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</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <script> AUI().use( 'liferay-navigation-interaction', function(A) { (function() { var $ = AUI.$;var _ = AUI._; var navigation = A.one('#navbar_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_main_navigation'); Liferay.Data.NAV_INTERACTION_LIST_SELECTOR = '.navbar-site'; Liferay.Data.NAV_LIST_SELECTOR = '.navbar-site'; if (navigation) { navigation.plug(Liferay.NavigationInteraction); } })(); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navbar navbar-classic navbar-expand-md navbar-light order-2 order-md-2" id="breadcrums"> <div class="container-fluid container-fluid-max-xl breadcrumbs-container"> <div class="d-flex flex-column"> <h1>IR-35</h1> <div class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_com_liferay_site_navigation_breadcrumb_web_portlet_SiteNavigationBreadcrumbPortlet_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-barebone portlet-breadcrumb " 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</ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class="container flex-fill" id="content"> <h2 class="sr-only" role="heading" aria-level="1">IR-35 - HLWU</h2> <style type="text/css"> .master-layout-fragment .portlet-header { display: none; } </style> <div class="columns-1" id="main-content" role="main"> <div class="portlet-layout row"> <div class="col-md-12 portlet-column portlet-column-only" id="column-1"> <div class="portlet-dropzone portlet-column-content portlet-column-content-only" id="layout-column_column-1"> <div class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_com_liferay_journal_content_web_portlet_JournalContentPortlet_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-barebone portlet-journal-content " id="p_p_id_com_liferay_journal_content_web_portlet_JournalContentPortlet_INSTANCE_pIJtOc97ydr7_"> <span id="p_com_liferay_journal_content_web_portlet_JournalContentPortlet_INSTANCE_pIJtOc97ydr7"></span> <section class="portlet" id="portlet_com_liferay_journal_content_web_portlet_JournalContentPortlet_INSTANCE_pIJtOc97ydr7"> <div class="portlet-content"> <div class="autofit-float autofit-row portlet-header"> <div class="autofit-col autofit-col-end"> <div class="autofit-section"> <div class="visible-interaction"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" portlet-content-container"> <div class="portlet-body"> <div class="" data-fragments-editor-item-id="10108-6995074" data-fragments-editor-item-type="fragments-editor-mapped-item" > <div class="journal-content-article " data-analytics-asset-id="6995072" data-analytics-asset-title="IR35" data-analytics-asset-type="web-content"> <style> ol > li { font-size: 13px !important; line-height: 21px; font-weight: 400; margin-bottom:7px; color: #777!important; text-align: justify!important; } </style> <script> $(function() { $("#accordion6995072").accordion({ autoHeight: false, navigation: true, heightStyle: "content", collapsible: true, active:"none" }); }); </script> <div class="ev-content-container"> <div class="mx-page-title row left line-bottom"> <div class="mx-pagetitle-line"></div> <span class="fa-stack fa-2x icon-color"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle fa-stack-2x"></i> <i class="fa-solid fa-flask fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i> </span> <span class="mx-page-title-extra ">IR-35</span> </div> <p></p><p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;">  <a href="http://rdgroups.ciemat.es/web/hlwu/ir30">Ir a IR-30</a>                                              <a href="http://rdgroups.ciemat.es/web/hlwu/laboratorios-convencionales">Ir a Laboratorios Convencionales</a></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6687633"><source media="(max-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6687633/Thumbnail-128x128/IR35+p%C3%B3rtico+under+contruction.jpg?t=1671628377028" /><source media="(max-width:960px) and (min-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6687633/Preview-1000x0/IR35+p%C3%B3rtico+under+contruction.jpg?t=1671628377028" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6110713/IR35+p%C3%B3rtico+under+contruction.jpg/eba585f2-6719-4893-840a-9c7062597a96?t=1671628377028" style="height: 240px; width: 320px; float: left; margin: 5px 0px; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid;" /></picture></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>Laboratorio radiactivo IR-35</strong>: Este laboratorio ha sido diseñado para completar las actividades de la IR-30 con el objetivo de cubrir los requerimientos actuales y las necesidades futuras de las nuevas tendencias de investigación como laboratorios únicos en España que prestan este tipo de servicios y apoyo científico a instituciones públicas, centrales nucleares e industrias. Se está cerca de finalizar su construcción, equipamiento y licenciamiento  para permitir