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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Negative_afterimages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negative_afterimages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Negative afterimages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negative_afterimages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positive_afterimages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positive_afterimages"> <div 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Afterimage</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86)" title="صورة تلوية (طب العيون) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صورة تلوية (طب العيون)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imatge_residual" title="Imatge residual – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imatge residual" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paobraz" title="Paobraz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paobraz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachbild" title="Nachbild – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nachbild" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagen_remanente" title="Imagen remanente – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imagen remanente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پس‌تصویر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پس‌تصویر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_r%C3%A9manente" title="Image rémanente – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Image rémanente" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%94%EC%83%81" title="잔상 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잔상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A8" title="דמות גרר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דמות גרר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ut%C3%B3k%C3%A9p" title="Utókép – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Utókép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="ആഫ്റ്റർഇമേജ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആഫ്റ്റർഇമേജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabeeld" title="Nabeeld – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nabeeld" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%8B%E5%83%8F%E5%8A%B9%E6%9E%9C" title="残像効果 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="残像効果" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etterbilde" title="Etterbilde – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Etterbilde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrast_nast%C4%99pczy" title="Kontrast następczy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kontrast następczy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Послеобраз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Послеобраз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterimage" title="Afterimage – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Afterimage" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4lkikuva" title="Jälkikuva – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jälkikuva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efterbild" title="Efterbild – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Efterbild" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0" title="ภาพติดตาชั่วขณะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาพติดตาชั่วขณะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Післяобраз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Післяобраз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%83%8F" title="後像 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="後像" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q735197#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Image that continues to appear in the eyes after a period of exposure to the original image</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Afterimage_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Afterimage (disambiguation)">Afterimage (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Afterimage" title="Special:EditPage/Afterimage">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Afterimage%22">"Afterimage"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Afterimage%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Afterimage%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Afterimage%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Afterimage%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Afterimage%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florence_Devouard,_afterimage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Florence_Devouard%2C_afterimage.jpg/220px-Florence_Devouard%2C_afterimage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Florence_Devouard%2C_afterimage.jpg/330px-Florence_Devouard%2C_afterimage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Florence_Devouard%2C_afterimage.jpg/440px-Florence_Devouard%2C_afterimage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3399" /></a><figcaption>If a viewer stares at the white dot in the center of this image for 5–60 seconds and then looks at a plain white surface, a negative afterimage will appear, showing a person's face in a more natural color scheme. This can also be achieved by the viewer closing their eyes.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>afterimage</b> is an image that continues to appear in the eyes after a period of exposure to the original image. An afterimage may be a normal phenomenon (physiological afterimage) or may be pathological (<a href="/wiki/Palinopsia" title="Palinopsia">palinopsia</a>). <a href="/wiki/Illusory_palinopsia" title="Illusory palinopsia">Illusory palinopsia</a> may be a pathological exaggeration of physiological afterimages. Afterimages occur because photochemical activity in the retina continues even when the eyes are no longer experiencing the original stimulus.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remainder of this article refers to <b>physiological afterimages</b>. A common physiological afterimage is the dim area that seems to float before one's <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">eyes</a> after briefly looking into a light source, such as a camera flash. Palinopsia is a common symptom of <a href="/wiki/Visual_snow" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual snow">visual snow</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negative_afterimages">Negative afterimages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afterimage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Negative afterimages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Negative_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative image">Negative</a> afterimages are generated in the retina but may be modified like other retinal signals by <a href="/wiki/Neural_adaptation" title="Neural adaptation">neural adaptation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Retinal_ganglion_cell" title="Retinal ganglion cell">retinal ganglion cells</a> that carry signals from the <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a> of the eye to the rest of the brain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Normally, any image is moved over the retina by small eye movements known as <a href="/wiki/Microsaccade" title="Microsaccade">microsaccades</a> before much adaptation can occur. However, if the image is very intense and brief, or if the image is large, or if the eye remains very steady, these small movements cannot keep the image on unadapted parts of the retina. </p><p>Afterimages can be seen when moving from a bright environment to a dim one, like walking indoors on a bright snowy day. They are accompanied by neural adaptation in the occipital lobe of the brain that function similar to <a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">color balance</a> adjustments in photography. These adaptations attempt to keep vision consistent in dynamic lighting. Viewing a uniform background while adaptation is still occurring will allow an individual to see the afterimage because localized areas of vision are still being processed by the brain using adaptations that are no longer needed. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Young%E2%80%93Helmholtz_theory" title="Young–Helmholtz theory">Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory</a> of color vision postulated that there were three types of photoreceptors in the eye, each sensitive to a particular range of visible light: short-wavelength cones, medium-wavelength cones, and long-wavelength cones. Trichromatic theory, however, cannot explain all afterimage phenomena. Specifically, afterimages are the complementary hue of the adapting stimulus, and trichromatic theory fails to account for this fact.<sup id="cite_ref-Horner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The failure of trichromatic theory to account for afterimages indicates the need for an <a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">opponent-process theory</a> such as that articulated by <a href="/wiki/Ewald_Hering" title="Ewald Hering">Ewald Hering</a> (1878) and further developed by Hurvich and Jameson (1957).<sup id="cite_ref-Horner_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">opponent process</a> theory states that the human <a href="/wiki/Visual_system" title="Visual system">visual system</a> interprets color information by processing signals from cones and rods in an antagonistic manner. The opponent color theory is that there are four opponent channels: red versus cyan, green vs magenta, blue versus yellow, and black versus white. Responses to one color of an opponent channel are antagonistic to those of the other color. Therefore, a <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a> image will produce a <a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">magenta</a> afterimage. The green color adapts the green channel, so they produce a weaker signal. Anything resulting in less green is interpreted as its paired primary color, which is magenta (an equal mixture of red and blue).<sup id="cite_ref-Horner_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positive_afterimages">Positive afterimages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afterimage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Positive afterimages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Positive afterimages, by contrast, appear the same color as the original image. They are often very brief, lasting less than half a second. The cause of positive afterimages is not well known, but possibly reflects persisting activity in the <a href="/wiki/Visual_cortex" title="Visual cortex">brain</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell" title="Photoreceptor cell">photoreceptor cells</a> continue to send neural impulses to the <a href="/wiki/Occipital_lobe" title="Occipital lobe">occipital lobe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A stimulus which elicits a positive image will usually trigger a negative afterimage quickly via the adaptation process. To experience this phenomenon, one can look at a bright source of light and then look away to a dark area, such as by closing the eyes. At first one should see a fading positive afterimage, likely followed by a negative afterimage that may last for much longer. It is also possible to see afterimages of random objects that are not bright, only these last for a split second and go unnoticed by most people. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="On_empty_shape">On empty shape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afterimage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: On empty shape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An afterimage in general is an optical illusion that refers to an image continuing to appear after exposure to the original image has ceased. Prolonged viewing of the colored patch induces an afterimage of the <a href="/wiki/Complementary_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Complementary color">complementary color</a> (for example, yellow color induces a bluish afterimage). The "afterimage on empty shape" effect is related to a class of effects referred to as <a href="/wiki/Contrast_effect" title="Contrast effect">contrast effects</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In this effect, an empty (white) shape is presented on a colored background for several seconds. When the background color disappears (becomes white), an illusionary color similar to the original background is <a href="/wiki/Perceived" class="mw-redirect" title="Perceived">perceived</a> within the shape.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The mechanism of the effect is still unclear, and may be produced by one or two of the following mechanisms: </p> <ul><li>During the presentation of the empty shape on a colored background, the colored background induces an illusory complementary color ("induced color") inside the empty shape. After the disappearance of the colored background an afterimage of the "induced color" might appear inside the "empty shape". Thus, the expected color of the shape will be complementary to the "induced color", and therefore similar to the color of the original background.</li> <li>After the disappearance of the colored background, an afterimage of the background is induced. This induced color has a complementary color to that of the original background. It is possible that this background afterimage induces simultaneous contrast on the "empty shape". Simultaneous contrast is a psychophysical phenomenon of the change in the appearance of a color (or an achromatic stimulus) caused by the presence of a surrounding average color (or luminance).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afterimage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_flag(inverted).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The U.S. flag inverted Stare at the middle stripe for around 25 to 30 seconds. If you look at a wall and blink rapidly, this image will appear in color."><img alt="The U.S. flag inverted Stare at the middle stripe for around 25 to 30 seconds. If you look at a wall and blink rapidly, this image will appear in color." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/US_flag%28inverted%29.svg/120px-US_flag%28inverted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/US_flag%28inverted%29.svg/180px-US_flag%28inverted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/US_flag%28inverted%29.svg/240px-US_flag%28inverted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">U.S. flag</a> inverted Stare at the middle stripe for around 25 to 30 seconds. If you look at a wall and blink rapidly, this image will appear in color. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_square.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="A white square"><img alt="A white square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/White_square.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5" data-file-height="5" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A white square</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ItalianFlagInverted.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Italian flag inverted Stare at the middle of the flag. If you stare long enough and blink at a wall rapidly, this flag will appear in color."