CINXE.COM
Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant | medRxiv
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article# book: http://ogp.me/ns/book#" > <!--[if IE]><![endif]--> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//d33xdlntwy0kbs.cloudfront.net" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//scholar.google.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//rum-static.pingdom.net" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/images/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="type" content="article" /> <meta name="category" content="article" /> <meta name="HW.identifier" content="/medrxiv/early/2021/05/14/2021.05.13.21256639.atom" /> <meta name="HW.pisa" content="medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639v1" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639" /> <meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-05-14" /> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press" /> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission." /> <meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" /> <meta name="DC.Description" content="Background Covid-19 vaccines are urgently needed, especially against emerging variants. NVX-CoV2373 is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 rS) nanoparticle vaccine containing trimeric full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and Matrix-M adjuvant. Methods A phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adults 18-84 years old who received two intramuscular 5-µg doses, 21 days apart, of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo (1:1) across 33 sites in the United Kingdom. The primary efficacy endpoint was virologically confirmed symptomatic Covid-19 with onset 7 days after second vaccination in serologically negative participants. Results A total of 15,187 participants were randomized, of whom 7569 received NVX-CoV2373 and 7570 received placebo; 27.2% were 65 years or older, 44.7% had comorbidities and 4.2% had baseline serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2. There were 10 cases of Covid-19 among NVX-CoV2373 recipients and 96 cases among placebo recipients, with symptom onset at least 7 days after second vaccination; NVX-CoV2373 was 89.7% (95% confidence interval, 80.2 to 94.6) effective in preventing Covid-19, with no hospitalizations or deaths reported. There were five cases of severe Covid-19, all in the placebo group. Post hoc analysis revealed efficacies of 96.4% (73.8 to 99.5) and 86.3% (71.3 to 93.5) against the prototype strain and B.1.1.7 variant, respectively. Vaccine efficacy was similar across subgroups, including participants with comorbidities and those ≥65 years old. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and similar in the two groups. Conclusion A two-dose regimen of NVX-CoV2373 conferred 89.7% protection against a blend of prototype and variant Covid-19, demonstrated high efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant, and had a reassuring safety profile. (Funded by Novavax, Inc. EudraCT number, 2020-004123-16). ### Competing Interest Statement Disclosure forms provided by the authors will be available with the full text of this article upon publication. ### Clinical Trial NCT04583995 ### Clinical Protocols <https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04583995> <https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004123-16/GB> ### Funding Statement Funded by Novavax, Inc. EudraCT number, 2020-004123-16 ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The trial protocol was approved by the North West-Greater Manchester Central Research Ethics Committee (Ref 20/NW/03/99) and was performed in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines (see protocol in the Supplementary Appendix). All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes Limited data will be available on the following websites: <https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04583995> <https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004123-16/GB>" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Paul T. Heath" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Eva P. Galiza" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="David Neil Baxter" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Marta Boffito" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Duncan Browne" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Fiona Burns" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="David R. Chadwick" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Rebecca Clark" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Catherine Cosgrove" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="James Galloway" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Anna L. Goodman" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Amardeep Heer" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Andrew Higham" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Shalini Iyengar" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Arham Jamal" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Christopher Jeanes" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Philip A. Kalra" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Christina Kyriakidou" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Daniel F. McAuley" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Agnieszka Meyrick" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Angela M. Minassian" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jane Minton" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Patrick Moore" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Imrozia Munsoor" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Helen Nicholls" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Orod Osanlou" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jonathan Packham" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Carol H. Pretswell" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Alberto San Francisco Ramos" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Dinesh Saralaya" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Ray P. Sheridan" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Richard Smith" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Roy L. Soiza" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Pauline A. Swift" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Emma C. Thomson" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jeremy Turner" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Marianne Elizabeth Viljoen" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Gary Albert" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Iksung Cho" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Filip Dubovsky" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Greg Glenn" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Joy Rivers" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Andreana Robertson" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kathy Smith" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Seth Toback" /> <meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-05-14" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant" /> <meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> <p>Covid-19 vaccines are urgently needed, especially against emerging variants. NVX-CoV2373 is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 rS) nanoparticle vaccine containing trimeric full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and Matrix-M adjuvant.</p><h3>Methods</h3> <p>A phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adults 18-84 years old who received two intramuscular 5-µg doses, 21 days apart, of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo (1:1) across 33 sites in the United Kingdom. The primary efficacy endpoint was virologically confirmed symptomatic Covid-19 with onset 7 days after second vaccination in serologically negative participants.</p><h3>Results</h3> <p>A total of 15,187 participants were randomized, of whom 7569 received NVX-CoV2373 and 7570 received placebo; 27.2% were 65 years or older, 44.7% had comorbidities and 4.2% had baseline serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2. There were 10 cases of Covid-19 among NVX-CoV2373 recipients and 96 cases among placebo recipients, with symptom onset at least 7 days after second vaccination; NVX-CoV2373 was 89.7% (95% confidence interval, 80.2 to 94.6) effective in preventing Covid-19, with no hospitalizations or deaths reported. There were five cases of severe Covid-19, all in the placebo group. Post hoc analysis revealed efficacies of 96.4% (73.8 to 99.5) and 86.3% (71.3 to 93.5) against the prototype strain and B.1.1.7 variant, respectively. Vaccine efficacy was similar across subgroups, including participants with comorbidities and those ≥65 years old. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and similar in the two groups.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>A two-dose regimen of NVX-CoV2373 conferred 89.7% protection against a blend of prototype and variant Covid-19, demonstrated high efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant, and had a reassuring safety profile.</p><p>(Funded by Novavax, Inc. EudraCT number, 2020-004123-16).</p>" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="medRxiv" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_mjid" content="medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639v1" /> <meta name="citation_id" content="2021.05.13.21256639v1" /> <meta name="citation_public_url" content="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.abstract" /> <meta name="citation_full_html_url" content="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.full" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/05/14/2021.05.13.21256639.full.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639" /> <meta name="citation_num_pages" content="31" /> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Article" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="2021.05.13.21256639" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Paul T. Heath" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Vaccine Institute, St. George’s, University of London and St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-7433" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Eva P. Galiza" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Vaccine Institute, St. George’s, University of London and St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="David Neil Baxter" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stepping Hill Hospital" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Marta Boffito" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Duncan Browne" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Fiona Burns" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institute for Global Health, University College London, and Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="David R. Chadwick" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Centre for Clinical Infection, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, James Cook University Hospital" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Rebecca Clark" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Layton Medical Centre" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Catherine Cosgrove" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Vaccine Institute, St. George’s, University of London and St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="James Galloway" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Centre for Rheumatic Disease, Kings College London" /> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-2781" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Anna L. Goodman" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, and MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Amardeep Heer" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Lakeside Healthcare Research, Lakeside Surgeries Corby" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Andrew Higham" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Shalini Iyengar" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Hexham Dedicated Research Site, Hexham General Hospital" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Arham Jamal" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Thames Valley Dedicated Research Site, Wellington House" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Christopher Jeanes" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Philip A. Kalra" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Care Alliance" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Christina Kyriakidou" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Midlands Dedicated Research Site, Birmingham Research Park" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Daniel F. McAuley" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Agnieszka Meyrick" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Merseyside Dedicated Research Site" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Angela M. Minassian" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jane Minton" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Patrick Moore" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="The Adam Practice" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Imrozia Munsoor" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Glasgow Dedicated Research Site" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Helen Nicholls" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Wales Dedicated Research Site, Riverside Court Gwaelod-y-Garth" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Orod Osanlou" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, and Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jonathan Packham" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Haywood Hospital, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Carol H. Pretswell" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Lancashire Dedicated Research Site, Matrix Park Buckshaw Village" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Alberto San Francisco Ramos" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Vaccine Institute, St. George’s, University of London and St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Dinesh Saralaya" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="National Institute for Health Research Patient Recruitment Centre and Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ray P. Sheridan" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Richard Smith" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust and University of Essex" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Roy L. Soiza" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, and Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Group, University of Aberdeen" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Pauline A. Swift" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Renal Services, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Emma C. Thomson" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, and Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde" /> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-0889" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jeremy Turner" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Marianne Elizabeth Viljoen" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Manchester Dedicated Research Site" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Gary Albert" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Novavax, Inc." /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Iksung Cho" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Novavax, Inc." /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Filip Dubovsky" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Novavax, Inc." /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Greg Glenn" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Novavax, Inc." /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Joy Rivers" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Novavax, Inc." /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Andreana Robertson" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Novavax, Inc." /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Kathy Smith" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Novavax, Inc." /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Seth Toback" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Novavax, Inc." /> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="stoback@novavax.com" /> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-812X" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/. Accessed April 19, 2021." