2017" class="citation book cs1">Frahm, Eckart (2017). "The Neo-Assyrian Period (ca. 1000–609 BCE)". In E. Frahm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ">A Companion to Assyria</a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 161–208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118325247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118325247"><bdi>978-1118325247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Neo-Assyrian+Period+%28ca.+1000%E2%80%93609+BCE%29&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=161-208&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1118325247&rft.aulast=Frahm&rft.aufirst=Eckart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhsmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrahm2017b" class="citation book cs1">Frahm, Eckart (2017b). "Assyria and the Far South: The Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf". In E. Frahm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ">A Companion to Assyria</a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 299–310. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118325247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118325247"><bdi>978-1118325247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Assyria+and+the+Far+South%3A+The+Arabian+Peninsula+and+the+Persian+Gulf&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=299-310&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1118325247&rft.aulast=Frahm&rft.aufirst=Eckart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhsmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrame1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Grant_Frame" title="Grant Frame">Frame, Grant</a> (2007) [1992]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1915991">Babylonia 689-627 B.C: A Political History</a>. The Netherlands Institute for the Near East. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9062580699" title="Special:BookSources/978-9062580699"><bdi>978-9062580699</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babylonia+689-627+B.C%3A+A+Political+History&rft.pub=The+Netherlands+Institute+for+the+Near+East&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9062580699&rft.aulast=Frame&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1915991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuchs2017" class="citation book cs1">Fuchs, Andreas (2017). "Assyria and the North: Anatolia". In E. Frahm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ">A Companion to Assyria</a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 249–258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118325247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118325247"><bdi>978-1118325247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Assyria+and+the+North%3A+Anatolia&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=249-258&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1118325247&rft.aulast=Fuchs&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhsmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuchs2017b" class="citation book cs1">Fuchs, Andreas (2017). "Assyria and the East: Western Iran and Elam". In E. Frahm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ">A Companion to Assyria</a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 259–267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118325247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118325247"><bdi>978-1118325247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Assyria+and+the+East%3A+Western+Iran+and+Elam&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=259-267&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1118325247&rft.aulast=Fuchs&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhsmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarelli1991" class="citation book cs1">Garelli, Paul (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/sargon/downloads/garelli_fs_tadmor_1991.pdf">"The Achievement of Tiglath-pileser III: Novelty or Continuity?"</a> (PDF). In Cogan, M.; Ephʿal, I. (eds.). Ah, Assyria..., Studies in Assyrian History and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Hayim Tadmor. Jerusalem: Magnes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9654933971" title="Special:BookSources/978-9654933971"><bdi>978-9654933971</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Achievement+of+Tiglath-pileser+III%3A+Novelty+or+Continuity%3F&rft.btitle=Ah%2C+Assyria...%2C+Studies+in+Assyrian+History+and+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Historiography+Presented+to+Hayim+Tadmor&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Magnes&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-9654933971&rft.aulast=Garelli&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fsargon%2Fdownloads%2Fgarelli_fs_tadmor_1991.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrayson1981" class="citation book cs1">Grayson, Albert Kirk (1981). "Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: Literary Characteristics". In Fales, F. M. (ed.). Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: New Horizons in Literary, Ideological, and Historical Analysis. Papers of a Symposium held in Cetona (Siene) June 26-28 1980. Rome: Instituto per l‘Oriente.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Assyrian+Royal+Inscriptions%3A+Literary+Characteristics&rft.btitle=Assyrian+Royal+Inscriptions%3A+New+Horizons+in+Literary%2C+Ideological%2C+and+Historical+Analysis.+Papers+of+a+Symposium+held+in+Cetona+%28Siene%29+June+26-28+1980&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Instituto+per+l%E2%80%98Oriente&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Grayson&rft.aufirst=Albert+Kirk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrayson1982" class="citation book cs1">Grayson, Albert Kirk (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-ancient-history/assyria-ashurdan-ii-to-ashurnirari-v-954745-bc/84301ADF40B1BC99A9865FDFEF816BFA">"Assyria: Ashur-dan II to Ashur-Nirari V (934–745 B.C.)"</a>. In Boardman, John; <a href="/wiki/I._E._S._Edwards" title="I. E. S. Edwards">Edwards, I. E. S.</a>; <a href="/wiki/N._G._L._Hammond" title="N. G. L. Hammond">Hammond, N. G. L.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Sollberger" title="Edmond Sollberger">Sollberger, Edmond</a> (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World, Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC (2nd ed.). Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22496-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22496-9"><bdi>0-521-22496-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Assyria%3A+Ashur-dan+II+to+Ashur-Nirari+V+%28934%E2%80%93745+B.C.%29&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History%3A+Volume+3%2C+Part+1%3A+The+Prehistory+of+the+Balkans%2C+the+Middle+East+and+the+Aegean+World%2C+Tenth+to+Eighth+Centuries+BC&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-521-22496-9&rft.aulast=Grayson&rft.aufirst=Albert+Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fabs%2Fcambridge-ancient-history%2Fassyria-ashurdan-ii-to-ashurnirari-v-954745-bc%2F84301ADF40B1BC99A9865FDFEF816BFA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTadmorYamada2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hayim_Tadmor" title="Hayim Tadmor">Tadmor, Hayim</a>; Yamada, Shigeo (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-royal-inscriptions-of-tiglath-pileser-iii-king-of-assyria-744-727-bc-and-sha">The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III, King Of Assyria (744-727 BC) And Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC), Kings of Assyria</a>. Eisenbrauns.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Inscriptions+of+Tiglath-Pileser+III%2C+King+Of+Assyria+%28744-727+BC%29+And+Shalmaneser+V+%28726-722+BC%29%2C+Kings+of+Assyria&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Tadmor&rft.aufirst=Hayim&rft.au=Yamada%2C+Shigeo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-royal-inscriptions-of-tiglath-pileser-iii-king-of-assyria-744-727-bc-and-sha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsPrice1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Jacobs, Joseph; Price, Ira Maurice (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14393-tiglath-pileser">"TIGLATH-PILESER"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a>. Vol. 12. New York: Funk and Wagnalls. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/460204274">460204274</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=TIGLATH-PILESER&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Funk+and+Wagnalls&rft.date=1906&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F460204274&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Price%2C+Ira+Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F14393-tiglath-pileser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKertai2013" class="citation journal cs1">Kertai, David (2013). "The Queens of the Neo-Assyrian Empire". Altorientalische Forschungen. 40 (1): 108–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1524%2Faof.2013.0006">10.1524/aof.2013.0006</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163392326">163392326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Altorientalische+Forschungen&rft.atitle=The+Queens+of+the+Neo-Assyrian+Empire&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=108-124&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1524%2Faof.2013.0006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163392326%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kertai&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawson_Younger2002" class="citation journal cs1">Lawson Younger, K. (2002). "Yahweh at Ashkelon and Calaḫ? Yahwistic Names in Neo-Assyrian". Vetus Testamentum. 52 (2): 207–218. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156853302760013866">10.1163/156853302760013866</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1585090">1585090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vetus+Testamentum&rft.atitle=Yahweh+at+Ashkelon+and+Cala%E1%B8%AB%3F+Yahwistic+Names+in+Neo-Assyrian&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=207-218&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156853302760013866&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1585090%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lawson+Younger&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiverani2017" class="citation book cs1">Liverani, Mario (2017). "Thoughts on the Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Kingship". In E. Frahm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ">A Companion to Assyria</a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 534–546. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118325247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118325247"><bdi>978-1118325247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thoughts+on+the+Assyrian+Empire+and+Assyrian+Kingship&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=534-546&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1118325247&rft.aulast=Liverani&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhsmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuckenbill1926" class="citation book cs1">Luckenbill, Daniel David (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/publications/misc/ancient-records-assyria-and-babylonia-volume-1-historical-records-assyria">Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia: Volume I: Historical Records of Assyria from the Earliest Times to Sargon</a>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/492663064">492663064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Records+of+Assyria+and+Babylonia%3A+Volume+I%3A+Historical+Records+of+Assyria+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+Sargon&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F492663064&rft.aulast=Luckenbill&rft.aufirst=Daniel+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foi.uchicago.edu%2Fresearch%2Fpublications%2Fmisc%2Fancient-records-assyria-and-babylonia-volume-1-historical-records-assyria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuukkoVan_Buylaere2017" class="citation book cs1">Luukko, Mikko; Van Buylaere, Greta (2017). "Languages and Writing Systems in Assyria". In E. Frahm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ">A Companion to Assyria</a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 313–335. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118325247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118325247"><bdi>978-1118325247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Languages+and+Writing+Systems+in+Assyria&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=313-335&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1118325247&rft.aulast=Luukko&rft.aufirst=Mikko&rft.au=Van+Buylaere%2C+Greta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhsmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrillRookerGrisanti2011" class="citation book cs1">Merrill, Eugene; Rooker, Mark F.; Grisanti, Michael A. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9iq5AwAAQBAJ">The World and the Word: An Introduction to the Old Testament</a>. Nashville, Tennessee: B&H Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0805440317" title="Special:BookSources/978-0805440317"><bdi>978-0805440317</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+and+the+Word%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Old+Testament&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0805440317&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.au=Rooker%2C+Mark+F.&rft.au=Grisanti%2C+Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9iq5AwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOded1974" class="citation journal cs1">Oded, Bustanay (1974). "The Phoenician Cities and the Assyrian Empire in the Time of Tiglath-pileser III". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 90 (1): 38–49. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27930972">27930972</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+des+Deutschen+Pal%C3%A4stina-Vereins&rft.atitle=The+Phoenician+Cities+and+the+Assyrian+Empire+in+the+Time+of+Tiglath-pileser+III&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=38-49&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27930972%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Oded&rft.aufirst=Bustanay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2011" class="citation journal cs1">Parker, Bradley J. (2011). "The Construction and Performance of Kingship in the Neo-Assyrian Empire". Journal of Anthropological Research. 67 (3): 357–386. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3998%2Fjar.0521004.0067.303">10.3998/jar.0521004.0067.303</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41303323">41303323</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145597598">145597598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anthropological+Research&rft.atitle=The+Construction+and+Performance+of+Kingship+in+the+Neo-Assyrian+Empire&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=357-386&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145597598%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41303323%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3998%2Fjar.0521004.0067.303&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Bradley+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadner2012" class="citation web cs1">Radner, Karen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/sargon/essentials/kings/tiglatpileseriii/">"Tiglath-pileser III, king of Assyria (744-727 BC)"</a>. Assyrian empire builders. Retrieved 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assyrian+empire+builders&rft.atitle=Tiglath-pileser+III%2C+king+of+Assyria+%28744-727+BC%29&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Radner&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fsargon%2Fessentials%2Fkings%2Ftiglatpileseriii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadner2016" class="citation book cs1">Radner, Karen (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/28113365">"Revolts in the Assyrian Empire: Succession Wars, Rebellions Against a False King and Independence Movements"</a>. In Collins, John J.; Manning, J. G. (eds.). Revolt and Resistance in the Ancient Classical World and the Near East: In the Crucible of Empire. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004330184" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004330184"><bdi>978-9004330184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Revolts+in+the+Assyrian+Empire%3A+Succession+Wars%2C+Rebellions+Against+a+False+King+and+Independence+Movements&rft.btitle=Revolt+and+Resistance+in+the+Ancient+Classical+World+and+the+Near+East%3A+In+the+Crucible+of+Empire&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-9004330184&rft.aulast=Radner&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F28113365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadner2017" class="citation book cs1">Radner, Karen (2017). "Economy, Society, and Daily Life in the Neo-Assyrian Period". In E. Frahm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ">A Companion to Assyria</a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 209–228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118325247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118325247"><bdi>978-1118325247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Economy%2C+Society%2C+and+Daily+Life+in+the+Neo-Assyrian+Period&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=209-228&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1118325247&rft.aulast=Radner&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhsmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadner2021" class="citation book cs1">Radner, Karen (2021). "Diglossia and the Neo-Assyrian Empire's Akkadian and Aramaic Text Production". In Jonker, Louis C.; Berlejung, Angelika & Cornelius, Izak (eds.). Multilingualism in Ancient Contexts: Perspectives from Ancient Near Eastern and Early Christian Contexts. Stellenbosch: African Sun Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1991201164" title="Special:BookSources/978-1991201164"><bdi>978-1991201164</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Diglossia+and+the+Neo-Assyrian+Empire%E2%80%99s+Akkadian+and+Aramaic+Text+Production&rft.btitle=Multilingualism+in+Ancient+Contexts%3A+Perspectives+from+Ancient+Near+Eastern+and+Early+Christian+Contexts&rft.place=Stellenbosch&rft.pub=African+Sun+Media&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1991201164&rft.aulast=Radner&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYamada2003" class="citation journal cs1">Yamada, Shiego (2003). "Notes on the Genealogical Data of the Assyrian King List". Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies. 27: 265–275. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23629886">23629886</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eretz-Israel%3A+Archaeological%2C+Historical+and+Geographical+Studies&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+Genealogical+Data+of+the+Assyrian+King+List&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=265-275&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23629886%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Yamada&rft.aufirst=Shiego&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYamadaYamada2017" class="citation book cs1">Yamada, Keiko; Yamada, Shiego (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/35496181">"Shalmaneser V and His Era, Revisited"</a>. In Baruchi-Unna, Amitai; Forti, Tova; Aḥituv, Shmuel; Ephʿal, Israel; Tigay, Jeffrey H. (eds.). "Now It Happened in Those Days": Studies in Biblical, Assyrian, and Other Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Mordechai Cogan on His 75th Birthday. Vol. 2. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1575067612" title="Special:BookSources/978-1575067612"><bdi>978-1575067612</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shalmaneser+V+and+His+Era%2C+Revisited&rft.btitle=%22Now+It+Happened+in+Those+Days%22%3A+Studies+in+Biblical%2C+Assyrian%2C+and+Other+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Historiography+Presented+to+Mordechai+Cogan+on+His+75th+Birthday&rft.place=Winona+Lake%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1575067612&rft.aulast=Yamada&rft.aufirst=Keiko&rft.au=Yamada%2C+Shiego&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F35496181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZawadzki1994" class="citation journal cs1">Zawadzki, Stefan (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinki.fi/science/saa/8.1%2006%20Zawadzki.pdf">"The Revolt of 746 B.C and the Coming of Tiglath-pileser III to the Throne"</a> (PDF). State Archives of Assyria Bulletin. 8: 53–54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=State+Archives+of+Assyria+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Revolt+of+746+B.C+and+the+Coming+of+Tiglath-pileser+III+to+the+Throne&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=53-54&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Zawadzki&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2Fscience%2Fsaa%2F8.1%252006%2520Zawadzki.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiglath-Pileser+III" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Tiglath-Pileser III </div><div><a href="/wiki/Adaside_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaside dynasty">Adaside dynasty</a></div>Born: <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 795 BC Died: 727 BC </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_V" title="Ashur-nirari V">Ashur-nirari V</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Assyria" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Assyria">King of Assyria</a> 745 – 727 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nabu-mukin-zeri" title="Nabu-mukin-zeri">Nabu-mukin-zeri</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Babylon">King of Babylon</a> 729 – 727 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Assyria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Assyrian_kings" title="Template:Assyrian kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Assyrian_kings" title="Template talk:Assyrian kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Assyrian_kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Assyrian kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Assyria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Kings of Assyria</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings" title="List of Assyrian kings">List of Assyrian kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_royal_titulary" title="Akkadian royal titulary">Royal titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings#Early_Assyrian_rulers" title="List of Assyrian kings">Legendary kings and early governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings#Later_Assyrian_kingship" title="List of Assyrian kings">Later kingship</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Assyrian_period" title="Old Assyrian period">Old Assyrian period</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2025–1364 BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_I" title="Puzur-Ashur I">Puzur-Ashur I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalim-ahum" title="Shalim-ahum">Shalim-ahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilu-shuma" title="Ilu-shuma">Ilu-shuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erishum_I" title="Erishum I">Erishum I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikunum" title="Ikunum">Ikunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargon_I" title="Sargon I">Sargon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_II" title="Puzur-Ashur II">Puzur-Ashur II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naram-Sin_of_Assyria" title="Naram-Sin of Assyria">Naram-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erishum_II" title="Erishum II">Erishum II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_I" title="Shamshi-Adad