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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klima_og_landskab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima_og_landskab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Klima og landskab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima_og_landskab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sprog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sprog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sprog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sprog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forhistorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forhistorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Forhistorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forhistorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankrigs_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankrigs_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Frankrigs invasion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankrigs_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efter_selvstændigheden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efter_selvstændigheden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Efter selvstændigheden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efter_selvstændigheden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrativ_inddeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrativ_inddeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administrativ inddeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrativ_inddeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Økonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Økonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Økonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Økonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Økonomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Økonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landbrug" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landbrug"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Landbrug</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landbrug-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Industri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Infrastruktur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Udenrigshandel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Udenrigshandel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Udenrigshandel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Udenrigshandel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uddannelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uddannelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Uddannelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uddannelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kultur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Kultur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Musik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mad_og_drikke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mad_og_drikke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Mad og drikke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mad_og_drikke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Noter-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Noter</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kilder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kilder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Kilder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kilder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Eksterne henvisninger</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-På_fransk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#På_fransk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>På fransk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-På_fransk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-På_engelsk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#På_engelsk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>På engelsk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-På_engelsk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tchad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 252 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-252" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">252 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – achinesisk" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad – schweizertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%B5" title="ቻድ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cead" title="Cead – oldengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cead" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="oldengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1" title="चैड – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चैड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="تشاد – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%90%DC%95" title="ܬܫܐܕ – aramæisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܫܐܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramæisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="تشاد – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تشاد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="تشاد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشاد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="চাদ – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcada" title="Tcada – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tcada" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cads" title="Čads – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čads" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsad" title="Tsad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tsad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cad" title="Cad – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Cad" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cad" title="Cad – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Cad" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="চাদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆཱ་ཌ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆཱ་ཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="চাদ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চাদ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txad" title="Txad – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – tjetjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%9Bad" title="Tśad – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tśad" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A3%E1%8F%97" title="ᏣᏗ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏣᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiad" title="Tsiad – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cad" title="Cad – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Cad" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ad" title="Tšad – nedersorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Tšad" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="nedersorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%9D%DE%A7%DE%8B%DE%AA" title="ޝާދު – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޝާދު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyadi" title="Tsyadi – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Tsyadi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Τσαντ – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσαντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ado" title="Ĉado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1aad" title="Tšaad – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšaad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txad" title="Txad – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caadi" title="Caadi – fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Caadi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ad" title="Tšad – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1aad" title="Tšaad – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tšaad" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjad" title="Kjad – færøsk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kjad" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjaad" title="Tsjaad – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjaad" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sead" title="Sead – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sead" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad – gagauzisk" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Siad" title="An t-Siad – skotsk gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Siad" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1de" title="Cháde – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Cháde" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%85%E0%AA%A1" title="ચૅડ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચૅડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shad" title="Shad – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shad" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadi" title="Cadi – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Cadi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – hakka-kinesisk" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%93" title="צ'אד – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'אד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad – øvresorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="øvresorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cs%C3%A1d" title="Csád – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csád" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Չադ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjad" title="Tjad – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tjad" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%89" title="チャド – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tcad" title="tcad – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tcad" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჩადი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%8Dad" title="Ččad – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ččad" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caad%C9%A9" title="Caadɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caadɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caad" title="Caad – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Caad" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasadi" title="Tasadi – kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Tasadi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A" title="ឆាដ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆាដ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಚಾಡ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಾಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EB%93%9C" title="차드 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="차드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – cornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzadia" title="Tzadia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tzadia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad – luxembourgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txad" title="Txad – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Txad" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjaad" title="Tsjaad – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsjaad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsadi" title="Tsadi – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Tsadi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ປະເທດຊາດ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຊາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cadas" title="Čadas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čadas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cada" title="Čada – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čada" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsady" title="Tsady – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsady" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81ta" title="Kāta – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kāta" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9B%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഛാഡ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഛാഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%97_(%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B)" title="ꯆꯥꯗ (ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ) – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯥꯗ (ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ)" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड – marathisk" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aad" title="Ċad – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċad" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xade" title="Xade – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Xade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%92%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ချဒ်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချဒ်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد – mazenisk" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazenisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjaad" title="Tsjaad – plattysk (Holland)" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tsjaad" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="plattysk (Holland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड – nepalesisk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjaad" title="Tsjaad – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjaad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjad" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – nordsotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nordsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9%C3%ADb%C4%85%C4%85h_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Séíbąąh Dineʼé Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Séíbąąh Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaad" title="Chaad – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Chaad" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1" title="ਚਾਡ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhad" title="Jhad – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Jhad" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsad" title="Tsad – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tsad" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – nigeriansk pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="nigeriansk pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchaed" title="Tchaed – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Tchaed" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czad" title="Czad – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czad" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%88" title="چاڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چاڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chade" title="Chade – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad – rætoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rætoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cade" title="Cade – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Cade" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – jakutisk" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱪᱟᱫᱽ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱟᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A0d" title="Ciàd – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ciàd" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%8A" title="چاڊ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چاڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2de" title="Sâde – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Sâde" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcad" title="Tcad – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tcad" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BB%E1%81%A2%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းၶျၢတ်ႈ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶျၢတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="චෑඩ් – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චෑඩ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – samoansk" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ad" title="Tšad – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tšad" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadhi" title="Chadhi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chadhi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad" title="Jad – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87adi" title="Çadi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çadi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IShedi" title="IShedi – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IShedi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – sydsotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sydsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czad" title="Czad – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czad" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="சாட் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D" title="చాద్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చాద్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xade" title="Xade – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Xade" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="ประเทศชาด – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศชาด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cad" title="Cad – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cad" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد – uygurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uygurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%88" title="چاڈ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چاڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tsjad" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjad%C3%A4n" title="Tjadän – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tjadän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchade" title="Tchade – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchade" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadd" title="Cadd – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Cadd" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乍得" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჩადი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%93_(%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93)" title="טשאד (לאנד) – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשאד (לאנד)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsad" title="Tsad – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tsad" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjaod" title="Tsjaod – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tsjaod" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%9B%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7" title="ⵜⵛⴰⴷ – tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵛⴰⴷ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乍得" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="乍得" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="乍得" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITshedi" title="ITshedi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITshedi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q657#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tchad" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Tchad" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tchad"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tchad"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Tchad" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Tchad" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Specialsider" title="Liste over alle specialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&oldid=11816479" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Citer&page=Tchad&id=11816479&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om, hvordan man kan citere denne side"><span>Referer til denne side</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTchad"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTchad"><span>Download QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Organisation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Organisation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Organisation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_Wikipedia"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikimedia-Danmark" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://dk.