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Lan J, Ge J, Yu J, et al. Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor. Nature 2020;581-215-220." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Baden LR, El Sahly HM, Essink B, et al; COVE Study Group. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. N Engl J Med 2021;384:403–16." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, et al. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med 2020;383:2603–15." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Voysey M, Costa Clemens SA, Madhi SA, et al. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet 2021;397:99–111." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Janssen Biotech, Inc. FDA Briefing Document: Janssen Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine for the Prevention of COVID-19. Presented at Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting, February 26, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/media/146217/download. Accessed April 7, 2021." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Challen R, Brooks-Pollock E, Read JM, et al. Risk of mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/1: matched cohort study. BMJ 2021;372:579 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n579." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Walensky RP, Walke HT, Fauci AS. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the United States – challenges and opportunities. JAMA 2021;325:1037–8." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Callaway E. Could new COVID variants undermine vaccines? Labs scramble to find out. Nature 2021;589:177–8." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Keech C, Albert G, Cho I, et al. Phase 1-2 trial of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine. N Engl J Med 2020;383:2320–32." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Formica N, Mallory R, Albert G, et al. Evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine NVX-CoV2373 in younger and older adults. medRxiv 2021.02.26.21252482. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252482." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. People with certain medical conditions. Updated March 29, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html. Accessed April 7, 2021." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About variants of the virus that causes Covid-19. Updated April 2, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/transmission/variant.html. Accessed April 7, 2021." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Public Heath England. Investigation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant. December 2020. PHE gateway number: GOV-7132. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/959361/Technical_Briefing_VOC202012-2_Briefing_2.pdf. Accessed April 7, 2021." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Shinde V, Bhikha S, Hoosain Z, et al. Preliminary efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 vaccine against the B.1.351 variant. medRxiv 2021.02.25.21252477; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.25.21252477." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="US National Library of Medicine. A Study Looking at the Efficacy, Immune Response, and Safety of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults at Risk for SARS-CoV-2. February 24, 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04611802?term=PREVENT-19&draw=2&rank=1. Accessed April 7, 2021." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Novavax, Inc. Data on file." /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@medrxivpreprint" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/images/medrxiv_logo_homepage7-5-small-test-up.png" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Background Covid-19 vaccines are urgently needed, especially against emerging variants. NVX-CoV2373 is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 rS) nanoparticle vaccine containing trimeric full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and Matrix-M adjuvant. Methods A phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adults 18-84 years old who received two intramuscular 5-µg doses, 21 days apart, of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo (1:1) across 33 sites in the United Kingdom. The primary efficacy endpoint was virologically confirmed symptomatic Covid-19 with onset 7 days after second vaccination in serologically negative participants. Results A total of 15,187 participants were randomized, of whom 7569 received NVX-CoV2373 and 7570 received placebo; 27.2% were 65 years or older, 44.7% had comorbidities and 4.2% had baseline serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2. There were 10 cases of Covid-19 among NVX-CoV2373 recipients and 96 cases among placebo recipients, with symptom onset at least 7 days after second vaccination; NVX-CoV2373 was 89.7% (95% confidence interval, 80.2 to 94.6) effective in preventing Covid-19, with no hospitalizations or deaths reported. There were five cases of severe Covid-19, all in the placebo group. Post hoc analysis revealed efficacies of 96.4% (73.8 to 99.5) and 86.3% (71.3 to 93.5) against the prototype strain and B.1.1.7 variant, respectively. Vaccine efficacy was similar across subgroups, including participants with comorbidities and those ≥65 years old. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and similar in the two groups. Conclusion A two-dose regimen of NVX-CoV2373 conferred 89.7% protection against a blend of prototype and variant Covid-19, demonstrated high efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant, and had a reassuring safety profile. (Funded by Novavax, Inc. EudraCT number, 2020-004123-16). ### Competing Interest Statement Disclosure forms provided by the authors will be available with the full text of this article upon publication. ### Clinical Trial NCT04583995 ### Clinical Protocols <https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04583995> <https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004123-16/GB> ### Funding Statement Funded by Novavax, Inc. EudraCT number, 2020-004123-16 ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The trial protocol was approved by the North West-Greater Manchester Central Research Ethics Committee (Ref 20/NW/03/99) and was performed in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines (see protocol in the Supplementary Appendix). All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes Limited data will be available on the following websites: <https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04583995> <https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004123-16/GB>" /> <meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant" /> <meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1" /> <meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="medRxiv" /> <meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="Background Covid-19 vaccines are urgently needed, especially against emerging variants. NVX-CoV2373 is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 rS) nanoparticle vaccine containing trimeric full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and Matrix-M adjuvant. Methods A phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adults 18-84 years old who received two intramuscular 5-µg doses, 21 days apart, of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo (1:1) across 33 sites in the United Kingdom. The primary efficacy endpoint was virologically confirmed symptomatic Covid-19 with onset 7 days after second vaccination in serologically negative participants. Results A total of 15,187 participants were randomized, of whom 7569 received NVX-CoV2373 and 7570 received placebo; 27.2% were 65 years or older, 44.7% had comorbidities and 4.2% had baseline serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2. There were 10 cases of Covid-19 among NVX-CoV2373 recipients and 96 cases among placebo recipients, with symptom onset at least 7 days after second vaccination; NVX-CoV2373 was 89.7% (95% confidence interval, 80.2 to 94.6) effective in preventing Covid-19, with no hospitalizations or deaths reported. There were five cases of severe Covid-19, all in the placebo group. Post hoc analysis revealed efficacies of 96.4% (73.8 to 99.5) and 86.3% (71.3 to 93.5) against the prototype strain and B.1.1.7 variant, respectively. Vaccine efficacy was similar across subgroups, including participants with comorbidities and those ≥65 years old. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and similar in the two groups. Conclusion A two-dose regimen of NVX-CoV2373 conferred 89.7% protection against a blend of prototype and variant Covid-19, demonstrated high efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant, and had a reassuring safety profile. (Funded by Novavax, Inc. EudraCT number, 2020-004123-16). ### Competing Interest Statement Disclosure forms provided by the authors will be available with the full text of this article upon publication. ### Clinical Trial NCT04583995 ### Clinical Protocols <https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04583995> <https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004123-16/GB> ### Funding Statement Funded by Novavax, Inc. EudraCT number, 2020-004123-16 ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The trial protocol was approved by the North West-Greater Manchester Central Research Ethics Committee (Ref 20/NW/03/99) and was performed in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines (see protocol in the Supplementary Appendix). All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes Limited data will be available on the following websites: <https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04583995> <https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004123-16/GB>" /> <meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="og-image" property="og:image" content="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/images/medrxiv_logo_homepage7-5-small-test-up.png" /> <meta name="citation_date" content="2021-05-14" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/plain" title="Full Text (Plain)" href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.full.txt" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" title="Powerpoint" href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.ppt" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="Full Text (PDF)" href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.full.pdf" /> <meta name="description" content="medRxiv - The Preprint Server for Health Sciences" /> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/node/350399" /> <title>Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant | medRxiv</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__7SC0i-kTgUlQGKuqbmyS18Sez8FDO-aG9FSHkGrLGl8__EBUojqg5W_1M2-aUl2Y1w9JxEEauoJ0pj29wOb-7Vz4__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__UufzdoKtMhzTNiAJfsa_0bYn78zz-bBHwNEqMQ0UIXk__1-Opexvnkee5dlO1d6qLW5_7DT6gOdNGKRcC-FxT6QU__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.css" media="all" /> <style type="text/css" media="all"> /* <![CDATA[ */ .panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region{padding:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region-inside{padding-right:.5em;padding-left:.5em}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region-inside-first{padding-left:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region-inside-last{padding-right:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-column{padding:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-column-inside{padding-right:.5em;padding-left:.5em}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-column-inside-first{padding-left:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-column-inside-last{padding-right:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-row{padding:0 0 .5em;margin:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-row-last{padding-bottom:0}.panels-flexible-column-new-main{float:left;width:99.0000%}.panels-flexible-new-inside{padding-right:0}.panels-flexible-new{width:auto}.panels-flexible-region-new-center{float:left;width:99.0000%}.panels-flexible-row-new-main-row-inside{padding-right:0} /* ]]> */ </style> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__PWuQ_RYRTJ4BLEKsbWQeHysPg0gOQ3571ruQa_rXvAo__pWyBeQHtoijrNnOoDz9ZPdiNPirDrSCPOz0Q1CDCeno__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.css" media="all" /> <style type="text/css" media="all"> /* <![CDATA[ */ #sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom,#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{background:gray}#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper{background:transparent}#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h1,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h2,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h3,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text p,.eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{color:#fff !important}.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{border-color:#fff}.eu-cookie-compliance-more-button{color:#fff !important} /* ]]> */ </style> <!--[if lte IE 7]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__ElJr3PIJEvw3qLXc1cnYiLj2G4KgDPSXFOfm6Phf8hw__JdWGm15cDWjsK6KrFlQVXQix9YgNeYysf22XZHj-Y-c__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.css" media="all" /> <![endif]--> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__Wnlyen9qEpwh_Qaf9okEu4QdVGM0BDothxeqA6Nbvo8__EJmw6SZD9bYoS8jocCpPYS3JFRURpdzmuvJoAUNiI-g__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__qVLaZnd0elRGlpEthuDcLrrECFoJE4KkGLjMhyXkDnI__2i5fOal7T1XioOiL8E1j-5GRVuLFoaX_Cmf1tDdfOGA__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.css" media="all" /> <!--[if (lt IE 9)&(!IEMobile)]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__XH6bpcI0f2dImc-p674DLCZtWBGb-QwxJK1YexVGtno__vUceGprdo5nIhV6DH93X7fI3r8RcTJbChbas9TQXeW4__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.css" media="all" /> <![endif]--> <!--[if gte IE 9]><!--> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__2WBMox6sOrN42ss5lCnH7WWVRdFdJCxtTKnQJYRwTE4__yqNvNYLvMpjy3ffuJrjjm9uW2i-Me1c23KLYuWHaqio__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.css" media="all" /> <!--<![endif]--> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__rPbglX_q2qR-vBotL8nr5yUS1Ny06y-YeOnXqiz9Y9Y__hsiFRyI4A0SybrSkkCu9HSGtJ5hlTlGSn5bEIYP8DoI__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://d33xdlntwy0kbs.cloudfront.net/cshl_custom_medrxiv.css" media="all" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__BKYqkKToQ7EjirB7eIdMEH5521EU3da9IpoOs8Ex2XI__aSjVoX8giBmLhN2EbCgIGQJNu89Mh5aVu1LvI_gkJ7Y__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__4Cn2dxvNlsJ-sHe6QOTLREaQvcqb0Yh0Zm9tTOHtQow__JeZEUjzbaj_yX6UjCI8eBbXy_J64ZVuoWmc2fSpLZHo__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?hl=en&render=explicit&onload=drupalRecaptchaOnload"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__dGWpV57YWu3sX6UOe04RMH-iP9jSkEP7Ajt0caYXZZk__1l8Wa0iuIek7SEVmMuU0Y9TlAvRR-XZVfl1u9ezOPes__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_js/casa.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-0K57TCX5BY"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- /*! * yepnope1.5.4 * (c) WTFPL, GPLv2 */ (function(a,b,c){function d(a){return"[object Function]"==o.call(a)}function e(a){return"string"==typeof a}function f(){}function g(a){return!a||"loaded"==a||"complete"==a||"uninitialized"==a}function h(){var a=p.shift();q=1,a?a.t?m(function(){("c"==a.t?B.injectCss:B.injectJs)(a.s,0,a.a,a.x,a.e,1)},0):(a(),h()):q=0}function i(a,c,d,e,f,i,j){function k(b){if(!o&&g(l.readyState)&&(u.r=o=1,!q&&h(),l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=null,b)){"img"!=a&&m(function(){t.removeChild(l)},50);for(var d in y[c])y[c].hasOwnProperty(d)&&y[c][d].onload()}}var j=j||B.errorTimeout,l=b.createElement(a),o=0,r=0,u={t:d,s:c,e:f,a:i,x:j};1===y[c]&&(r=1,y[c]=[]),"object"==a?l.data=c:(l.src=c,l.type=a),l.width=l.height="0",l.onerror=l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=function(){k.call(this,r)},p.splice(e,0,u),"img"!