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Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જય શ્રી રામ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="जय श्री राम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जय श्री राम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jai_Shri_Ram" title="Jai Shri Ram – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jai Shri Ram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="जय श्री राम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जय श्री राम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="जय श्री राम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जय श्री राम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%92_%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جے شری رام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جے شری رام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98" title="ជ័យស្រីរាម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជ័យស្រីរាម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhai_Shri_Ram" title="Xhai Shri Ram – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhai Shri Ram" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%92_%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جے شری رام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جے شری رام" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Phrase meaning "Hail Lord Rama", often chanted in Hinduism</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jai_Siya_Ram" title="Jai Siya Ram">Jai Siya Ram</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram_in_Ayodhya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ram_in_Ayodhya.jpg/220px-Ram_in_Ayodhya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ram_in_Ayodhya.jpg/330px-Ram_in_Ayodhya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ram_in_Ayodhya.jpg/440px-Ram_in_Ayodhya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1188" /></a><figcaption>A statue of <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a></figcaption></figure> Jai Shri Ram<a href="#cite_note-6">[a]</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a>: Jaya Śrī Rāma) is an expression in <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Asia" title="Languages of South Asia">Indic languages</a>, translating to "Glory to Lord <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>" or "Victory to Lord Rama".<a href="#cite_note-BBCMurderCry19-7">[6]</a> The proclamation has been used by Hindus as a symbol of adhering to the <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu faith</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FPMostPolarizing20-8">[7]</a> or for projection of varied faith-centered emotions.<a href="#cite_note-:3-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> The expression was used by the Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu nationalist">Hindu nationalist</a> organisations <a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> (VHP), <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) and their allies, which embraced the slogan in the late 20th century as a tool for increasing the visibility of Hinduism in public spaces, before going on to use it as a <a href="/wiki/Battle_cry" title="Battle cry">battle cry</a>. The slogan has since been employed in connection with the perpetration of <a href="/wiki/Communal_violence" title="Communal violence">communal violence</a> against people of other faiths, especially Muslims. <a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meaning">Meaning</h2></div> Jai Shri Ram means "hail Lord Ram" or "victory to Lord Ram".<a href="#cite_note-BBCMurderCry19-7">[6]</a> Ram (or Rama) is a major deity in Hinduism.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antecedents">Antecedents</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_and_social">Religious and social</h3></div> "Jaya Sri Ram", along with "Jaya Sita Ram", "Jaya Ram" and "Sita Ram", were used as mutual salutations by <a href="/wiki/Ramanandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanandi">Ramanandi</a> ascetics (called Bairagis).<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> "Ram Ram", "Jai Ram ji ki" and "<a href="/wiki/Jai_Siya_Ram" title="Jai Siya Ram">Jai Siya Ram</a>" have been noted as common salutations in the Hindi heartland (<a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a> or Siya is the name of Rama's consort).<a href="#cite_note-IE_assertive-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCMurderCry19-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-PrintErasedSita19-30">[29]</a> Photojournalist Prashant Panjiar wrote about how in the city <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> female pilgrims always chant "<a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a>-Ram-Sita-Ram", while the older male pilgrims prefer not to use Rama's name at all. The traditional usage of "Jai" in a slogan was with "Siyavar Ramchandraji ki jai" ("Victory to Sita's husband Rama").<a href="#cite_note-PrintErasedSita19-30">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rama_symbolism">Rama symbolism</h3></div> The worship of Rama increased significantly in the 12th century, following the invasions of Muslim Turks.<a href="#cite_note-Scroll800Yrs19-23">[22]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> became widely popular in the 16th century. It is argued that the story of Rama offers a "very powerful imaginative formulation of the divine king as the only being capable of combating evil".<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> The concept of Ramrajya, "the rule of Ram", was used by <a href="/wiki/Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi">Gandhi</a> to describe the ideal country free from the British.