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><span>Wikimedia Danmark</span></a></li><li id="n-GLAM" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM"><span>GLAM</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Udskriv/eksportér </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Bog&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tchad"><span>Lav en bog</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tchad&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&printable=yes" title="Printervenlig udgave af denne side [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Udskriftsvenlig udgave</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I andre projekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tchad" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q657" title="Link til tilknyttet emne i Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geografiske_koordinater" title="Wikipedia:Geografiske koordinater">Koordinater</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11755137">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=da&pagename=Tchad&params=15.46667_N_19.4_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted"><span class="latitude">15°28′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">19°24′00″Ø</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted">15.46667°N 19.4°Ø</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.46667; 19.4</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gode_artikler" title="Dette er en god artikel. Klik her for mere information."><img alt="God artikel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/15px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/22px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11833479">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="font-size:85%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Republikken Tchad</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em;"><span lang="fr"><i>République du Tchad</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:120%;">جمهورية تشاد </span><br /><i>Jumhūriyyat Tshād</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tchads flag"><img alt="Tchads flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/125px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/188px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/250px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Tchads_flag" title="Tchads flag">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tchads nationalvåben"><img alt="Tchads nationalvåben" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Tchads_nationalv%C3%A5ben" title="Tchads nationalvåben">Nationalvåben</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a>: </b>"<span lang="fr"><i>Unité, Travail, Progrès</i></span>"<br /><small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Fransk_(sprog)" title="Fransk (sprog)">fransk</a>: <span lang="fr"></span></i>"Enhed - Arbejde - Fremskridt"<i>)</i> </small> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nationalsang" title="Nationalsang">Nationalmelodi</a>: </b>"<span lang="fr"><i><a href="/wiki/La_Tchadienne" title="La Tchadienne">La Tchadienne</a></i></span>"</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chad_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tchads placering"><img alt="Tchads placering" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Chad_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Chad_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Chad_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Chad_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Chad_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Chad_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Hovedstad" title="Hovedstad">Hovedstad</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Tchads_demografi" title="Tchads demografi"> og største by</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:90%;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11755137">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=da&pagename=Tchad&params=12_06_N_15_02_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted"><span class="latitude">12°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">15°02′Ø</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted">12.100°N 15.033°Ø</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.100; 15.033</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Officielt_sprog" title="Officielt sprog">Officielle sprog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Fransk_(sprog)" title="Fransk (sprog)">Fransk</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arabisk_(sprog)" title="Arabisk (sprog)">Arabisk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">tchader</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Tchads_politik" title="Tchads politik">Regeringsform</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">Republik</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11833479"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Tchads_statsoverhoveder" title="Tchads statsoverhoveder">Præsident</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahamat_Idriss_D%C3%A9by_Itno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno (ikke skrevet endnu)">Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Tchads_premierministre" title="Tchads premierministre">Premierminister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allamaye_Halina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allamaye Halina (ikke skrevet endnu)">Allamaye Halina</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Tchads_historie" title="Tchads historie">Uafhængighed</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">fra <a href="/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig">Frankrig</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11833479"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Tchads_geografi" title="Tchads geografi">Areal </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/1_E12_m%C2%B2" title="1 E12 m²"> 1.284.000 km<sup>2</sup></a>  (<a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_arealer" title="Verdens landes arealer">nr. 21</a>) </td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vand" title="Vand">Vand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Procent" title="Procent">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">1,9</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Tchads_demografi" title="Tchads demografi">Befolkning</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Anslået 2009</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">10.329.208<sup id="cite_ref-cia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_befolkningsst%C3%B8rrelser" title="Verdens landes befolkningsstørrelser">nr. 74</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Folketælling 1993</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">6.279.921</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Befolkningst%C3%A6thed" title="Befolkningstæthed">Tæthed</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">8,0/km<sup>2</sup>  (<a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_befolkningst%C3%A6thed" title="Verdens landes befolkningstæthed">nr. 212</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Bruttonationalprodukt" title="Bruttonationalprodukt">BNP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8bekraftsparitet" title="Købekraftsparitet">KKP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">Anslået 2008</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">16,180 <a href="/wiki/Milliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliard">mia.</a> <a href="/wiki/Amerikanske_dollar" title="Amerikanske dollar">USD</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Pr. indbygger</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">1.663 <a href="/wiki/Amerikanske_dollar" title="Amerikanske dollar">USD</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Bruttonationalprodukt" title="Bruttonationalprodukt">BNP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominelt)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">Anslået 2008</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">8,400 <a href="/wiki/Milliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliard">mia.</a> <a href="/wiki/Amerikanske_dollar" title="Amerikanske dollar">USD</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Pr. indbygger</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">863 <a href="/wiki/Amerikanske_dollar" title="Amerikanske dollar">USD</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index"><abbr title="Human Development Index">HDI</abbr></a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2007)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Stigning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0,392</span> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:red;">lav</span></span>) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lande_rangordnet_efter_HDI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lande rangordnet efter HDI (ikke skrevet endnu)">nr. 175</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">Valuta</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CFA_franc" class="mw-redirect" title="CFA franc">CFA franc</a> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">XAF</a></code>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Tidszone" title="Tidszone">Tidszone</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+1</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestafrikansk_tid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestafrikansk tid (ikke skrevet endnu)">WAT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Sommertid" title="Sommertid">Sommertid</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+1</span> (findes ikke)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Venstrek%C3%B8rsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Venstrekørsel">Kører i</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">højre side af vejen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationale_kendingsbogstaver_(biler)" title="Nationale kendingsbogstaver (biler)">Kendings-<br />bogstaver (bil)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><b>TD</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationale_kendingsbogstaver_(fly)" title="Nationale kendingsbogstaver (fly)">Luftfartøjs-<br />registreringskode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><b>TT</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalt_topdom%C3%A6ne" title="Nationalt topdomæne">Internetdomæne</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/.td" title=".td">.td</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/International_telefonkode" title="International telefonkode">Telefonkode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><code>+235</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166-kode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:TD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:TD (ikke skrevet endnu)">TD</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-3">TCD</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_numerisk" title="ISO 3166-1 numerisk">148</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11833479"></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/19px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/29px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/38px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><i> For alternative betydninger, se <a href="/wiki/Tchad_(flertydig)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tchad (flertydig)">Tchad (flertydig)</a>.</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Speciel:Pr%C3%A6fiksindeks/Tchad" title="Speciel:Præfiksindeks/Tchad">Se også artikler, som begynder med Tchad</a>)</small></dd></dl> <p><b>Tchad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Fransk_(sprog)" title="Fransk (sprog)">fransk</a>: <span lang="fr"><i>Tchad</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabisk_(sprog)" title="Arabisk (sprog)">arabisk</a>: تشاد, <i>Tšād</i>), officielt <b>Republikken Tchad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Fransk_(sprog)" title="Fransk (sprog)">fransk</a>: <span lang="fr"><i>République du Tchad</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabisk_(sprog)" title="Arabisk (sprog)">arabisk</a>: جمهوريّة تشاد, <i>Jumhūriyya Tšād</i>), er en <a href="/wiki/Indlandsstat" title="Indlandsstat">indlandsstat</a> i <a href="/wiki/Centralafrika" title="Centralafrika">Centralafrika</a>. Landet grænser op til <a href="/wiki/Libyen" title="Libyen">Libyen</a> mod nord, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> mod øst, <a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanske_Republik" title="Centralafrikanske Republik">Centralafrikanske Republik</a> mod syd, <a href="/wiki/Cameroun" title="Cameroun">Cameroun</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> mod sydvest, og <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> mod vest. Den nordlige del af Tchad ligger i <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara-ørkenen</a>. Tchad inddeles i tre større geografiske regioner: en ørkenzone i nord, et tørt <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">sahelbælte</a> i midten og en mere frugtbar <a href="/wiki/Savanne" title="Savanne">savanne</a> mod syd. Landet er opkaldt efter <a href="/wiki/Tchad-s%C3%B8en" title="Tchad-søen">Tchad-søen</a>, som er det største vådområde i Tchad og det næststørste i <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>. Tchads højeste bjerg er <a href="/wiki/Emi_Koussi" title="Emi Koussi">Emi Koussi</a> i Sahara, og den største by er <a href="/wiki/Hovedstad" title="Hovedstad">hovedstaden</a> <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a>. Tchad er beboet af over 200 forskellige etniske og sproglige grupper. De officielle sprog er fransk og arabisk og <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> er den mest udbredte religion i landet. </p><p>I begyndelsen af det syvende årtusind f.Kr. flyttede store grupper af mennesker ind i Tchad-<a href="/wiki/Depression_(geologi)" title="Depression (geologi)">sænkningen</a>. I slutningen af det første årtusind f.Kr. kom og faldt en række stater og imperier i Tchads sahelbælte, hvor alle fokuserede på kontrol over de <a href="/wiki/Trans-Sahara-handelen" title="Trans-Sahara-handelen">transsahariske handelsruter</a>, som passerede gennem regionen. <a href="/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig">Frankrig</a> erobrede området i 1920 og indlemmede det som en del af <a href="/wiki/Fransk_%C3%86kvatorialafrika" title="Fransk Ækvatorialafrika">Fransk Ækvatorialafrika</a>. Under ledelse af <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tombalbaye" title="François Tombalbaye">François Tombalbaye</a> blev Tchad selvstændig i 1960, men hans politik vakte misfornøjelse i den muslimske norddel af landet, hvilket kulminerede i udbruddet af en langvarig borgerkrig i 1965. I 1979 erobrede <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_d%27Union_Nationale_de_Transition" title="Gouvernement d'Union Nationale de Transition">oprørerne</a> hovedstaden og gjorde en ende på <a href="/wiki/Hegemoni" title="Hegemoni">hegemoniet</a> fra syd. Rebellernes ledere kom imidlertid i indbyrdes strid indtil <a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Hissène Habré</a> besejrede sine rivaler. Han blev styrtet i 1990 af sin general <a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a>. I de senere år har <a href="/wiki/Darfur-konflikten" title="Darfur-konflikten">Darfur-konflikten</a> spredt sig over grænsen fra Sudan og destabiliseret landet. </p><p>Der er mange aktive <a href="/wiki/Politiske_partier_i_Tchad" title="Politiske partier i Tchad">politiske partier i Tchad</a>, men magten lå, indtil hans død, fast i hænderne på præsident Déby og hans parti <i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_patriotique_du_Salut" title="Mouvement patriotique du Salut">Mouvement patriotique du Salut</a></i>. Tchad er fortsat ramt af politisk motiveret vold og stadige forsøg på <a href="/wiki/Statskup" title="Statskup">statskup</a>. Det er et af de fattigste og mest korrupte lande i Afrika. De fleste tchadere lever i fattigdom og driver landbrug og husdyrhold til eget brug. Den traditionelle <a href="/wiki/Bomuld" title="Bomuld">bomuldsindustri</a> var landets fremmeste kilde til eksportindtægter frem til 2003, da <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5olie" title="Råolie">råolie</a> tog over. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Tchads_geografi" title="Tchads geografi">Tchads geografi</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chad_sat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chad_sat.jpg/170px-Chad_sat.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chad_sat.jpg/255px-Chad_sat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chad_sat.jpg/340px-Chad_sat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="1922" /></a><figcaption>Tchad er inddelt i tre klimatiske zoner, fra savannen mod syd til <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara-ørkenen</a> mod nord.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tchad er med sine 1.284.000 km², verdens <a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_arealer" title="Verdens landes arealer">21. største land</a> og det femtestørste i Afrika. Landet har <a href="/wiki/Indlandsstat" title="Indlandsstat">ingen kyst mod havet</a> og har fire <a href="/wiki/Klimazone" class="mw-redirect" title="Klimazone">klimazoner</a>: Store tørre sletter midt i landet, <a href="/wiki/%C3%98rken" title="Ørken">ørken</a> i nord, et tørt bjergområde i nordvest og et tropisk lavland i syd. Den lavtliggende <a href="/wiki/Tchad-s%C3%B8en" title="Tchad-søen">Tchad-sø</a> er Afrikas næststørste sø og ligger vest i landet. Til sammenligning er Tchad lidt mindre end <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, og lidt større end <a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tchad ligger i det nordlige Centralafrika, mellem 8. og 24. <a href="/wiki/Breddekreds" title="Breddekreds">breddegrad</a> nord og 14. og 24. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6ngdekreds" title="Længdekreds">længdegrad</a> øst. </p><p>Tchad grænser op til <a href="/wiki/Libyen" title="Libyen">Libyen</a> mod nord, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> mod øst, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> og <a href="/wiki/Cameroun" title="Cameroun">Cameroun</a> mod vest og <a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanske_Republik" title="Centralafrikanske Republik">Den centralafrikanske republik</a> mod syd. Blandt de fem største byer er landets hovedstad, <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a> med 704.200 indbyggere, som er 1.600 km fra nærmeste havn,<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNHCHR_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHCHR-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moundou" title="Moundou">Moundou</a> med 136.900, <a href="/wiki/Sarh" title="Sarh">Sarh</a> med 100.100, <a href="/wiki/Ab%C3%A9ch%C3%A9" title="Abéché">Abéché</a> med 72.500 og <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9lo" title="Kélo">Kélo</a> med 41.500. På grund af denne afstand til havet, og at landet i stor grad har ørkenklima, bliver det nogle gange refereret til som <i>Afrikas døde hjerte</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:ShrinkingLakeChad-1973-1997-EO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ShrinkingLakeChad-1973-1997-EO.jpg/220px-ShrinkingLakeChad-1973-1997-EO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ShrinkingLakeChad-1973-1997-EO.jpg/330px-ShrinkingLakeChad-1973-1997-EO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ShrinkingLakeChad-1973-1997-EO.jpg/440px-ShrinkingLakeChad-1973-1997-EO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tchad-s%C3%B8en" title="Tchad-søen">Tchad-søen</a> på et satellitfoto fra 2001. Øverst vises forandringerne i perioden <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> – <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Som en arv fra kolonitiden sammenfalder Tchads grænser ikke helt med det, som kunne have været naturlige grænser. Den dominerende geologiske struktur i landet er en større sænkning som afgrænses af bjergkæder som <a href="/wiki/Tibesti" title="Tibesti">Tibesti</a> mod nord, <a href="/wiki/Ennedi" title="Ennedi">Ennedi-bjergene</a> mod nordøst, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ouadda%C3%AF-h%C3%B8jderne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ouaddaï-højderne (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ouaddaï-højderne</a> mod øst og <a href="/wiki/Mandara-bjergene" title="Mandara-bjergene">Mandara-bjergene</a> mod sydvest. Landet er opkaldt efter Tchad-søen, som er resterne af en gigantisk sø, som for 7000 år siden dækkede et areal på 330.000 km² af Tchad-sænkningen.