=a&&(r||2===y[c]?(t.insertBefore(l,s?null:n),m(k,j)):y[c].push(l))}function j(a,b,c,d,f){return q=0,b=b||"j",e(a)?i("c"==b?v:u,a,b,this.i++,c,d,f):(p.splice(this.i++,0,a),1==p.length&&h()),this}function k(){var a=B;return a.loader={load:j,i:0},a}var l=b.documentElement,m=a.setTimeout,n=b.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o={}.toString,p=[],q=0,r="MozAppearance"in l.style,s=r&&!!b.createRange().compareNode,t=s?l:n.parentNode,l=a.opera&&"[object Opera]"==o.call(a.opera),l=!!b.attachEvent&&!l,u=r?"object":l?"script":"img",v=l?"script":u,w=Array.isArray||function(a){return"[object Array]"==o.call(a)},x=[],y={},z={timeout:function(a,b){return b.length&&(a.timeout=b[0]),a}},A,B;B=function(a){function b(a){var a=a.split("!"),b=x.length,c=a.pop(),d=a.length,c={url:c,origUrl:c,prefixes:a},e,f,g;for(f=0;f<d;f++)g=a[f].split("="),(e=z[g.shift()])&&(c=e(c,g));for(f=0;f<b;f++)c=x[f](c);return c}function g(a,e,f,g,h){var i=b(a),j=i.autoCallback;i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift(),i.bypass||(e&&(e=d(e)?e:e[a]||e[g]||e[a.split("/").pop().split("?")[0]]),i.instead?i.instead(a,e,f,g,h):(y[i.url]?i.noexec=!0:y[i.url]=1,f.load(i.url,i.forceCSS||!i.forceJS&&"css"==i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift()?"c":c,i.noexec,i.attrs,i.timeout),(d(e)||d(j))&&f.load(function(){k(),e&&e(i.origUrl,h,g),j&&j(i.origUrl,h,g),y[i.url]=2})))}function h(a,b){function c(a,c){if(a){if(e(a))c||(j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}),g(a,j,b,0,h);else if(Object(a)===a)for(n in m=function(){var b=0,c;for(c in a)a.hasOwnProperty(c)&&b++;return b}(),a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(!c&&!--m&&(d(j)?j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}:j[n]=function(a){return function(){var b=[].slice.call(arguments);a&&a.apply(this,b),l()}}(k[n])),g(a[n],j,b,n,h))}else!c&&l()}var h=!!a.test,i=a.load||a.both,j=a.callback||f,k=j,l=a.complete||f,m,n;c(h?a.yep:a.nope,!!i),i&&c(i)}var i,j,l=this.yepnope.loader;if(e(a))g(a,0,l,0);else if(w(a))for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)j=a[i],e(j)?g(j,0,l,0):w(j)?B(j):Object(j)===j&&h(j,l);else Object(a)===a&&h(a,l)},B.addPrefix=function(a,b){z[a]=b},B.addFilter=function(a){x.push(a)},B.errorTimeout=1e4,null==b.readyState&&b.addEventListener&&(b.readyState="loading",b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A=function(){b.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A,0),b.readyState="complete"},0)),a.yepnope=k(),a.yepnope.executeStack=h,a.yepnope.injectJs=function(a,c,d,e,i,j){var k=b.createElement("script"),l,o,e=e||B.errorTimeout;k.src=a;for(o in d)k.setAttribute(o,d[o]);c=j?h:c||f,k.onreadystatechange=k.onload=function(){!l&&g(k.readyState)&&(l=1,c(),k.onload=k.onreadystatechange=null)},m(function(){l||(l=1,c(1))},e),i?k.onload():n.parentNode.insertBefore(k,n)},a.yepnope.injectCss=function(a,c,d,e,g,i){var e=b.createElement("link"),j,c=i?h:c||f;e.href=a,e.rel="stylesheet",e.type="text/css";for(j in d)e.setAttribute(j,d[j]);g||(n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n),m(c,0))}})(this,document); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- yepnope({ test: Modernizr.matchmedia, nope: '/sites/all/libraries/media-match/media.match.min.js' }); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- var _prum=[['id', '52e95df3abe53d2e33000000'], ['mark', 'firstbyte', (new Date()).getTime()]]; (function() { var s=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0], p=document.createElement('script'); p.async='async'; p.src='//rum-static.pingdom.net/prum.min.js';s.parentNode.insertBefore(p,s);})(); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- if(typeof window.MathJax === "undefined") window.MathJax = { menuSettings: { zoom: "Click" } }; //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-0K57TCX5BY", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true}); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings,{"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"jcore_1","theme_token":"0eKIZDIMSx-Gk8vLKznKctNnnTYaTOU6KI1vYvvGKHc"},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"highwire":{"nid":"350399","apath":"\/medrxiv\/early\/2021\/05\/14\/2021.05.13.21256639.atom","pisa":"medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639v1","ac":{"\/medrxiv\/early\/2021\/05\/14\/2021.05.13.21256639.atom":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"","apath":"\/medrxiv\/early\/2021\/05\/14\/2021.05.13.21256639.atom","jcode":"medrxiv"},"medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639v1":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639v1","apath":"","jcode":"medrxiv"}},"processed":["highwire_math"],"markup":[{"requested":"abstract","variant":"abstract","view":"abstract","pisa":"medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639v1"}],"modal_window_width":"560","share_modal_width":"560","share_modal_title":"Share this Article"},"jcarousel":{"ajaxPath":"\/jcarousel\/ajax\/views"},"instances":"{\u0022highwire_abstract_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:20,\u0022height\u0022:20,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-abstract-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-abstract-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022right center\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022left center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022shift\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter click \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}},\u0022highwire_author_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:15,\u0022height\u0022:15,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-author-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-author-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022bottom center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}},\u0022highwire_reflinks_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:15,\u0022height\u0022:15,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022mimic\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-ref-link-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-ref-link-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022bottom left\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022top left\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022flip\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}}}","qtipDebug":"{\u0022leaveElement\u0022:0}","panel_ajax_tab":{"path":"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab"},"disqus":{"domain":"medRxiv","url":"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.05.13.21256639v1","title":"Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant","identifier":"node\/350399"},"panels_ajax_pane":{"new-28877068-b9cb-4641-830b-b6b4638c98bb":"{\u0022encrypted\u0022:\u0022{\\\u0022encrypted\\\u0022:\\\u0022asFSDqNnmr4Lant8LBplYC7tg7GzBPRM3Fq4nzkq8ptpeWvBCIt83p3st37HqEGaxZI+VPF+JsQmuITeO7\\\\\\\/hvvcL1iwGV5mvv\\\\\\\/Fi6IpZ12O89JZL77IXE5VE8de0F+u7G4sJBHX6fsOitZygN\\\\\\\/O5dTZvRxDt2R0BggYKGwZwWLim\\\\\\\/lbvrNnl14764Yo8\\\\\\\/TvKTfzoH5ramqwIT8UaXeVIhuIgRf7G+xZspRny\\\\\\\/8ne\\\\\\\/mAkIU+lx2b9zgaQdpvGewbx5xYJvxlPr0YL\\\\\\\/wdEaiLMTeOddhhFISszfPG5p0qHxwDgP1WfY0MU\\\\\\\/gGmGJJ2OkHyTdTwnP\\\\\\\/J3FwVpr9JpTjAaVukOoRuYUgU\\\\\\\/+C7Y1njIiME9vwdLAzJW6f5iPfPjqyxjK9TyBR6Xje9+Lz5HQgh1afvqtS\\\\\\\/sUwrhwRVwGnkpG8rRB1VPNXuGPWJd3mzTUV870XXaJRXR3I+DUyzNLzSQTwinhscYOZjOtrH0mRLKOSp6cw2rXL3XrSgqhHikp8zDFklkvg1aw4rLlOLvmGUFumfdlJtzNY+mzZhm\\\\\\\/ml0vhbb95QABSUgyKTwz3MMR5jwxhxg19sWrfwn\\\\\\\/afYislJY1OX9ukqWhyE+B8umLo11TvYq3WxCmHofANdZzCnU1DJlY6g4foivucuA9PsiLqnpHMkW5+2CqZAQRXj\\\\\\\/5gu\\\\\\\/rw9qSwJikWYaG7gol9gdmrl22NoCC+A15U45WNBa5pb\\\\\\\/9zFD\\\\\\\/AcYshBiLtF57srisw\\\\\\\/SoCmyVckTZLaDl7hCPWfmyQNqnXEI3NX66QRSMZp4qBV1av\\\\\\\/\\\\\\\/tiIEPGA\\\\\\\/pmkPZZUdan98mBWdj+obZ1CxOes3NFYbb00TAImpUAd75nyocMuND1orXhsWuOIt4Tt\\\\\\\/HW9hpEkpotjUkNpZM8I2Fonb1sjCmav3YGqoAW0iRBGz\\\\\\\/tiGv4DC2M8gP1zEfN3wGHSHuNWHZOSqg6bY62mEO6aRSoqUA1n7B5thySpUB25\\\\\\\/43rzO603Ce\\\\\\\/ygE+Lt5JIa7G4K5rjYV5TgDc9P7MgzCp60Mc8EsFLYvvhgccpx\\\\\\\/oaB\\\\\\\/K7akr1vkZvf6FQB94Roqri3xfOgQgD7rnGH4qnskjNRj8GGdPQiibcPa1+bOP8Fr1xbCLpZBDbF27SKBP+fYFzBLbc3BsM4HQUW\\\\\\\/OY2OtI+Dto6Ok4yuub\\\\\\\/CwE9PWickaQ9Rtl+e2Ycz6iqeMs1SYJ2DPOVf8RJkgl5R\\\\\\\/4wKhIjvxz\\\\\\\/0SFts92TvP3HpBnP4ANw2I0cdq5MNNpwwvQpHv3WMArdhT2VJ6u4KEQysaNU9a+jl9piHDfJNLKopkfp\\\\\\\/cXR5VlhbZon3rdah2R7QDjYFIuG9Brqbqn1INole\\\u0022,\\\u0022iv\\\u0022:\\\u00224XWgLNwnuQxSAgCa9zvObQ==\\\u0022,\\\u0022salt\\\u0022:\\\u0022f9d8845712f72c9fee5db7d9ff111eab\\\u0022}\u0022,\u0022hmac\u0022:\u0022e98acdf8ed230658cb11d043e2eb78df6bc2aff784f4f49fccb073e5f0a9f8ce\u0022}"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/content\/10.1101\/2021.05.13.21256639v1":true},"ws_fl":{"width":100,"height":21},"ws_gpo":{"size":"","annotation":"","lang":"","callback":"","width":300},"color":{"logo":"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png"},"highwire_list_expand":{"is_collapsed":"1"},"highwireResponsive":{"enquire_enabled":1,"breakpoints_configured":1,"breakpoints":{"zero":"all and (min-width: 0px)","xsmall":"all and (min-width: 380px)","narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"popup_enabled":1,"popup_agreed_enabled":0,"popup_hide_agreed":0,"popup_clicking_confirmation":1,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Continue\u0022\n class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EContinue\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Find out more\u0022\n class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Continue\u0022\n class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EContinue\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Find out more\u0022\n class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":"768","popup_html_agreed":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content agreed\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2\u003EThank you for accepting cookies\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYou can now hide this message or find out more about cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022hide-popup-button eu-cookie-compliance-hide-button\u0022\u003EHide\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button-thank-you\u0022 \u003EMore info\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/help\/cookie-policy","popup_link_new_window":1,"popup_position":null,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":0,"reload_page":0,"domain":"","popup_eu_only_js":0,"cookie_lifetime":"365","cookie_session":false,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":0,"method":"default","whitelisted_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003E\u0026lt;h2\u0026gt;We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u0026lt;\/h2\u0026gt;\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;You have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u0026lt;\/p\u0026gt;\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button\u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","withdraw_enabled":false},"googleanalytics":{"account":["G-0K57TCX5BY"],"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackColorbox":1},"jnl_biorxiv_styles":{"defaultJCode":"medrxiv"},"omega":{"layouts":{"primary":"normal","order":["narrow","normal","wide"],"queries":{"narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}}}}); //--><!]]> </script> <!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script><![endif]--> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in page-node page-node- page-node-350399 node-type-highwire-article context-content hw-default-jcode-medrxiv hw-article-type-article"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P4HH5NV" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P4HH5NV');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="page clearfix page-box-shadows footer-borders panels-page panels-layout-jcore_2col" id="page"> <header id="section-header" class="section section-header"> <div id="zone-branding" class="zone zone-branding clearfix print-display-block container-30"> <div class="grid-15 prefix-1 region region-branding print-display-block" id="region-branding"> <div class="region-inner region-branding-inner"> <div class="branding-data clearfix"> <div class="logo-img"> <a href="/" rel="home" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img alt="medRxiv" src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/medrxiv_internal_logo.png" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-11 suffix-1 region region-branding-second print-hidden" id="region-branding-second"> <div class="region-inner region-branding-second-inner"> <div class="block block-system block-menu block-main-menu block-system-main-menu odd block-without-title" id="block-system-main-menu"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/" title="" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li> <li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-medrxiv" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> <li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/submit-a-manuscript" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Submit</a></li> <li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/alertsrss" title="" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ALERTS / RSS</a></li> </ul></nav> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-panels-mini block-biorxiv-search-box block-panels-mini-biorxiv-search-box even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-biorxiv-search-box"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-biorxiv_search_box"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch" > <div class="pane-content"> <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-0" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords"> <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_1697366988">Search for this keyword </label> <input placeholder="Search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_1697366988" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <div class="button-wrapper button-mini"><span class="icon-search"></span><input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_993537723" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-AO1lpn1T3aXmeaHcIfxpcm_wu4JJHJnjikYlmUrkyJA" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_0" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-2 advanced-search-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/search">Advanced Search</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="zone-header" class="zone zone-header clearfix container-30"> </div> </header> <section id="section-content" class="section section-content"> <div id="zone-content" class="zone zone-content clearfix container-30"> <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-content" id="region-content"> <div class="region-inner region-content-inner"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="block block-system block-main block-system-main odd block-without-title" id="block-system-main"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <div class="panel-display panels-960-layout jcore-2col-layout" > <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="main-content-wrapper grid-17 suffix-1 alpha"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node350399" data-node-nid="350399" id="node-350399--2161117589" data-pisa="medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639v1" data-pisa-master="medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639" data-apath="/medrxiv/early/2021/05/14/2021.05.13.21256639.