><img alt="The Italian flag inverted Stare at the middle of the flag. If you stare long enough and blink at a wall rapidly, this flag will appear in color." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ItalianFlagInverted.svg/120px-ItalianFlagInverted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ItalianFlagInverted.svg/180px-ItalianFlagInverted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ItalianFlagInverted.svg/240px-ItalianFlagInverted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Italian flag</a> inverted Stare at the middle of the flag. If you stare long enough and blink at a wall rapidly, this flag will appear in color. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Illusion_movie.ogv/120px--Illusion_movie.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="90" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="Illusion_movie.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Illusion_movie.ogv/Illusion_movie.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Illusion_movie.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Illusion_movie.ogv/Illusion_movie.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Illusion_movie.ogv/Illusion_movie.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Illusion_movie.ogv/Illusion_movie.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Illusion_movie.ogv/Illusion_movie.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Example video which produces a distorted illusion after one watches it and looks away. See <a href="/wiki/Motion_aftereffect" title="Motion aftereffect">motion aftereffect</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afterimage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Optics" title="Book of Optics">Book of Optics</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmert%27s_law" title="Emmert's law">Emmert's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilac_chaser" title="Lilac chaser">Lilac chaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCollough_effect" title="McCollough effect">McCollough effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_aftereffect" title="Motion aftereffect">Motion aftereffect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_adaptation" title="Neural adaptation">Neural adaptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palinopsia" title="Palinopsia">Palinopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistence_of_vision" title="Persistence of vision">Persistence of vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_burn-in" title="Screen burn-in">Screen burn-in</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectropia" title="Spectropia">Spectropia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Visual perception</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afterimage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=Neural+locus+of+color+afterimages.+.&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=220-224&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3562597%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012CBio...22..220Z&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22264612&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2011.12.021&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11858%2F00-001M-0000-000F-4AA5-4&rft.aulast=Zaidi&rft.aufirst=Q.&rft.au=Ennis%2C+R.&rft.au=Cao%2C+D.&rft.au=Lee%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2011.12.021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfterimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Horner_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horner_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horner_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorner2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Horner, David. 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"Demonstrations of Color Perception and the Importance of Contours". <i>Teaching of Psychology</i>. <b>24</b> (4): 267–268. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1207%2Fs15328023top2404_10">10.1207/s15328023top2404_10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0098-6283">0098-6283</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145364769">145364769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teaching+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Demonstrations+of+Color+Perception+and+the+Importance+of+Contours&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=267-268&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145364769%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0098-6283&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1207%2Fs15328023top2404_10&rft.aulast=Horner&rft.aufirst=David+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfterimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exo.net/~pauld/activities/perception/positiveafterimage.html">"positiveafterimage"</a>. <i>www.exo.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.exo.net&rft.atitle=positiveafterimage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exo.net%2F~pauld%2Factivities%2Fperception%2Fpositiveafterimage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfterimage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afterimage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Afterimage_illusions" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Afterimage illusions">Afterimage illusions</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180513121241/http://www.palinopsiafoundation.org/">The Palinopsia Foundation is dedicated to increasing awareness of palinopsia, to funding research into the causes, prevention and treatments for palinopsia, and to advocating for the needs of individuals with palinopsia and their families.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eyeonvision.org">Eye On Vision Foundation raises money and awareness for persistent visual conditions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/after.html">Afterimages</a>, a small demonstration.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goillusions.com/2014/08/count-black-dots-in-pic-color-illusion.html">afterimage examples</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618235627/http://www.goillusions.com/2014/08/count-black-dots-in-pic-color-illusion.html">Archived</a> 2015-06-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~hedva/documents/color_dove_illusion.html">The Color Dove Illusion</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Optical_illusions" title="Template:Optical illusions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Optical_illusions" title="Template talk:Optical illusions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Optical_illusions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Optical illusions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Optical_illusions_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Optical_illusion" title="Optical illusion">Optical illusions</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_optical_illusions" title="List of optical illusions">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illusions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afterimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambigram" title="Ambigram">Ambigram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambiguous_image" title="Ambiguous image">Ambiguous image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ames_room" title="Ames room">Ames room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autostereogram" title="Autostereogram">Autostereogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barberpole_illusion" title="Barberpole