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selv om søen nu kun er på 17.806 km², og overfladearealet gennemgår større variationer med årstiderne,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> er indsøen Afrikas næststørste vådmarksområde.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emi Koussi, en inaktiv vulkan i Tibesti, er med sine 3.414 meter over havet det højeste punkt i Tchad og i Sahara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima_og_landskab">Klima og landskab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Klima og landskab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Klima og landskab"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Den_intertropiske_konvergenszone" title="Den intertropiske konvergenszone">Den intertropiske konvergenszone</a>, passerer hvert år Tchad fra syd til nord. Dette fører en <a href="/wiki/Regntid" title="Regntid">regnperiode</a> med sig, som varer fra maj til oktober mod syd, og fra juni til september i den nordlige del af landet.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variationer i lokal nedbør gør, at der dannes tre større geografiske zoner. Sahara dækker den nordlige tredjedel af landet. Den årlige nedbørmængde, der er under 50 millimeter, og <a href="/wiki/Borkou" title="Borkou">Borkou</a> er det tørreste område i Sahara. Vegetationen i området er lille. Kun spredte klynger med <a href="/wiki/Palme-familien" title="Palme-familien">palmer</a> overlever, de eneste syd for <a href="/wiki/Krebsens_vendekreds" title="Krebsens vendekreds">Krebsens vendekreds</a>. Sahara går over i et sahel-bælte i den centrale del af Tchad, hvor nedbøren varierer fra 300 til 600 mm pr. år. </p><p>Syd i sahelbæltet er der stepper med tornebuske, for det meste <a href="/wiki/Akacie" title="Akacie">akacier</a>, og sahelbæltet går gradvis over i en savanne i den sydlige del af landet. Årlig nedbørsmængde i denne del af landet er over 900 mm årlig.<sup id="cite_ref-UNHCHR_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHCHR-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det høje græs og de udstrakte sumpområder i området er gunstige for <a href="/wiki/Fugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugl">fugle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krybdyr" title="Krybdyr">reptiler</a> og store <a href="/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr">pattedyr</a>. De største floder i Tchad, <a href="/wiki/Chari" title="Chari">Chari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logone" title="Logone">Logone</a> og deres bifloder, flyder gennem savannen fra sydøst og ind i Tchad-søen.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Demografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Tchads_demografi" title="Tchads demografi">Tchads demografi</a></span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chad-demography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Chad-demography.png/250px-Chad-demography.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Chad-demography.png/375px-Chad-demography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Chad-demography.png/500px-Chad-demography.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Befolkningsudvikling 1961-2003 (x1000)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ouaddaian_girl_from_Chad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Ouaddaian_girl_from_Chad.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="197" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="197" /></a><figcaption>En <a href="/wiki/Ouadda%C3%AF" title="Ouaddaï">ouaddaiisk</a> pige.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ifølge estimater fra 2005 havde Tchad en befolkning på 9.826.419,<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hvoraf 25,8% boede i urbane områder og 74,8% i landsbyer.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den forventede levealder er 47,2 år.,<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og befolkningen er derfor ung; anslået 47,3% er under 15 år. <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8dselsrate" title="Fødselsrate">Fødselsraten</a> er estimeret til 42,35 fødsler pr. 1000 personer, dødeligheden er 16,69. <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rned%C3%B8delighed" title="Børnedødelighed">Børnedødeligheden</a> (<i>børn op til 5 år</i>) er 208 pr. 1000 og Tchad har dermed verdens 6. højeste børnedødelighed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tchads befolkning er ujævnt fordelt geografisk. Befolkningstætheden er 0,1 indbyggere pr. km² i Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti-regionen i Sahara, mens den er 52,4 indbyggere pr. km² i <a href="/wiki/Logone_Occidental" title="Logone Occidental">Logone Occidental</a>-regionen. I hovedstaden er den endda højere.<sup id="cite_ref-UNHCHR_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHCHR-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Omkring halvdelen af landets indbyggere bor i den sydligste femtedel af landet, som dermed er den tættest befolkede del af landet.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bylivet er næsten begrænset til hovedstaden, hvor befolkningen for det meste ernærer sig gennem handel. </p><p>Andre store byer i landet er <a href="/wiki/Doba" title="Doba">Doba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moundou" title="Moundou">Moundou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarh" title="Sarh">Sarh</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ab%C3%A9ch%C3%A9" title="Abéché">Abéché</a>, som er mindre urbaniserede, men som vokser hurtigt og slutter sig til hovedstaden som afgørende faktorer for videre økonomisk vækst.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siden 2003 er 230.000 mennesker flygtet fra det krigshærgede Darfur i Sudan til det østlige Tchad. Dette og de 172.000 tchadere<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forflyttet af borgerkrigen i øst, har bidraget til øget spænding blandt befolkningsgrupperne i området.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chadian_delegation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chadian_delegation.jpg/250px-Chadian_delegation.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chadian_delegation.jpg/375px-Chadian_delegation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chadian_delegation.jpg/500px-Chadian_delegation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>En stammedelegation.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Polygami" title="Polygami">Polygami</a> er normalt, og 39% af kvinderne i Tchad lever i sådanne forhold. Det er godkendt i henhold til landets love, som automatisk tillader <a href="/wiki/Polygami" title="Polygami">polygami</a> med mindre parterne angiver det som uacceptabelt ved ægteskabsindgåelsen.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selv om vold mod kvinder er forbudt, er vold i hjemmet normalt. <a href="/wiki/Kvindelig_omsk%C3%A6ring" title="Kvindelig omskæring">Kvindelig omskæring</a> er forbudt, men praksissen er udbredt og dybt rodfæstet i traditioner. 45% af tchadiske kvinder gennemgår indgrebet, de højeste andele finder man blandt <a href="/wiki/Araber" class="mw-redirect" title="Araber">arabere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadjarai" title="Hadjarai">hadjaraiere</a> og ouaddaiere (90% eller mere). Lavere procentandele finder man blandt <a href="/wiki/Sara_(folk)" title="Sara (folk)">saraer</a> (38%) og <a href="/wiki/Toubou" title="Toubou">toubouer</a> (2%). </p><p>Kvinder har ikke samme muligheder for uddannelse som mænd, noget som gør det vanskeligt for dem at kunne konkurrere om de relativt få arbejdspladser, som bliver udbudt. Selv om ejendomsret og arveret, som i Tchad er baseret på fransk lovgivning, ikke diskriminerer kvinder, afgør de fleste lokale ledere arvetvister til fordel for mænd, i henhold til traditionel praksis.<sup id="cite_ref-HRP_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tchad har mere end 200 forskellige etniske grupper<sup id="cite_ref-BGN_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som skaber forskellige sociale strukturer. Kolonialadministrationen og styremagter i det uafhængige Tchad har forsøgt at skabe et nationalt sammenhold, men for de fleste tchadere bliver den lokale eller regionale tilhørighed den vigtigste udenfor nærmeste familie. Tchads befolkning kan imidlertid klassificeres efter de geografiske områder, hvor de bor. I syd bor fastboende folk, som saraerne, Tchads største etniske gruppe, hvis vigtigste tilhørsforhold er deres herkomst. I sahel-bæltet lever fastboende side om side med nomader, som araberne, som er landets næststørste etniske gruppe. Nord er beboet af nomader, for det meste toubouer.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Collelo_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collelo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sprog">Sprog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Sprog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sprog"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landets officielle sprog er <a href="/wiki/Fransk_(sprog)" title="Fransk (sprog)">fransk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Arabisk_(sprog)" title="Arabisk (sprog)">arabisk</a>, men der tales over 100 sprog og dialekter. På grund af den indflydelse omrejsende og fastboende arabiske handelsmænd har haft for lokalsamfund i Tchad, har <a href="/wiki/Tchadisk_arabisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tchadisk arabisk">tchadisk arabisk</a> været et <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">Lingua franca</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Collelo_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collelo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Religion"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Church_in_Fort_Lamy,_Chad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Church_in_Fort_Lamy%2C_Chad.jpg/150px-Church_in_Fort_Lamy%2C_Chad.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Church_in_Fort_Lamy%2C_Chad.jpg/225px-Church_in_Fort_Lamy%2C_Chad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Church_in_Fort_Lamy%2C_Chad.jpg/300px-Church_in_Fort_Lamy%2C_Chad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1740" /></a><figcaption>En kirke i <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ifølge en folketælling fra <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> var 54% af tchaderne muslimer, 20% <a href="/wiki/Romerskkatolske_kirke" title="Romerskkatolske kirke">katolikker</a>, 14% <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestanter</a>, 10% <a href="/wiki/Animisme" title="Animisme">animister</a> og 3% <a href="/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme">ateister</a>. Ingen af disse religiøse traditioner er monolitiske. Animisme inkluderer en række varianter af dyrkning af forfædre og steder, med højst specifik udøvelse. Islam udøves, til trods for ortodokse trosopfattelser og <a href="/wiki/Ceremoni" title="Ceremoni">ceremonier</a>, på en række forskellige måder. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">Kristendommen</a> ankom til Tchad med franskmændene, og som tchadisk islam er den til dels <a href="/wiki/Synkretisme" title="Synkretisme">synkretistisk</a> og har antaget dele af førkristne trosopfattelser.<sup id="cite_ref-Collelo_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collelo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslimerne er hovedsagelig koncentreret i det nordlige og østlige Tchad, mens animister og kristne først og fremmest holder til i det sydlige Tchad og i <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ra" title="Guéra">Guéra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landets grundlov sørger for en sekulær stat og garanterer religionsfrihed. Forskellige religioner eksisterer side om side i Tchad uden problemer.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Folketællingen giver en væsentlig større procentdel katolikker end hvad den katolske kirke selv regner med (11% i 2005).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andelen har været stigende. Forskellen kan tildels skyldes, at folk som er tiltrukket af kristendommen opgiver sig som katolikker uden at de i kirkelig forstand regnes som det. Den katolske kirkes tyngdepunkt er syd i landet, hvor bispedømmerne med størst befolkningsandel katolikker er <a href="/wiki/Moundou" title="Moundou">Moundou</a> (34%) og <a href="/wiki/Gor%C3%A9" title="Goré">Goré</a> (25%).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Historie"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Tchads_historie" title="Tchads historie">Tchads historie</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rabih_az-Zubayr,_severed_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Rabih_az-Zubayr%2C_severed_head.jpg/150px-Rabih_az-Zubayr%2C_severed_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Rabih_az-Zubayr%2C_severed_head.jpg/225px-Rabih_az-Zubayr%2C_severed_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Rabih_az-Zubayr%2C_severed_head.jpg/300px-Rabih_az-Zubayr%2C_severed_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="1015" /></a><figcaption>Ved at besejre og dræbe <a href="/wiki/Rabih_az-Zubayr" title="Rabih az-Zubayr">Rabih az-Zubayr</a> <a href="/wiki/22._april" title="22. april">22. april</a> <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Kouss%C3%A9ri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved Kousséri (ikke skrevet endnu)">slaget ved Kousséri</a>, fjernede <a href="/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig">Frankrig</a> en større hindring for dets kolonialisering af Tchad.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forhistorie">Forhistorie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Forhistorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Forhistorie"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under det <a href="/wiki/7._%C3%A5rtusinde_f.Kr." title="7. årtusinde f.Kr.">syvende årtusind f.Kr.</a> var de økologiske forhold i den nordlige halvdel af Tchad gunstige for bosætning, og regionen oplevede en kraftig vækst i befolkningen. Nogle af de vigtigste <a href="/wiki/Ark%C3%A6ologi" title="Arkæologi">arkæologiske</a> fundsteder i Afrika findes i Tchad, først og fremmest i <a href="/wiki/Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti" title="Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti">Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti-regionen</a>. Nogle af fundstederne er fra før 2000 f.Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Collelo_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collelo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tchad-sænkningen har i over 2000 år været et landbrugssamfund med faste bosættelser. Området blev mødested for forskellige civilisationer, hvor den første af disse var den legendariske <a href="/wiki/Sao_(civilisation)" title="Sao (civilisation)">Sao</a>, kendt gennem kunstgenstande og <a href="/wiki/Mundtlig_overlevering" title="Mundtlig overlevering">mundtlige overleveringer</a>. </p><p>Sao faldt under <a href="/wiki/Kanem-riget" title="Kanem-riget">Kanem-riget</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> det første og mest langvarige af de riger, der har været i Tchads sahelbælte frem til slutningen af det første årtusinde f.Kr. Både Kanem og dets efterfølgende riger baserede sin magt på kontrol over de transsahariske handelsruter, som passerede gennem området.<sup id="cite_ref-Collelo_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collelo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse lande, som var <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">muslimske</a>, søgte aldrig at udøve sin magt over de sydlige områder, med undtagelse af togter efter slaver.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I <a href="/wiki/Middelalderen" title="Middelalderen">middelalderen</a> var Tchad et mødested for muslimske handelsfolk og mange <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">subsahariske</a> stammer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frankrigs_invasion">Frankrigs invasion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Frankrigs invasion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Frankrigs invasion"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig">Frankrig</a> invaderede Tchad i <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>, og udvidelsen af den franske kolonimagt førte til at <i>Territoire Militaire des Pays et Protectorats du Tchad</i> blev dannet i <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>. I <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> havde Frankrig sikret sig fuld kontrol over det område, som blev <a href="/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni">kolonien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det franske styre i Tchad var kendetegnet af en politik, som var fraværende i forhold til forening af området, og af langsom modernisering. </p><p>Franskmændene så primært Tchad som en mindre vigtig kilde til ufaglærte arbejdere og ubearbejdet <a href="/wiki/Bomuld" title="Bomuld">bomuld</a>. Frankrig indførte storskala bomuldsproduktion i <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>. Kolonialadministrationen i Tchad var kritisk underbemandet, og måtte belave sig på brug af mindre attraktive arbejdere fra den franske statsadministration. Den franske tilstedeværelse var minimal i den nordlige og østlige del af kolonien, kun i syd blev der udøvet et effektivt styre, en negligering, som ramte uddannelsessystemet.<sup id="cite_ref-Collelo_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collelo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg/150px-Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg/225px-Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg/300px-Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3286" data-file-height="2836" /></a><figcaption>Under <a href="/wiki/2._verdenskrig" title="2. verdenskrig">2. verdenskrig</a> kæmpede 15.000 tchadiske soldater for de <a href="/wiki/Frie_franske_styrker" title="Frie franske styrker">frie franske styrker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Efter <a href="/wiki/2._verdenskrig" title="2. verdenskrig">2. verdenskrig</a> gav Frankrig Tchad status som <i>territoire d'outre mer</i>, og dets indbyggere fik ret til at vælge repræsentanter til <a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_Nationale" title="Assemblée Nationale">Frankrigs nationalforsamling</a> og en <a href="/wiki/Tchads_nationalforsamling" title="Tchads nationalforsamling">tchadisk nationalforsamling</a>. Det største politiske parti var <i><a href="/wiki/Parti_Progressiste_Tchadien" title="Parti Progressiste Tchadien">Parti Progressiste Tchadien</a></i> (PPT), med base i den sydlige del af kolonien. </p><p>Tchad opnåede selvstændighed <a href="/wiki/11._august" title="11. august">11. august</a> <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> med PPT's leder François Tombalbaye som landets første <a href="/wiki/Tchads_statsoverhoveder" title="Tchads statsoverhoveder">præsident</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Collelo_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collelo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efter_selvstændigheden"><span id="Efter_selvst.C3.A6ndigheden"></span>Efter selvstændigheden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Efter selvstændigheden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Efter selvstændigheden"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To år senere forbød Tombalbaye oppositionspartier og dannede en <a href="/wiki/Etpartistat" title="Etpartistat">etpartistat</a>. Tombalbayes <a href="/wiki/Enev%C3%A6lde" title="Enevælde">autokratiske</a> styre førte til øget spænding mellem forskellige etniske grupper, hvilket kulminerede i 1965 da landet blev kastet ud i borgerkrig. Tombalaye blev styrtet og dræbt i 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men oprøret fortsatte. I 1979 erobrede oprørerne hovedstaden, og centralstyret i landet kollapsede. </p><p>Væbnede grupper, hvoraf mange fra den nordlige del af landet, kæmpede om magten.