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history</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: oral history"> <meta name="keywords" content="oral history"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="oral history"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3666</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: oral history</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3666</span> “Voiceless Memory” and Holodomor (Great Famine): The Power of Oral History to Challenge Official Historical Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetiana%20Boriak">Tetiana Boriak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is called to test correlation between official sources, preserved in the archives, and “unofficial” oral history regarding the Great Famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine. The research shows poor preservation of the sources, being deliberately destroyed by the totalitarian regime. It involves analysis of five stages of Holodomor oral history development. It is oral history that provides the mechanism of mass killing. The research proves that using only one type of historical sources leads to a certain line of reading history of the Holodomor, while usage of both types provides in-depth insight in the history of the famine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Holodomor%20%28the%20Great%20Famine%29" title="the Holodomor (the Great Famine)">the Holodomor (the Great Famine)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history" title=" oral history"> oral history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20source" title=" historical source"> historical source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20memory" title=" historical memory"> historical memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=totalitarianism." title=" totalitarianism."> totalitarianism.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155694/voiceless-memory-and-holodomor-great-famine-the-power-of-oral-history-to-challenge-official-historical-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3665</span> Oral Sex Practice among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesian Urban Settings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%20Putu%20Yuda%20Hananta">I Putu Yuda Hananta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inke%20Kusumastuti"> Inke Kusumastuti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The latest Indonesian Biology and Behavior Surveillance (IBBS) conducted by Indonesian Ministry of Health reported a large proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) engaging in oral sex in their recent sexual history. While it is considered as a pleasuring and safe, oral sex might facilitate the transmission of various sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens. This study was aimed to investigate the oral sex practice among MSM in Indonesian urban settings to help delineate demographic and behavior determinants of such practice. In 2014, 501 MSM in 8 clinic-based and outreach STI services were recruited in Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Denpasar, Indonesia. Respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire inquiring about their demographics and sexual history. Median age (interquartile range) of the respondents was 27 (24-30) years; most completed senior high school (54.3%), worked in informal jobs (57.9%), and single (60.9%); and 32.3% reported receiving money in exchange for sex. Oral sex was practiced by most respondents: insertive only (10.0%), receptive only (6.0%), and both (82.4%). A separate multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression to identify the determinants for receptive and insertive oral sex. Factors associated with receptive oral sex were having more than 10 sex partner(s) in the preceding 6 months vs 1 partner, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95% CI]=3.40 [1.22-9.42], p=0.03; and history of receptive-insertive anal sex vs no history, aOR=4.37 [1.76-10.82], p=0.01. Factors associated with insertive oral sex were receiving money for sex vs. not receiving, aOR=2.98 [1.10-8.04], p=0.02; and history of receptive-insertive anal sex vs. no history, aOR=2.10 [0.51-8.74], p<0.001. Only a few respondents reported consistent condom use (11.6% and 12.0% for receptive and insertive oral sex, respectively). Our findings demonstrated that while oral sex is a common practice among MSM, the consistency of condom use in oral sex is very low. In addition, certain sex behavior (number of sex partners, sex work and history of anal sex) were associated with oral sex, and this might need to be addressed during health promotion efforts on STI prevention through oral-genital contact. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title="behavior">behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=men%20who%20have%20sex%20with%20men" title=" men who have sex with men"> men who have sex with men</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20sex" title=" oral sex"> oral sex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62998/oral-sex-practice-among-men-who-have-sex-with-men-a-cross-sectional-study-in-indonesian-urban-settings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3664</span> Shark Fishing in Iceland: Ocean Oral History</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalr%C3%BAn%20Kaldakv%C3%ADsl%20Eyger%C3%B0ard%C3%B3ttir">Dalrún Kaldakvísl Eygerðardóttir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shark fishing has been practiced for centuries in Iceland. The broad objective of this ongoing research is to study the history of shark fishing in Iceland from the high days of Icelandic shark fishing in the latter half of the 19th century to recent days. The main focus is on shark fishing in the 20th and 21st century. The research sheds light on how sharks have shaped the Icelandic society and how Icelandic society has shaped the lives of sharks, by providing historical context to the relationship between Icelanders and one of the top predators in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Greenland shark. It is important to explore this aspect of Icelandic history further, to enhance people´s understanding of the marine ecosystem from the context of the past and the current increasing concerns about the status of sharks worldwide. Next to nothing has been written about shark fishing in the 20th and 21st Iceland, which shows the importance of interviewing shark fishermen – most of whom are at an old age today. The main methodology used in the research is oral history. Oral history is a large and growing field of research within history, which is based on obtaining oral sources through interviews, analyzing them, and presenting them. The video-poster sheds light on how oral history provides useful historical information on shark fishing and shark conservation in Iceland. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history" title="oral history">oral history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shark%20fishing%20in%20Iceland" title=" shark fishing in Iceland"> shark fishing in Iceland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=19.%20and%2021.%20century" title=" 19. and 21. century"> 19. and 21. century</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shark%20conservation" title=" shark conservation"> shark conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20environmental%20history" title=" marine environmental history"> marine environmental history</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164109/shark-fishing-in-iceland-ocean-oral-history" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3663</span> Hematological Changes in Oral Cancer Patients with Smokable and Chewable Tobacco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsin%20Ali%20Baloch">Mohsin Ali Baloch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saira%20Baloch"> Saira Baloch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To analyze hematological changes in patients of oral cancer with history of smokable and chewable tobacco use, and to compare them with healthy controls. Study Design: Descriptive type of study survey. Setting: This study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, LUMHS, Jamshoro. Study Period: One year July, 2013 to July, 2014. Subject and Methods: Histopathologically confirmed hundred cases of oral cancer with the history of smokable and non-smokable tobacco were selected to analyze the hematological variation. Inclusion Criteria: Histopathologically diagnosed patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma, with history of smokable and non-smokable tobacco. Exclusion Criteria: Patient with any systemic medically compromising problem, terminally