illusion">Barberpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezold_effect" title="Bezold effect">Bezold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_wall_illusion" title="Café wall illusion">Café wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checker_shadow_illusion" title="Checker shadow illusion">Checker shadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chubb_illusion" title="Chubb illusion">Chubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornsweet_illusion" title="Cornsweet illusion">Cornsweet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delboeuf_illusion" title="Delboeuf illusion">Delboeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebbinghaus_illusion" title="Ebbinghaus illusion">Ebbinghaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehrenstein_illusion" title="Ehrenstein illusion">Ehrenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_lag_illusion" title="Flash lag illusion">Flash lag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_spiral_illusion" title="Fraser spiral illusion">Fraser spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_hill" title="Gravity hill">Gravity hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_illusion" title="Grid illusion">Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hering_illusion" title="Hering illusion">Hering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_trident" title="Impossible trident">Impossible trident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irradiation_illusion" title="Irradiation illusion">Irradiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jastrow_illusion" title="Jastrow illusion">Jastrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilac_chaser" title="Lilac chaser">Lilac chaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mach_bands" title="Mach bands">Mach bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCollough_effect" title="McCollough effect">McCollough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion" title="Müller-Lyer illusion">Müller-Lyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necker_cube" title="Necker cube">Necker cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppel-Kundt_illusion" title="Oppel-Kundt illusion">Oppel-Kundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbison_illusion" title="Orbison illusion">Orbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrose_stairs" title="Penrose stairs">Penrose stairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrose_triangle" title="Penrose triangle">Penrose triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_drift_illusion" title="Peripheral drift illusion">Peripheral drift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poggendorff_illusion" title="Poggendorff illusion">Poggendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponzo_illusion" title="Ponzo illusion">Ponzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubin_vase" title="Rubin vase">Rubin vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sander_illusion" title="Sander illusion">Sander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schroeder_stairs" title="Schroeder stairs">Schroeder stairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepard_tables" title="Shepard tables">Shepard tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_dancer" title="Spinning dancer">Spinning dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternus_illusion" title="Ternus illusion">Ternus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical%E2%80%93horizontal_illusion" title="Vertical–horizontal illusion">Vertical–horizontal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White%27s_illusion" title="White's illusion">White's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wundt_illusion" title="Wundt illusion">Wundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%B6llner_illusion" title="Zöllner illusion">Zöllner</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg/30px-Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg/45px-Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg/60px-Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="117" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectropia" title="Spectropia">Spectropia</a></i> (1864 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ascending_and_Descending" title="Ascending and Descending">Ascending and Descending</a></i> (1960 drawing)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waterfall_(M._C._Escher)" title="Waterfall (M. C. Escher)">Waterfall</a></i> (1961 drawing)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_dress" title="The dress">The dress</a></i> (2015 photograph)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accidental_viewpoint" title="Accidental viewpoint">Accidental viewpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditory_illusion" title="Auditory illusion">Auditory illusions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illusion" title="Illusion">Illusions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactile_illusion" title="Tactile illusion">Tactile illusions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_perception" title="Time perception">Temporal illusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Phenomena_of_the_visual_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Visual_phenomena" title="Template:Visual phenomena"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Visual_phenomena" title="Template talk:Visual phenomena"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Visual_phenomena" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Visual phenomena"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Phenomena_of_the_visual_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Phenomena of the <a href="/wiki/Visual_system" title="Visual system">visual system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Entoptic_phenomenon" title="Entoptic phenomenon">Entoptic phenomena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision)" title="Blind spot (vision)">Blind spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphene" title="Phosphene">Phosphene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floater" title="Floater">Floater</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afterimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidinger%27s_brush" title="Haidinger's brush">Haidinger's brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner%27s_cinema" title="Prisoner's cinema">Prisoner's cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_field_entoptic_phenomenon" title="Blue field entoptic phenomenon">Blue field entoptic phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purkinje_images" title="Purkinje images">Purkinje images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(symptom)" title="Aura (symptom)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_constant" title="Form constant">Form constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scintillating_scotoma" title="Scintillating scotoma">Scintillating scotoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palinopsia" title="Palinopsia">Palinopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_snow" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual snow">Visual snow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afterimage on empty shape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray_visual_phenomena" title="Cosmic ray visual phenomena">Cosmic ray visual phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed-eye_hallucination" title="Closed-eye hallucination">Closed-eye hallucination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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