I">Shamshi-Adad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan_I" title="Ishme-Dagan I">Ishme-Dagan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut-Ashkur" title="Mut-Ashkur">Mut-Ashkur</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimush_of_Assyria" title="Rimush of Assyria">Rimush</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asinum" title="Asinum">Asinum</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzur-Sin" title="Puzur-Sin">Puzur-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-dugul" title="Ashur-dugul">Ashur-dugul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-apla-idi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-apla-idi">Ashur-apla-idi</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir-Sin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir-Sin">Nasir-Sin</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin-namir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-namir">Sin-namir</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipqi-Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipqi-Ishtar">Ipqi-Ishtar</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-salulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Adad-salulu">Adad-salulu</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adasi_(Assyria)" title="Adasi (Assyria)">Adasi</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel-bani" title="Bel-bani">Bel-bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libaya" title="Libaya">Libaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharma-Adad_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharma-Adad I">Sharma-Adad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iptar-Sin" title="Iptar-Sin">Iptar-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazaya" title="Bazaya">Bazaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lullaya" title="Lullaya">Lullaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu-Ninua" title="Shu-Ninua">Shu-Ninua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharma-Adad_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharma-Adad II">Sharma-Adad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erishum_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Erishum III">Erishum III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_II" title="Shamshi-Adad II">Shamshi-Adad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan_II" title="Ishme-Dagan II">Ishme-Dagan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_III" title="Shamshi-Adad III">Shamshi-Adad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_I" title="Ashur-nirari I">Ashur-nirari I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_III" title="Puzur-Ashur III">Puzur-Ashur III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nasir_I" title="Enlil-nasir I">Enlil-nasir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur-ili" title="Nur-ili">Nur-ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-shaduni" title="Ashur-shaduni">Ashur-shaduni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-rabi_I" title="Ashur-rabi I">Ashur-rabi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nadin-ahhe_I" title="Ashur-nadin-ahhe I">Ashur-nadin-ahhe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-Nasir_II" title="Enlil-Nasir II">Enlil-Nasir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_II" title="Ashur-nirari II">Ashur-nirari II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-bel-nisheshu" title="Ashur-bel-nisheshu">Ashur-bel-nisheshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-rim-nisheshu" title="Ashur-rim-nisheshu">Ashur-rim-nisheshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nadin-ahhe_II" title="Ashur-nadin-ahhe II">Ashur-nadin-ahhe II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriba-Adad_I" title="Eriba-Adad I">Eriba-Adad I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian Empire</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1363–912 BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-uballit_I" title="Ashur-uballit I">Ashur-uballit I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nirari" title="Enlil-nirari">Enlil-nirari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arik-den-ili" title="Arik-den-ili">Arik-den-ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_I" title="Adad-nirari I">Adad-nirari I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_I" title="Shalmaneser I">Shalmaneser I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukulti-Ninurta_I" title="Tukulti-Ninurta I">Tukulti-Ninurta I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nadin-apli" title="Ashur-nadin-apli">Ashur-nadin-apli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_III" title="Ashur-nirari III">Ashur-nirari III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-kudurri-usur" title="Enlil-kudurri-usur">Enlil-kudurri-usur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-apal-Ekur" title="Ninurta-apal-Ekur">Ninurta-apal-Ekur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_I" title="Ashur-dan I">Ashur-dan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur" title="Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur">Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutakkil-Nusku" title="Mutakkil-Nusku">Mutakkil-Nusku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-resh-ishi_I" title="Ashur-resh-ishi I">Ashur-resh-ishi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_I" title="Tiglath-Pileser I">Tiglath-Pileser I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asharid-apal-Ekur" title="Asharid-apal-Ekur">Asharid-apal-Ekur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-bel-kala" title="Ashur-bel-kala">Ashur-bel-kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriba-Adad_II" title="Eriba-Adad II">Eriba-Adad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_IV" title="Shamshi-Adad IV">Shamshi-Adad IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_I" title="Ashurnasirpal I">Ashurnasirpal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_II" title="Shalmaneser II">Shalmaneser II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_IV" title="Ashur-nirari IV">Ashur-nirari IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-rabi_II" title="Ashur-rabi II">Ashur-rabi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-resh-ishi_II" title="Ashur-resh-ishi II">Ashur-resh-ishi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_II" title="Tiglath-Pileser II">Tiglath-Pileser II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_II" title="Ashur-dan II">Ashur-dan II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> (911–609 BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_II" title="Adad-nirari II">Adad-nirari II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukulti-Ninurta_II" title="Tukulti-Ninurta II">Tukulti-Ninurta II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_V" title="Shamshi-Adad V">Shamshi-Adad V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_III" title="Adad-nirari III">Adad-nirari III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_IV" title="Shalmaneser IV">Shalmaneser IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_III" title="Ashur-dan III">Ashur-dan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_V" title="Ashur-nirari V">Ashur-nirari V</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tiglath-Pileser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esarhaddon" title="Esarhaddon">Esarhaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-etil-ilani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-etil-ilani">Ashur-etil-ilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin-shumu-lishir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-shumu-lishir">Sin-shumu-lishir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsharishkun" title="Sinsharishkun">Sinsharishkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-uballit_II" title="Ashur-uballit II">Ashur-uballit II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Babylon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Babylonian_kings" title="Template:Babylonian kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Babylonian_kings" title="Template talk:Babylonian kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Babylonian_kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Babylonian kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Babylon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Kings of Babylon</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Babylon" title="List of kings of Babylon">List of kings of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_royal_titulary" title="Akkadian royal titulary">Royal titles</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Kings  (foreign ruler</li><li>vassal king</li><li>female♀)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">Old Babylonian Empire</a> (1894–1595 BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Amorite_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite dynasty">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumu-abum" title="Sumu-abum">Sumu-abum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumu-la-El" title="Sumu-la-El">Sumu-la-El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabium" title="Sabium">Sabium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apil-Sin" title="Apil-Sin">Apil-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin-Muballit" title="Sin-Muballit">Sin-Muballit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsu-iluna" title="Samsu-iluna">Samsu-iluna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abi-Eshuh" title="Abi-Eshuh">Abi-Eshuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammi-Ditana" title="Ammi-Ditana">Ammi-Ditana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammi-Saduqa" title="Ammi-Saduqa">Ammi-Saduqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsu-Ditana" title="Samsu-Ditana">Samsu-Ditana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Sealand_dynasty" title="First Sealand dynasty">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilum-ma-ili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilum-ma-ili">Ilum-ma-ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itti-ili-nibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Itti-ili-nibi">Itti-ili-nibi</a></li> <li>Unknown king (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damqi-ilishu" class="mw-redirect" title="Damqi-ilishu">Damqi-ilishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishkibal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishkibal">Ishkibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shushushi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shushushi">Shushushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulkishar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulkishar">Gulkishar</a></li> <li>mDIŠ+U-EN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshgaldaramesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Peshgaldaramesh">Peshgaldaramesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayadaragalama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayadaragalama">Ayadaragalama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akurduana" class="mw-redirect" title="Akurduana">Akurduana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melamkurkurra" class="mw-redirect" title="Melamkurkurra">Melamkurkurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ea-gamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ea-gamil">Ea-gamil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassite period</a> (1729–1157 BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="III" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kassite_dynasty" title="Kassite dynasty">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandash" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandash">Gandash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agum_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Agum I">Agum I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashtiliash I">Kashtiliash I</a></li> <li>Unknown king</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abi-Rattash" class="mw-redirect" title="Abi-Rattash">Abi-Rattash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashtiliash II">Kashtiliash II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urzigurumash" class="mw-redirect" title="Urzigurumash">Urzigurumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agum_II" title="Agum II">Agum II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harba-Shipak" class="mw-redirect" title="Harba-Shipak">Harba-Shipak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipta%27ulzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipta'ulzi">Shipta'ulzi</a></li> <li>Unknown king</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnaburiash_I" title="Burnaburiash I">Burnaburiash I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulamburiash" title="Ulamburiash">Ulamburiash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_III" title="Kashtiliash III">Kashtiliash III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agum_III" title="Agum III">Agum III</a></li> <li>Kadashman-Sah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaindash" title="Karaindash">Karaindash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Harbe_I" title="Kadashman-Harbe I">Kadashman-Harbe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurigalzu_I" title="Kurigalzu I">Kurigalzu I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Enlil_I" title="Kadashman-Enlil I">Kadashman-Enlil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burna-Buriash_II" title="Burna-Buriash II">Burna-Buriash II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara-hardash" title="Kara-hardash">Kara-hardash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Bugash" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi-Bugash">Nazi-Bugash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurigalzu_II" title="Kurigalzu II">Kurigalzu II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maruttash" title="Nazi-Maruttash">Nazi-Maruttash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Turgu" title="Kadashman-Turgu">Kadashman-Turgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Enlil_II" title="Kadashman-Enlil II">Kadashman-Enlil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudur-Enlil" title="Kudur-Enlil">Kudur-Enlil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shagarakti-Shuriash" title="Shagarakti-Shuriash">Shagarakti-Shuriash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_IV" title="Kashtiliash IV">Kashtiliash IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-shumi" title="Enlil-nadin-shumi">Enlil-nadin-shumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Harbe_II" title="Kadashman-Harbe II">Kadashman-Harbe II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-shuma-iddina" title="Adad-shuma-iddina">Adad-shuma-iddina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-shuma-usur" title="Adad-shuma-usur">Adad-shuma-usur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meli-Shipak_II" title="Meli-Shipak II">Meli-Shipak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_I" title="Marduk-apla-iddina I">Marduk-apla-iddina I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zababa-shuma-iddin" title="Zababa-shuma-iddin">Zababa-shuma-iddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-ahi" title="Enlil-nadin-ahi">Enlil-nadin-ahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Babylonian_period" title="Middle Babylonian period">Middle Babylonian period</a> (1157–732 BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Isin" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Dynasty of Isin">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-kabit-ahheshu" title="Marduk-kabit-ahheshu">Marduk-kabit-ahheshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itti-Marduk-balatu_(king)" title="Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)">Itti-Marduk-balatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-nadin-shumi" title="Ninurta-nadin-shumi">Ninurta-nadin-shumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_I" title="Nebuchadnezzar