ill patients, radio or chemotherapeutically treated patients, patients with metastasis to lungs or any distant metastasis, patients with the history of more than one well-defined etiological factor involved. Results: There were 73% patients of oral cancer reported with anemic. Significantly lower values of Hb, platelet, and higher mean values of ESR, TLC, and were observed in both groups of oral cancer patients; tobacco smokers and tobacco chewers as compared to non-smokers healthy controls. There was more decline in the level of haemoglobin and incline in the level of ESR observed in tobacco chewer oral cancer patients as compared to tobacco smokers patients, while TLC was more observed in smokers. Conclusion: Oral cancer patients with a history of chewable/smokable tobacco have likely worse hematological profile, which increases the anesthetic and surgical challenges for maxillofacial surgeons, which have a significant impact on treatment planning as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20cancer" title="oral cancer">oral cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematological%20variations" title=" hematological variations"> hematological variations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tobacco" title=" tobacco"> tobacco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smokers" title=" smokers"> smokers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16631/hematological-changes-in-oral-cancer-patients-with-smokable-and-chewable-tobacco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3662</span> Oral Lichen Planus a Manifestation of Grinspan's Syndrome or a Lichenoid Reaction to Medication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Iqrar">Sahar Iqrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Adeel%20Anwar"> Malik Adeel Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zain%20Akram"> Zain Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Noor"> Maria Noor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition of unknown etiology. Oral lichen planus may be related with several other diseases. Grinspan's Syndrome is characterized by a triad of oral lichen planus, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Other associations reported in the literature are with chronic liver disease and, with dyslipidemia. The nature of these associations is still not fully understood. Material and methods: Study was conducted in Department of Oral Medicine, Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of n=89 clinically diagnosed patients of oral lichen planus of both gender and all age groups were recruited and detailed history were recorded in the designed performs. Results: A total of n=89 patients were taken with male to female ratio of 3:8 in which 24 were male and 65 females. Mean age was 48.8 ± 13.8 years. Age range of 10-74 years was seen. Among these patients suffering from oral lichen planus, 41.6% (n=37) had a positive history for hypertension with 59.5% (n=22) of these patients were taking different medication for their condition. Whereas Diabetes Mellitus was found in 24.7% (n=22) patients with 72.7% (n=16) of these patients using the hypoglycemic drug (oral or injectable) to control their blood glucose levels. Out of these n=89 lichen planus patients 21.3% had both hypertension and diabetes mellitus (fulfilling the criteria for Grinspan's Syndrome). Out of this Grinspan's Syndrome pool 94.7% (n=19) were taking drug atleast for one of the two conditions. Conclusion: As noticed form the medical history of the patients, most of them were using hypoglycemic drugs for diabetes mellitus and beta blockers, diuretics and calcium channel blockers for hypertension. These drugs are known for lichenoid reaction. Therefore, it should be ruled out at histopathological/ immunological and molecular level whether these patients are suffering from lichen planus or lichenoid drug reaction to truly declare them as patients with Grinspan’s Syndrome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title="diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grinspan%27s%20syndrome" title=" grinspan's syndrome"> grinspan's syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lichenoid%20drug%20reaction" title=" lichenoid drug reaction"> lichenoid drug reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20lichen%20planus" title=" oral lichen planus"> oral lichen planus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48480/oral-lichen-planus-a-manifestation-of-grinspans-syndrome-or-a-lichenoid-reaction-to-medication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3661</span> Oral Examination: An Important Adjunct to the Diagnosis of Dermatological Disorders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Saraf">Sanjay Saraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The oral cavity can be the site for early manifestations of mucocutaneous disorders (MD) or the only site for occurrence of these disorders. It can also exhibit oral lesions with simultaneous associated skin lesions. The MD involving the oral mucosa commonly presents with signs such as ulcers, vesicles and bullae. The unique environment of the oral cavity may modify these signs of the disease, thereby making the clinical diagnosis an arduous task. In addition to the unique environment of oral cavity, the overlapping of the signs of various mucocutaneous disorders, also makes the clinical diagnosis more intricate. The aim of this review is to present the oral signs of dermatological disorders having common oral involvement and emphasize their importance in early detection of the systemic disorders. The aim is also to highlight the necessity of oral examination by a dermatologist while examining the skin lesions. Prior to the oral examination, it must be imperative for the dermatologists and the dental clinicians to have the knowledge of oral anatomy. It is also important to know the impact of various diseases on oral mucosa, and the characteristic features of various oral mucocutaneous lesions. An initial clinical oral examination is may help in the early diagnosis of the MD. Failure to identify the oral manifestations may reduce the likelihood of early treatment and lead to more serious problems. This paper reviews the oral manifestations of immune mediated dermatological disorders with common oral manifestations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatological%20investigations" title="dermatological investigations">dermatological investigations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genodermatosis" title=" genodermatosis"> genodermatosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histological%20features" title=" histological features"> histological features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20examination" title=" oral examination"> oral examination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42494/oral-examination-an-important-adjunct-to-the-diagnosis-of-dermatological-disorders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3660</span> Absent Theaters: A Virtual Reconstruction from Memories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Castillo%20Mu%C3%B1oz">P. Castillo Muñoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Lara%20Ram%C3%ADrez"> A. Lara Ramírez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Absent Theaters is a project that virtually reconstructs three theaters that existed in the twentieth century, demolished in the city of Medellin, Colombia: Circo España, Bolívar, and Junín. Virtual reconstruction is used as an excuse to talk with those who lived in their childhood and youth cultural spaces that formed a whole generation. Around 100 people who witnessed these theaters were interviewed. The means used to perform the oral history work was the virtual reconstruction of the interior of the theaters that were presented to the interviewees through the Virtual Reality glasses. The voices of people between 60 and 103 years old were used to generate a transmission of knowledge to the new generations about the importance of theaters as essential places for the city, as spaces generating social relations and knowledge of other cultures. Oral stories about events, the historical and social context of the city, were mixed with archive images and animations of the architectural transformations of these places. Oral stories about events, the historical and social context of the city, were mixed with archive images and animations of the architectural transformations of these places, with the purpose of compiling a collective discourse around cultural activities, heritage, and memory of Medellin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history" title=" oral history"> oral history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theaters" title=" theaters"> theaters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118661/absent-theaters-a-virtual-reconstruction-from-memories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3659</span> Evidence Based Practice for Oral Care in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Turan">T. Turan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%87.