la nuclearización completa de los distintos laboratorios de caracterización de la URRAA. <picture data-fileentryid="6692981"><source media="(max-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6692981/Thumbnail-128x128/IR35+CAJAS+DE+GUANTES+Y+XRD.jpg?t=1671795808392" /><source media="(max-width:1000px) and (min-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6692981/Preview-1000x0/IR35+CAJAS+DE+GUANTES+Y+XRD.jpg?t=1671795808392" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6110713/IR35+CAJAS+DE+GUANTES+Y+XRD.jpg/02ea6783-80e9-4705-8790-db2067e61015?t=1671795808392" style="height: 240px; border-style: solid; text-align: justify; width: 320px; float: right; margin: 10px;" /></picture>La relevancia de esta nueva instalación se centra en unos límites de actividad para el manejo de materiales radiactivos superiores a los de la IR-30, y la adaptación de los equipos que actualmente permiten trabajar con cantidades "exentas" de radionucleidos. En este laboratorio se implementarán la mayoría de las técnicas de caracterización de superficies, que actualmente se realizan con la restricción correspondiente, en instalaciones no radiactivas en esta línea de investigación (Microdurómetro, Reómetro, XRD, BET, espectroscopia Raman, SEM-EDX, difracción láser, etc).</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p> <p id="yui_patched_v3_11_0_1_1671628427092_508"><span style="font-size:16px;">Supervisores de las Instalaciones Radiactivas IR30/IR35:</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:nieves.rodriguez@ciemat.es" style="color: rgb(108, 179, 239);">nieves.rodriguez@ciemat.es</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:sergio.fernandez@ciemat.es" style="color: rgb(108, 179, 239);">sergio.fernandez@ciemat.es</a></span></p><p></p> <div id="accordion6995072"> <h4>Microscopio electrónico, SEM-EDX</h4> <div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="text-align: justify;">En la instalación IR-35 (Edificio 12. S1. V10) del CIEMAT (Madrid, España) disponemos de un equipo de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM, por sus siglas en inglés) con una sonda adicional para medida de Dispersión de Rayos X (EDX). Mediante esta técnica, se pueden adquirir imágenes de las superficies de las diferentes muestras con las que se trabaja en la unidad, llegando a escala de micras para observar la morfología de las partículas que las integran. Mediante la sonda de EDX se puede realizar una cuantificación de elementos químicos presentes en la muestra, a través de la medida de los rayos X dispersados cuando el láser incide sobre la superficie del material.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6672797"><source media="(max-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6672797/Thumbnail-128x128/SEM+EDX1.jpg?t=1671127170339" /><source media="(max-width:960px) and (min-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6672797/Preview-1000x0/SEM+EDX1.jpg?t=1671127170339" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6110713/SEM+EDX1.jpg/7bc79091-b64b-471e-8693-fc8119d2501c?t=1671127170339" /></picture></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">La principal aplicación del SEM se basa en el análisis morfológico. De esta forma, permite caracterizar la forma de las partículas de uranio, por ejemplo, hecho importante como paso previo a la sinterización de pastillas de combustible. También con material pulverulento, permite identificar de forma cualitativa el grado de oxidación de materiales tipo UO<sub>2</sub>, mediante el análisis de las grietas producidas en el material por efecto del oxígeno, o bien por las diferentes morfologías que presentan las fases oxidadas de UO<sub>2</sub>, en particular U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>. Finalmente, también es posible su aplicación en la caracterización de pastillas de combustible nuclear. Especialmente interesante es su aplicación en la medida del tamaño medio de grano de los materiales sinterizados, parámetro crucial en la fabricación de nuevos combustibles nucleares, puesto que determinará los márgenes de seguridad que proveen frente al aumento del grado de quemado en el reactor.