<a href="#cite_note-Scroll800Yrs19-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> The most widely known political use of Ram began with <a href="/wiki/Baba_Ram_Chandra" title="Baba Ram Chandra">Baba Ram Chandra</a>'s peasant movement in <a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a> in the 1920s. He encouraged the use of "Sita-Ram" as opposed to the then widely used "Salaam" as a greeting, since the latter implied social inferiority. "Sita-Ram" soon became a rallying cry.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Mrinal_Pande" title="Mrinal Pande">Mrinal Pande</a> states:<a href="#cite_note-Scroll800Yrs19-23">[22]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The slogans raised... were never about Ram as an individual, let alone a warrior. They were about the duo: Bol Siyavar or Siyapat Ramchandra ki jai [victory to Ram, Sita's husband].</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1980s_and_forward">1980s and forward</h2></div> In the late 1980s, the slogan "Jai Shri Ram" was popularised by <a href="/wiki/Ramanand_Sagar" title="Ramanand Sagar">Ramanand Sagar</a>'s television series <a href="/wiki/Ramayan_(1987_TV_series)" title="Ramayan (1987 TV series)">Ramayan</a>, where it was used by <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a> and the Vaanar Sena (<a href="/wiki/Vanara" title="Vanara">monkey army</a>) as a war cry when they fought the demon army of <a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravan</a> in order to free Sita.<a href="#cite_note-India_Today-34">[33]</a> Sagar himself acknowledged his contribution, claiming, "College boys don't say 'Hi' any more, they say 'Jai Shri Ram ki' 'Long live Shri Ram'."<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> The Hindu nationalist organisation <a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> (VHP) and its militant wing <a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a>, carried out a campaign saying "Ram-Ram Chhodo, Jai Shri Ram Bolo" ("Stop saying Ram-Ram, Say Jai Shri Ram").<a href="#cite_note-Panjiar-36">[35]</a> During <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rath_yatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rath yatra">rath yatra</a> to Ayodhya in 1989, the customary slogan Jai Siya Ram was replaced by "Jai Shri Ram".<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> The VHP, <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a> allies used it extensively in their Ayodhya <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">Ram Janmabhoomi movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-India_Today-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Volunteers at Ayodhya at the time would write the slogan on their skin, using their own blood as ink to signify their devotion. The organizations also distributed a cassette named as Jai Shri Ram, containing songs like "Ram ji ki sena chali" (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> the army of Rama is on the move) and "Aya samay jawano jago" (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> the time has come for the martial youth to arise). All the songs in the cassette were set to the tunes of popular <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> songs.<a href="#cite_note-WomenOnMarch95-39">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kar_sevak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kar sevak">Kar sevaks</a>, led by the Sangh Parivar allies, chanted the slogan of "Jai Shri Ram" when laying a foundation east of the <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Masjid</a> in August 1992.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Simultaneously the Rama pictography was changed to projecting a heroic, muscular, and angry Rama.<a href="#cite_note-Panjiar-36">[35]</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJain2007pp._320–321:_"..._a_figure_that_began_to_appear_in_Indian_bazaar_prints_in_the_late_1980s_in_confluence_with_the_Hindu_nationalist_Ramjanmabhumi_movement:_that_of_the_god_Ram_as_a_muscular,_aggressive,_dynamic_warrior."_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJain2007pp._320–321:_"..._a_figure_that_began_to_appear_in_Indian_bazaar_prints_in_the_late_1980s_in_confluence_with_the_Hindu_nationalist_Ramjanmabhumi_movement:_that_of_the_god_Ram_as_a_muscular,_aggressive,_dynamic_warrior."-41">[40]</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinney2004p._204:_"The_angry_Rama_image,_for_instance,_was_first_produced_by_the_Vishva_Hindu_Parishad_in_the_late_1980s_and,_following_the_publication_by_S._S._Brijbasi_of_a_commissioned_copy_by_the_Bombay_artist_Ved_Prakash_and_then_by_Rajan_Musle,_several_other_companies_produced_similar_images."_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinney2004p._204:_"The_angry_Rama_image,_for_instance,_was_first_produced_by_the_Vishva_Hindu_Parishad_in_the_late_1980s_and,_following_the_publication_by_S._S._Brijbasi_of_a_commissioned_copy_by_the_Bombay_artist_Ved_Prakash_and_then_by_Rajan_Musle,_several_other_companies_produced_similar_images."-42">[41]</a> A muscular Rama, clad in saffron, was shown towering over an imaginary Ram temple in Ayodhya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinney2004p._204-43">[42]</a> These images were labelled with the "Jai Shri Ram" slogan (written in the <a href="/wiki/Devnagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Devnagari">Devnagari</a> script of Hindi).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJain2007p._321,_figure_138.