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opløsningen i Tchads styre førte til at Frankrigs stilling i landet kollapsede. <a href="/wiki/Libyen" title="Libyen">Libyen</a> invaderede Tchad for at fylde det magtvakuum, der var opstået, og blev involveret i borgerkrigen.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Invasionen endte katastrofalt for Libyen i 1987, da den franskstøttede præsident Hissène Habré, med et forenet Tchad i ryggen,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> drev Libyens hær ud af Tchad.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Habré konsoliderede sit diktatur gennem et magtsystem baseret på korruption og vold, og anslået 40.000 mennesker blev dræbt under hans styre.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Præsidenten favoriserede sin egen etniske gruppe <a href="/wiki/Daza" title="Daza">dazaerne</a>, og diskriminerede <a href="/wiki/Zaghawa" title="Zaghawa">zaghawaerne</a>, som var hans tidligere allierede. I 1990 blev han styrtet af sin general Idriss Déby.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Déby forsøgte at forsone oprørsgrupper, og genindførte flerpartisystemet. Befolkningen godkendte en ny <a href="/wiki/Forfatning" title="Forfatning">forfatning</a> ved en folkeafstemning i 1996 og samme år vandt Déby med lethed et præsidentvalg med flere kandidater. Fem år senere blev han genvalgt for en ny periode på fem år.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 2003 begyndte Tchad olieudvinding med håb om at landet endeligt skulle kunne opnå fred og velstand. I stedet førte øgede interne modsætninger til udbruddet af en ny borgerkrig. </p><p>Déby gennemførte en ensidig ændring af grundloven for at afskaffe begrænsningen på maksimalt to mandatperioder, hvilket førte til uro blandt de oppositionspartierne og samfundet i øvrigt.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 2006 blev Déby genvalgt i en tredje periode ved et valg, som blev boykottet af oppositionen. Etnisk motiveret vold er de seneste år øget i det østlige Tchad, og <a href="/wiki/FN%27s_Flygtningeh%C3%B8jkommissariat" title="FN's Flygtningehøjkommissariat">FN's Flygtningehøjkommissariat</a> har udtrykt bekymring for, at et <a href="/wiki/Folkedrab" title="Folkedrab">folkedrab</a> som <a href="/wiki/Darfur-konflikten" title="Darfur-konflikten">det i Darfur</a> kan bryde ud i Tchad.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 2006 og <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a> forsøgte oprørere at erobre hovedstaden, men forsøget mislykkedes begge gange.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Déby blev dræbt under et besøg hos soldater, der bekæmpede oprørere. Han sad ved magten i mere end 30 år. Efter hans død blev regeringen og parlamentet opløst, og landets ledelse blev overtaget af et militærråd.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: Politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Politik"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Tchads_politik" title="Tchads politik">Tchads politik</a></span></span></div> <p>Tchads grundlov giver den udøvende magt en stærk stilling, ledet af en præsident, som dominerer det politiske system. Præsidenten har myndighed til at udnævne <a href="/wiki/Tchads_premierministre" title="Tchads premierministre">premierminister</a> og regering, og har en betydelig indflydelse på udnævnelser af dommere, generaler, provinsembedsmænd og ledere af statskontrollerede selskaber. Ved tilfælde af alvorlige og umiddelbare trusler kan præsidenten, i samråd med nationalforsamlingen, erklære <a href="/wiki/Undtagelsestilstand" title="Undtagelsestilstand">undtagelsestilstand</a>. Præsidenten bliver valgt af folket gennem direkte valg for en femårig mandatperiode. I 2005 blev den grundlovsbestemte begrænsning på maksimalt to mandatperioder ophævet.<sup id="cite_ref-Term2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Term2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float: left;"> <caption><b>Internationale medlemskaber</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size: smaller;">Organisation </th> <th style="font-size: smaller;">Medlem siden </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FN" class="mw-redirect" title="FN">Forenede Nationer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/20._september" title="20. september">20. september</a> <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afrikanske_Union" title="Afrikanske Union">Den afrikanske union</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/25._maj" title="25. maj">25. maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Islamic_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of the Islamic Conference">Organization of the Islamic Conference</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Francophonie" title="La Francophonie">La Francophonie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sammenslutningen_af_stater_i_Sahel-Sahara" title="Sammenslutningen af stater i Sahel-Sahara">Sammenslutningen af stater i Sahel-Sahara</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4._februar" title="4. februar">4. februar</a> <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>De fleste af Débys nøglelrådgivere er fra den etniske gruppe zaghawa, men personer fra den sydlige del af landet og fra oppositionen er også repræsenterede i regeringen.<sup id="cite_ref-BGN_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNPACP_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNPACP-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Korruption" title="Korruption">Korruption</a> er udbredt på alle niveauer i samfundet. <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency Internationals</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International_Corruption_Perceptions_Index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index (ikke skrevet endnu)">korruptionsindeks</a> for 2005 udpegede Tchad som verdens mest korrupte land,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> med en marginal forbedring i de følgende år.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 2007 havde landet ifølge indekset en score på 1,8 på en skala fra en til ti (hvor ti er mindst korrupt). Kun <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Usbekistan" title="Usbekistan">Usbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Myanmar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> havde en lavere score.<sup id="cite_ref-trans_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trans-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kritikere af præsident Déby har beskyldt ham for <a href="/wiki/Diskrimination" title="Diskrimination">diskrimination</a> og favorisering af personer med samme etniske baggrund.<sup id="cite_ref-tribe_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribe-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tchads retssystem er baseret på det franske retssystem, med tchadisk <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6dvaneret" title="Sædvaneret">sædvaneret</a> der hvor den ikke forstyrrer almen orden eller kommer i konflikt med grundlovens bestemmelser. Til trods for grundlovens garanti for et uafhængigt retssystem udnævnes indehaverne af de fleste vigtige poster indenfor retssystemet af præsidenten. Landets højeste retslige instanser, højesteret og forfatningsrådet, har været fungerende siden 2000. Højesteret består af en hoveddommer udnævnt af præsidenten, samt 15 andre medlemmer som udnævnes på livstid af præsidenten og nationalforsamlingen. Forfatningsrådet består af ni dommere, som udnævnes til niårige terminer. Forfatningsrådet er bemyndiget til at gennemgå love, traktater og internationale aftaler før de vedtages.<sup id="cite_ref-UNPACP_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNPACP-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BGN_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nationalforsamlingen står for lovgivningen. Den består af 155 medlemmer, som bliver valgt hvert fjerde år. Nationalforsamlingen holder fast to møder om året, og kan holde ekstraordinære møder, når den bliver indkaldt af statsministeren. Medlemmerne vælger hvert andet år en præsident for nationalforsamlingen (må ikke forveksles med landets præsident). Nationalforsamlingens præsident kan underskrive eller afvise nystiftede love inden for 15 dage. Nationalforsamlingen godkender statsministerens regeringsprogram, eller kan tvinge statsministeren til at gå af gennem mistillidsforslag. Dersom nationalforsamlingen forkaster regeringens program to gange på et år kan præsidenten imidlertid opløse forsamlingen og udløse nyvalg. I praksis har præsidenten stor indflydelse på nationalforsamlingen gennem sit parti <i>Mouvement patriotique du Salut</i> (MPS), som har de fleste pladser i nationalforsamlingen.<sup id="cite_ref-BGN_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indtil legaliseringen af oppositionspartier i 1992 var Débys MPS det eneste lovlige parti i Tchad.<sup id="cite_ref-BGN_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siden da har 78 politiske partier været registreret som aktive.<sup id="cite_ref-HRP_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 2005 støttede menneskerettighedsorganisationer og oppositionspartier en boykot af folkeafstemningen, som gav Déby ret til at stille til genvalg i en tredje periode,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et valg som pågik, mens der blev rapporteret om uregelmæssigheder i stemmeregistreringen og regeringsstyret censur af uafhængige medier.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Korrespondenter anså præsidentvalget i 2006 som en ren formalitet, da oppositionen anså valget som en farce og boykottede det.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Déby møder væbnet modstand fra grupper, som er dybt splittet af modsætninger lederne imellem, men som er forenede i sit mål om at styrte ham.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse styrker stormede hovedstaden <a href="/wiki/13._april" title="13. april">13. april</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>, men blev til sidst drevet tilbage. Frankrig er det land, som har størst indflydelse på Tchad, med 1000 soldater i landet. Déby stoler på fransk hjælp for at holde rebellerne tilbage, og Frankrig bidrager med logistik og efterretning til den tchadiske hær af frygt for at stabiliteten i regionen skal kollapse fuldstændigt.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De fransk-tchadiske forbindelser blev imidlertid forringet, da tildelingen af borerettighederne for olie blev tildelt det amerikanske selskab <a href="/wiki/Exxon_Mobil" title="Exxon Mobil">Exxon</a> i 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrativ_inddeling">Administrativ inddeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigér afsnit: Administrativ inddeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Administrativ inddeling"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikler: <a href="/wiki/Tchads_regioner" title="Tchads regioner">Tchads regioner</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tchads_departementer" title="Tchads departementer">Tchads departementer</a></span></span></div> <p>Tchad er siden februar 2008 inddelt i <a href="/wiki/Tchads_regioner" title="Tchads regioner">22 regioner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-circonscritions_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-circonscritions-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette system blev indført i 2003 som et led i en decentraliseringsproces, da regeringen afskaffede de tidligere 14 præfekturer. Hver region bliver ledet af en guvernør udnævnt af præsidenten. Inden for regionerne er der <a href="/wiki/Tchads_departementer" title="Tchads departementer">61 departementer</a>, som bliver administreret af præfekter. Departementerne er tilsammen inddelt i 200 underpræfekturer, som igen er sat sammen af 446 kantoner.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er planlagt at erstatte kantonerne med <i>communautés rurales</i>, men det juridiske og planmæssige rammeværk er endnu ikke på plads.<sup id="cite_ref-worldbank_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldbank-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Decentraliseret styre er grundlovsbestemt, så lokalbefolkningen kan spille en aktiv rolle i sin egen udvikling.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hver administrativt niveau under staten skal styres af lokale, folkevalgte forsamlinger.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indtil nu har der ikke været gennemført lokalvalg i Tchad,<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og kommunevalgene, som var planlagt gennemført i 2005 er stadigt udsat.<sup id="cite_ref-HRP_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regionerne er:<sup id="cite_ref-circonscritions_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-circonscritions-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><ol> <li> <a href="/wiki/Barh_El_Gazel" title="Barh El Gazel">Barh El Gazel</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Batha" title="Batha">Batha</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Borkou" title="Borkou">Borkou</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Chari-Baguirmi" title="Chari-Baguirmi">Chari-Baguirmi</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Ennedi" title="Ennedi">Ennedi</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ra" title="Guéra">Guéra</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Hadjer-Lamis" title="Hadjer-Lamis">Hadjer-Lamis</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Kanem" title="Kanem">Kanem</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Lac" title="Lac">Lac</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Logone_Occidental" title="Logone Occidental">Logone Occidental</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Logone_Oriental" title="Logone Oriental">Logone Oriental</a></li></ol> </td> <td><ol start="12"> <li> <a href="/wiki/Mandoul" title="Mandoul">Mandoul</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Mayo-Kebbi_Est" title="Mayo-Kebbi Est">Mayo-Kebbi Est</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Mayo-Kebbi_Ouest" title="Mayo-Kebbi Ouest">Mayo-Kebbi Ouest</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Moyen-Chari" title="Moyen-Chari">Moyen-Chari</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Ouadda%C3%AF" title="Ouaddaï">Ouaddaï</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Salamat" title="Salamat">Salamat</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Sila_(Tchad)" title="Sila (Tchad)">Sila</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Tandjil%C3%A9" title="Tandjilé">Tandjilé</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Tibesti_(region)" title="Tibesti (region)">Tibesti</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Fira" title="Wadi Fira">Wadi Fira</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a></li> </ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Økonomi"><span id=".C3.98konomi"></span>Økonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigér afsnit: Økonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Økonomi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Maternity_Ward_Chad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Maternity_Ward_Chad.jpg/220px-Maternity_Ward_Chad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Maternity_Ward_Chad.jpg/330px-Maternity_Ward_Chad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Maternity_Ward_Chad.jpg/440px-Maternity_Ward_Chad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>En tchadisk fødestue. Til trods for forbedringer er Tchads infrastruktur betydeligt mindre udviklet end dets naboer mod nord.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rebuilt_bridge_on_Bragoto_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Rebuilt_bridge_on_Bragoto_River.jpg/220px-Rebuilt_bridge_on_Bragoto_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Rebuilt_bridge_on_Bragoto_River.jpg/330px-Rebuilt_bridge_on_Bragoto_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Rebuilt_bridge_on_Bragoto_River.jpg/440px-Rebuilt_bridge_on_Bragoto_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>En bro over <a href="/wiki/Bragoto" title="Bragoto">Bragoto-floden</a>.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="float: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Økonomiske nøgletal </th> <th>Værdi </th> <th>% af BNP </th> <th>År, kilde </th></tr> <tr> <td>BNP </td> <td>6,64 mia. US$ </td> <td> </td> <td>2006, <i>UN Statistics</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>BNP (vækst) (Verdensbanken) </td> <td>2,9 % </td> <td> </td> <td>2006, <i>UN Statistics</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>BNP pr. indbygger </td> <td>634 US$ </td> <td> </td> <td>2006, <i>UN Statistics</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Industriproduktion </td> <td>17,7 % </td> <td> </td> <td>2006, <i>UN Statistics</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Konsumpriser (vækst) </td> <td>10,0 % </td> <td> </td> <td>2006, <i>UN Statistics</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arbejdsløshed </td> <td>1,0 % </td> <td> </td> <td>1993, <i>UN Statistics</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Handelsbalance (overskud) </td> <td>1,9 mia. US$ </td> <td>28,6 % </td> <td>2006, <i>UN Statistics</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Betalingsbalance </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Udviklingshjælp </td> <td>0,38 mia. US$ </td> <td>5,7 % </td> <td>2005, <i>UNDP</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/FN" class="mw-redirect" title="FN">De Forenede Nationer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> rangerer Tchad som det femtefattigste land i verden, med 80% af befolkningen under fattigdomsgrænsen. <a href="/wiki/Bruttonationalprodukt" title="Bruttonationalprodukt">BNP</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8bekraftsparitet" title="Købekraftsparitet">KKP</a>) pr. indbygger var i 2005 beregnet til 1500 <a href="/wiki/Amerikanske_dollar" title="Amerikanske dollar">US$</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tchad er medlem af <a href="/wiki/Centralbanken_for_de_centralafrikanske_stater" title="Centralbanken for de centralafrikanske stater">Centralbanken for de centralafrikanske stater</a> (BEAC) og <a href="/wiki/Den_centralafrikanske_%C3%B8konomiske_og_monet%C3%A6re_union" title="Den centralafrikanske økonomiske og monetære union">Den centralafrikanske økonomiske og monetære union</a> (CEMAC).<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Landets valuta er <a href="/wiki/CFA_franc" class="mw-redirect" title="CFA franc">CFA franc</a>, som også bliver benyttet af andre vest- og centralafrikanske lande. År med borgerkrig har skræmt de fleste udenlandske investorer væk og dem som forlod landet i perioden 1979 til 1982 er først for nylig begyndt at genvinde tillid til landets fremtid. Siden 2000 er der blevet foretaget større udenlandske investeringer i oliesektoren, noget, som har givet store forhåbninger til landets økonomiske vækstmuligheder.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BGN_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landbrug">Landbrug</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigér afsnit: Landbrug" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Landbrug"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over 80% af Tchads befolkning er afhængig af landbrug og opdræt af <a href="/wiki/Kreatur" title="Kreatur">kreaturer</a> for at overleve.