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance=""><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-medrxiv-article-top clearfix has-author-tooltip" > <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant</h1> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first hw-author-orcid-logo-wrapper" data-delta="0"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-7433" target="_blank" class="hw-author-orcid-logo link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="hw-icon-orcid hw-icon-color-orcid"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">View ORCID Profile</span></a><span class="nlm-given-names">Paul T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heath</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Eva P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Galiza</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">David Neil</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Baxter</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marta</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Boffito</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Duncan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Browne</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fiona</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Burns</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">David R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chadwick</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Rebecca</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Clark</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Catherine</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cosgrove</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author hw-author-orcid-logo-wrapper" data-delta="9"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-2781" target="_blank" class="hw-author-orcid-logo link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="hw-icon-orcid hw-icon-color-orcid"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">View ORCID Profile</span></a><span class="nlm-given-names">James</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Galloway</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Anna L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Goodman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Amardeep</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Andrew</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Higham</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shalini</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Iyengar</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">Arham</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jamal</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Christopher</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jeanes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">Philip A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kalra</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">Christina</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kyriakidou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">Daniel F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">McAuley</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19"><span class="nlm-given-names">Agnieszka</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Meyrick</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="20"><span class="nlm-given-names">Angela M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Minassian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="21"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jane</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Minton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="22"><span class="nlm-given-names">Patrick</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Moore</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="23"><span class="nlm-given-names">Imrozia</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Munsoor</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="24"><span class="nlm-given-names">Helen</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nicholls</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="25"><span class="nlm-given-names">Orod</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Osanlou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="26"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jonathan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Packham</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="27"><span class="nlm-given-names">Carol H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pretswell</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="28"><span class="nlm-given-names">Alberto San</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Francisco Ramos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="29"><span class="nlm-given-names">Dinesh</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Saralaya</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="30"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ray P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sheridan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="31"><span class="nlm-given-names">Richard</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Smith</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="32"><span class="nlm-given-names">Roy L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Soiza</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="33"><span class="nlm-given-names">Pauline A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Swift</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author hw-author-orcid-logo-wrapper" data-delta="34"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-0889" target="_blank" class="hw-author-orcid-logo link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="hw-icon-orcid hw-icon-color-orcid"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">View ORCID Profile</span></a><span class="nlm-given-names">Emma C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Thomson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="35"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jeremy</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Turner</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="36"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marianne Elizabeth</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Viljoen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="37"><span class="nlm-given-names">Gary</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Albert</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="38"><span class="nlm-given-names">Iksung</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cho</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="39"><span class="nlm-given-names">Filip</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dubovsky</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="40"><span class="nlm-given-names">Greg</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Glenn</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="41"><span class="nlm-given-names">Joy</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rivers</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="42"><span class="nlm-given-names">Andreana</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Robertson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="43"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kathy</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Smith</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author hw-author-orcid-logo-wrapper" data-delta="44"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-812X" target="_blank" class="hw-author-orcid-logo link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="hw-icon-orcid hw-icon-color-orcid"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">View ORCID Profile</span></a><span class="nlm-given-names">Seth</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Toback</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639 </span></div> </div> <div id="hw-article-author-popups-node-350399--2161117589" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Paul T. Heath </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>1</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Vaccine Institute, St. George’s, University of London and St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</span>, London, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>FRCPCH</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Paul%2BT.%2BHeath%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Heath%20PT&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3APaul%2BT.%2BHeath%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-7433" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Paul T. Heath</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Eva P. Galiza </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>1</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Vaccine Institute, St. George’s, University of London and St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</span>, London, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBBS</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Eva%2BP.%2BGaliza%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Galiza%20EP&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AEva%2BP.%2BGaliza%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">David Neil Baxter </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>2</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stepping Hill Hospital</span>, Poplar Grove, Stockport, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MD, PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=David%2BNeil%2BBaxter%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Baxter%20DN&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ADavid%2BNeil%2BBaxter%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Marta Boffito </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>3</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London</span>, London, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MD, PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Marta%2BBoffito%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Boffito%20M&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AMarta%2BBoffito%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Duncan Browne </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>4</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust</span>, Truro, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Duncan%2BBrowne%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Browne%20D&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ADuncan%2BBrowne%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Fiona Burns </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>5</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Institute for Global Health, University College London, and Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust</span>, London, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Fiona%2BBurns%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Burns%20F&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AFiona%2BBurns%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">David R. Chadwick </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>6</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Centre for Clinical Infection, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, James Cook University Hospital</span>, Middlesbrough, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=David%2BR.%2BChadwick%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chadwick%20DR&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ADavid%2BR.%2BChadwick%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Rebecca Clark </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>7</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Layton Medical Centre</span>, Blackpool, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBChB</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Rebecca%2BClark%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Clark%20R&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ARebecca%2BClark%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Catherine Cosgrove </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>1</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Vaccine Institute, St. George’s, University of London and St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</span>, London, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Catherine%2BCosgrove%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cosgrove%20C&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ACatherine%2BCosgrove%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">James Galloway </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>8</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Centre for Rheumatic Disease, Kings College London</span>, London, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=James%2BGalloway%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Galloway%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJames%2BGalloway%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-2781" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for James Galloway</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Anna L. Goodman </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>9</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, and MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London</span>, London, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>DPhil</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Anna%2BL.%2BGoodman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Goodman%20AL&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAnna%2BL.%2BGoodman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Amardeep Heer </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>10</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Lakeside Healthcare Research, Lakeside Surgeries Corby</span>, Northants, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBChB</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Amardeep%2BHeer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Heer%20A&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAmardeep%2BHeer%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Andrew Higham </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>11</span><span class='nlm-institution'>University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust</span>, Kendal, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Andrew%2BHigham%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Higham%20A&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAndrew%2BHigham%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Shalini Iyengar </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>12</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Hexham Dedicated Research Site, Hexham General Hospital</span>, Hexham, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBBS</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Shalini%2BIyengar%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Iyengar%20S&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AShalini%2BIyengar%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Arham Jamal </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>13</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Thames Valley Dedicated Research Site, Wellington House</span>, Worton Drive, Worton Grange, Reading, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBBCH</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Arham%2BJamal%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jamal%20A&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AArham%2BJamal%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-15"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Christopher Jeanes </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>14</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</span>, Norwich, Norfolk, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBBS</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Christopher%2BJeanes%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jeanes%20C&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AChristopher%2BJeanes%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-16"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Philip A. Kalra </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>15</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Care Alliance</span>, Salford, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Philip%2BA.%2BKalra%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kalra%20PA&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3APhilip%2BA.