-44">[43]</a> A 1995 essay published in <a href="/wiki/Manushi" title="Manushi">Manushi</a>, a journal edited by academic <a href="/wiki/Madhu_Kishwar" title="Madhu Kishwar">Madhu Kishwar</a>, described how the Sangh Parivar's usage of "Jai Shri Ram", as opposed to "Sita-Ram", lies in the fact that their violent ideas had "no use for a non-macho Ram."<a href="#cite_note-Scroll800Yrs19-23">[22]</a> This also mobilised more people politically, since it was patriarchal. Further, the movement was exclusively associated with Ram's birth, which had occurred many years before his marriage to Sita.<a href="#cite_note-QuintWarCry19-45">[44]</a> Sociologist <a href="/wiki/Jan_Breman" title="Jan Breman">Jan Breman</a> writes:<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It is a "<a href="/wiki/Blut_und_Boden" class="mw-redirect" title="Blut und Boden">Blut und Boden</a>" (blood and soil) movement which aims to purify Bharat (the Motherland) from foreign elements.... The damage that the nation sustained is, to a significant extent, the consequence of the gentleness and indulgence that the people showed in the face of the repressive foreigners. The softness and femininity that came to be dominant in Hinduism, a change that was wrought by the cunning machinations of the enemy, now must make place for the original, masculine, powerful Hindu ethos. This explains the warlike, extremely aggressive character of the appeal for a national revival launched by the advocates of Hindutva. An interesting aside here is that the greeting "<a href="/wiki/Jai_Siya_Ram" title="Jai Siya Ram">Jai Siya Ram</a>" has been transformed into the battle cry "Jai Shri Ram" ("Long live Lord Ram"). The Hindu supreme god has assumed the form of a macho general. In the original meaning, "Siya Ram" had been a popular greeting of welcome in the countryside since time immemorial... The Hindu fanatics have now also banished her from the popular greeting by changing Siya to "Shri" (Lord), thereby suppressing the feminine element in favour of masculine virility and assertiveness.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Jan_Breman" title="Jan Breman">Jan Breman</a>, "Ghettoization and Communal Politics: The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion in the Hindutva Landscape", Institutions and Inequalities: Essays in Honour of Andre Beteille</cite></div></blockquote> An Indian political analyst decried the political use of the slogan in 2019, and said that "it now seems to have official sanction."<a href="#cite_note-TRT_World_2019-47">[46]</a> In December 2022, <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> while giving a speech in Madhya Pradesh attacked <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">RSS</a> by raising the question "Why they always chants "Jai Shri Ram" and not "Jai Siya Ram".<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-49">[48]</a> Reacting to his question, a minister in Madhya Pradesh and a senior BJP leader <a href="/wiki/Narottam_Mishra" title="Narottam Mishra">Narottam Mishra</a> replied "I think Rahul Gandhi's knowledge is only limited to children's rhyme 'Baa Baa Black Sheep', the name of Ram is prefixed with 'Shri' which is also used for Lord Vishnu's wife Lakshmi and Sita Ji".<a href="#cite_note-:1-49">[48]</a> The BJP's <a href="/wiki/Amit_Malviya" title="Amit Malviya">Amit Malviya</a> also reacted to Rahul Gandhi's attack by posting a video in which Prime Minister Narendra Modi started his Ram Mandir ceremony speech with "Jai Siya Ram".<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(India)" title="The Wire (India)">The Wire</a> said in 2023 that "We are yet to see any condemnation of the 'misuse' of the sacred name Ram by any religious leader or body."<a href="#cite_note-The_Wire_2023-51">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div> The BJP advocates using Jai Shri Ram and Jai Siya Ram as a greeting.<a href="#cite_note-The_Telegraph_(India)_1_January_2024-52">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numismatics">Numismatics</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Gharib_Niwaz_(Manipur)" title="Gharib Niwaz (Manipur)">Gharib Niwaz</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Manipur_(princely_state)" title="Manipur (princely state)">Manipur Kingdom</a>, issued <a href="/wiki/Bell_metal" title="Bell metal">bell metal</a> coins with the phrase "Jai Shri Ram", "Shri Ram" and "Jai Shri" in 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violent_incidents">Violent incidents</h3></div> <ul><li>In 1992, during riots and the <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">demolition of the Babri Masjid</a>, the same slogan was raised.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> Bureau Chief <a href="/wiki/Mark_Tully" title="Mark Tully">Mark Tully</a>, who was present at the site of the Masjid on 6 December, recalls the usage of the slogan "Jai Shri Rama!" by the Hindu crowds rushing towards the mosque.<a href="#cite_note-Tully_2017-5">[5]</a></li> <li>In January 1999, the slogan was heard again when Australian <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> doctor <a href="/wiki/Graham_Staines" title="Graham Staines">Graham Staines</a> was burned alive with his two children in Manoharpur, <a href="/wiki/Orissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa">Orissa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sarkar_1999-16">[15]</a></li> <li>In the events leading up to the <a href="/wiki/Godhra_train_burning" title="Godhra train burning">Godhra train burning</a> of February 2002, supporters of the Gujarat VHP and its affiliated organisations like the <a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a> forced Muslims to chant "Jai Shri Ram" on their journey to Ayodhya,<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> and on their return journey, they did the same at "every other station", including at <a href="/wiki/Godhra" title="Godhra">Godhra</a>. Both journeys were taken in the <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Express" title="Sabarmati Express">Sabarmati Express</a> for the ceremony at the Ram Janmabhoomi.