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menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-52583 menu-item-level-1"><option value="https://www.sns.se/forskningsprogram/forskarnatverk/">Forskarnätverk</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-52668 menu-item-level-1"><option value="https://www.sns.se/forskningsprogram/forskningsfinansiering/">Forskningsfinansiering</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></nav> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-8 main-page main-page__content py-0"> <div class="border-color--zorba block--top-line"> <div class="entry-content mb-3"> <p>På senare tid har behoven ökat av att underhålla, effektivisera och bygga ut såväl digital som fysisk infrastruktur. Viktig infrastruktur börjar bli ålderstigen och behöver bytas ut, samtidigt som digitalisering och demografiska förändringar medför att infrastruktur behöver uppgraderas och anpassas. Dessutom leder kriget i Europa, utfasningen av fossila bränslen och anpassningen till ett förändrat klimat till att flera infrastruktursystem måste byggas om och göras mer motståndskraftiga.</p> <p>Hur prioriteras och finansieras infrastruktur samt hur kan systemens drift och säkerhet organiseras? Hur ser risk- och ansvarsfördelning ut mellan offentliga och privata aktörer vid större infrastrukturprojekt? Och hur kan styrning och ledning samordnas?</p> <p>Forskningsprojektet pågår 2025–2027 och ska bidra med kunskap och underlag till diskussion och åtgärder.</p> <h3>Kontakt</h3> <p>Forskningsledare: Jonas Klarin, <a href="mailto:jonas.klarin@sns.se">jonas.klarin@sns.se</a>, 072-251 57 98</p> <p>Projektledare: Anna Jahre, <a href="mailto:anna.jahre@sns.se">anna.jahre@sns.se</a>, +46 (0) 76-724 43 45</p> <p>Mikael Witterblad, chef forskningsprogrammet, <a href="mailto:mikael.witterblad@sns.se">mikael.witterblad@sns.se</a></p> <hr /> <h3>Kommande seminarier</h3> <p>2025.03.20 <a href="https://www.sns.se/artiklar/behover-trafikverket-konkurrensutsattas/">Behöver Trafikverket konkurrensutsättas?</a></p> <h3>Genomförda seminarier</h3> <p>–</p> <h3>Publicerade rapporter</h3> <p>–</p> <hr /> <h2>Utgångspunkter</h2> <h3>ökat behov av investeringar och krav på högre säkerhet</h3> <p>En stor del av Sveriges transport-, energi- och vatteninfrastruktur uppfördes under 1950–1970-talen och har i dag nått slutet på sin tekniska livslängd. Mycket tyder också på att nödvändiga underhållsinvesteringar inte gjorts i tillräckligt stor utsträckning. Samtidigt leder samhällsförändringar, såsom utfasningen av fossila bränslen, digitaliseringen och Sveriges Natomedlemskap, till krav på nyinvesteringar i både fysisk och digital infrastruktur.</p> <p>Utbyggnaden av den digitala infrastrukturen och sammankopplingen mellan fysiska och digitala system har potentialen att öka deras effektivitet. Höghastighetsnätverk (5G, 6G) kan förbättra möjligheten till monitorering, insamlande av data och kontinuerlig analys med olika AI-verktyg. Den teknologiska utvecklingen innebär samtidigt sårbarheter för sådant som cyberattacker. Utvecklingen ställer därför krav på gedigna säkerhetsanalyser och en balans i avvägningen mellan effektivitet och resiliens i systemen.</p> <h3>marknads- och regleringsmisslyckanden hindrar utvecklingen</h3> <p>Flera typer av infrastruktur har egenskapen att de kan nyttjas av många personer utan att det sker på bekostnad av andras möjligheter att nyttja dem. Den offentliga sektorn finansierar ofta denna typ av kollektiva nyttigheter. I annat fall skulle det bli för lite investeringar i dessa varor, eftersom det lätt kan uppstå ”friåkarproblem”, där individer drar nytta av infrastrukturen utan att bidra till dess finansiering, vilket kan leda till otillräckliga investeringar. Det finns samtidigt välkända utmaningar för det politiska systemet som riskerar medföra underfinansiering av sådant som inte är direkt märkbart för väljarna, som underhåll, eller projekt där vinsterna uppstår långt fram i tiden.</p> <p>Infrastruktur är också förknippat med samhälleliga nyttor eller onyttor som inte avspeglas i kostnaden. Den typiska lösningen på detta problem är att staten reglerar dessa så kallade marknadsmisslyckanden med subventionering, beskattning eller förbud. Men om politiken inte efterfrågar relevant beslutsunderlag eller bortser från framtagna konsekvensanalyser, kan man i stället tala om regleringsmisslyckanden. Även detta kan leda till feldimensionerad infrastruktur samt bristande underhåll av och hushållning med befintliga system.</p> <p>Infrastrukturprojekt är komplexa till sin natur. De är omfattande och kräver ofta ett samarbete mellan flera olika aktörer. Om det finns koordinationsproblem eller oklarheter om ansvar och mandat mellan privata och offentliga aktörer, mellan olika politiska beslutsnivåer, eller horisontellt mellan myndigheter, finns risk för felprioriteringar eller felaktig riskdelning.