%2BKalra%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-17"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Christina Kyriakidou </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>16</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Midlands Dedicated Research Site, Birmingham Research Park</span>, Birmingham, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Christina%2BKyriakidou%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kyriakidou%20C&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AChristina%2BKyriakidou%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-18"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Daniel F. McAuley </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>17</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust</span>, Belfast, Northern Ireland, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Daniel%2BF.%2BMcAuley%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=McAuley%20DF&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ADaniel%2BF.%2BMcAuley%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-19"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Agnieszka Meyrick </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>18</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Merseyside Dedicated Research Site</span>, Burlington House, Waterloo, Liverpool, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Agnieszka%2BMeyrick%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Meyrick%20A&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAgnieszka%2BMeyrick%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-20"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Angela M. Minassian </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>19</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital</span>, Oxford, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>DPhil</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Angela%2BM.%2BMinassian%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Minassian%20AM&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAngela%2BM.%2BMinassian%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-21"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Jane Minton </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>20</span><span class='nlm-institution'>St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust</span>, Leeds, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Jane%2BMinton%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Minton%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJane%2BMinton%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-22"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Patrick Moore </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>21</span><span class='nlm-institution'>The Adam Practice</span>, Poole, Dorset, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span>, and <span class='nlm-institution'>University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust</span>, Southampton, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>BScBM</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Patrick%2BMoore%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Moore%20P&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3APatrick%2BMoore%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-23"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Imrozia Munsoor </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>22</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Glasgow Dedicated Research Site</span>, Venture Building, Kelvin Campus, Glasgow, Scotland, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBBS</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Imrozia%2BMunsoor%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Munsoor%20I&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AImrozia%2BMunsoor%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-24"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Helen Nicholls </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>23</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Wales Dedicated Research Site, Riverside Court Gwaelod-y-Garth</span>, Cardiff, Wales, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBBCh</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Helen%2BNicholls%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Nicholls%20H&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AHelen%2BNicholls%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-25"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Orod Osanlou </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>24</span><span class='nlm-institution'>School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, and Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board</span>, Wales, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBChB</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Orod%2BOsanlou%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Osanlou%20O&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AOrod%2BOsanlou%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-26"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Jonathan Packham </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>25</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham</span>, Nottingham <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span>, and <span class='nlm-institution'>Haywood Hospital, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust</span>, Stafford, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>DM</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Jonathan%2BPackham%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Packham%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJonathan%2BPackham%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-27"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Carol H. Pretswell </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>26</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Lancashire Dedicated Research Site, Matrix Park Buckshaw Village</span>, Chorley, Lancashire, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBChB</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Carol%2BH.%2BPretswell%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pretswell%20CH&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ACarol%2BH.%2BPretswell%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-28"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Alberto San Francisco Ramos </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>1</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Vaccine Institute, St. George’s, University of London and St. Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</span>, London, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MB</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Alberto%2BSan%2BFrancisco%2BRamos%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Francisco%20Ramos%20AS&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAlberto%2BSan%2BFrancisco%2BRamos%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-29"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Dinesh Saralaya </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>27</span><span class='nlm-institution'>National Institute for Health Research Patient Recruitment Centre and Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</span>, Bradford, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Dinesh%2BSaralaya%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Saralaya%20D&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ADinesh%2BSaralaya%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-30"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Ray P. Sheridan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>28</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital</span>, Exeter, Devon, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBChB</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Ray%2BP.%2BSheridan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sheridan%20RP&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ARay%2BP.%2BSheridan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-31"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Richard Smith </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>29</span><span class='nlm-institution'>East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust and University of Essex</span>, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Richard%2BSmith%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Smith%20R&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ARichard%2BSmith%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-32"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Roy L. Soiza </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>30</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, and Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Group, University of Aberdeen</span>, Aberdeen, Scotland, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBChB</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Roy%2BL.%2BSoiza%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Soiza%20RL&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ARoy%2BL.%2BSoiza%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-33"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Pauline A. Swift </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>31</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Renal Services, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust</span>, London, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Pauline%2BA.%2BSwift%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Swift%20PA&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3APauline%2BA.%2BSwift%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-34"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Emma C. Thomson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>32</span><span class='nlm-institution'>MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, and Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde</span>, Glasgow, Scotland, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Emma%2BC.%2BThomson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Thomson%20EC&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AEmma%2BC.%2BThomson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-0889" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Emma C. Thomson</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-35"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Jeremy Turner </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>14</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</span>, Norwich, Norfolk, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>DPhil (Oxon)</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Jeremy%2BTurner%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Turner%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJeremy%2BTurner%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-36"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Marianne Elizabeth Viljoen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>33</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Accelerated Enrollment Solutions, Synexus Manchester Dedicated Research Site</span>, Kilburn House, Manchester, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div>MBChB</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Marianne%2BElizabeth%2BViljoen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Viljoen%20ME&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AMarianne%2BElizabeth%2BViljoen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-37"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Gary Albert </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>34</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Novavax, Inc.</span>, Gaithersburg, MD, <span class='nlm-country'>USA</span></div>MS</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Gary%2BAlbert%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Albert%20G&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AGary%2BAlbert%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-38"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Iksung Cho </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>34</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Novavax, Inc.</span>, Gaithersburg, MD, <span class='nlm-country'>USA</span></div>MS</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Iksung%2BCho%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cho%20I&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AIksung%2BCho%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-39"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Filip Dubovsky </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>34</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Novavax, Inc.</span>, Gaithersburg, MD, <span class='nlm-country'>USA</span></div>MD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Filip%2BDubovsky%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dubovsky%20F&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AFilip%2BDubovsky%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-40"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Greg Glenn </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>34</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Novavax, Inc.</span>, Gaithersburg, MD, <span class='nlm-country'>USA</span></div>MD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Greg%2BGlenn%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Glenn%20G&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AGreg%2BGlenn%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-41"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Joy Rivers </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>34</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Novavax, Inc.</span>, Gaithersburg, MD, <span class='nlm-country'>USA</span></div>PhD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Joy%2BRivers%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rivers%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJoy%2BRivers%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-42"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Andreana Robertson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>34</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Novavax, Inc.</span>, Gaithersburg, MD, <span class='nlm-country'>USA</span></div>MS</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Andreana%2BRobertson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Robertson%20A&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAndreana%2BRobertson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-43"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Kathy Smith </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>34</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Novavax, Inc.</span>, Gaithersburg, MD, <span class='nlm-country'>USA</span></div>MD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Kathy%2BSmith%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Smith%20K&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AKathy%2BSmith%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-44"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Seth Toback </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>34</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Novavax, Inc.