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">2002 Gujarat riots</a> that followed, the slogan was used in a leaflet distributed by the VHP to encourage Hindus to boycott Muslim businesses.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a></li> <li>"Jai Shri Ram" was also chanted by the mob responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Gulbarg_Society_massacre" title="Gulbarg Society massacre">Gulbarg Society Massacre</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Jafri" title="Ehsan Jafri">Ehsan Jafri</a>, a former Member of Parliament from Ahmedabad, was forced to chant the slogan before he was brutally murdered during said massacre.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a></li> <li>The slogan was also heard from the mob during the <a href="/wiki/Naroda_Patiya_massacre" title="Naroda Patiya massacre">Naroda Patiya massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> People living in mixed-religion neighborhoods were forced to put up Jai Shri Ram posters and wear armbands to ward off the rioters.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a></li> <li>Tabrez Ansari was forced by a mob to chant "Jai Shree Ram" and "Jai Hanuman" during <a href="/wiki/Tabrez_Ansari_lynching" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabrez Ansari lynching">his lynching</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_chant-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Democratic_Women%27s_Association" title="All India Democratic Women's Association">All India Democratic Women's Association</a>, the women's wing of <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a>, alleged that the perpetrators of the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Gargi_College_molestations" title="Gargi College molestations">Gargi College molestations</a> were chanting the slogan.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a></li> <li>During the <a href="/wiki/2020_Delhi_riots" title="2020 Delhi riots">2020 Delhi riots</a>, rioters were reported to have kept chanting "Jai Shri Ram" while beating their victims and whenever a building went up in flames.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The police were also found to join in the chant while siding with the Hindu mobs. The Muslims were told Hindustan me rehna hoga, Jai Shri Ram kehna hoga (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> "If you want to stay in India, you will have to chant Jai Shri Ram").<a href="#cite_note-CaravanCops_Shouted20-68">[67]</a> Indian journalist <a href="/wiki/Rana_Ayyub" title="Rana Ayyub">Rana Ayyub</a>, writing in <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>, commented that the slogan had become a "racist <a href="/wiki/Dog-whistle_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog-whistle politics">dog whistle</a>" against Muslims during the riots.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a></li> <li>After the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP's</a> victory in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election</a>, a 25 year old Muslim man, Babar Ali from UP's Kushinagar district was lynched and killed by the members of his own community for supporting BJP. His family members said that Babar was returning from his shop when he chanted 'Jai Shri Ram' and was attacked by some local Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a></li> <li>On 15 April 2023, while <a href="/wiki/Atiq_Ahmed" title="Atiq Ahmed">Atiq Ahmed</a> was being escorted for a court-mandated medical checkup in <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a>, a pistol was fired at Ahmed and his brother's head. Both Atiq and his brother Ashraf Ahmed were killed in the shootout, which was filmed and broadcast live. After shooting attackers started chanting 'Jai Shri Ram' as they were being apprehended.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a></li> <li>On June 24, 2023, in <a href="/wiki/Pulwama" title="Pulwama">Pulwama</a>, South Kashmir, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> personnel stormed a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> and allegedly forced worshippers to chant <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jai Shri Ram</a> and bharat mata ke jai.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a>Similarly, on November 24, 2024, <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_Muslims" title="Kashmiri Muslims">Kashmiri</a> shawl sellers in <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> reported being harassed and forced to chant <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a> slogans, including <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jai Shri Ram.</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a></li></ul> There have been some reports of violent incidents being associated with the slogan, in which the allegations were later found to be false.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> In June 2019, a group of 49 artists, academics and intellectuals wrote a letter to <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, requesting him to put a stop "to the name of Ram being defiled" as a war cry. They demanded that strict action be taken against using the slogan for violent purposes.