VISIR | ESO

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<span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1 current"> <ul id="submenu-aim-249" class="submenu-aim selected current"> <li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/"> Paranal Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-250" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current"><li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-251" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current"><li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-252" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current current-leaf"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires+/"> CRIRES+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a 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href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=" current current-leaf"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-274" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlti/"> VLT Interferometer <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-279" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-288" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-289" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-295" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-302" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-303" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-305" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-312" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-326" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-333" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-337" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-347" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-352" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-356" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-359" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-362" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-365" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-368" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-380" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/concerto/"> CONCERTO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-396" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/http://www.esof.eu/"> EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-474" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-487" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul 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</div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>VISIR</h1> <h2>VLT Imager and Spectrometer for mid-Infrared</h2> <p><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/images/visir_startup2_dec20/"><img src="/web/20220309203409im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/static/teles-instr/vlt/images/visir_startup2_dec20_pano.jpg" border="0"/></a></p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <p><em><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0417b/"><img style="float: left; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px;" src="/web/20220309203409im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/potwmedium/eso0417b.jpg" width="220" height="140" border="0"/></a></em></p> <p>Take a few minutes to look at the night sky on a dark night and you will notice that there are several huge black areas in the Milky Way. Is there something out there? Or are there just empty black spaces between the stars?</p> <p>For years, astronomers have wondered the same thing. The truth is that many of these dark areas are no more than dusty zones blocking the visible light coming from the stars. That means that the light that your eyes can see is absorbed by the dust, leaving astronomers working in visible light blind, with no information to analyse from these regions.</p> <p><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1121a/"><img style="float: right; padding: 7px 0px 10px 20px;" src="/web/20220309203409im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/potwmedium/eso1121a.jpg" width="220" height="140" border="0"/></a>The VLT Imager and Spectrometer for mid-InfraRed or VISIR is one of the tools that astronomers use to get around this problem. This instrument was installed on the VLT in 2004, and it can study the infrared light from celestial objects. Why infrared? This kind of light, with a longer wavelength than the visible (up to 40 times longer), propagates much better through dust clouds, allowing astronomers to study remarkable objects and processes like the formation and evolution of the stars, the stellar wind, molecular clouds and protostars that would otherwise hidden behind the clouds.</p> <p>So VISIR is to dark nebulae what ultrasound is to medical inspections — it can look into hidden regions to study unborn babies — in VISIR’s case stellar embryos. In just 20 minutes, this instrument can acquire as many images or spectra as a 3- or 4-metre-class telescope is able to do in a whole night of observations, allowing astronomers obtain great results.</p> <p>In principle it sounds easy, but it is not. It’s hard to believe, because you do not see it, but infrared light is everywhere. Earth's atmosphere, animals, machines and even your body emit infrared light.</p> <p>This ubiquitous infrared light pollution can easily drown out the faint infrared signals from the sky, ruining the observations in the same way that visible light from the stars can be swamped by the light pollution from a city. So, engineers and astronomers have developed two techniques, called chopping and nodding, for detecting faint astronomical signals against this unwanted background pollution.</p> <p>And there is one last problem.... If VISIR were at the same temperature as its surroundings, the metal and glass of VISIR would emit lots of infrared light which would overwhelm any faint mid-infrared astronomical signals. So, to avoid this effect, the whole VISIR instrument is cooled down to a temperature close to -250° C. Imagine: -250º C. That’s very cold! The two detectors in the instrument are kept even colder, at around -270°C, only a few degrees above <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zero" target="_blank" rel="noopener">absolute zero</a>, the lower limit of temperatures (-273°C).</p> <p>As part of the New Earths in the Alpha Cen Region (NEAR) project — a collaboration between ESO and the Breakthrough Initiatives — VISIR has been modified to greatly enhance its ability to search for potentially habitable planets around Alpha Centauri, the closest stellar system to the Earth. VISIR's performance has been enhanced using adaptive optics and a technique called coronagraphy, which reduces stellar light and thereby reveals the possible signal of potential terrestrial exoplanets.</p> <p>So, next time that you see a black spot in the sky, try to imagine what it is behind the dust. Need a hint? Ask VISIR.</p> <h2>Science highlights with VISIR</h2> <ul> <li>New image reveals vast nebula around famous supergiant star Betelgeuse (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1121/">eso1121</a>)</li> <li>VISIR looks deep into a huge storm on Saturn (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1116/">eso1116</a>)</li> <li>Scientists get a first look at weather inside the Solar System’s biggest storm, Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, using VISIR (<a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1010/">eso1010</a>)</li> <li>VISIR observations suggest that the supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies help “to build” their own host galaxy (<a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0946/">eso0946</a>)</li> <li>VISIR discovered that the south pole of Neptune is much hotter than the rest of the planet (<a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0741/">eso0741</a>)</li> </ul> <table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="2"> <tbody> <tr valign="Top"> <td> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/images/visir_cc/"><img class="nopadding" src="/web/20220309203409im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/medium/visir_cc.jpg" width="600" border="0"/></a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><small>A raw image straight from VISIR. As the instrument observes in the thermal infrared, the individual exposures are extremely short, and the final image is obtained by combining hundreds, or even thousands, of individual snapshots obtained at slightly different positions. This technique allows astronomers to beat the incredibly bright background from the sky and from the telescope itself. It also allows them to correct for the many defects of the tiny detector, which appear here as dark and bright spots, as well as structure in the background. This image was one of the many that was used to produce the view of the star Betelgeuse further up this page.</small></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <table class="table table-bordered" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <h3>VISIR</h3> <p><small>The authoritative technical specifications as offered for astronomical observations are available from the <a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/instruments/visir.html">Science Operation page</a>.</small></p> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" width="30"><strong>Site:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Paranal</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="30"><strong>Telescope:</strong></td> <td valign="top">UT3 Melipal</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Focus:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Cassegrain</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Type:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Infrared imager, spectrograph</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Wavelength coverage:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><em>N</em>-band 8–13μm / <em>Q</em>-band 16.5–24.5 μm</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Seeing-limited</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Spectral resolution:</strong></td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>First light date:</strong></td> <td valign="top">2004 (<a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0417/">eso0417</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images taken with the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?adv=&instrument=13">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images of the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/images/?search=VISIR">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Videos of the instrument:</strong></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/search/?subject_name=VISIR">Link</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Press Releases with the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/search/?published_until_year=0&published_until_day=0&description=&title=&instruments=13&subject_name=&published_since_day=0&published_since_month=0&published_until_month=0&id=&published_since_year=0">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Data papers:</strong></td> <td valign="top"> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/http://telbib.eso.org/index.php?&flimiti=off&fq[]=instrument:VISIR">Link</a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/http://www.eso.org/sci/observing/policies/publications.html">ESO data citation policy</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Science goals:</strong></td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Consortium:</strong></p> </td> <td style="text-align: left;" valign="top"> <p>CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Saclay, France.</p> <p>the Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy/ASTRON</p> <p>ESO</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309203409/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20220309203409/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link 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