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">Encargados de la técnica:</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="color:#888;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture></span><a href="mailto:nieves.villagra@ciemat.es"><span style="color:#6cb3ef;">nieves.villagra@ciemat.es</span></a></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="color:#6cb3ef;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture></span><a href="mailto:sergio.fernandez@ciemat.es"><span style="color:#6cb3ef;">sergio.fernandez@ciemat.es</span></a></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="color:#6cb3ef;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture></span><a href="mailto:abel.milena@ciemat.es"><span style="color:#6cb3ef;">abel.milena@ciemat.es</span></a></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p></p></div> <h4>Espectroscopia Raman</h4> <div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">Existe una gran variedad de equipos de espectroscopía Raman en función de las necesidades que se quieran cubrir, pero todos tienen una serie de componentes esenciales que son comunes a este tipo de equipos. Esta parte instrumental común está formada por una fuente de radiación láser, un filtro, un monocromador con una red de difracción y un detector. En la URRAA poseemos varios equipos de espectroscopia Raman: un espectrómetro Micro-Raman confocal HORIBA LabRam HR Evolution de Jobin Yvon Technology y un nuevo equipo de espectroscopía Raman portátil, un i-Raman de la marca B&W Tek.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6672178"><source media="(max-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6672178/Thumbnail-128x128/Equipos+Raman.jpg?t=1686050027850" /><source media="(max-width:960px) and (min-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6672178/Preview-1000x0/Equipos+Raman.jpg?t=1686050027850" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6110713/Equipos+Raman.jpg/d4ce0317-7aba-4057-8140-ca042c13b7c2?t=1686050027850" /></picture>El desempeño de los repositorios tanto temporales como definitivos de combustible nuclear requiere el conocimiento de la estabilidad del combustible en diferentes condiciones de almacenamiento. Para ello algunos de los estudios se centran en la estabilidad del combustible nuclear gastado en condiciones secas, centrándose principalmente en la oxidación de la matriz de UO<sub>2 </sub>del combustible gastado. En caso de fallo del blindaje, la oxidación de UO<sub>2</sub> se produce debido a su contacto con el oxígeno atmosférico y las altas temperaturas presentes. El seguimiento in situ de esta reacción en distintas condiciones es una de las aplicaciones más importantes de la espectroscopía Raman en sólidos. A continuación, se muestran algunos espectros representativos de estas fases.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">Con el fin de realizar medidas de espectroscopía Raman de líquidos, se diseñaron unas cubetas cerradas que permiten realizar medidas de pequeños volúmenes de muestras (menores de 100 μL) en condiciones de seguridad. Además permite la refrigeración de la cubeta para ensayos exotérmicos o aquellos que requieran ralentizar las cinéticas. Pero claramente la mejor ventaja de este diseño propio es la posibilidad de encapsulación de la muestra y por tanto se pueden medir en laboratorios convencionales (por tratarse de muestras exentas y encapsuladas). Además las partes de la cápsula son reciclables y fáciles de desmontar y limpiar. Con esta cámara se ha desarrollado toda la metodología de análisis en medio acuoso del ácido acetohidroxámico (AHA) y sus compuestos de degradación hidrolítica.</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;">Encargados de la técnica:</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:laura.bonales@ciemat.es">laura.bonales@ciemat.es</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:abel.milena@ciemat.es">abel.milena@ciemat.es</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:Lorena.serrano@ciemat.es">lorena.serrano@ciemat.es</a></span></p><p></p></div> <h4>Difracción de Rayos X (XRD)</h4> <div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">En la instalación IR-35 (Edificio 12 S1.D10) del CIEMAT (Madrid, España) disponemos del difractómetro D8 Advance Eco de la firma Bruker. Este equipo permite el acceso a las técnicas de difracción de polvo convencional, microdifracción, incidencia rasante (GIXRD) y al estudio de transformaciones de fase mediante la plataforma de cámara de temperatura y atmósfera controlada. El generador de rayos X tiene una potencia limitada a 1 Kw y un circuito cerrado de refrigeración del tubo.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">La difracción de  polvo permite la identificación de fases presentes en la muestra comparando  los valores de ángulo difractado, intensidad y perfil de los espaciados con los contenidos en la base de datos de referencia para fases puras. Cada fase posee patrón o “huella dactilar” característica que permite la identificación. El método de Rietveld permite el análisis cuantitativo a partir de modelos de las fases que contienen la información cristalográfica.