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fordelingen af plante- og kvægavl afhænger af det lokale klima. De mest frugtbare områder ligger i de sydligste 10% af landet, hvor der dyrkes store mængder <a href="/wiki/Durra" title="Durra">durra</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hirse" title="Hirse">hirse</a>. I sahel-bæltet er det kun de mere hårdføre varianter af hirse, som dyrkes, og da med dårligere udbytte end i syd. Derudover er sahel-bæltet ideelt <a href="/wiki/Overdrev" title="Overdrev">overdrevsland</a> for kommerciel drift med store flokke kreaturer og for husdyrhold af <a href="/wiki/Ged" title="Ged">geder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bighornf%C3%A5r" class="mw-redirect" title="Bighornfår">bighornfår</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sel" title="Æsel">æsler</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hest" title="Hest">heste</a>. Fra de spredte <a href="/wiki/Oase" title="Oase">oaser</a> i Sahara får man, om end i mindre mængder, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86gte_Daddelpalme" class="mw-redirect" title="Ægte Daddelpalme">dadler</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%86rteblomst-familien" title="Ærteblomst-familien">bælgfrugter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Collelo_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collelo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industri">Industri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigér afsnit: Industri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Industri"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Før olieindustrien blev udviklet i landet, var bomuldsindustri, og arbejdsmarkedet knyttet til denne sektor, ledende, og stod for anslået 80% af eksportindtægterne.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bomuld er fortsat en af de vigtigste eksportartikler, de eksakte tal er ikke tilgængelige. Rehabiliteringen af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cotontchad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cotontchad (ikke skrevet endnu)">Cotontchad</a>, et stort selskab, som er ramt af prisfald for bomuld i verdensmarkedet, har været finansieret af Frankrig, <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Den_Europ%C3%A6iske_Union" title="Den Europæiske Union">EU</a> og <a href="/wiki/Verdensbanken" title="Verdensbanken">Verdensbanken</a> (IBRD). Den statsligt ejede del af selskabet forventes at blive privatiseret.<sup id="cite_ref-BGN_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Exxon_Mobil" title="Exxon Mobil">ExxonMobil</a> er leder af et <a href="/wiki/Konsortium" title="Konsortium">konsortium</a>, der også inkluderer <a href="/wiki/Chevron" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevron">Chevron</a> og <a href="/wiki/Petronas" title="Petronas">Petronas</a>, som har investeret 3,7 milliarder dollar i udvindingen af formodentligt opmod en milliard tønder olie i den sydlige del af landet. Olieproduktionen startede i 2003 med færdiggørelsen af en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8rledning" title="Rørledning">olierørledning</a>, delfinansieret af <a href="/wiki/Verdensbanken" title="Verdensbanken">Verdensbanken</a>, med forbindelse fra oliefelterne syd i landet til terminaler langs Camerouns <a href="/wiki/Atlanterhavet" title="Atlanterhavet">atlanterhavskyst</a>. Som en betingelse for sin bistand krævede verdensbanken at 80% af indtægterne fra olieudvindingen skulle bruges på udviklingsprojekter. Låneprogrammet blev suspenderet i januar 2006, da den tchadiske regering besluttede at reducere denne andel.<sup id="cite_ref-BGN_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OECD_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/14._juli" title="14. juli">14. juli</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> undertegnede Verdensbanken og Tchad en erklæring, hvor Tchads regering forpligter sig til at øremærke 70% af sit forbrug på programmer for fattigdomsbekæmpelse.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastruktur">Infrastruktur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigér afsnit: Infrastruktur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Infrastruktur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mao_Women.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mao_Women.jpg/220px-Mao_Women.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mao_Women.jpg/330px-Mao_Women.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mao_Women.jpg/440px-Mao_Women.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Kvinder i <a href="/wiki/Mao_(Tchad)" title="Mao (Tchad)">Mao</a>, hvor der er tilgang til vand fra et <a href="/wiki/Vandt%C3%A5rn" title="Vandtårn">vandtårn</a>. Tilgang til rent vand er ofte et problem i Tchad.</figcaption></figure> <p>Borgerkrigen lammede udviklingen af transportinfrastrukturen i landet. I 1987 havde Tchad kun 30 km asfalterede veje. Senere projekter har dog forbedret vejnettet<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> så det omfattede 550 km i 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vejnetværket har imidlertid fortsat begrænsninger, og vejene er fortsat ubrugelige flere måneder om året. Fordi landet ikke har eget jernbanenet til havet er Tchad meget afhængig af Camerouns jernbane til <a href="/wiki/Atlanterhavet" title="Atlanterhavet">Atlanterhavet</a>, for eksport og import af varer til og fra havnen i <a href="/wiki/Douala" title="Douala">Douala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> N'Djamena har en <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena_internationale_lufthavn" title="N'Djamena internationale lufthavn">international lufthavn</a> med direkte ruter til <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> og flere afrikanske byer. </p><p>Landets <a href="/wiki/Telekommunikation" title="Telekommunikation">telekommunikation</a>, med det statslige <a href="/w/index.php?title=SotelTchad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SotelTchad (ikke skrevet endnu)">SotelTchad</a> som udbyder af fasttelefoni, er ikke særligt udviklet og meget dyrt. Der er kun 14.000 fastnet telefonlinjer i Tchad, hvilket giver landet en af de laveste tætheder for telefoner i verden. Tchads energisektor har lidt af mange års dårlig ledelse af det statslige vand- og energiselskab (STEE), som sørger for strøm til 15% af hovedstadens indbyggere, og som kun forsyner 1,5% af landets indbyggere med elektricitet.<sup id="cite_ref-CCG_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCG-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De fleste tchadere brænder biomasse som <a href="/wiki/Ved" class="mw-redirect" title="Ved">ved</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B8dsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gødsel (ikke skrevet endnu)">gødsel</a> for at producere energi.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byerne i Tchad står overfor store udfordringer når det gælder kommunal infrastruktur. Kun 48% af indbyggerne i byerne har tilgang til drikkevand, og kun 2% har tilgang til grundlæggende sanitære forhold.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-worldbank_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldbank-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Landets tv-seere er begrænset til N'Djamena. Den eneste tv-station er det statsejede TeleTchad. Radio har større rækkevidde, og der eksisterer 13 private radiostationer. Aviser er begrænset i mængde og udbredelse, og oplagstallene er små på grund af transportomkostningerne, og en stor procentdel analfabeter og endelig også pga indbyggernes begrænsede købekraft.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EIA_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tchads grundlov forsvarer <a href="/wiki/Ytringsfrihed" title="Ytringsfrihed">ytringsfrihed</a>, men landets regering har jævnlig begrænset denne rettighed, og i slutningen af 2006 blev der indført et system for forhåndscensur af medierne.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Udenrigshandel">Udenrigshandel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigér afsnit: Udenrigshandel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Udenrigshandel"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 2006 gik hovedparten af landets eksport til nabolandene Cameroun og Nigeria og Frankrig, <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> og <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indtil produktionen af <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5olie" title="Råolie">råolie</a> begyndte i <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>, spillede bomuld den dominerende rolle, og stod for 40% af den totale eksport i 1999. Den anden hovedeksport er dyr: <a href="/wiki/Tamkv%C3%A6g" title="Tamkvæg">kvæg</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A5r" title="Får">får</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ged" title="Ged">geder</a> og blandt ikke-muslimer: <a href="/wiki/Svin" class="mw-redirect" title="Svin">svin</a>, som sælges til nabolandene. I 2006 importerede landet hovedsageligt varer fra <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkerepublikken Kina">Kina</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sydkorea" title="Sydkorea">Sydkorea</a>, som primært bestod af maskiner og køretøjer, mad og tekstiler.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uddannelse">Uddannelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigér afsnit: Uddannelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Uddannelse"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uddannelsessektoren i Tchad møder betydelige udfordringer på grund af befolkningsspredningen og også til en vis grad på grund af forældres modvilje mod at sende deres børn i skole. Til trods for at skolegang er obligatorisk, fortsætter blot 68% af drengene efter de første få år, og over halvdelen af befolkningen er <a href="/wiki/Analfabetisme" title="Analfabetisme">analfabeter</a>. Højere uddannelse findes på <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_N%27Djamena" title="Universitetet i N'Djamena">Universitetet i N'Djamena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BGN_19-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultur">Kultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigér afsnit: Kultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Kultur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tailor_in_Chad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tailor_in_Chad.jpg/220px-Tailor_in_Chad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tailor_in_Chad.jpg/330px-Tailor_in_Chad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Tailor_in_Chad.jpg/440px-Tailor_in_Chad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>En tchadisk skrædder sælger traditionelle dragter.</figcaption></figure> <p>På grund af sin store mangfoldighed af folk og sprog har Tchad en rig kulturarv. Den tchadiske regering har aktivt fremmet tchadisk kultur og nationale traditioner gennem åbningen af <a href="/wiki/Tchads_nationale_museum" title="Tchads nationale museum">Tchads nationale museum</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tchadisk_kulturcenter" title="Tchadisk kulturcenter">Tchadisk kulturcenter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seks nationale helligdage fejres gennem året, og de bevægelige helligdage inkluderer den kristne helligdag anden <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A5skedag" title="Påskedag">påskedag</a> og de muslimske helligdage <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr" title="Eid ul-Fitr">Eid ul-Fitr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Adha" title="Eid ul-Adha">Eid ul-Adha</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Milad al-Nabi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CCG_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCG-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float: left;"> <caption><b>Helligdage</b><sup id="cite_ref-CCG_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCG-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size: smaller;">Dato </th> <th style="font-size: smaller;">Dansk navn </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1._januar" title="1. januar">1. januar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nyt%C3%A5rsdag" title="Nytårsdag">Første nytårsdag</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1._maj" title="1. maj">1. maj</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arbejdernes_internationale_kampdag" title="Arbejdernes internationale kampdag">Arbejdernes dag</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/25._maj" title="25. maj">25. maj</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Den_afrikanske_befrielsesdag" title="Den afrikanske befrielsesdag">Den afrikanske befrielsesdag</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11._august" title="11. august">11. august</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uafh%C3%A6ngighedsdag" title="Uafhængighedsdag">Uafhængighedsdagen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1._november" title="1. november">1. november</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allehelgensaften" title="Allehelgensaften">Allehelgensdag</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/28._november" title="28. november">28. november</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republikkens_dag" title="Republikkens dag">Republikkens dag</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1._december" title="1. december">1. december</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Friheds-_og_demokratidagen" title="Friheds- og demokratidagen">Friheds- og demokratidagen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/25._december" title="25. december">25. december</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jul" title="Jul">Jul</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musik">Musik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redigér afsnit: Musik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Musik"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Når det gælder musik, så spiller tchadere musikinstrumenter som <i>kinde</i>, som er en slags bueharpe, <i><a href="/wiki/Kakaki" title="Kakaki">kakaki</a></i>, som er et langt horn af metal og <i>hu hu</i>, et strengeinstrument som bruger <a href="/wiki/Flaskegr%C3%A6skar" title="Flaskegræskar">flaskegræskar</a> som højttalere. Andre musikinstrumenter og kombinationer af dem er mere knyttet til bestemte etniske grupper. Saraerne foretrækker fløjter, <a href="/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon">balafoner</a>, harper og <i>kodjo</i>-trommer, og <a href="/wiki/Kanembu" title="Kanembu">kanembuerne</a> kombinerer lydene fra trommer med lyder fra fløjtelignende instrumenter.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Musikgruppen <a href="/wiki/Chari_Jazz" title="Chari Jazz">Chari Jazz</a> blev dannet i 1964 og var starten for moderne musiks indtræden i Tchad. Senere har mere kendte grupper, som <a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Melody&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African Melody (ikke skrevet endnu)">African Melody</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Challal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Challal (ikke skrevet endnu)">International Challal</a> forsøgt at kombinere det moderne med det traditionelle. Populære grupper som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibesti_(gruppe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibesti (gruppe) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Tibesti</a> har videreført sin kulturelle arv ved at bygge sin musik på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sai_(musik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sai (musik) (ikke skrevet endnu)">sai</a>, en traditionel type musik fra det sydlige Tchad. </p><p>Tchadere har normalt ikke værdsat moderne musik, men i <a href="/wiki/1990%27erne" title="1990'erne">1990'erne</a> førte øget interesse til udvikling og produktion af <a href="/wiki/Cd" title="Cd">Cd</a>'er og <a href="/wiki/Kassetteb%C3%A5nd" title="Kassettebånd">musikkassetter</a> med tchadiske artister. Piratkopiering og manglende ophavsretslig beskyttelse for artisterne udgør problemer for en videre udvikling af musikindustrien i Tchad.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Som for andre lande i sahel-regionen har litteraturen i Tchad lidt under en økonomi, politik og en åndelig tørke, som har påvirket dets mest kendte forfattere. Tchadiske forfattere har været tvunget til at skrive fra eksil eller som udvandrede, og deres litteratur har været domineret af tematik omkring historie og politisk undertrykkelse. Siden 1962 har 20 forfattere skrevet omkring 60 skønlitterære værker. Blandt de internationalt mest kendte forfattere er <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brahim_Se%C3%AFd" title="Joseph Brahim Seïd">Joseph Brahim Seïd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baba_Moustapha" title="Baba Moustapha">Baba Moustapha</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Bangui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Bangui (ikke skrevet endnu)">Antoine Bangui</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koulsy_Lamko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koulsy Lamko (ikke skrevet endnu)">Koulsy Lamko</a>. </p><p>I 2003 publicerede Tchads eneste litteraturkritiker, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmat_Taboye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmat Taboye (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ahmat Taboye</a>, sin <i>Anthologie de la littérature tchadienne</i> for at sprede kundskab om Tchads litteratur internationalt og blandt ungdommen, og for at rette søgelyset mod landets mangel på bogforlag og markedsføring.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Redigér afsnit: Film" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Film"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Tchadiske_film" title="Tchadiske film">Tchadiske film</a></span></span></div> <p>Udviklingen af tchadisk filmindustri har lidt under borgerkrigens ødelæggelser og af manglen på <a href="/wiki/Biograf" title="Biograf">biografer</a>, som der kun findes én af i hele landet. Den første tchadiske spillefilm, <a href="/wiki/Realityshow" title="Realityshow">realityshowet</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Bye_Bye_Africa" title="Bye Bye Africa">Bye Bye Africa</a></i>, blev produceret i 1999 af <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_Saleh_Haroun" title="Mahamat Saleh Haroun">Mahamat Saleh Haroun</a>. Hans næste film var den kritikerroste <i><a href="/wiki/Abouna" title="Abouna">Abouna</a></i>, og hans <i><a href="/wiki/Daratt" title="Daratt">Daratt</a></i> vandt juryens specialpris ved <a href="/wiki/Filmfestivalen_i_Venedig" title="Filmfestivalen i Venedig">den 63. filmfestival i Venedig</a>. <a href="/wiki/Issa_Serge_Coelo" title="Issa Serge Coelo">Issa Serge Coelo</a> har regisseret de to andre film fra Tchad, <i><a href="/wiki/Daresalam" title="Daresalam">Daresalam</a></i> og <i><a href="/wiki/DP75:_Tartina_City" title="DP75: Tartina City">DP75: Tartina City</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Redigér afsnit: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Sport"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tchads mest populære sport er <a href="/wiki/Fodbold" title="Fodbold">fodbold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tchads_fodboldlandshold" title="Tchads fodboldlandshold">Tchads landshold</a> får stor opmærksomhed i internationale turneringer,<sup id="cite_ref-culture_78-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og tchadiske fodboldspillere har spillet for franske hold. <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> og fri<a href="/wiki/Brydning" title="Brydning">brydning</a> har også stor udbredelse i landet, det sidstnævnte i en form hvor bryderne er iklædt traditionelle dyrehoveder og er tildækket med støv.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_78-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mad_og_drikke">Mad og drikke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Redigér afsnit: Mad og drikke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Mad og drikke"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den vigtigste ernæringskilde i Tchad er <a href="/wiki/Hirse" title="Hirse">hirse</a>. Der laves boller af det, som dyppes i <a href="/wiki/Sovs" title="Sovs">sauce</a>. I den nordlige del af landet er dette kendt som <i>alysh</i>, i syd som <i>biya</i>. <a href="/wiki/Fisk" title="Fisk">Fisk</a> er populært, og bliver normalt behandlet og solgt som <i>salanga</i> (soltørret og lettere røget <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alestes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alestes (ikke skrevet endnu)">alestes</a></i> eller <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyrocynus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyrocynus (ikke skrevet endnu)">hyrocynus</a></i>) eller som <i>banda</i> (større røget fisk).