I">Nebuchadnezzar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-apli" title="Enlil-nadin-apli">Enlil-nadin-apli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-nadin-ahhe" title="Marduk-nadin-ahhe">Marduk-nadin-ahhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-shapik-zeri" title="Marduk-shapik-zeri">Marduk-shapik-zeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-apla-iddina" title="Adad-apla-iddina">Adad-apla-iddina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-ahhe-eriba" title="Marduk-ahhe-eriba">Marduk-ahhe-eriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-zer-X" title="Marduk-zer-X">Marduk-zer-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-shum-libur" title="Nabu-shum-libur">Nabu-shum-libur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sealand_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sealand dynasty">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simbar-shipak" title="Simbar-shipak">Simbar-shipak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ea-mukin-zeri" title="Ea-mukin-zeri">Ea-mukin-zeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashshu-nadin-ahi" title="Kashshu-nadin-ahi">Kashshu-nadin-ahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bazi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bazi dynasty">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eulmash-shakin-shumi" title="Eulmash-shakin-shumi">Eulmash-shakin-shumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-kudurri-usur_I" title="Ninurta-kudurri-usur I">Ninurta-kudurri-usur I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirikti-shuqamuna" title="Shirikti-shuqamuna">Shirikti-shuqamuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Elamite_dynasty" title="Elamite dynasty">VII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar-biti-apla-usur" title="Mar-biti-apla-usur">Mar-biti-apla-usur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty_of_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasty of E">VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nab%C3%BB-mukin-apli" title="Nabû-mukin-apli">Nabû-mukin-apli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-kudurri-usur_II" title="Ninurta-kudurri-usur II">Ninurta-kudurri-usur II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina" title="Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina">Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamash-mudammiq" title="Shamash-mudammiq">Shamash-mudammiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-shuma-ukin_I" title="Nabu-shuma-ukin I">Nabu-shuma-ukin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-apla-iddina" title="Nabu-apla-iddina">Nabu-apla-iddina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-zakir-shumi_I" title="Marduk-zakir-shumi I">Marduk-zakir-shumi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-balassu-iqbi" title="Marduk-balassu-iqbi">Marduk-balassu-iqbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba-aha-iddina" title="Baba-aha-iddina">Baba-aha-iddina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-apla-X" title="Ninurta-apla-X">Ninurta-apla-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-bel-zeri" title="Marduk-bel-zeri">Marduk-bel-zeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-usur" title="Marduk-apla-usur">Marduk-apla-usur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriba-Marduk" title="Eriba-Marduk">Eriba-Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-shuma-ishkun" title="Nabu-shuma-ishkun">Nabu-shuma-ishkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabonassar" title="Nabonassar">Nabonassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-nadin-zeri" title="Nabu-nadin-zeri">Nabu-nadin-zeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-suma-ukin_II" title="Nabu-suma-ukin II">Nabu-suma-ukin II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian period</a> (732–626 BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="IX" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_dynasty_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian dynasty of Babylon">IX</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-mukin-zeri" title="Nabu-mukin-zeri">Nabu-mukin-zeri</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tiglath-Pileser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_II" title="Marduk-apla-iddina II">Marduk-apla-iddina II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-zakir-shumi_II" title="Marduk-zakir-shumi II">Marduk-zakir-shumi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_II" title="Marduk-apla-iddina II">Marduk-apla-iddina II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel-ibni" title="Bel-ibni">Bel-ibni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1%C5%A1ur-n%C4%81din-%C5%A1umi" title="Aššur-nādin-šumi">Aššur-nādin-šumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nergal-ushezib" title="Nergal-ushezib">Nergal-ushezib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushezib-Marduk" title="Mushezib-Marduk">Mushezib-Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esarhaddon" title="Esarhaddon">Esarhaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ama%C5%A1-%C5%A1uma-ukin" title="Šamaš-šuma-ukin">Šamaš-šuma-ukin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandalanu" title="Kandalanu">Kandalanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" title="Sîn-šumu-līšir">Sîn-šumu-līšir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsharishkun" title="Sinsharishkun">Sinsharishkun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> (626–539 BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="X" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_dynasty" title="Chaldean dynasty">X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:1.0em 0.2em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nabopolassar" title="Nabopolassar">Nabopolassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amel-Marduk" title="Amel-Marduk">Amel-Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neriglissar" title="Neriglissar">Neriglissar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labashi-Marduk" title="Labashi-Marduk">Labashi-Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabonidus" title="Nabonidus">Nabonidus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Babylon_under_foreign_rule_(539_BC_–_AD_224)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Babylon under foreign rule (539 BC – AD 224)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian period</a> (539–331 BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XI" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_dynasty" title="Achaemenid dynasty">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_III" title="Nebuchadnezzar III">Nebuchadnezzar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_IV" title="Nebuchadnezzar IV">Nebuchadnezzar IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamash-eriba" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamash-eriba">Shamash-eriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel-shimanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bel-shimanni">Bel-shimanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_II" title="Xerxes II">Xerxes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdianus" title="Sogdianus">Sogdianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_II" title="Artaxerxes II">Artaxerxes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arses_of_Persia" title="Arses of Persia">Artaxerxes IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidin-Bel" title="Nidin-Bel">Nidin-Bel</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> (331–141 BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus I Monophthalmus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus I Nicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_I_Soter" title="Antiochus I Soter">Antiochus I Soter</a></li> <li>Seleucus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II_Theos" title="Antiochus