</p> <p>Reglerna i det finanspolitiska ramverket i Sverige innebär restriktioner i hur den offentliga sektorn kan låna till infrastruktur. Det finns även lagliga begränsningar i näringslivets möjligheter att investera i infrastruktur, bland annat i form av regler om användaravgifter och upphandling.</p> <h2>Referensgrupp</h2> <p>Finansdepartementet, Fjärde AP-fonden, Helsingborgs stad, Infranode, Jernhusen, KPA-Pension, Mannheimer Swartling, NCC, SEB, Skandia, Skanska, Skellefteå kommun, Stockholms stad, Svenska kraftnät, Svenskt Näringsliv, Svenskt Vatten, SYSAV, Trafikverket, Transportföretagen.</p> <h2>Pågående studier</h2> <h3>Alternativ finansiering och organisering av infrastruktur – forskningsläget</h3> <p>Rapporten sammanfattar det aktuella forskningsläget om alternativ finansiering och organisering av trafikinfrastruktur. Den ska också ge vissa policyrekommendationer för svenska förhållanden, med bakgrund i teori och aktuellt forskningsläge.</p> <p>Författare: <em>Ingemar Bengtsson,</em> universitetslektor vid avdelningen för Fastighetsvetenskap, institutionen för Teknik och Samhälle, LTH, Lunds universitet</p> <p>Lansering 2026.</p> <h3>Skatter och avgifter på transportområdet</h3> <p>Rapporten beskriver de principer som brukar användas för att motivera att det offentliga ska ta ut skatter eller avgifter från användarna av transportsystemet. Vidare ger den en översikt över hur transportsystemet används i Sverige, samt offentliga intäkter och utgifter per transportslag, både uttryckt som totalkostnad och som marginalkostnad. Rapporten diskuterar även hur beskattning av transportanvändarna kan förväntas utvecklas i framtiden, särskilt mot bakgrund av den snabba elektrifieringen av vägtrafiken.</p> <p>Författare: <em>Maria Bratt Börjesson,</em> professor i nationalekonomi med transportinriktning, Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI) och adjungerad professor i nationalekonomi vid Linköpings universitet, och <em>Jacob Lundberg,</em> forskare i nationalekonomi vid Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN)</p> <p>Lansering 2026.</p> <p><em>Fler studier tillkommer.</em></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="site-footer block--top-line"> <div class="container"> <div class="row d-flex align-items-lg-start"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="entry-content left-content"> <p>Jakobsbergsgatan 18<br /> Box 5629<br /> 114 86 Stockholm</p> </div> <div class="entry-content right-content d-block d-md-none"> <p><a href="tel:+46850702500">+46 8 507 025 00</a><br /> <a href="mailto:info@sns.se">info@sns.se</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="d-none d-md-block col-md-4"> <div class="entry-content right-content"> <p><a href="tel:+46850702500">+46 8 507 025 00</a><br /> <a href="mailto:info@sns.se">info@sns.se</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4 text-sm-right"> <ul class="social-media"> <li class="social-media__item d-inline-block"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SNSinfo" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" > <i class="large-icon border-icon icon-facebook"></i> </a> </li> <li class="social-media__item d-inline-block"> <a href="https://twitter.com/snskunskap" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" > <i class="large-icon border-icon icon-twitter-1"></i> </a> </li> <li class="social-media__item d-inline-block"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/sns_2/" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" > <i class="large-icon border-icon icon-linkedin-1"></i> </a> </li> <li class="social-media__item d-inline-block"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@SNSkunskap" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" > <i class="large-icon border-icon icon-youtube-1"></i> </a> </li> <li class="social-media__item d-inline-block"> <a href="https://snskunskap.libsyn.com/" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" > <i class="large-icon border-icon icon-audio"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <a class="d-block mt-1 secondary-font-regular strong text-right" href="javascript: Cookiebot.renew()"> Cookie Consent </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript" id="sage/main.js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var theme = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.sns.se\/wp-json\/theme\/v1\/ajax"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.sns.se/app/themes/sns/dist/scripts/main_11031b99.js" id="sage/main.js-js"></script> </body> </html>