<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Carcaje</i> er en populær, sød drik, som bliver udvundet fra <a href="/wiki/Hibiscus" title="Hibiscus">hibiscusblade</a>. Alkoholholdige drikke er nærmest fraværende i nord, men populært i syd, hvor folk drikker <a href="/wiki/Hirse%C3%B8l" title="Hirseøl">hirseøl</a> kendt som <i>billi-billi</i>, når det bliver brygget på rød hirse og <i>coshate</i>, når det bliver brygget på <a href="/wiki/%C3%86gte_Hirse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ægte Hirse">hvid hirse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_78-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noter">Noter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Redigér afsnit: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Noter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cia_1-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html">Tchad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518164645/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html">Arkiveret</a> 18. maj 2020 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-3"><sup>d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=628&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=95&pr.y=2">"<span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span> Chad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internationale_Valutafond" title="Internationale Valutafond">Internationale Valutafond</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 1. oktober 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+style%3D%22cursor%3A+default%3B+font-family%3A+sans-serif%3B+font-size%3A+0.84em%3B+color%3A+%23555555%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+bottom%3A+0.08em%22%3E%28engelsk%29%3C%2Fspan%3E+Chad&rft.pub=Internationale+Valutafond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2009%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fsy%3D2006%26ey%3D2009%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D628%26s%3DNGDPD%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPGDP%252CPPPPC%252CLP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D%26pr.x%3D95%26pr.y%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ATchad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-6"><sup>g</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chad", <i>The World Factbook</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">""Rank Order – Area""</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-7"><sup>h</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_5-8"><sup>i</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chad", <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHCHR-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNHCHR_6-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNHCHR_6-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNHCHR_6-2"><sup>c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chad". United Nations Commission on Human Rights.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Botha, "S.H. Frankel"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">EB, "Chad, Lake", <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Dinar, <i>Restoring and Protecting the World's Lakes and Reservoirs</i>, 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Decalo, <i>Historical Dictionary of Chad</i>, 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Chapelle, 10-16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>World Population Prospects</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tal fra 2005; ref <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/whosis/database/country/compare.cfm?country=TCD&indicator=MortChildBoth&language=english">who</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chad Livelihood Profiles". U.S. Agency for International Development.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2007.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/AMMF-76TJS4-Rapport_complet.pdf/$File/Rapport_complet.pdf">Déplacés internes au Tchad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029132805/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2007.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/AMMF-76TJS4-Rapport_complet.pdf/$File/Rapport_complet.pdf">Arkiveret</a> 29. oktober 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (PDF), juli 2007, UNHCR.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chad: Humanitarian Profile – 2006/2007"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chad". <i>Women of the World</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRP-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRP_18-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRP_18-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRP_18-2"><sup>c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chad", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, (2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BGN-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BGN_19-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BGN_19-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BGN_19-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BGN_19-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BGN_19-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BGN_19-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BGN_19-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BGN_19-7"><sup>h</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BGN_19-8"><sup>i</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Background Notes: Chad</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collelo-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Collelo_20-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collelo_20-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collelo_20-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collelo_20-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collelo_20-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collelo_20-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collelo_20-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collelo_20-7"><sup>h</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. 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Besøgt 3. september 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trans-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-trans_51-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2007">"Corruption Perceptions Index 2007"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080428203145/http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2007">Arkiveret</a> 28. april 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Transparency International. Besøgt 16. december 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tribe-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tribe_52-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4907650.stm">"'Isolated' Deby clings to power"</a> BBC News <a href="/wiki/13._april" title="13. april">13. april</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. 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Verdensbanken.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Tchad", UNESCO</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>La decentralisation au Tchad</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECD-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_66-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_66-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chad", OECD</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The World's 10 Poorest Countries.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forumfor.no/grupper/documents/Reg_bilat_handelsavtaler.pdf">«Bilaterale og regionale frihandelsavtaler»</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikler_med_d%C3%B8de_eksterne_henvisninger" title="Wikipedia:Artikler med døde eksterne henvisninger">Webside ikke længere tilgængelig</a>)</small> (PDF), Forum for Utvikling og Miljø. 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Human Rights Instruments. <a href="/wiki/FN%27s_menneskerettighedskommission" title="FN's menneskerettighedskommission">FN's menneskerettighedskommission</a>. <a href="/wiki/12._december" title="12. december">12. december</a> <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"Chad". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. (2000). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"Chad, Lake". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. (2000). <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/08/18/000112742_20040818161300/Rendered/PDF/298290Chad0IEM1ject0Brief10Final004.pdf">Chad – Community Based Integrated Ecosystem Management Project</a>" (PDF). <a href="/wiki/24._september" title="24. september">24. september</a> <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>. <a href="/wiki/Verdensbanken" title="Verdensbanken">Verdensbanken</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001212259/http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/chad/chad_eng.pdf">Chad: A Cultural Profile</a>" (PDF). Cultural Profiles Project. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citizenship_and_Immigration_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citizenship and Immigration Canada (ikke skrevet endnu)">Citizenship and Immigration Canada</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-7727-9102-3" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-7727-9102-3">0-7727-9102-3</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/11/23/000104615_20041129133849/Rendered/PDF/PID010Concept0Stage.pdf">Chad Urban Development Project</a>" (PDF). <a href="/wiki/21._oktober" title="21. oktober">21. oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. Verdensbanken. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/387875A9DF1816A78525725F005D5397/$File/chad_final.pdf?OpenElement">Chad: Humanitarian Profile – 2006/2007</a>" (PDF). <a href="/wiki/8._januar" title="8. januar">8. januar</a> <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (ikke skrevet endnu)">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051218234917/http://www.fews.net/livelihoods/files/td/profiling.pdf">Chad Livelihood Profiles</a>" (PDF). Marts 2005. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1997/10/21/000009265_3971229180948/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf">Chad Poverty Assessment: Constraints to Rural Development</a>" (PDF). Verdensbanken. <a href="/wiki/21._oktober" title="21. oktober">21. oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6939">Chad (2006)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012174004/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6939">Arkiveret</a> 12. oktober 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Country Report: 2006 Edition</i>. <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>, Inc. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121213034203/www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Chad_Cameroon/Full.html">Chad and Cameroon</a>". Country Analysis Briefs. Januar 2007. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_Information_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy Information Administration (ikke skrevet endnu)">Energy Information Administration</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4771383.stm">Chad leader's victory confirmed</a>", <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, <a href="/wiki/14._maj" title="14. maj">14. maj</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6367545.stm">Chad may face genocide, UN warns</a>", BBC News, <a href="/wiki/16._februar" title="16. februar">16. februar</a> <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>Chapelle, Jean (1981); <i>Le Peuple Tchadien: ses racines et sa vie quotidienne</i>. Paris: L'Harmattan. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/2-85802-169-4" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/2-85802-169-4">2-85802-169-4</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(fransk)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anwarul_Karim_Chowdhury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anwarul Karim Chowdhury (ikke skrevet endnu)">Chowdhury, Anwarul Karim</a> & Sandagdorj Erdenbileg (2006); "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www0.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ohrlls/UNOHRLLS/new/UserFiles/File/Publications/LLDC/05-33151_geography_sm.pdf">Geography Against Development: A Case for Landlocked Developing Countries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205131921/http://www0.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ohrlls/UNOHRLLS/new/UserFiles/File/Publications/LLDC/05-33151_geography_sm.pdf">Arkiveret</a> 5. februar 2009 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". New York: United Nations. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/92-1-104540-1" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/92-1-104540-1">92-1-104540-1</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>Collelo, Thomas (1990); "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120715050024/lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/tdtoc.html">Chad: A Country Study</a>", 2d ed. Washington: <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Government_Printing_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Government Printing Office (ikke skrevet endnu)">U.S. GPO</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-16-024770-5" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-16-024770-5">0-16-024770-5</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>Dadnaji, Dimrangar (1999); "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030408093346/http://www.cefod.org/Fichiers%20web/decentralisationtchad.doc">La decentralisation au Tchad</a>" <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(fransk)</span></li> <li>Decalo, Samuel (1987); <i>Historical Dictionary of Chad</i>, 2 ed. Metuchen: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-8108-1937-6" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-8108-1937-6">0-8108-1937-6</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>East, Roger & Richard J. Thomas (2003); <i>Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/1-85743-126-X" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/1-85743-126-X">1-85743-126-X</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>Dinar, Ariel (1995); <i>Restoring and Protecting the World's Lakes and Reservoirs</i>. World Bank Publications. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-8213-3321-6" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-8213-3321-6">0-8213-3321-6</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>Gondjé, Laoro (2003); "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cefod.org/Tchad%20et%20Culture/Tc214/art%20tchadien%201.htm">La musique recherche son identité</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030518154037/http://www.cefod.org/Tchad+et+Culture/Tc214/art+tchadien+1.htm">Arkiveret</a> 18. maj 2003 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Tchad et Culture</i> <b>214</b>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(fransk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060817021707/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engAFR200042001?OpenDocument&of=COUNTRIES%5CCHAD">Chad: the Habré Legacy</a>". <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. <a href="/wiki/16._oktober" title="16. oktober">16. oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>Lange, Dierk (1988). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/UNESCO_III.pdf">The Chad region as a crossroad</a>" (PDF), in <i>UNESCO General History of Africa – Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century</i>, vol. 3: 436–460. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California Press (ikke skrevet endnu)">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-0-520-03914-8" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-0-520-03914-8">978-0-520-03914-8</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071024234020/http://www.deltcd.ec.europa.eu/fr/item2_info_docs/Lettre3_a4x10p.pdf">Lettre d'information</a>" (PDF). Délégation de la Commission Européenne au Tchad. N. 3. September 2004. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(fransk)</span></li> <li>Macedo, Stephen (2006); <i>Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes Under International Law</i>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-8122-1950-3" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-8122-1950-3">0-8122-1950-3</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>Malo, Nestor H. (2003); "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cefod.org/Tchad%20et%20Culture/Tc214/art%20tchadien%206.htm">Littérature tchadienne : Jeune mais riche</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030518154200/http://www.cefod.org/Tchad+et+Culture/Tc214/art+tchadien+6.htm">Arkiveret</a> 18. maj 2003 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Tchad et Culture</i> <b>214</b>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(fransk)</span></li> <li>Manley, Andrew; "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4809420.stm">Chad's vulnerable president</a>", BBC News, <a href="/wiki/15._marts" title="15. marts">15. marts</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5328462.stm">Mirren crowned 'queen' at Venice</a>", BBC News, <a href="/wiki/9._september" title="9. september">9. september</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>Ndang, Tabo Symphorien (2005); "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614080559/http://132.203.59.36:81/Group/members_mpia/mpia-read/meetings%26workshops/SRI%20LANKA/Papers/PMMA%20Papers/pr-pmma-208%20Tabo%20Ndang%20Symph-new.pdf">A qui Profitent les Dépenses Sociales au Tchad? Une Analyse d'Incidence à Partir des Données d'Enquête</a>" (PDF). <i>4th PEP Research Network General Meeting</i>. Poverty and Economic Policy. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(fransk)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Nolutshungu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Nolutshungu (ikke skrevet endnu)">Nolutshungu, Sam C.</a> (1995); <i>Limits of Anarchy: Intervention and State Formation in Chad</i>. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-8139-1628-3" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-8139-1628-3">0-8139-1628-3</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Pollack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Pollack (ikke skrevet endnu)">Pollack, Kenneth M.</a> (2002); <i>Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991</i>. Lincoln: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Nebraska_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Nebraska Press (ikke skrevet endnu)">University of Nebraska Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-8032-3733-2" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-8032-3733-2">0-8032-3733-2</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html">Rank Order – Area</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080306224216/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html">Arkiveret</a> 6. marts 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The World Factbook</i>. United States Central Intelligence Agency. <a href="/wiki/10._maj" title="10. maj">10. maj</a> <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023258.pdf">Republic of Chad – Public Administration Country Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614080558/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023258.pdf">Arkiveret</a> 14. juni 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (PDF). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. November 2004. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.primature-tchad.org/CIRCONSCRIPTIONS.pdf">République du Tchad – Circonscriptions administratives</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070316210936/http://www.primature-tchad.org/CIRCONSCRIPTIONS.pdf">Arkiveret</a> 16. marts 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/Tchads_regering" title="Tchads regering">Tchads regering</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(fransk)</span></li> <li>Spera, Vincent (<a href="/wiki/8._februar" title="8. februar">8. februar</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>); "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/imr-ri.nsf/en/gr126314e.html">Chad Country Commercial Guide -- FY 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015073734/http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/imr-ri.nsf/en/gr126314e.html">Arkiveret</a> 15. oktober 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Handelsdepartementet_(USA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Handelsdepartementet (USA) (ikke skrevet endnu)">United States Department of Commerce</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/D7238E/D7238E03.htm">Symposium on the evaluation of fishery resources in the development and management of inland fisheries</a>". CIFA Technical Paper No. 2. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. 29. november – 1. december 1972. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/tchad/contents.html">Tchad</a>". <i>L'évaluation de l'éducation pour tous à l'an 2000: Rapport des pays</i>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, Education for All. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(fransk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060604170409/http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/africa/horn_of_africa/111_tchad_vers_le_retour_de_la_guerre.pdf">Tchad: vers le retour de la guerre?</a>" (PDF). <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/1._juni" title="1. juni">1. juni</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(fransk)</span></li> <li>Tetchiada, Sylvestre; "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ipsnews.net/fr/_note.asp?idnews=2920">Le pétrole au coeur des nouveaux soubresauts au Tchad</a>", <a href="/wiki/Inter_Press_Service" title="Inter Press Service">IPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/16._december" title="16. december">16. december</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(fransk)</span></li> <li>Wolfe, Adam; "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=592&language_id=1">Instability on the March in Sudan, Chad and Central African Republic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070105160231/http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=592&language_id=1">Arkiveret</a> 5. januar 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", PINR, <a href="/wiki/6._december" title="6. december">6. december</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>World Bank (<a href="/wiki/14._juli" title="14. juli">14. juli</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20994138~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html">World Bank, Govt. of Chad Sign Memorandum of Understanding on Poverty Reduction</a>". <a href="/wiki/Pressemeddelelse" title="Pressemeddelelse">Pressemeddelelse</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpp/">World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision Population Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511162049/http://esa.un.org/unpp/">Arkiveret</a> 11. maj 2011 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". 2006. United Nations Population Division. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediaglobal.org/index.php/the-worlds-10-poorest-countries/">The World's 10 Poorest Countries</a>". Media for Global Development. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4351076.stm">Worst corruption offenders named</a>", BBC News, <a href="/wiki/18._november" title="18. november">18. november</a> <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li>Young, Neil (august 2002); "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jigsawlounge.co.uk/film/harouninterview.html">An interview with Mahamet-Saleh Haroun, writer and director of Abouna (<i>Our Father</i>)</a>". <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="plainlinks" style="display:inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/11px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> har flere filer relateret til <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chad" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chad">Tchad</a></b> </div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="På_fransk"><span id="P.C3.A5_fransk"></span>På fransk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Redigér afsnit: På fransk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: På fransk"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.primature-tchad.com/">Regeringens officielle hjemmeside</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310224715/http://www.primature-tchad.com/">Arkiveret</a> 10. marts 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa-onweb.com/pays/tchad/histoire.htm">Histoire du Tchad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071221030457/http://www.africa-onweb.com/pays/tchad/histoire.htm">Arkiveret</a> 21. december 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cefod.org/">Cefod – Centre d'études et de formation pour le développement</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndjamenanet.com/">Portail de l'actualité tchadienne</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stop-francafrique.com/">Tchad pays de la « Françafrique »</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080217002451/http://www.stop-francafrique.com/">Arkiveret</a> 17. februar 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/doc?t=french_africa&c=chad">Human Rights Watch – Tchad (droits de l'homme)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectif-asah.org/ressources.php?node=157&">– Dossier TCHAD du Portail Humanitaire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050405163937/http://www.collectif-asah.org/ressources.php?node=157&">Arkiveret</a> 5. april 2005 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="På_engelsk"><span id="P.C3.A5_engelsk"></span>På engelsk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Redigér afsnit: På engelsk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tchad&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: På engelsk"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/chad/">AllAfrica.com – <i>Chad</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africatime.com/tchad/">Nyheder og links</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080116115524/http://www.africatime.com/tchad/">Arkiveret</a> 16. januar 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1068700.stm">BBC News Country Profile – <i>Chad</i></a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> om <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html">Tchad</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/p/af/ci/cd/">US State Department – <i>Chad</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121228084209/web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/CHADEXTN/0,,menuPK:349901~pagePK:141132~piPK:141109~theSitePK:349862,00.html">World Bank -- Chad Summary Data, Statistics & Sources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?CCODE=TCD&PTYPE=CP">World Bank -- Chad Data Profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/Chad.html">Columbia University Libraries – <i>Chad</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/Africa/Chad/">Open Directory Project – <i>Chad</i></a> på Curlie (som bygger videre på <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">Open Directory Project</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/chad.html">Stanford University – Africa South of the Sahara: <i>Chad</i></a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Tchads_regioner" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Tchads regioner"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tchads_regioner" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tchads</a> <a href="/wiki/Tchads_regioner" title="Tchads regioner">regioner</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barh_El_Gazel" title="Barh El Gazel">Barh El Gazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batha" title="Batha">Batha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borkou" title="Borkou">Borkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chari-Baguirmi" title="Chari-Baguirmi">Chari-Baguirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennedi_(region)" title="Ennedi (region)">Ennedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ra" title="Guéra">Guéra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadjer-Lamis" title="Hadjer-Lamis">Hadjer-Lamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem" title="Kanem">Kanem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lac" title="Lac">Lac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logone_Occidental" title="Logone Occidental">Logone Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logone_Oriental" title="Logone Oriental">Logone Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandoul" title="Mandoul">Mandoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayo-Kebbi_Est" title="Mayo-Kebbi Est">Mayo-Kebbi Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayo-Kebbi_Ouest" title="Mayo-Kebbi Ouest">Mayo-Kebbi Ouest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyen-Chari" title="Moyen-Chari">Moyen-Chari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouadda%C3%AF" title="Ouaddaï">Ouaddaï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamat" title="Salamat">Salamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sila_(Tchad)" title="Sila (Tchad)">Sila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandjil%C3%A9" title="Tandjilé">Tandjilé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibesti_(region)" title="Tibesti (region)">Tibesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Fira" title="Wadi Fira">Wadi Fira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tchads flag"><img alt="Tchads flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/50px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/75px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/100px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_i_Afrika" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Lande_i_Afrika" title="Skabelon:Lande i Afrika"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:Lande_i_Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:Lande i Afrika (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Lande_i_Afrika" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Lande i Afrika"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_i_Afrika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande i <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeriet" title="Algeriet">Algeriet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroun" title="Cameroun">Cameroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanske_Republik" title="Centralafrikanske Republik">Centralafrikanske Republik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorerne" title="Comorerne">Comorerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokratiske_Republik_Congo" title="Demokratiske Republik Congo">Demokratiske Republik Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Congo" title="Republikken Congo">Republikken Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskysten" title="Elfenbenskysten">Elfenbenskysten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiopien" title="Etiopien">Etiopien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde">Kap Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyen" title="Libyen">Libyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretanien" title="Mauretanien">Mauretanien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_og_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé og Príncipe">São Tomé og Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellerne" title="Seychellerne">Seychellerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydsudan" title="Sydsudan">Sydsudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tchad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunesien" title="Tunesien">Tunesien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86kvatorialguinea" title="Ækvatorialguinea">Ækvatorialguinea</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Africa2.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Afrika"><img alt="Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Africa2.PNG/50px-Africa2.PNG" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Africa2.PNG/75px-Africa2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Africa2.PNG/100px-Africa2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>1</sup> Ligger delvis i <a href="/wiki/Asien" title="Asien">Asien</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Afrikanske_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Afrikanske_Union" title="Skabelon:Afrikanske Union"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:Afrikanske_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:Afrikanske Union (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Afrikanske_Union" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Afrikanske Union"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Afrikanske_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Afrikanske_Union" title="Afrikanske Union">Afrikanske Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeriet" title="Algeriet">Algeriet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroun" title="Cameroun">Cameroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanske_Republik" title="Centralafrikanske Republik">Centralafrikanske Republik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorerne" title="Comorerne">Comorerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokratiske_Republik_Congo" title="Demokratiske Republik Congo">Demokratiske Republik Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Congo" title="Republikken Congo">Republikken Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskysten" title="Elfenbenskysten">Elfenbenskysten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiopien" title="Etiopien">Etiopien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde">Kap Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyen" title="Libyen">Libyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretanien" title="Mauretanien">Mauretanien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_og_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé og Príncipe">Sao Tome og Principe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellerne" title="Seychellerne">Seychellerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tchad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunesien" title="Tunesien">Tunesien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86kvatorialguinea" title="Ækvatorialguinea">Ækvatorialguinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="CEMAC&#039;s_medlemslande" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:CEMAC" title="Skabelon:CEMAC"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:CEMAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:CEMAC (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:CEMAC" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:CEMAC"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CEMAC&#039;s_medlemslande" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Den_centralafrikanske_%C3%B8konomiske_og_monet%C3%A6re_union" title="Den centralafrikanske økonomiske og monetære union">CEMAC</a>'s medlemslande</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroun" title="Cameroun">Cameroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanske_Republik" title="Centralafrikanske Republik">Centralafrikanske Republik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Congo" title="Republikken Congo">Republikken Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tchad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86kvatorialguinea" title="Ækvatorialguinea">Ækvatorialguinea</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Africa-countries-CEMAC.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="CEMAC's medlemslande"><img alt="CEMAC's medlemslande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Africa-countries-CEMAC.svg/35px-Africa-countries-CEMAC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Africa-countries-CEMAC.svg/53px-Africa-countries-CEMAC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Africa-countries-CEMAC.svg/70px-Africa-countries-CEMAC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Den_Islamiske_Samarbejdsorganisations_medlemslande" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Organization_of_the_Islamic_Conference" title="Skabelon:Organization of the Islamic Conference"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:Organization_of_the_Islamic_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:Organization of the Islamic Conference (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Organization_of_the_Islamic_Conference" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Organization of the Islamic Conference"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Den_Islamiske_Samarbejdsorganisations_medlemslande" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Den_Islamiske_Samarbejdsorganisation" title="Den Islamiske Samarbejdsorganisation">Den Islamiske Samarbejdsorganisations</a> medlemslande</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanien" title="Albanien">Albanien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeriet" title="Algeriet">Algeriet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroun" title="Cameroun">Cameroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorerne" title="Comorerne">Comorerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskysten" title="Elfenbenskysten">Elfenbenskysten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forenede_Arabiske_Emirater" title="Forenede Arabiske Emirater">Forenede Arabiske Emirater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien">Indonesien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyen" title="Libyen">Libyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldiverne" title="Maldiverne">Maldiverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretanien" title="Mauretanien">Mauretanien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A6stina_(stat)" title="Palæstina (stat)">Palæstina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabien" title="Saudi-Arabien">Saudi-Arabien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">Syrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadsjikistan" title="Tadsjikistan">Tadsjikistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tchad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunesien" title="Tunesien">Tunesien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrkiet" title="Tyrkiet">Tyrkiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usbekistan" title="Usbekistan">Usbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Koloniimperier:_(1870_til_1945)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Imperialismen" title="Skabelon:Imperialismen"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/wiki/Skabelondiskussion:Imperialismen" title="Skabelondiskussion:Imperialismen"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Imperialismen" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Imperialismen"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Koloniimperier:_(1870_til_1945)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme">Koloniimperier</a>: (<a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a> til <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Det_amerikanske_koloniimperium" title="Det amerikanske koloniimperium">Det amerikanske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerikansk_Samoa" title="Amerikansk Samoa">Amerikansk Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippinerne" title="Filippinerne">Filippinerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway%C3%B8erne" title="Midwayøerne">Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerikanske_Jomfru%C3%B8er" title="Amerikanske Jomfruøer">Amerikanske Jomfruøer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png/220px-Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png/330px-Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png/440px-Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png 2x" data-file-width="2069" data-file-height="2681" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Det_belgiske_koloniimperium" title="Det belgiske koloniimperium">Det belgiske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fristaten_Congo" title="Fristaten Congo">Fristaten Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgisk_Congo" title="Belgisk