</span>, Gaithersburg, MD, <span class='nlm-country'>USA</span></div>MD</span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Seth%2BToback%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Toback%20S&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ASeth%2BToback%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-812X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Seth Toback</a></li><li class="author-corresp-email-link last"><span>For correspondence: <a href="mailto:stoback@novavax.com" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">stoback@novavax.com</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs pane-panels-ajax-tab-tabs" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="item-list"><ul class="tabs inline panels-ajax-tab"><li class="first"><a href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="biorxiv_tab_art" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:350399" data-trigger="" data-url-enabled="1">Abstract</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:350399/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.full-text" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="article_tab_full_text" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:350399" data-trigger="full-text" data-url-enabled="1">Full Text</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_full_text/node:350399/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.article-info" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="biorxiv_tab_info" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:350399" data-trigger="article-info" data-url-enabled="1">Info/History</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:350399/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.article-metrics" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="article_tab_metrics" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:350399" data-trigger="article-metrics" data-url-enabled="1">Metrics</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:350399/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.supplementary-material" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="biorxiv_tab_data" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:350399" data-trigger="supplementary-material" data-url-enabled="1">Supplementary material</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_data/node:350399/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.external-links" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="article_tab_data_code" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:350399" data-trigger="external-links" data-url-enabled="1">Data/Code</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_data_code/node:350399/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li class="last"><a href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.full.pdf+html" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="biorxiv_tab_pdf" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:350399" data-trigger="full.pdf+html" data-url-enabled="1"><i class="icon-file-alt"></i> Preview PDF</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:350399/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs-container" > <div class="pane-content"> <div data-panels-ajax-tab-preloaded="biorxiv_tab_art" id="panels-ajax-tab-container-highwire_article_tabs" class="panels-ajax-tab-container"><div class="panels-ajax-tab-loading" style ="display:none"><img class="loading" src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif" alt="Loading" title="Loading" /></div><div class="panels-ajax-tab-wrap-biorxiv_tab_art"><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" > <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-markup" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1"><h2 class="">ABSTRACT</h2><div id="sec-1" class="subsection"><p id="p-2"><strong>Background</strong> Covid-19 vaccines are urgently needed, especially against emerging variants. NVX-CoV2373 is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 rS) nanoparticle vaccine containing trimeric full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and Matrix-M adjuvant.</p></div><div id="sec-2" class="subsection"><p id="p-3"><strong>Methods</strong> A phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adults 18-84 years old who received two intramuscular 5-µg doses, 21 days apart, of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo (1:1) across 33 sites in the United Kingdom. The primary efficacy endpoint was virologically confirmed symptomatic Covid-19 with onset 7 days after second vaccination in serologically negative participants.</p></div><div id="sec-3" class="subsection"><p id="p-4"><strong>Results</strong> A total of 15,187 participants were randomized, of whom 7569 received NVX-CoV2373 and 7570 received placebo; 27.2% were 65 years or older, 44.7% had comorbidities and 4.2% had baseline serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2. There were 10 cases of Covid-19 among NVX-CoV2373 recipients and 96 cases among placebo recipients, with symptom onset at least 7 days after second vaccination; NVX-CoV2373 was 89.7% (95% confidence interval, 80.2 to 94.6) effective in preventing Covid-19, with no hospitalizations or deaths reported. There were five cases of severe Covid-19, all in the placebo group. Post hoc analysis revealed efficacies of 96.4% (73.8 to 99.5) and 86.3% (71.3 to 93.5) against the prototype strain and B.1.1.7 variant, respectively. Vaccine efficacy was similar across subgroups, including participants with comorbidities and those ≥65 years old. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and similar in the two groups.</p></div><div id="sec-4" class="subsection"><p id="p-5"><strong>Conclusion</strong> A two-dose regimen of NVX-CoV2373 conferred 89.7% protection against a blend of prototype and variant Covid-19, demonstrated high efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant, and had a reassuring safety profile.</p><p id="p-6">(Funded by Novavax, Inc. EudraCT number, 2020-004123-16).</p></div></div><h3>Competing Interest Statement</h3><p id="p-7">Disclosure forms provided by the authors will be available with the full text of this article upon publication.</p><h3>Clinical Trial</h3><p id="p-8">NCT04583995</p><h3>Clinical Protocols</h3><p id="p-9"> <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04583995">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04583995</a> </p><p id="p-10"> <a href="https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004123-16/GB">https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004123-16/GB</a> </p><h3>Funding Statement</h3><p id="p-11">Funded by Novavax, Inc. EudraCT number, 2020-004123-16</p><h3>Author Declarations</h3><p id="p-12">I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.</p><p id="p-13">Yes</p><p id="p-14">The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:</p><p id="p-15">The trial protocol was approved by the North West-Greater Manchester Central Research Ethics Committee (Ref 20/NW/03/99) and was performed in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines (see protocol in the Supplementary Appendix).</p><p id="p-16">All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.</p><p id="p-17">Yes</p><p id="p-18">I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).</p><p id="p-19">Yes</p><p id="p-20">I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.</p><p id="p-21">Yes</p><div class="section data-availability" id="sec-20"><h2 class="">Data Availability</h2><p id="p-58">Limited data will be available on the following websites: </p><p id="p-59"> <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04583995">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04583995</a> </p><p id="p-60"> <a href="https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004123-16/GB">https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-004123-16/GB</a> </p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-biorxiv-copyright" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-name-field-highwire-copyright field-type-text field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Copyright </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.<span class="license-type-none"> All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.</span></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-disqus-comment" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="disqus_thread"><noscript><p><a href="http://medRxiv.disqus.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medrxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.1101%2F2021.05.13.21256639v1" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View the discussion thread.</a></p></noscript></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-back-to-top" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="#page" class="back-to-top" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="icon-chevron-up"></span> Back to top</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar-right-wrapper grid-10 omega"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-sidebar-right"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-node-pager" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="pager highwire-pager pager-mini clearfix highwire-node-pager highwire-article-pager"><span class="pager-prev"><a href="/content/10.1101/2021.04.23.21255984v2" title="Bayesian, Universal COVID Testing" rel="prev" class="pager-link-prev link-icon"><span class="icon-circle-arrow-left"></span> <span class="title">Previous</span></a></span><span class="pager-next"><a href="/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252555v2" title="Introductions and evolutions of SARS-CoV-2 strains in Japan" rel="next" class="pager-link-next link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Next</span> <span class="icon-circle-arrow-right"></span></a></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1" > <div class="pane-content"> Posted May 14, 2021. </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-biorxiv-art-tools" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="mini-panel-biorxiv_art_tools" class="highwire-2col-stacked panel-display"> <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="content-left-wrapper content-column"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content-left"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-variant-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.full.pdf" target="_self" class="article-dl-pdf-link link-icon"><span class="icon-external-link-sign"></span> <span class="title">Download PDF</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-biorxiv-supplementary-fragment" > <div class="pane-content"> <p><a href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1.supplementary-material"><i class="icon-file"></i>Supplementary Material </a></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-variant-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/content/early/2021/05/14/2021.05.13.21256639.external-links" target="_self" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-file"></span> <span class="title">Data/Code</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-right-wrapper content-column"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content-right"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-minipanel-dialog-link pane-biorxiv-art-email" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='minipanel-dialog-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-link'><a href="/" oncontextmenu="javascript: return false;" class="minipanel-dialog-link-trigger" title="Email this Article" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><i class = 'icon-envelope'></i> Email</a></div><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-mini' style='display:none'><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-biorxiv_art_email"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-forward-form pane-forward" > <div class="pane-content"> <form action="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1" method="post" id="forward-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-instructions" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item"> <p>Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about medRxiv.</p><p>NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article.</p> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textfield form-item-email"> <label for="edit-email">Your Email <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input type="text" id="edit-email" name="email" value="" size="58" maxlength="256" class="form-text required" /> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textfield form-item-name"> <label for="edit-name">Your Name <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="58" maxlength="256" class="form-text required" /> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textarea form-item-recipients"> <label for="edit-recipients">Send To <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <div class="form-textarea-wrapper resizable"><textarea id="edit-recipients" name="recipients" cols="50" rows="5" class="form-textarea required"></textarea></div> <div class="description">Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.</div> </div> <div id="edit-page" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item"> <label for="edit-page">You are going to email the following </label> <a href="/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant</a> </div> <div id="edit-subject" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item"> <label for="edit-subject">Message Subject </label> (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from medRxiv </div> <div id="edit-body" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item"> <label for="edit-body">Message Body </label> (Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from the medRxiv website. </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textarea form-item-message"> <label for="edit-message--2">Your Personal Message </label> <div class="form-textarea-wrapper resizable"><textarea id="edit-message--2" name="message" cols="50" rows="10" class="form-textarea"></textarea></div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="path" value="node/350399" /> <input type="hidden" name="path_cid" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="forward_footer" value=" " /> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-FIs4Bs_W7UEdw11sxxDraTDdsYIffYvCJuus-jsxFTI" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="forward_form" /> <fieldset class="captcha form-wrapper"><legend><span class="fieldset-legend">CAPTCHA</span></legend><div class="fieldset-wrapper"><div class="fieldset-description">This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.</div><input type="hidden" name="captcha_sid" value="433945034" /> <input type="hidden" name="captcha_token" value="bc7f3d4d3cc5f876f6e9f455faf8196a" /> <input type="hidden" name="captcha_response" value="Google no captcha" /> <div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfnJVIUAAAAAE-bUOMg0MJGki4lqSvDmhJp19fN" data-theme="light" data-type="image"></div></div></fieldset> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Send Message" class="form-submit" /></div></div></form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-share-link highwire_clipboard_link_ajax" id="shareit"> <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-share-alt"></span> <span class="title">Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-biorxiv-share highwire_clipboard_form_ajax_shareit" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-display omega-12-onecol" id="mini-panel-biorxiv_share"> <div class="panel-panel grid-12 panel-region-preface"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node350399--3" data-node-nid="350399" id="node-350399--41930772400" data-pisa="medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639v1" data-pisa-master="medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639" data-seqnum="350399" data-apath="/medrxiv/early/2021/05/14/2021.05.13.21256639.