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">La cámara de temperatura y atmósfera controlada permite el estudio de la estabilidad de compuestos cristalinos en función de la temperatura, así como las transiciones cristalográficas o  la evolución de las fases en reacciones con atmósferas reactivas. La plataforma de temperatura y atmósfera controlada permite el seguimiento de la estabilidad del combustible nuclear en condiciones secas. El estudio <em>in situ</em> de la reacción de oxidación del combustible nuclear en distintas condiciones es una de las aplicaciones más interesantes de la difracción con cámara de temperatura y atmósfera controlada en el campo nuclear. </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6674664"><source media="(max-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6674664/Thumbnail-128x128/XRD1.jpg?t=1671194192777" /><source media="(max-width:960px) and (min-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6674664/Preview-1000x0/XRD1.jpg?t=1671194192777" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6110713/XRD1.jpg/f4d36367-1ca8-47e8-bc0d-ee774840cba7?t=1671194192777" /></picture></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;">Encargados de la técnica:</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:luis.gutierrez@ciemat.es" title="Correo electrónico">luis.gutierrez@ciemat.es</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:laura.bonales@ciemat.es">laura.bonales@ciemat.es</a></span></p><p></p></div> <h4>Medida de Tamaño y Distribución de Partícula (PSD)</h4> <div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">En la instalación IR-35 (Edificio 12 S1. D35) del CIEMAT (Madrid, España) disponemos de un equipo de medida de tamaño y distribución de partícula MALVERN MASTERSIZER 3000, diseñado para la medida rápida y con alta precisión de la distribución de tamaño de partículas de muestras en dispersión líquida y seca.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">El equipo utiliza la técnica Difracción láser o dispersión láser (LD de <em>Laser Diffraction,</em> o LS de <em>Laser Scattering</em>) que se basa en la teoría de la dispersión de luz láser de bajo ángulo. Dispone de dos fuente de luz: Láser roja de Helio-Neón de 633 nm de longitud y luz azul tipo LED de 470 nm de longitud de onda, que interaccionan con las partículas del sólido en suspensión dispersándose a determinados ángulos en función del tamaño que presenten las partículas permitiendo un rango de medidas de 0.01 a 3500 micras en un solo análisis sin necesidad de cambiar la óptica del equipo.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">Dicho equipo cuenta con diferentes celdas de medida, que permiten simultanear medidas tanto en vía seca como en vía húmeda mediante unidades de dispersión vía líquida de gran volumen HYDRO EV para base acuosa y solvente y unidad de dispersión vía seca automática con sistema venturi de acero inoxidable AERO S.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">Dentro de los proyectos en los que se encuentra involucrada la URRAA (EURAD, DISCO y OCATS), nos comprometemos a la fabricación de muestras (pellets con diferentes composiciones de óxidos metálicos) que posteriormente se someterán a diferentes ensayos (disolución, oxidación, etc.). En cualquiera de las líneas de fabricación utilizadas (procesamiento cerámico y conformado por Slip Casting), se ha de partir de la caracterización inicial del tamaño de partícula de los óxidos metálicos, ya sea para determinar la compatibilidad/superficie de reacción entre los diversos óxidos, como una vez realizados los ensayos de disolución, oxidación, etc. para comprobar su evolución y cómo afectará, por ejemplo, al almacenaje definitivo en condiciones húmedas (AGP) o secas (ATC) la variabilidad de este parámetro, al presentar mayor o menor superficie expuesta a los elementos externos.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6672231"><source media="(max-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6672231/Thumbnail-128x128/Tama%C3%B1o+de+particula.jpg?t=1681899546596" /><source media="(max-width:708px) and (min-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6672231/Preview-1000x0/Tama%C3%B1o+de+particula.jpg?t=1681899546596" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6110713/Tama%C3%B1o+de+particula.jpg/382a4f76-a23c-44e2-9627-eb5de4b22174?t=1681899546596" /></picture></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">Encargados de la técnica:</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:sergio.fernandez@ciemat.es">sergio.fernandez@ciemat.es</a></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:l.anta@ciemat.es">l.anta@ciemat.es</a></span></p> <p> </p><p></p></div> <h4>BET Medida del área superficial específica</h4> <div><p></p><h2><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6693955"><source media="(max-width:96px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6693955/Thumbnail-128x128/IR35+BET.jpg?t=1671806783474" /><source media="(max-width:1000px) and (min-width:96px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6693955/Preview-1000x0/IR35+BET.jpg?t=1671806783474" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6110713/IR35+BET.jpg/c93fe349-2973-40af-a3bf-6c5afc6c4c44?t=1671806783474" style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; height: 253px; width: 190px; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; margin: 11px; float: left;" /></picture></span></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">En la instalación IR-35 (Edificio 12 S1. D35) del CIEMAT (Madrid, España) disponemos de un equipo Micromeritics ASAP 2020 para análisis de área superficial y volumen de poros.