Congo">Belgisk Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi" title="Ruanda-Urundi">Ruanda-Urundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tientsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danske_besiddelser#Danmarks_kolonier" title="Danske besiddelser">Det danske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dansk_Vestindien" title="Dansk Vestindien">De Dansk-Vestindiske Øer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland" title="Grønland">Grønland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_danske_Guldkyst" title="Den danske Guldkyst">Guldkysten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trankebar" title="Trankebar">Trankebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicobarerne" title="Nicobarerne">Nicobarerne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Britiske_Imperium" title="Britiske Imperium">Det britiske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protektoratet_Bechuanaland" title="Protektoratet Bechuanaland">Bechuanaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britisk_Somaliland" title="Britisk Somaliland">Britisk Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands%C3%B8erne" title="Falklandsøerne">Falklandsøerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guldkysten" title="Guldkysten">Guldkysten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongkong" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irland" title="Irland">Irland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island_(Indiske_Ocean)" title="Christmas Island (Indiske Ocean)">Juleøen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapkolonien" title="Kapkolonien">Kapkolonien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos%C3%B8erne" title="Cocosøerne">Kokosøerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britisk_Malaya" title="Britisk Malaya">Britisk Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonien_Natal" title="Kolonien Natal">Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_Guinea" title="Ny Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oranjefristaten" title="Oranjefristaten">Oranjefristaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatomr%C3%A5det_i_Pal%C3%A6stina" title="Mandatområdet i Palæstina">Palæstina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordrhodesia" title="Nordrhodesia">Nordrhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydrhodesia" title="Sydrhodesia">Sydrhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomon%C3%B8erne" title="Salomonøerne">Salomonøerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydafrikanske_union" title="Sydafrikanske union">Sydafrikanske union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyikaterritoriet" title="Tanganyikaterritoriet">Tanganyikaterritoriet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal" title="Transvaal">Transvaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Vestpakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Østpakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Franske_koloniimperium" title="Franske koloniimperium">Det franske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_Nordafrika" title="Fransk Nordafrika">Fransk Nordafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_Algeriet" title="Fransk Algeriet">Algeriet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franske_protektorat_Tunesien" title="Franske protektorat Tunesien">Tunesien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_Marokko" title="Fransk Marokko">Marokko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8res_du_Sud" title="Rivières du Sud">Rivières du Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_Sudan" title="Fransk Sudan">Fransk Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_Guinea" title="Fransk Guinea">Fransk Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_Vestafrika" title="Fransk Vestafrika">Fransk Vestafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_%C3%86kvatorialafrika" title="Fransk Ækvatorialafrika">Fransk Ækvatorialafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanske_Republik" title="Centralafrikanske Republik">Centralafrikanske republik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_Guyana" title="Fransk Guyana">Fransk Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_Indokina" title="Fransk Indokina">Fransk Indokina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annam" title="Annam">Annam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochinkina" title="Cochinkina">Cochinkina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen" title="Kerguelen">Kerguelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatomr%C3%A5det_i_Libanon" title="Mandatområdet i Libanon">Libanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A9_(Indien)" title="Mahé (Indien)">Mahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretanien" title="Mauretanien">Mauretanien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_Kaledonien" title="Ny Kaledonien">Ny Kaledonien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegambia_og_Niger" title="Senegambia og Niger">Senegambia og Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98vre_Senegal_og_Niger" title="Øvre Senegal og Niger">Øvre Senegal og Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_Somaliland" title="Fransk Somaliland">Fransk Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tchad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransk_%C3%98vre_Volta" title="Fransk Øvre Volta">Fransk Øvre Volta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_hollandske_koloniimperium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det hollandske koloniimperium (ikke skrevet endnu)">Det hollandske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curacao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Hollandsk Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollandsk_Ostindien" title="Hollandsk Ostindien">Hollandsk Ostindien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Det_italienske_koloniimperium" title="Det italienske koloniimperium">Det italienske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stor-Italien" title="Stor-Italien">Stor-Italien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodekaneserne" title="Dodekaneserne">Dodekanesiske øer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaika" title="Cyrenaika">Cyrenaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolitania" title="Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyens_historie_som_italiensk_koloni" title="Libyens historie som italiensk koloni">Libyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiensk_Somaliland" title="Italiensk Somaliland">Italiensk Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiensk_%C3%98stafrika" title="Italiensk Østafrika">Italiensk Østafrika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kejserriget_Japan" title="Kejserriget Japan">Det japanske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Kinas_reformerede_regering" title="Republikken Kinas reformerede regering">Kina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_japansk_overherred%C3%B8mme" title="Korea under japansk overherredømme">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurilerne" title="Kurilerne">Kurilerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescadorerne" title="Pescadorerne">Pescadorerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_japansk_styre" title="Taiwan under japansk styre">Formosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Det_portugisiske_koloniimperium" title="Det portugisiske koloniimperium">Det portugisiske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azorerne" title="Azorerne">Azorerne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diu (ikke skrevet endnu)">Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macao" title="Macao">Macao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Portugisisk Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_og_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé og Príncipe">Principe og St. Thome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanske_Imperium" title="Spanske Imperium">Det spanske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Kanariske_%C3%98er" title="De Kanariske Øer">Kanariske øer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spansk_Marokko" title="Spansk Marokko">Spansk Marokko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spansk_Sahara" title="Spansk Sahara">Spansk Sahara</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_Oro" title="Río de Oro">Río de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saguia_el-Hamra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saguia el-Hamra (ikke skrevet endnu)">Saguia el-Hamra</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spansk_Guinea" title="Spansk Guinea">Spansk Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippinerne" title="Filippinerne">Filippinerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyspanien" title="Nyspanien">Vicekongedømmet Nyspanien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicekonged%C3%B8mmet_i_Peru" title="Vicekongedømmet i Peru">Vicekongedømmet i Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicekonged%C3%B8mmet_Ny_Granada" title="Vicekongedømmet Ny Granada">Vicekongedømmet Ny Granada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Det_svenske_koloniimperium" title="Det svenske koloniimperium">Det svenske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ny_Sverige" title="Ny Sverige">Ny Sverige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint-Barthélemy">Saint-Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Corso" title="Cabo Corso">Cabo Corso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sydafrikanske_union" title="Sydafrikanske union">Sydafrikanske Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sydvestafrika" title="Sydvestafrika">Sydvestafrika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Det_tyske_koloniimperium" title="Det tyske koloniimperium">Det tyske koloniimperium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordmarianerne" title="Nordmarianerne">Marianerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall%C3%B8erne" title="Marshalløerne">Marshalløerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tysk_Sydvestafrika" title="Tysk Sydvestafrika">Sydvestafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tysk_Vestafrika" title="Tysk Vestafrika">Tysk Vestafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland" title="Togoland">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tysk_Wituland" title="Tysk Wituland">Tysk Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tysk_%C3%98stafrika" title="Tysk Østafrika">Østafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tysk_Ny_Guinea" title="Tysk Ny Guinea">Tysk Ny Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Historie" title="Portal:Historie">Andre indgange til historien</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_i_Frankofonien" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Navboks_Frankofonien" title="Skabelon:Navboks Frankofonien"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:Navboks_Frankofonien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:Navboks Frankofonien (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Navboks_Frankofonien" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Navboks Frankofonien"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_i_Frankofonien" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande i <a href="/wiki/La_Francophonie" title="La Francophonie">Frankofonien</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medlemslande og -regioner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanien" title="Albanien">Albanien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a> (Vallonien)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien">Bulgarien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja">Cambodja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroun" title="Cameroun">Cameroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanske_Republik" title="Centralafrikanske Republik">Centralafrikanske Republik</a> (Suspenderet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorerne" title="Comorerne">Comorerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Congo" title="Republikken Congo">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokratiske_Republik_Congo" title="Demokratiske Republik Congo">Demokratiske Republik Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskysten" title="Elfenbenskysten">Elfenbenskysten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig">Frankrig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6kenland" title="Grækenland">Grækenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> (Suspenderet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde">Kap Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> (Suspenderet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> (Suspenderet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretanien" title="Mauretanien">Mauretanien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordmakedonien" title="Nordmakedonien">Nordmakedonien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec">Québec (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum%C3%A6nien" title="Rumænien">Rumænien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_og_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé og Príncipe">São Tomé og Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellerne" title="Seychellerne">Seychellerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tchad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunesien" title="Tunesien">Tunesien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86kvatorialguinea" title="Ækvatorialguinea">Ækvatorialguinea</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Francophonie"><img alt="La Francophonie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/100px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/150px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/200px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associerede medlemmer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypern" title="Cypern">Cypern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observatører</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenien" title="Armenien">Armenien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgien" title="Georgien">Georgien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien">Kroatien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien">Serbien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakiet" title="Slovakiet">Slovakiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenien" title="Slovenien">Slovenien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjekkiet" title="Tjekkiet">Tjekkiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungarn" title="Ungarn">Ungarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98strig" title="Østrig">Østrig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medlemmer_og_observatører_i_De_alliancefrie_landes_bevægelse" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:De_alliancefrie_landes_bev%C3%A6gelse" title="Skabelon:De alliancefrie landes bevægelse"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:De_alliancefrie_landes_bev%C3%A6gelse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:De alliancefrie landes bevægelse (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:De_alliancefrie_landes_bev%C3%A6gelse" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:De alliancefrie landes bevægelse"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medlemmer_og_observatører_i_De_alliancefrie_landes_bevægelse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Medlemmer og observatører i <a href="/wiki/De_alliancefrie_landes_bev%C3%A6gelse" title="De alliancefrie landes bevægelse">De alliancefrie landes bevægelse</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medlemmer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeriet" title="Algeriet">Algeriet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja">Cambodja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroun" title="Cameroun">Cameroun</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanske_Republik" title="Centralafrikanske Republik">Centralafrikanske Republik</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorerne" title="Comorerne">Comorerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Congo" title="Republikken Congo">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Demokratiske_Republik_Congo" title="Demokratiske Republik Congo">DR Congo</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dominikanske_Republik" title="Dominikanske Republik">Dominikanske Republik</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskysten" title="Elfenbenskysten">Elfenbenskysten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiopien" title="Etiopien">Etiopien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippinerne" title="Filippinerne">Filippinerne</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forenede_Arabiske_Emirater" title="Forenede Arabiske Emirater">Forenede Arabiske Emirater</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hviderusland" title="Hviderusland">Hviderusland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien">Indonesien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde">Kap Verde</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> 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style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabien" title="Saudi-Arabien">Saudi-Arabien</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellerne" title="Seychellerne">Seychellerne</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">Syrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink 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title="Østtimor">Østtimor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsevertører</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lande</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_og_Barbuda" title="Antigua og Barbuda">Antigua og Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenien" title="Armenien">Armenien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bosnien-Hercegovina" title="Bosnien-Hercegovina">Bosnien-Hercegovina</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a></li> <li><span 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style="width:1%">Organisationer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikanske_Union" title="Afrikanske Union">Afrikanske Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Arabiske_Liga" title="Den Arabiske Liga">Arabiske Liga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forenede_Nationer" title="Forenede Nationer">FN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritetsdata" 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0001 2185 1881</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4061074-3">4061074-3</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="LIBRIS (bibliotekskatalog)">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/auth/158859">158859</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/026402106">026402106</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865632d">cb11865632d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865632d">(data)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F003471.php">003471</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationale_parlamentsbibliotek" title="Nationale parlamentsbibliotek">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573565">00573565</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjekkisk_nationalbibliotek" title="Tjekkisk nationalbibliotek">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131640&CON_LNG=ENG">ge131640</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniens_nationalbibliotek" title="Spaniens nationalbibliotek">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453071">XX453071</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KulturNav" title="KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/language/en/e0fa349a-38e0-4a49-be80-96b98470e937">id</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//denstoredanske.lex.dk/Tchad">Tchad</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11755137"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=da&pagename=Tchad&params=15.46667_N_19.4_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" 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