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list clearfix" > <div class="highwire-cite-title" > <div class="highwire-cite-title">Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant</div> </div> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Paul T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heath</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Eva P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Galiza</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">David Neil</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Baxter</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marta</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Boffito</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Duncan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Browne</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fiona</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Burns</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">David R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chadwick</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Rebecca</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Clark</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Catherine</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cosgrove</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">James</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Galloway</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Anna L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Goodman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Amardeep</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Andrew</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Higham</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shalini</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Iyengar</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">Arham</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jamal</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Christopher</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jeanes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">Philip A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kalra</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">Christina</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kyriakidou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">Daniel F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">McAuley</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19"><span class="nlm-given-names">Agnieszka</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Meyrick</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="20"><span class="nlm-given-names">Angela M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Minassian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="21"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jane</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Minton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="22"><span class="nlm-given-names">Patrick</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Moore</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="23"><span class="nlm-given-names">Imrozia</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Munsoor</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="24"><span class="nlm-given-names">Helen</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nicholls</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="25"><span class="nlm-given-names">Orod</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Osanlou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="26"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jonathan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Packham</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="27"><span class="nlm-given-names">Carol H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pretswell</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="28"><span class="nlm-given-names">Alberto San</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Francisco Ramos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="29"><span class="nlm-given-names">Dinesh</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Saralaya</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="30"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ray P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sheridan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="31"><span class="nlm-given-names">Richard</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Smith</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="32"><span class="nlm-given-names">Roy L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Soiza</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="33"><span class="nlm-given-names">Pauline A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Swift</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="34"><span class="nlm-given-names">Emma C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Thomson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="35"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jeremy</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Turner</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="36"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marianne Elizabeth</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Viljoen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="37"><span class="nlm-given-names">Gary</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Albert</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="38"><span class="nlm-given-names">Iksung</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cho</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="39"><span class="nlm-given-names">Filip</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dubovsky</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="40"><span class="nlm-given-names">Greg</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Glenn</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="41"><span class="nlm-given-names">Joy</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rivers</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="42"><span class="nlm-given-names">Andreana</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Robertson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="43"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kathy</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Smith</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="44"><span class="nlm-given-names">Seth</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Toback</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">medRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2021.05.13.21256639; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639 </span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-panel grid-12 panel-region-content"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-clipboard-copy" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class = "clipboard-copy"> <span class="label-url"> <label for="dynamic">Share This Article:</label> </span> <span class="input-text-url"> <input type="text" id="dynamic" value="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1" size="50"/> </span> <span class="copy-button button"> <button id="copy-dynamic" class="clipboardjs-button" data-clipboard-target="#dynamic" data-clipboard-alert-style="tooltip" data-clipboard-alert-text="Copied!">Copy</button> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-panel grid-12 panel-region-postscript"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-service-links text-center" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="service-links"><a href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A//www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1&text=Efficacy%20of%20the%20NVX-CoV2373%20Covid-19%20Vaccine%20Against%20the%20B.1.1.7%20Variant" id="twitter" title="Share this on Twitter" class="service-links-twitter" rel="nofollow" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/twitter.png" alt="Twitter logo" /></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A//www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1&t=Efficacy%20of%20the%20NVX-CoV2373%20Covid-19%20Vaccine%20Against%20the%20B.1.1.7%20Variant" id="facebook" title="Share on Facebook" class="service-links-facebook" rel="nofollow" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/fb-blue.png" alt="Facebook logo" /></a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A//www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1&title=Efficacy%20of%20the%20NVX-CoV2373%20Covid-19%20Vaccine%20Against%20the%20B.1.1.7%20Variant&summary=&source=medRxiv" id="linkedin" title="Publish this post to LinkedIn" class="service-links-linkedin" rel="nofollow" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/linkedin-32px.png" alt="LinkedIn logo" /></a> <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https%3A//www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1&title=Efficacy%20of%20the%20NVX-CoV2373%20Covid-19%20Vaccine%20Against%20the%20B.1.1.7%20Variant" id="mendeley" title="Share on Mendeley" class="service-links-mendeley" rel="nofollow" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/mendeley.png" alt="Mendeley logo" /></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-minipanel-dialog-link pane-biorxiv-cite-tool" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='minipanel-dialog-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-link'><a href="/" oncontextmenu="javascript: return false;" class="minipanel-dialog-link-trigger link-icon" title="Citation Tools"><span class="icon-globe"></span> <span class="title">Citation Tools</span></a></div><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-mini' style='display:none'><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-biorxiv_cite_tool"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-citation-export" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-citation-export"> <div class="highwire-citation-info"> <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article cite-tool-node350399--5" data-node-nid="350399" id="citation-node-350399--6120713097" data-pisa="medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639v1" data-pisa-master="medrxiv;2021.05.13.21256639" data-seqnum="350399" data-apath="/medrxiv/early/2021/05/14/2021.05.13.21256639.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list clearfix" > <div class="highwire-cite-title" > <div class="highwire-cite-title">Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant</div> </div> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Paul T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heath</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Eva P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Galiza</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">David Neil</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Baxter</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marta</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Boffito</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Duncan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Browne</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fiona</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Burns</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">David R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chadwick</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Rebecca</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Clark</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Catherine</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cosgrove</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">James</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Galloway</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Anna L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Goodman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Amardeep</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Andrew</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Higham</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shalini</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Iyengar</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">Arham</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jamal</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Christopher</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jeanes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">Philip A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kalra</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">Christina</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kyriakidou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">Daniel F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">McAuley</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19"><span class="nlm-given-names">Agnieszka</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Meyrick</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="20"><span class="nlm-given-names">Angela M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Minassian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="21"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jane</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Minton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="22"><span class="nlm-given-names">Patrick</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Moore</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="23"><span class="nlm-given-names">Imrozia</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Munsoor</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="24"><span class="nlm-given-names">Helen</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nicholls</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="25"><span class="nlm-given-names">Orod</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Osanlou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="26"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jonathan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Packham</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="27"><span class="nlm-given-names">Carol H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pretswell</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="28"><span class="nlm-given-names">Alberto San</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Francisco Ramos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="29"><span class="nlm-given-names">Dinesh</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Saralaya</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="30"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ray P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sheridan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="31"><span class="nlm-given-names">Richard</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Smith</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="32"><span class="nlm-given-names">Roy L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Soiza</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="33"><span class="nlm-given-names">Pauline A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Swift</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="34"><span class="nlm-given-names">Emma C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Thomson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="35"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jeremy</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Turner</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="36"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marianne Elizabeth</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Viljoen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="37"><span class="nlm-given-names">Gary</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Albert</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="38"><span class="nlm-given-names">Iksung</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cho</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="39"><span class="nlm-given-names">Filip</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dubovsky</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="40"><span class="nlm-given-names">Greg</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Glenn</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="41"><span class="nlm-given-names">Joy</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rivers</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="42"><span class="nlm-given-names">Andreana</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Robertson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="43"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kathy</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Smith</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="44"><span class="nlm-given-names">Seth</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Toback</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">medRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2021.05.13.21256639; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639 </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="highwire-citation-formats"> <h2>Citation Manager Formats</h2> <div class="highwire-citation-formats-links"> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.spage&rft.epage&rft.atitle=Efficacy%20of%20the%20NVX-CoV2373%20Covid-19%20Vaccine%20Against%20the%20B.1.1.7%20Variant&rft.volume&rft.issue&rft.date=2021-01-01%2000%3A00%3A00&rft.stitle&rft.jtitle=medRxiv&rft.au=Heath%2C+Paul+T.&rft.au=Galiza%2C+Eva+P.&rft.au=Baxter%2C+David+Neil&rft.au=Boffito%2C+Marta&rft.au=Browne%2C+Duncan&rft.au=Burns%2C+Fiona&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+David+R.