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">El área superficial específica se define como la superficie de las partículas sólidas dividida por su masa, su determinación es de suma importancia debido a su relación directa con propiedades físicas fundamentales tales como en tamaño de partículas, energía de superficie, la dispersión de la luz, las propiedades de sinterización, retención de humedad y la porosidad del material a estudiar, propiedades que influyen en el procesado de polvos. Existen escasas técnicas que permitan obtener un valor cuantitativo y sistemático del área debido a la rugosidad que presentan las partículas sólida, también es una propiedad determinante en el control de la cinética de interacción química entre sólidos y gases o líquidos, debido a que la superficie externa es la parte que interacciona con la materia que le rodea.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">Debido a las actividades en las que se encuentra involucrada la Unidad de Residuos de Alta Actividad (URRAA) del CIEMAT (estudios de evaluación de la estabilidad del combustible nuclear), el objetivo principal de los estudios de superficie especifica se relacionan con la porosidad y particularmente se dirigen a determinar su implicación en las velocidades de disolución del combustible durante su Almacén Temporal Centralizado (ATC) o su emplazamiento definitivo en un Almacén Geológico Profundo (AGP).</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">Sin embargo, no solo es una propiedad cuyo estudio es de aplicación en sistemas agua-combustible, sino que además daría una idea de los cambios físico-químicos que se producen en la pastilla de combustible, como consecuencia de su irradiación, o bien durante procesos de oxidación en los que cambien la porosidad y/o el tamaño de partícula.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;">Encargados de la técnica:</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:sergio.fernandez@ciemat.es">sergio.fernandez@ciemat.es</a></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:l.anta@ciemat.es">l.anta@ciemat.es</a></span></p><p></p></div> <h4>Línea de fabricación de análogos de combustible nuclear</h4> <div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;">En la línea de fabricación de análogos de combustible nuclear que se utilizarán en los ensayos de I+D relativos a la gestión de los residuos de alta actividad y sobre el comportamiento del combustible gastado en condiciones de almacenamiento temporal y AGP realizados por la Unidad de Residuos de Alta Actividad se utilizan diferentes equipos:</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6672812"><source media="(max-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6672812/Thumbnail-128x128/Fabricacion1.jpg?t=1671127262853" /><source media="(max-width:960px) and (min-width:128px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6672812/Preview-1000x0/Fabricacion1.jpg?t=1671127262853" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6110713/Fabricacion1.jpg/7683098f-0f23-4578-a368-49d1b685d801?t=1671127262853" /></picture></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>Dispositivo de prensado de la marca POWER TEAM:</strong> el dispositivo de prensado está ubicado sobre poyata y dentro de una caja de guantes estanca sellada con silicona específica para este tipo de sistemas y con guantes de polietileno clorosulfonado. En su interior se ubica la prensa impulsada por una bomba hidráulica con una capacidad máxima de 25 T de presión, ambos de la marca POWER TEAM, y un medidor portátil de la marca PARKER.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>Horno Termolab TH1700:</strong> para el cocido y sinterizado de las muestras. Alcanza una temperatura máxima de 1700ºC y permite el control de la atmósfera de trabajo mediante un rotámetro. Cuenta con un programador que permite la programación del horno creando rampa de calentamiento, temperatura objetivo y tiempo de residencia.</span></p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>Molino homogeneizador:</strong> Retsch MM 400 está concebido como aparato de laboratorio apto para la trituración y la homogeneización de materiales blandos, fibrosos, duros y frágiles en estado seco y húmedo de 2 muestras al mismo tiempo. Cuenta con vasos de molienda enroscables, para garantizar la completa recuperación de las muestras, de 35 ml de capacidad revestidos de óxido de circonio. Se puede seleccionar la frecuencia entre 3 y 30 Hz.