II Theos">Antiochus II Theos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_II_Callinicus" title="Seleucus II Callinicus">Seleucus II Callinicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_III_Ceraunus" title="Seleucus III Ceraunus">Seleucus III Ceraunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III Megas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_(son_of_Antiochus_III_the_Great)" title="Antiochus (son of Antiochus III the Great)">Antiochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_IV_Philopator" title="Seleucus IV Philopator">Seleucus IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_(son_of_Seleucus_IV)" title="Antiochus (son of Seleucus IV)">Antiochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_V_Eupator" title="Antiochus V Eupator">Antiochus V Eupator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_Soter" title="Demetrius I Soter">Demetrius I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timarchus" title="Timarchus">Timarchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_Soter" title="Demetrius I Soter">Demetrius I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Balas" title="Alexander Balas">Alexander Balas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_Nicator" title="Demetrius II Nicator">Demetrius II Nicator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian period</a> (141 BC – AD 224)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XIV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid dynasty">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates I of Parthia">Mithridates I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_II" title="Phraates II">Phraates II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinnu" title="Rinnu">Rinnu</a>♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VII_Sidetes" title="Antiochus VII Sidetes">Antiochus VII Sidetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_II" title="Phraates II">Phraates II</a></li> <li>Ubulna♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyspaosines" title="Hyspaosines">Hyspaosines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_I_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus I of Parthia">Artabanus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_II_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates II of Parthia">Mithridates II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_I" title="Gotarzes I">Gotarzes I</a></li> <li>Asi'abatar♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodes_I_of_Parthia" title="Orodes I of Parthia">Orodes I</a></li> <li>Ispubarza♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinatruces_of_Parthia" title="Sinatruces of Parthia">Sinatruces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_III" title="Phraates III">Phraates III</a></li> <li>Piriustana♀</li> <li>Teleuniqe♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodes_II" title="Orodes II">Orodes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_IV" title="Phraates IV">Phraates IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_V" title="Phraates V">Phraates V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodes_III_of_Parthia" title="Orodes III of Parthia">Orodes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonones_I" title="Vonones I">Vonones I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardanes_I" title="Vardanes I">Vardanes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_II" title="Gotarzes II">Gotarzes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonones_II" title="Vonones II">Vonones II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_I_of_Parthia" title="Vologases I of Parthia">Vologases I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_III_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus III of Parthia">Artabanus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_III_of_Parthia" title="Vologases III of Parthia">Vologases III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthamaspates_of_Parthia" title="Parthamaspates of Parthia">Parthamaspates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_IV" title="Vologases IV">Vologases IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_V" title="Vologases V">Vologases V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_VI" title="Vologases VI">Vologases VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_IV_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus IV of Parthia">Artabanus IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Kings_of_Babylon" title="Category:Kings of Babylon">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neo-Assyrian_Empire_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neo-Assyrian_Empire_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neo-Assyrian Empire topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neo-Assyrian_Empire_topics" title="Template talk:Neo-Assyrian Empire topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-Assyrian_Empire_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-Assyrian Empire topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neo-Assyrian_Empire_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resettlement_policy_of_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire">Resettlement policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_of_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Queens of the Neo-Assyrian Empire">Queens</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rulers" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_II" title="Adad-nirari II">Adad-nirari II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukulti-Ninurta_II" title="Tukulti-Ninurta II">Tukulti-Ninurta II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_V" title="Shamshi-Adad V">Shamshi-Adad V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shammuramat" title="Shammuramat">Shammuramat</a> (regent?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_III" title="Adad-nirari III">Adad-nirari III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_IV" title="Shalmaneser IV">Shalmaneser IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_III" title="Ashur-dan III">Ashur-Dan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_V" title="Ashur-nirari V">Ashur-nirari V</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tiglath-Pileser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esarhaddon" title="Esarhaddon">Esarhaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-etil-ilani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-etil-ilani">Ashur-etil-ilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsharishkun" title="Sinsharishkun">Sinsharishkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin-shumu-lishir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-shumu-lishir">Sin-shumu-lishir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-uballit_II" title="Ashur-uballit II">Ashur-uballit II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_communications_in_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire">State communications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_sculpture" title="Assyrian sculpture">Assyrian sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Hunt_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal">Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachish_Reliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish Reliefs">Lachish Reliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Obelisk_of_Shalmaneser_III" title="Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III">Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawat_Gates" title="Balawat Gates">Balawat Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Category:Neo-Assyrian Empire">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210074#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210074#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210074#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000449291611">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/203037204">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1851171/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqqBRdmp7tcKv4fj6Gfv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118802240">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82157818">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk2013768657&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/97019070">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007268961705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118802240.