%20Erdo%C4%9Fan"> Ç. Erdoğan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As far as is known, general nursing care practices do not include specific evidence-based practices related to oral care in children. This study aimed to evaluate the evidence based nursing practice for oral care in children. This article is planned as a review article by searching the literature in this field. According to all age groups and the oral care in various specific situations located evidence in the literature were examined. It has been determined that the methods and frequency used in oral care practices performed by nurses in clinics differ from one hospital to another. In addition, it is seen that different solutions are used in basic oral care, oral care practices to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia and evidence-based practice in mucositis management in children. As a result, a standard should be established in oral care practices for children and education for children is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence-based%20practice" title="evidence-based practice">evidence-based practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20care" title=" oral care"> oral care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing" title=" nursing"> nursing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86702/evidence-based-practice-for-oral-care-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3658</span> Improving the Accuracy of Oral Care Performed by ICU Nurses for Cancer Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Wei-Yi">Huang Wei-Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Oral cancer patients undergoing skin flap reconstruction may have wounds in the oral cavity, leading to accumulation of blood, clots, and secretions. Inadequate oral care by nursing staff can result in oral infections and pain. Methods: An investigation revealed that ICU nurses' knowledge and adherence to oral care standards were below acceptable levels. Key issues identified included lack of hands-on training opportunities, insufficient experience, absence of oral care standards and regular audits, no in-service education programs, and a lack of oral care educational materials. Interventions: The following measures were implemented: 1) in-service education programs, 2) development of care standards, 3) creation of a monitoring plan, 4) bedside demonstration teaching, and 5) revision of educational materials. Results: The intervention demonstrated that ICU nurses' knowledge and adherence to oral care standards improved, leading to better quality oral care and reduced pain for patients. Conclusion: Through in-service education, bedside demonstrations, establishment of oral care standards, and regular audits, the oral care skills of ICU nurses were significantly enhanced, resulting in improved oral care quality and decreased patient pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20care" title="oral care">oral care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICU" title=" ICU"> ICU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improving" title=" improving"> improving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20cancer" title=" oral cancer"> oral cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190197/improving-the-accuracy-of-oral-care-performed-by-icu-nurses-for-cancer-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3657</span> Study of Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer by Non-invasive Saliva-On-Chip Device: A Microfluidic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ragini%20Verma">Ragini Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Ponmozhi"> J. Ponmozhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The oral cavity is home to a wide variety of microorganisms that lead to various diseases and even oral cancer. Despite advancements in the diagnosis and detection at the initial phase, the situation hasn’t improved much. Saliva-on-a-chip is an innovative point-of-care platform for early diagnosis of oral cancer and other oral diseases in live and dead cells using a microfluidic device with a current perspective. Some of the major challenges, like real-time imaging of the oral cancer microbes, high throughput values, obtaining a high spatiotemporal resolution, etc. were faced by the scientific community. Integrated microfluidics and microscopy provide powerful approaches to studying the dynamics of oral pathology, microbe interaction, and the oral microenvironment. Here we have developed a saliva-on-chip (salivary microbes) device to monitor the effect on oral cancer. Adhesion of cancer-causing F. nucleatum; subsp. Nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia in the device was observed. We also observed a significant reduction in the oral cancer growth rate when mortality and morbidity were induced. These results show that this approach has the potential to transform the oral cancer and early diagnosis study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidic%20device" title="microfluidic device">microfluidic device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20cancer%20microbes" title=" oral cancer microbes"> oral cancer microbes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20diagnosis" title=" early diagnosis"> early diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saliva-on-chip" title=" saliva-on-chip"> saliva-on-chip</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170790/study-of-early-diagnosis-of-oral-cancer-by-non-invasive-saliva-on-chip-device-a-microfluidic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3656</span> Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Malaysia: A Teaching Hospital Based Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renjith%20George%20Pallivathukal">Renjith George Pallivathukal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preethy%20Mary%20Donald"> Preethy Mary Donald</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Asymptomatic oral lesions are often ignored by the patients and usually will be identified only in advanced stages. Early detection of precancerous lesions is important for better prognosis. It is also important for the oral health care person to be aware of the regional prevalence of oral lesions in order to provide early care for the same. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the prevalence of oral lesions based on the information available from patient records in a teaching dental school. Dental records of patients who attended the department of Oral medicine and diagnosis between September 2014 and September 2016 were retrieved and verified for oral lesions. Results: The ages of the patients ranged from 13 to 38 years with a mean age of 21.8 years. The lesions were classified as white (40.5%), red (23%), ulcerated (10.5%), pigmented (15.2%) and soft tissue enlargements (10.8%). 52% of the patients were unaware of the oral lesions before the dental visit. Overall, the prevalence of lesions in dental patients lower to national estimates, but the prevalence of some lesions showed variations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20mucosal%20lesion" title="oral mucosal lesion">oral mucosal lesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-cancer" title=" pre-cancer"> pre-cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20tissue%20lesion" title=" soft tissue lesion"> soft tissue lesion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61546/prevalence-of-oral-mucosal-lesions-in-malaysia-a-teaching-hospital-based-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3655</span> Bcl-2: A Molecule to Detect Oral Cancer and Precancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vandana%20Singh">Vandana Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subash%20Singh"> Subash Singh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity. Normally the death of cell and the growth are active processes and depend not only on external factors but also on the expression of genes like Bcl-2, which activate and inhibit apoptosis. The term Bcl-2 is an acronym for B-cell lymphoma/ leukemia -2 genes. Objectives: An attempt was made to evaluate Bcl-2 oncoprotein expression in patients with oral precancer and cancer and to assess possible correlation between Bcl-2 oncoprotein expression and clinicopathological features of oral precancer and cancer. Material and Methods: This is a selective prospective clinical and immunohistochemical study. Clinicopathological examination is correlated with immunohistochemical findings. The immunolocalization of Bcl-2 protein is performed using the labeled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method. To visualize the reaction, 3, 3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) is used. Results: Bcl-2 expression was positive in 11 [36.66 %, low Bcl-2 expression 3 (10.00 %), moderate Bcl-2 expression 7 (23.33 %), and high Bcl-2 expression 1 (3.33 %)] oral cancer cases and in 14 [87.50 %, low expression 8 (50 %), moderate expression 6 (37.50 %)] precancer cases. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of our study we conclude that positive Bcl-2 expression may be an indicator of poor prognosis in oral cancer and precancer. Relevance: It has been reported that there is deregulation of Bcl-2 expression during progression from oral epithelial dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma. It can be used for revealing progression of epithelial dysplasia to malignancy and as a prognostic marker in oral precancer and cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BcL-2" title="BcL-2">BcL-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunohistochemistry" title=" immunohistochemistry"> immunohistochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20cancer" title=" oral cancer"> oral cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20precancer" title=" oral precancer"> oral precancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79418/bcl-2-a-molecule-to-detect-oral-cancer-and-precancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3654</span> Oral Contraceptic Pill Associated Hypertension on the Sex Productive Women in the Andalas Public Health Center, Padang, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armenia%20Nazar">Armenia Nazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20M.%20J.%20Anggelya"> Sally M. J. Anggelya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rose%20Dinda"> Rose Dinda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hypertension prevalence in Indonesian has increased from time to time since 2013, especially in women. This cross-sectional analysis study was made to observe the incidence of hypertension on the reproductive women (20-49 years old) with several risk factors who use contraceptive pills. Data was collected from June - October 2016 in the Andalas Public Health Center, East Padang District, Indonesia. An amount of 167 respondents who were taken using consecutive sampling technique were participate in this study. Data of social demography, contraceptive used, duration of use, hypertension risk factors (age, family history, central obesity, body mass index, physical activity, and stress) were collected and analyzed statistically using Chi-Square analysis. Significant was taken at p < 0.05. Results showed that the woman with contraceptive pill was tent to get hypertension (OR = 3,90 and p < 0,001). In addition, woman with a family history OR of 6,77 (p = 0,09), mild physical activity OR of 3,67 (p = 0,33), moderate physical activity OR of 3,33 (p = 0,16), and stressed OR of 5.11 (p = 0.18). These indicated that the contraceptive pill user is 3.9 times more risk to develop hypertension than non-users, especially one with a family history of hypertension. Other risk factors were not associated with hypertension risk in these sex productive women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title="hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20contraceptive" title=" oral contraceptive"> oral contraceptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20productive%20woman" title=" sex productive woman"> sex productive woman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72577/oral-contraceptic-pill-associated-hypertension-on-the-sex-productive-women-in-the-andalas-public-health-center-padang-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3653</span> Professionals’ Collaboration on Strengthening the Teaching of History </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20B.%20Ni">L. B. Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20S.%20Bt%20Rohadi"> N. S. Bt Rohadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bt%20Alfana"> H. Bt Alfana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Bin%20Ali%20Hassan"> A. S. Bin Ali Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Bin%20Karim"> J. Bin Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Bt%20Rasin"> C. Bt Rasin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the shared effort of teaching history in K-12 schools, community colleges, four-year colleges and universities to develop students' understanding of the history and habits of thought history. This study presents and discusses the problems of K-12 schools in colleges and universities, and the establishment of secondary school principals. This study also shows that the changing nature of practice can define new trends and affect the history professional in the classroom. There are many problems that historians and teachers of college faculty share in the history of high school teachers. History teachers can and should do better to get students in the classroom. History provides valuable insights into the information and embedded solid-state analysis models that are conflicting on the planet and are quickly changing exceptionally valuable. The survey results can reflect the history teaching in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20issue" title="history issue">history issue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20teaching" title=" history teaching"> history teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school-university%20collaboration" title=" school-university collaboration"> school-university collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20profession" title=" history profession"> history profession</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61541/professionals-collaboration-on-strengthening-the-teaching-of-history" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3652</span> Community Perception and Knowledge on Oral Cancer Screening Methods in Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lavanya%20Dharmendran">Lavanya Dharmendran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shenuka%20%20Singh"> Shenuka Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sona%20Baburathanam"> Sona Baburathanam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study is to understand the level of awareness in a community of a specific region of Kuwait regarding oral cancer and its screening methods so as to enhance the uptake of oral cancer screening methods. This is a cross-sectional study comprising 100 adult participants residing in the governate of Farwaniya, Kuwait. Participants of above 18 years of both genders will be selected using convenience sampling. Data collection includes the administration of a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises three sections, each section assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the participants’ opinions about oral cancer and screening methods. Data will be analyzed using Humphris Oral Cancer Knowledge Scale. Inferential statistics will be done using Chi-Square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. A level of p<.05 will be established as being significant. All ethical considerations, such as respect for personal confidentiality and informed consent, will be applied in this study. This study revealed that although respondents were aware of the term oral cancer, more than half of the study participants were unaware of the symptoms associated with this condition. Smoking and alcohol were identified as risk factors for oral cancer, but the majority of participants did not identify the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) as an added risk factor. This suggests a greater need for dental practitioners to include educational strategies in routine dental visits to ensure greater awareness of oral cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20cancer" title="oral cancer">oral cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20screening" title=" oral screening"> oral screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20public%20health" title=" oral public health"> oral public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20health" title=" oral health"> oral health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168797/community-perception-and-knowledge-on-oral-cancer-screening-methods-in-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3651</span> Effect of Polarized Light Therapy on Oral Mucositis in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakaria%20Mowafy%20Emam%20Mowafy">Zakaria Mowafy Emam