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>Pulidora Retsch ReMetaServ™ 250:</strong> con cabezal semiautomático que permite el pulido de cuatro muestras a la vez. Cabezal de rotación con velocidad de 50-500rpm y surtido de papeles de lija y paños de pulido hasta una suspensión de polvo de diamante de 3 µm.</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;">Encargados de las técnicas:</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:sergio.fernandez@ciemat.es">sergio.fernandez@ciemat.es</a></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><picture data-fileentryid="6062178"><source media="(max-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Preview-1000x0/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><source media="(max-width:30px) and (min-width:30px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/6062178/Thumbnail-128x128/email.png?t=1650546030574" /><img alt="" src="/documents/6058581/6109960/email.png/15f9babd-8d07-48b5-9e6b-f1f438c6ff0b?t=1650546030574" style="height: 35px; color: rgb(108, 179, 239); font-size: 13px; text-align: justify; width: 30px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;" /></picture><a href="mailto:l.anta@ciemat.es">l.anta@ciemat.es</a></span></p><p></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <form action="#" aria-hidden="true" class="hide" id="hrefFm" method="post" name="hrefFm"><span></span><button hidden type="submit">Oculto</button></form> </section> <footer id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="navbar d-none d-md-block"> <div class="container-fluid container-fluid-max-xl"> <div id="navigation_footer"> <div class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-barebone portlet-navigation " id="p_p_id_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation_"> <span id="p_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation"></span> <section class="portlet" id="portlet_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation"> <div class="portlet-content"> <div class=" portlet-content-container"> <div class="portlet-body"> <div id="navbar_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation"> <ul aria-label="Páginas del sitio web" class="navbar-blank navbar-nav navbar-site" role="menubar"> <li class="lfr-nav-item nav-item" id="layout_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation_1" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link text-truncate" href='https://rdgroups.ciemat.es/web/hlwu/inicio' role="menuitem"> <span class="text-truncate"> Inicio </span> </a> </li> <li class="lfr-nav-item nav-item" id="layout_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation_2" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link text-truncate" href='https://rdgroups.ciemat.es/web/hlwu/personal' role="menuitem"> <span class="text-truncate"> Personal </span> </a> </li> <li class="lfr-nav-item nav-item" id="layout_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation_3" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link text-truncate" href='https://rdgroups.ciemat.es/web/hlwu/laboratorios' role="menuitem"> <span class="text-truncate"> Laboratorios </span> </a> </li> <li class="lfr-nav-item nav-item" id="layout_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation_9" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link text-truncate" href='https://rdgroups.ciemat.es/web/hlwu/lineas-de-investigacion' role="menuitem"> <span class="text-truncate"> Líneas de investigación </span> </a> </li> <li class="lfr-nav-item nav-item" id="layout_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation_4" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link text-truncate" href='https://rdgroups.ciemat.es/web/hlwu/proyectos' role="menuitem"> <span class="text-truncate"> Proyectos </span> </a> </li> <li class="lfr-nav-item nav-item" id="layout_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation_26" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link text-truncate" href='https://rdgroups.ciemat.es/web/hlwu/noticias' role="menuitem"> <span class="text-truncate"> Noticias </span> </a> </li> <li class="lfr-nav-item nav-item" id="layout_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation_6" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link text-truncate" href='https://rdgroups.ciemat.es/web/hlwu/produccion-cientifica' role="menuitem"> <span class="text-truncate"> Producción Científica </span> </a> </li> <li class="lfr-nav-item nav-item" id="layout_com_liferay_site_navigation_menu_web_portlet_SiteNavigationMenuPortlet_INSTANCE_footer_navigation_37" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link text-truncate" href='https://rdgroups.ciemat.es/web/hlwu/eventos' role="menuitem"> <span class="text-truncate"> Eventos </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <script> AUI().use( 'liferay-navigation-interaction', function(A) { (function() { var $ = AUI.$;var _ = AUI._; 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