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118802240">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/035421614">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&oldid=1254326794">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&oldid=1254326794</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Category:Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:790s_BC_births" title="Category:790s BC births">790s BC births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:727_BC_deaths" title="Category:727 BC deaths">727 BC deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:8th-century_BC_Assyrian_kings" title="Category:8th-century BC Assyrian kings">8th-century BC Assyrian kings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:8th-century_BC_kings_of_Babylon" title="Category:8th-century BC kings of Babylon">8th-century BC kings of Babylon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchs_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Category:Monarchs in the Hebrew Bible">Monarchs in the Hebrew Bible</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kings_of_the_Universe" title="Category:Kings of the Universe">Kings of the Universe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Usurpers" title="Category:Usurpers">Usurpers</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Neo-Assyrian_Akkadian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language text">Articles containing Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Biblical_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_uncertain" title="Category:Year of birth uncertain">Year of birth uncertain</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 October 2024, at 13:23 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiglath-Pileser_III&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6d94db5ff4-x2krs","wgBackendResponseTime":149,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.857","walltime":"2.101","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17743,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":286967,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":24461,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":25,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":217721,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1819.121 1 -total"," 30.63% 557.161 191 Template:Sfn"," 10.14% 184.490 13 Template:Navbox"," 9.97% 181.444 15 Template:Cite_journal"," 9.40% 170.960 27 Template:Cite_book"," 8.57% 155.830 2 Template:Reflist"," 8.02% 145.972 2 Template:Langx"," 7.34% 133.492 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 6.95% 126.462 208 Template:Main_other"," 6.43% 116.958 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.107","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":28088132,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlbright1949\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBagg2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaulieu2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBertin1891\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrinkman1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrinkman1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCogan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollon2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalley2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDamerji2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavenport2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavenport2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDubovský2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDüring2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElat1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElayi2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElayi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiloni2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrahm2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrahm2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrahm2017b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrame1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFuchs2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFuchs2017b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarelli1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrayson1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrayson1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobsPrice1906\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKertai2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawson_Younger2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiverani2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuckenbill1926\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuukkoVan_Buylaere2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerrillRookerGrisanti2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOded1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadner2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadner2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadner2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadner2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTadmorYamada2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYamada2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYamadaYamada2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZawadzki1994\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Assyrian kings\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Babylonian kings\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 27,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Contains special characters\"] = 1,\n [\"Cuneiform\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Tiglath-Pileser 03\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox royalty\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Neo-Assyrian empire topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reign\"] = 6,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 2,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-hou\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 2,\n [\"Script/Hebrew\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 191,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 2,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","380","28.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","200","15.2"],["?","160","12.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","140","10.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","7.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","6.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","60","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::fetchLanguageNames","40","3.0"],["is_generic \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:1497\u003E","40","3.0"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","20","1.5"],["[others]","100","7.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-w6vj5","timestamp":"20241128193847","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tiglath-Pileser III","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiglath-Pileser_III","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q210074","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q210074","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-08T02:20:28Z","dateModified":"2024-10-30T13:23:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/88\/Tilglath_pileser_iii.jpg","headline":"King of Assyria who ruled 745-727 BCE"}</script> </body> </html>