Mowafy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Abd%20Allah%20Hamed"> Hamed Abd Allah Hamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20Mahmoud%20Abd-Elmotalb"> Marwa Mahmoud Abd-Elmotalb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Anis%20Fakhray%20Mosaad"> Andrew Anis Fakhray Mosaad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to determine the efficacy of polarized light therapy for chemotherapy-treated cancer patients who have oral mucositis. Methods of evaluation are the measurement of the WHO oral mucositis scale and the common toxicity criteria scale. Methods: Thirty cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (males and females) who had oral mucositis and ulceration pain, and their ages ranged from 30 to 55 years, were divided into two groups. Group (A), composed of 15 patients, received the Bioptron light therapy (BLT) in addition to the routine medical care of oral mucositis. Group (B) received only the routine medical care of oral mucositis; the duration of the BLT application was 10 minutes applied daily for 30 days. Results and conclusion: Results showed that the application of the BLT had valuable healing effects on oral mucositis in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, as evidenced by the high decreases of the WHO oral mucositis scale and the common toxicity criteria scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bioptron%20light%20therapy" title="Bioptron light therapy">Bioptron light therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20mucositis" title=" oral mucositis"> oral mucositis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WHO%20oral%20mucositis%20scale" title=" WHO oral mucositis scale"> WHO oral mucositis scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20toxicity%20criteria%20scale" title=" common toxicity criteria scale"> common toxicity criteria scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160462/effect-of-polarized-light-therapy-on-oral-mucositis-in-cancer-patients-receiving-chemotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3650</span> Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Oral Cavity: A Summarized Overview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sona%20Babu%20Rathinam">Sona Babu Rathinam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lavanya%20Dharmendran"> Lavanya Dharmendran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Therraddi%20Mutthu"> Therraddi Mutthu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to provides an overview of the neuroendocrine tumors that arise in the oral cavity. Material and Methods: An overview of the relevant papers on neuroendocrine tumors of the oral cavity by various authors was studied and summarized. Results: On the basis of the relevant studies, this paper provides an overview of the classification and histological differentiation of the neuroendocrine tumors that arise in the oral cavity. Conclusions: The basis of classification of neuroendocrine tumors is largely determined by their histologic differentiation. Though they reveal biologic heterogeneity, there should be an awareness of the occurrence of such lesions in the oral cavity to enable them to be detected and treated early. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malignant%20peripheral%20nerve%20sheath%20tumor" title="malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor">malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olfactory%20neuroblastoma" title=" olfactory neuroblastoma"> olfactory neuroblastoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraganglioma" title=" paraganglioma"> paraganglioma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schwannoma" title=" schwannoma"> schwannoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168796/neuroendocrine-tumors-of-the-oral-cavity-a-summarized-overview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3649</span> Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy versus Polarized Light Therapy on Oral Mucositis in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Anis%20Fakhrey%20Mosaad">Andrew Anis Fakhrey Mosaad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this study is to compare the efficacy of polarised light therapy with low-intensity laser therapy in treating oral mucositis brought on by chemotherapy in cancer patients. Evaluation procedures are the measurement of the WHO oral mucositis scale and the Common toxicity criteria scale. Techniques: Cancer patients (men and women) who had oral mucositis, ulceration, and discomfort and whose ages varied from 30 to 55 years were separated into two groups and received 40 chemotherapy treatments. Twenty patients in Group (A) received low-level laser therapy (LLLT) along with their regular oral mucositis medication treatment, while twenty patients in Group (B) received Bioptron light therapy (BLT) along with their regular oral mucositis medication treatment. Both treatments were applied for 10 minutes each day for 30 days. Conclusion and results: This study showed that the use of both BLT and LLLT on oral mucositis in cancer patients following chemotherapy greatly improved, as seen by the sharp falls in both the WHO oral mucositis scale (OMS) and the common toxicity criteria scale (CTCS). However, low-intensity laser therapy (LLLT) was superior to Bioptron light therapy in terms of benefits (BLT). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bioptron%20light%20therapy" title="Bioptron light therapy">Bioptron light therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20level%20laser%20therapy" title=" low level laser therapy"> low level laser therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20mucositis" title=" oral mucositis"> oral mucositis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WHO%20oral%20mucositis%20scale" title=" WHO oral mucositis scale"> WHO oral mucositis scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20toxicity%20criteria%20scale" title=" common toxicity criteria scale"> common toxicity criteria scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166834/effect-of-low-level-laser-therapy-versus-polarized-light-therapy-on-oral-mucositis-in-cancer-patients-receiving-chemotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3648</span> Strategies for the Oral Delivery of Oligonucleotides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkat%20Garigapati">Venkat Garigapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To date, more than a dozen oligonucleotide products are approved as injectable products for clinical use. However, there is no single oligo nucleotide product approved for clinical use. Oral delivery of oligo nucleotides is patient friendly administration however, many challenges involved in the development of oral formulation. Over the course of last twenty plus years, the research in this space aimed to address these challenges. This paper describes the issues involved in solubility, stability, enzymatic (nuclease) induced degradation, and permeation of nucleotides in the Gastrointestinal (GI) and how to overcome these challenges. Also, the translation of in vitro data to in vivo models hinders the formulation development. This paper describes the challenges involved in the development of Oligo Nucleotide products for oral administration. It also discusses the chemistry and formulation strategies for oral administration of oligonucleotides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20adminstration" title="oral adminstration">oral adminstration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oligo%20nucleotides" title=" oligo nucleotides"> oligo nucleotides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeation" title=" permeation"> permeation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastrointestinal%20tract" title=" gastrointestinal tract"> gastrointestinal tract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183837/strategies-for-the-oral-delivery-of-oligonucleotides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3647</span> The Impact of Cooperative Learning on EFL Learners Oral Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narimen%20Hamdini">Narimen Hamdini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mastery of a foreign language often implies adequate speaking competency and communication. However, it has been marked that the Algerian students’ oral performance is affected by the lack of language practice opportunities. The present study aims at investigating the impact of cooperative learning strategies on the learners’ oral performance through integrating some learning strategies in oral expression classes. Thus, a quasi-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design was conducted. A convenience sample of 27 second-year students from the University of Jijel, Algeria, was