&rft.au=Clark%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Cosgrove%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Galloway%2C+James&rft.au=Goodman%2C+Anna+L.&rft.au=Heer%2C+Amardeep&rft.au=Higham%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Iyengar%2C+Shalini&rft.au=Jamal%2C+Arham&rft.au=Jeanes%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Kalra%2C+Philip+A.&rft.au=Kyriakidou%2C+Christina&rft.au=McAuley%2C+Daniel+F.&rft.au=Meyrick%2C+Agnieszka&rft.au=Minassian%2C+Angela+M.&rft.au=Minton%2C+Jane&rft.au=Moore%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Munsoor%2C+Imrozia&rft.au=Nicholls%2C+Helen&rft.au=Osanlou%2C+Orod&rft.au=Packham%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Pretswell%2C+Carol+H.&rft.au=Francisco+Ramos%2C+Alberto+San&rft.au=Saralaya%2C+Dinesh&rft.au=Sheridan%2C+Ray+P.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Richard&rft.au=Soiza%2C+Roy+L.&rft.au=Swift%2C+Pauline+A.&rft.au=Thomson%2C+Emma+C.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Jeremy&rft.au=Viljoen%2C+Marianne+Elizabeth&rft.au=Albert%2C+Gary&rft.au=Cho%2C+Iksung&rft.au=Dubovsky%2C+Filip&rft.au=Glenn%2C+Greg&rft.au=Rivers%2C+Joy&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Andreana&rft.au=Smith%2C+Kathy&rft.au=Toback%2C+Seth"></span><ul class="hw-citation-links inline button button-alt button-grid clearfix"><li class="bibtext first"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/bibtext" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">BibTeX</a></li><li class="bookends"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/bookends" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Bookends</a></li><li class="easybib"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/easybib" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EasyBib</a></li><li class="endnote-tagged"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/endnote-tagged" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EndNote (tagged)</a></li><li class="endnote-8-xml"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/endnote-8-xml" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EndNote 8 (xml)</a></li><li class="medlars"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/medlars" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Medlars</a></li><li class="mendeley"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/mendeley" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Mendeley</a></li><li class="papers"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/papers" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Papers</a></li><li class="refworks-tagged"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/refworks-tagged" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">RefWorks Tagged</a></li><li class="reference-manager"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/reference-manager" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Ref Manager</a></li><li class="ris"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/ris" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">RIS</a></li><li class="zotero last"><a href="/highwire/citation/350399/zotero" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Zotero</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-service-links" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="service-links"><div class="item-list"><ul><li class="first"><a href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A//www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1&count=horizontal&via=&text=Efficacy%20of%20the%20NVX-CoV2373%20Covid-19%20Vaccine%20Against%20the%20B.1.1.7%20Variant&counturl=https%3A//www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" id="twitter_widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Tweet Widget</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A//www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1&layout=button_count&show_faces=false&action=like&colorscheme=light&width=100&height=21&font=&locale=" id="facebook_like" title="I Like it" class="service-links-facebook-like" rel="nofollow" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Facebook Like</span></a></li><li class="last"><a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1" id="google_plus_one" title="Plus it" class="service-links-google-plus-one" rel="nofollow" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Google Plus One</span></a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-collections" > <h2 class="pane-title">Subject Area</h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-list-wrapper highwire-article-collections"><div class="highwire-list"><ul class="highwire-article-collection-term-list"><li class="first last odd"><span class="highwire-article-collection-term"><a href="/collection/infectious_diseases" class="highlight" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS)<i class="icon-caret-right"></i> </a></span></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-biorxiv-subject-collections block-style-col2" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-flexible panels-flexible-new clearfix" id="mini-panel-biorxiv_subject_collections"> <div class="panel-flexible-inside panels-flexible-new-inside"> <div class="panels-flexible-region panels-flexible-region-new-center panels-flexible-region-first panels-flexible-region-last"> <div class="inside panels-flexible-region-inside panels-flexible-region-new-center-inside panels-flexible-region-inside-first panels-flexible-region-inside-last"> <div class="panel-pane pane-snippet" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="snippet biorxiv-subject-areas-table-title" id="biorxiv-subject-areas-table-title"> <div class="snippet-content"> <b>Subject Areas</b> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="snippet biorxiv-subject-areas-view-papers" id="biorxiv-subject-areas-view-papers"> <div class="snippet-content"> <a href="/content/early/recent"><strong>All Articles</strong></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-subject-collections" > <div class="pane-content"> <ul id="collection" class="collection highwire-list-expand"><li class="outer collection depth-2 child first"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/addiction-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Addiction Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(408)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/allergy-and-immunology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Allergy and Immunology</a> <span class = "article-count">(719)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/anesthesia" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Anesthesia</a> <span class = "article-count">(214)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/cardiovascular-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Cardiovascular Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(3041)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/dentistry-and-oral-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Dentistry and Oral Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(345)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/dermatology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Dermatology</a> <span class = "article-count">(258)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/emergency-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Emergency Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(456)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/endocrinology-including-diabetes-mellitus-and-metabolic-disease" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Endocrinology (including Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Disease)</a> <span class = "article-count">(1077)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/epidemiology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Epidemiology</a> <span class = "article-count">(12962)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/forensic-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forensic Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(12)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/gastroenterology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Gastroenterology</a> <span class = "article-count">(848)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/genetic-and-genomic-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Genetic and Genomic Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(4772)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/geriatric-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Geriatric Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(440)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/health-economics" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Health Economics</a> <span class = "article-count">(747)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/health-informatics" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Health Informatics</a> <span class = "article-count">(3028)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/health-policy" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Health Policy</a> <span class = "article-count">(1095)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/health-systems-and-quality-improvement" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Health Systems and Quality Improvement</a> <span class = "article-count">(1116)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/hematology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Hematology</a> <span class = "article-count">(405)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/hiv-aids" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">HIV/AIDS</a> <span class = "article-count">(952)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/infectious_diseases" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS)</a> <span class = "article-count">(14268)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/intensive-care-and-critical-care-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Intensive Care and Critical Care Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(873)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/medical-education" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Medical Education</a> <span class = "article-count">(450)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/medical-ethics" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Medical Ethics</a> <span class = "article-count">(119)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/nephrology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Nephrology</a> <span class = "article-count">(490)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/neurology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Neurology</a> <span class = "article-count">(4544)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/nursing" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Nursing</a> <span class = "article-count">(242)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/nutrition" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Nutrition</a> <span class = "article-count">(671)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/obstetrics-and-gynecology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Obstetrics and Gynecology</a> <span class = "article-count">(837)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/occupational-and-environmental-health" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Occupational and Environmental Health</a> <span class = "article-count">(759)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/oncology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Oncology</a> <span class = "article-count">(2364)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/ophthalmology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Ophthalmology</a> <span class = "article-count">(666)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/orthopedics" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Orthopedics</a> <span class = "article-count">(264)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/otolaryngology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Otolaryngology</a> <span class = "article-count">(332)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/pain-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Pain Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(296)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/palliative-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Palliative Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(86)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/pathology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Pathology</a> <span class = "article-count">(512)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/pediatrics" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Pediatrics</a> <span class = "article-count">(1231)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/pharmacology-and-therapeutics" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Pharmacology and Therapeutics</a> <span class = "article-count">(516)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/primary-care-research" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Primary Care Research</a> <span class = "article-count">(515)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/psychiatry-and-clinical-psychology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology</a> <span class = "article-count">(3912)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/public-and-global-health" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Public and Global Health</a> <span class = "article-count">(7135)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/radiology-and-imaging" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Radiology and Imaging</a> <span class = "article-count">(1587)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/rehabilitation-medicine-and-physical-therapy" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy</a> <span class = "article-count">(944)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/respiratory-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Respiratory Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(940)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/rheumatology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Rheumatology</a> <span class = "article-count">(456)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/sexual-and-reproductive-health" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Sexual and Reproductive Health</a> <span class = "article-count">(467)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/sports-medicine" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Sports Medicine</a> <span class = "article-count">(396)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/surgery" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Surgery</a> <span class = "article-count">(504)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/toxicology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Toxicology</a> <span class = "article-count">(63)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/transplantation" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Transplantation</a> <span class = "article-count">(218)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child last"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/urology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Urology</a> <span class = "article-count">(187)</span></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="region region-page-bottom" id="region-page-bottom"> <div class="region-inner region-page-bottom-inner"> </div> </div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__Vh5BcRYb6VtLoN3uam6O4DIKltYUVMjVDWtakoysPq0__Wed8jsPTirEozek7dWSCS8970Cp7a9xKKgFk6FPuSVM__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://d33xdlntwy0kbs.cloudfront.net/cshl_custom_medrxiv.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.medrxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__BmqjBnkz3MgYCAoc25s1lDRMEjLhC3mEPVonUFIHi08__Unwv5-ZIuHBfFwytsjEx1niBVJ7n1T4lPws7VrkHXM4__lz9-OfxnITt-xed_XU0DjG3rnH2NYP9VDT5eoh6gtQE.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- function euCookieComplianceLoadScripts() {} //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- var eu_cookie_compliance_cookie_name = ""; //--><!]]> </script> </body> </html>