taught during three consecutive weeks through cooperative learning activities in conjunction with regular language instruction in oral expression classes. Regarding data collection, the study makes use of students’ questionnaire, a semi-structured interview with the teachers of oral expression, and orally scored pre-posttest. While the students’ questionnaire aims at exploring the learners ‘speaking difficulties and attitudes towards the implementation of the strategy, the semi-structured interview aims at revealing the teachers’ instructional practices and attitudes toward the integration of CL activities. Finally, the oral tests were conducted before and after the intervention to measure the effect of the strategy on the learners’ oral production. The findings showed that the experimental group scored higher in the posttest. Cooperative learning promotes not only the learner’s oral performances, but also motivation and social skills. Consequently, its implementation in the oral expression classes is validated and recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20learning" title="cooperative learning">cooperative learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20performance" title=" oral performance"> oral performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching"> teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130770/the-impact-of-cooperative-learning-on-efl-learners-oral-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3646</span> Treatment of Drug-Induced Oral Ulceration with Hyaluronic Acid Gel: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meltem%20Koray">Meltem Koray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arda%20Ozgon"> Arda Ozgon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duygu%20Ofluoglu"> Duygu Ofluoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Yaltirik"> Mehmet Yaltirik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oral ulcerations can be seen as a side effect of different drugs. These ulcers usually appear within a few weeks following drug treatment. In most of cases, these ulcers resist to conventional treatments, such as anesthetics, antiseptics, anti-inflammatory agents, cauterization, topical tetracycline and corticosteroid treatment. The diagnosis is usually difficult, especially in patients receiving multiple drug therapies. Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA) is a biomaterial that has been introduced as an alternative approach to enhance wound healing and also used for oral ulcer treatment. The aim of this report is to present the treatment of drug-induced oral ulceration on maxillary mucosa with HA gel. 60-year-old male patient was referred to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery complaining of oral ulcerations during few weeks. He had received chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 2014 with the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and he has accompanying systemic diseases such as; cardiological, neurological diseases and gout. He is medicated with Escitalopram (Cipralex® 20mg), Quetiapine (Seroquel® 100mg), Mirtazapine (Zestat® 15mg), Acetylsalicylic acid (Coraspin® 100mg), Ramipril-hydrochlorothiazide (Delix® 2.5mg), Theophylline anhydrous (Teokap Sr® 200mg), Colchicine (Colchicum Dispert® 0.5mg), Spironolactone (Aldactone® 100mg), Levothyroxine sodium (Levotiron® 50mg). He had painful oral ulceration on the right side of maxillary mucosa. The diagnosis was 'drug-induced oral ulceration' and HA oral gel (Aftamed® Oral gel) was prescribed 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Complete healing was achieved within 3 weeks without any side effect and discomfort. We suggest that HA oral gel is a potentially useful local drug which can be an alternative for management of drug-induced oral ulcerations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-induced" title="drug-induced">drug-induced</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyaluronic%20acid" title=" hyaluronic acid"> hyaluronic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20ulceration" title=" oral ulceration"> oral ulceration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillary%20mucosa" title=" maxillary mucosa"> maxillary mucosa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89834/treatment-of-drug-induced-oral-ulceration-with-hyaluronic-acid-gel-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3645</span> Biography and Psychotherapy: Oral History Interviews with Psychotherapists</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbara%20Papp">Barbara Papp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: This article aims to rethink the relationship between the trauma and the choice of professions. By studying a homogenous sample of respondents, it seeks answers to the following question: how did personal losses that were caused by historical upheavals motivate people to enter the helping professions. By becoming helping professionals, the respondents of the survey sought to handle both historical representation and self-representation. How did psychotherapists working in the second half of the 20th century (Kádár-era in Hungary) shape their course of life? How did their family members respond to their choice of career? What forces supported or hindered them? How did they become professional helpers? Methodology: When interviewing 40 psychotherapists, the interviewer used the oral history technique. In-depth interviews were made with a focus on motivation. First, the collected material was examined using traditional content analysis tools: searching for content patterns, applying a word frequency analysis, and identifying the connections between key events and key persons. Second, a narrative psychological content analysis (NarrCat) was made. Findings: Interconnections were established between attachment, family and historical traumas and career choices. The history of the mid-20th-century period was traumatic and full of losses for the families of most of the psychotherapists concerned. Those experiences may have considerably influenced their choice of career. Working as helping therapists, they could get the opportunity to revise their losses. Conclusion: The results revealed core components that play a role in the psychotherapists’ choice of career, and also emphasized the importance of post-traumatic growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biography" title="biography">biography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrative%20psychological%20content%20analysis" title=" narrative psychological content analysis"> narrative psychological content analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychotherapists" title=" psychotherapists"> psychotherapists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108790/biography-and-psychotherapy-oral-history-interviews-with-psychotherapists" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3644</span> Hypertension and Its Association with Oral Health Status in Adults: A Pilot Study in Padusunan Adults Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murniwati">Murniwati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Khairiyah"> Nurul Khairiyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Putri%20Ovieza%20Maizar"> Putri Ovieza Maizar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The association between general and oral health is clearly important, particularly in adults with medical conditions. Many of the medical systemic conditions are either caused or aggravated by poor oral hygiene and vice versa. Hypertension is one of common medical systemic problem which has been a public health concern worldwide due to its known consequences. Those consequences must be related to oral health status as well, whether it may cause or worsen the oral health conditions. The objective of this study was to find out the association between hypertension and oral health status in adults. This study was an analytical observational study by using cross-sectional method. A total of 42 adults both male and female in Padusunan Village, Pariaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia were selected as subjects by using purposive sampling. Manual sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure and dental examination was performed to calculate the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores in order to represent oral health status. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA to determine the association between hypertensive adults and their oral health status. The result showed that majority age of the subjects was ranging from 51-70 years (40.5%). Based on blood pressure examination, 57.1% of subjects were classified to prehypertension. Overall, the mean of DMFT score calculated in normal, prehypertension and hypertension group was not considered statistically significant. There was no significant association (p>0.05) between hypertension and oral health status in adults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title="blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title=" hypertension"> hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DMFT" title=" DMFT"> DMFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20health%20status" title=" oral health status"> oral health status</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57649/hypertension-and-its-association-with-oral-health-status-in-adults-a-pilot-study-in-padusunan-adults-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3643</span> Analysis of Oral and Maxillofacial Histopathology Service in Tertiary Center in Oman in the Past 13 Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabreen%20Al%20Shamli">Sabreen Al Shamli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rahman%20Al%20azure"> Abdul Rahman Al azure</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microscopic examination by histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosing many oral and maxillofacial pathologies. Current clinical guidelines and medicolegal regulations recommend the utilization of histopathology services for confirming pathologies being treated. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of oral and maxillofacial biopsies that had been histopathologically diagnosed at Anahdha Hospital (ANH). A total of 512 biopsies randomly selected from a ground total of 3310 biopsies, which were submitted for oral and maxillofacial histopathological specimens, were analyzed at Nahdha Hospital in Oman between January 2010 and December 2022. Data collected retrospectively selected from all case notes of patients who had oral histopathology examinations performed as part of their treatment. Data collected from the Shifa system was transferred to Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS. Research ethics approval was obtained from the research committee of the hospital. This study provides background information on oral histopathology prevalence that could be helpful in future research in Oman. The findings of the present study are in agreement with the reported data from other investigations, even when it is taken into account how difficult it is to compare prevalence rates from different studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20biopsy" title="oral biopsy">oral biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillofacial%20histopathology" title=" maxillofacial histopathology"> maxillofacial histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20disease" title=" oral disease"> oral disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillofacial%20specimens" title=" maxillofacial specimens"> maxillofacial specimens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179154/analysis-of-oral-and-maxillofacial-histopathology-service-in-tertiary-center-in-oman-in-the-past-13-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3642</span> Detection of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Cutaneous Psoriatic Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20A.%20R.%20Soudan">Rania A. R. Soudan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Easter%20Joury"> Easter Joury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Psoriasis is a common chronic dermatologic disease. It may affect the mucous membranes. The presence of oral mucosal lesions has been a subject of controversy. The aim: To determine possible association between oral mucosal lesions and psoriasis, and to correlate the same with different types of psoriasis and severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: The oral mucosa was clinically examined in 100 randomly selected Syrian psoriatic patients presented to the Dermatological Diseases Hospital in Damascus University, Syria (February 2009 - December 2010), and in 100 matched controls. PASI index was used to evaluate the disease severity. Chi-square and Student t-test were used to compare differences between groups. Results: Oral mucosal lesions were observed in 72% of the psoriasis cases, while 46% of the control group’s subjects had oral lesions. Fissured tongue, geographic tongue, and red lesions were detected in 36%, 25%, and 7% of the examined psoriatics, respectively. These lesions were significantly more frequent in the psoriatics than in the controls. A correlation was found between furred tongue and the age of the psoriasis patients. However, an association was observed for fissured tongue, furred tongue with the severity of the disease, and for fissured tongue, white lesions, cheilitis with nail involvement. However, no correlation with the psoriasis types was recorded. Conclusion: Some oral mucosal lesions were associated with psoriasis, so these lesions may be considered as oral manifestations of this disease, and should be taken into account in new studies as possible predictors or markers of this dermatitis. Further studies are recommended to confirm these oral manifestations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psoriasis" title="psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tongue" title=" tongue"> tongue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosa" title=" mucosa"> mucosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lesions" title=" lesions"> lesions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6154/detection-of-oral-mucosal-lesions-in-cutaneous-psoriatic-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3641</span> Use of Oral Midazolam in Endoscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Javadzadeh">Alireza Javadzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to compare the safety and efficacy of oral versus i.v. midazolam in providing sedation for pediatric upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Methods: Sixty-one children (age < 16 years) scheduled for upper GI endoscopy were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral or i.v. midazolam. Measurements were made and compared for vital signs, level of sedation, pre- and post-procedure comfort, anxiety during endoscopy, ease of separation from parents, ease and duration of procedure, and recovery time. Results: Patients were aged 1–16 years (mean 7.5 ± 3.42 years); 30 patients received oral medication, and 31 received i.v. medication. There were no statistically significant differences in age or gender between groups. There were no significant differences in level of sedation, ease of separation from parents, ease of ability to monitor the patient during the procedure, heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, or respiratory rate. Oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the i.v. group than the oral group 10 and 30 min after removal of the endoscope, and recovery time was longer in the oral than the i.v. group. Conclusions: Oral administration of midazolam is a safe and effective method of sedation that significantly reduces anxiety and improves overall tolerance for children undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoscopy" title=" endoscopy"> endoscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=midazolam" title=" midazolam"> midazolam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral" title=" oral"> oral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedation" title=" sedation"> sedation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34519/use-of-oral-midazolam-in-endoscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3640</span> Oral Fluency: A Case Study of L2 Learners in Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maaly%20Jarrah">Maaly Jarrah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oral fluency in the target language is what many second language learners hope to achieve by living abroad. Research in the past has demonstrated the role informal environments play in improving L2 learners' oral fluency. However, living in the target country and being part of its community does not ensure the development of oral fluency skills. L2 learners' desire to communicate and access to speaking opportunities in the host community are key in achieving oral fluency in the target language. This study attempts to identify differences in oral fluency, specifically speech rate, between learners who communicate in the L2 outside the classroom and those who do not. In addition, as the desire to communicate is a crucial factor in developing oral fluency, this study investigates whether or not learners' desire to speak the L2 outside the classroom plays a role in their frequency of L2 use outside the classroom. Finally, given the importance of the availability of speaking opportunities for L2 learners in order to practice their speaking skills, this study reports on the participants' perceptions of the speaking opportunities accessible to them in the target community while probing whether or not their perceptions differed based on their oral fluency level and their desire to communicate. The results suggest that exposure to the target language and daily communication with the native speakers is strongly related to the development of learners' oral fluency. Moreover, the findings suggest that learners' desire to communicate affects their frequency of communication in their L2 outside the classroom. At the same time, all participants, regardless of their oral fluency level and their desire to communicate, asserted that speaking opportunities beyond the classroom are very limited. Finally, the study finds there are marked differences in the perceptions learners have regarding opportunities for learning offered by the same language program. After reporting these results, the study concludes with recommendations for ESL programs that serve international students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESL%20programs" title="ESL programs">ESL programs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L2%20Learners" title=" L2 Learners"> L2 Learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20fluency" title=" oral fluency"> oral fluency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language" title=" second language"> second language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39249/oral-fluency-a-case-study-of-l2-learners-in-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3639</span> Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Leptin and Leptin Receptors with Oral Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiung-Man%20Tsai">Chiung-Man Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Jui%20Weng"> Chia-Jui Weng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) both play a crucial role in the mediation of physiological reactions and carcinogenesis and may serve as a candidate biomarker of oral cancer. The present case-control study aimed to examine the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LEP -2548 G/A (rs7799039), LEPR K109R (rs1137100), and LEPR Q223R (rs1137101) with or without interacting to environmental carcinogens on the risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The SNPs of three genetic allele, from 567 patients with oral cancer and 560 healthy controls in Taiwan were analyzed. All of The three genetic polymorphisms exhibited insignificant (P > .05) effects on the risk to have oral cancer. However, the patients with polymorphic allele of LEP -2548 have a significant low risk for the development of clinical stage (A/G, AOR = 0.670, 95% CI = 0.454–0.988, P < .05; A/G+G/G, AOR = 0.676, 95% CI = 0.467–0.978, P < .05) compared to patients with ancestral homozygous A/A genotype. Additionally, an interesting result was found that the impact of LEP -2548 G/A SNP on oral carcinogenesis in subjects without tobacco consumption (A/G, AOR=2.078, 95% CI: 1.161-3.720, p=0.014; A/G+G/G, AOR=2.002, 95% CI: 1.143-3.505, p=0.015) is higher than subjects with tobacco consumption. These results suggest that the genetic polymorphism of LEP -2548 G/A (rs7799039), LEPR K109R (rs1137100), and LEPR Q223R (rs1137101) were not associated with the susceptibility of oral cancer; SNP in LEP -2548 G/A showed a poor clinicopathological development of oral cancer; Population without tobacco consumption and with polymorphic LEP -2548 G/A gene may significantly increase the risk to have oral cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carcinogen" title="carcinogen">carcinogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leptin" title=" leptin"> leptin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leptin%20receptor" title=" leptin receptor"> leptin receptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" oral squamous cell carcinoma"> oral squamous cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20nucleotide%20polymorphism" title=" single nucleotide polymorphism"> single nucleotide polymorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105176/association-of-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-in-leptin-and-leptin-receptors-with-oral-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3638</span> Frequency of Oral Lesions in Newborns at Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Vaezi">Javad Vaezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Mohammadzadeh"> Ashraf Mohammadzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behjatalomoluk%20Ajami"> Behjatalomoluk Ajami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azin%20Vaezi"> Azin Vaezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aradokht%20Vaezi"> Aradokht Vaezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Neonatal period is the first developing phase after birth, followed by different developmental processes up to the age of puberty. A neonate may be born with different oral lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral lesions in newborns at Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital, which belongs to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this cross–sectional descriptive study, 600 newborns were observed during 2.5 months in 2001. The total oral cavity, including the soft palate, hard palate, tongue, alveolar ridge, and oral cavity floor, was examined with a tongue blade and light. Results: Results showed that 52.6% of newborns (316 cases) had oral lesions. 0.66% cases had natal and neonatal teeth, 0.5% cases had congenital epulis, 1.8% cases were with ankyloglossia, 41.5% cases with Epstein’s pearls, 22.3% cases with Bohn nodules and 0.16% case with exostosis. There were no cases of cleft lip or cleft palate. The most frequent oral lesion observed was Epstein’s pearls. Conclusion: Our study showed that the prevalence of natal teeth in the city of Mashhad was more than in other countries except for Bohn nodule and Epstein’s pearls, which occurred less frequently than in other countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newborn" title="newborn">newborn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20lesion" title=" oral lesion"> oral lesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency" title=" frequency"> frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162001/frequency-of-oral-lesions-in-newborns-at-mashhad-imam-reza-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3637</span> “To Err Is Human…” Revisiting Oral Error Correction in Class</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Steven%20Rosenstein">David Steven Rosenstein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The widely accepted “Input Theory” of language acquisition proposes that language is basically acquired unconsciously through extensive exposure to all kinds of natural oral and written sources, especially those where the level of the input is slightly above the learner’s competence. As such, it implies that oral error correction by teachers in a classroom is unnecessary, a waste of time, and maybe even counterproductive. And yet, oral error correction by teachers in the classroom continues to be a very common phenomenon. While input theory advocates claim that such correction doesn’t work, interrupts a student’s train of thought, harms fluency, and may cause students embarrassment and fear, many teachers would disagree. They would claim that students know they make mistakes and want to be corrected in order to know they are improving, thereby encouraging students’ desire to keep studying. Moreover, good teachers can create a positive atmosphere where students will not be embarrassed or fearful. Perhaps now is the time to revisit oral error correction in the classroom and consider the results of research carried out long ago by the present speaker. The research indicates that oral error correction may be beneficial in many cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20theory" title="input theory">input theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20acquisition" title=" language acquisition"> language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%27%20corrections" title=" teachers' corrections"> teachers' corrections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recurrent%20errors" title=" recurrent errors"> recurrent errors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188530/to-err-is-human-revisiting-oral-error-correction-in-class" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=122">122</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=123">123</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20history&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> 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