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> In June 2019, the slogan was used to heckle Muslim <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of parliament (India)">MPs</a> as they proceeded to take their oath in the <a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th Lok Sabha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> In July that year, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel laureate">Nobel laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a> stated in a speech that the slogan was "not associated with the Bengali culture",<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> leading to some unknown groups publishing his statement on billboards in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NDTVPostersSen19-86">[85]</a> The slogan has also been used to heckle <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister">Chief Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Mamata Banerjee</a> on multiple occasions, triggering angry reactions from her.<a href="#cite_note-NDTVPostersSen19-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-TRT_World_2019-47">[46]</a> The slogan was used by lawyers to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/2019_Supreme_Court_verdict_on_Ayodhya_dispute" title="2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute">2019 Supreme Court decision</a> to allow a Ram temple to be built on the disputed Ayodhya site where a mob had demolished the Babri Masjid mosque in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> In August 2020, following the ground-breaking ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Ram_Temple,_Ayodhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Temple, Ayodhya">Ram Temple, Ayodhya</a>, the slogan was used as a chant in celebrations in New York.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kabir_Khan_at_IFFI_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kabir_Khan_at_IFFI_2022.jpg/220px-Kabir_Khan_at_IFFI_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kabir_Khan_at_IFFI_2022.jpg/330px-Kabir_Khan_at_IFFI_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kabir_Khan_at_IFFI_2022.jpg/440px-Kabir_Khan_at_IFFI_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1821" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kabir_Khan_(director)" title="Kabir Khan (director)">Kabir Khan</a> used the phrase in his 2015 film <a href="/wiki/Bajrangi_Bhaijaan" title="Bajrangi Bhaijaan">Bajrangi Bhaijaan</a> as a greeting</figcaption></figure> The slogan is painted on the walls of a mandir<a href="#cite_note-90">[b]</a> in a house in the 1994 film <a href="/wiki/Hum_Aapke_Hain_Koun..!" title="Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!">Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> It is used as a salutation in the 2015 film <a href="/wiki/Bajrangi_Bhaijaan" title="Bajrangi Bhaijaan">Bajrangi Bhaijaan</a>. The director states that he grew up hearing "Jai Shri Ram" as a benevolent expression, "rooted in our culture", but that the words have become aggressive.<a href="#cite_note-IE_assertive-29">[28]</a> A 2017 <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhojpuri film">Bhojpuri film</a>, Pakistan Me Jai Shri Ram depicts the hero as a devotee of Ram who enters Pakistan and kills terrorists while chanting the slogan.<a href="#cite_note-QuintWarCry19-45">[44]</a> Stickers stating Hello nahīṃ, bolo Jaya Śrī Rāma (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> "Don't say hello but say Victory to Rama") became popular on the vehicles and telephones of people running small businesses.<a href="#cite_note-WomenOnMarch95-39">[38]</a> A 2018 song, "Hindu Blood Hit", features <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">psychedelic</a> repetitions of the slogan and goes on to warn Indian Muslims that their time is up.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> Another song from 2017, "Jai Shree Ram DJ Vicky Mix", hopes for a time in the future in which "there will continue to be a Kashmir but no Pakistan".<a href="#cite_note-FPMostPolarizing20-8">[7]</a> The song "Jai Shree Ram" is part of the film music in the 2022 action-adventure <a href="/wiki/Ram_Setu_(film)" title="Ram Setu (film)">Ram Setu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> The 2023 film <a href="/wiki/Adipurush" title="Adipurush">Adipurush</a> had a song with the same name.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> In 2022, Jujaru Nagaraju, a handloom weaver in Andhra Pradesh weaved a 60 metre long silk sari with "Jai Sri Ram" written over 30 000 times in 13 Indian languages.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deus_vult" title="Deus vult">Deus vult</a> (God wills it), Christian motto and battle cry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Shri_Krishna" title="Jai Shri Krishna">Jai Shri Krishna</a>, Sanskrit expression, translating as "Victory to <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhe_Radhe" title="Radhe Radhe">Radhe Radhe</a>, Hindi expression used as a greeting and salutation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbir</a>, the name for the Arabic phrase "Allahu Akbar", used in various contexts by Muslims and Arabs around the world</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Also known as Jai Sri Ram,<a href="#cite_note-Engineer_1992-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nussbaum_2008-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Staples_2019-3">[3]</a> Jai Shree Ram,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_chant-4">[4]</a> or Jai Shri Rama.<a href="#cite_note-Tully_2017-5">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Prayer room in this case. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Engineer_1992-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Engineer_1992_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Engineer_1992_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEngineer1992" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Asghar_Ali_Engineer" title="Asghar Ali Engineer">Engineer, Asghar Ali</a> (14 November 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4399118">"Sitamarhi on Fire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Political_Weekly" title="Economic and Political Weekly">Economic and Political Weekly</a>. 27 (46): 2462–2464. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4399118">4399118</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420051223/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4399118">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021. <q>Kalam Husain, an eyewitness told us that a mob consisting of brahmins, bhumihars, rajputs, kurmis and chamars (SC) looted and burnt all the houses of 150 Muslims belonging to 36 families living in Ashogi. They were shouting slogan 'Jai Sri Ram'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Sitamarhi+on+Fire&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=2462-2464&rft.date=1992-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4399118%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-9976&rft.aulast=Engineer&rft.aufirst=Asghar+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4399118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nussbaum_2008-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nussbaum_2008_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nussbaum_2008_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2008" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum, Martha C.</a> (18 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236565">"The Clash Within: Democracy and the Hindu Right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Human_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Human Development">Journal of Human Development</a>. 9 (3). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 357–375. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14649880802236565">10.1080/14649880802236565</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1464-9888">1464-9888</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144724807">144724807</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420051218/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649880802236565">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021. <q>In the days that followed, wave upon wave of violence swept through the state. The attackers were Hindus, many of them highly politicized, shouting Hindu-right slogans, such as 'Jai Sri Ram' (a religious invocation wrenched from its original devotional and peaceful meaning) and 'Jai Sri Hanuman' (a monkey god portrayed by the right as aggressive), along with 'Kill, Destroy!', 'Slaughter!'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Development&rft.atitle=The+Clash+Within%3A+Democracy+and+the+Hindu+Right&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=357-375&rft.date=2008-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144724807%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1464-9888&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14649880802236565&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Martha+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F14649880802236565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Staples_2019-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Staples_2019_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staples_2019_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaples2019" class="citation journal cs1">Staples, James (7 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00856401.2019.1669951">"Blurring Bovine Boundaries: Cow Politics and the Everyday in South India"</a>. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 42 (6). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 1125–1140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00856401.2019.1669951">10.1080/00856401.2019.1669951</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0085-6401">0085-6401</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:210542995">210542995</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207133506/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00856401.2019.1669951">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021. <q>The vigilantes had seized more than Rs30,000 worth of beef and contaminated it with phenyl. They also beat up the driver, threw him face down into the Musi river, and forced him to chant 'Jai Sri Ram! (Victory to [the Hindu deity] Ram!)' before finally letting him go.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Asia%3A+Journal+of+South+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Blurring+Bovine+Boundaries%3A+Cow+Politics+and+the+Everyday+in+South+India&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1125-1140&rft.date=2019-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A210542995%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0085-6401&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00856401.2019.1669951&rft.aulast=Staples&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F00856401.2019.1669951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_chant-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_chant_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_chant_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48882053">"The Hindu chant that became a murder cry"</a>. BBC News. 10 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807210449/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48882053">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Hindu+chant+that+became+a+murder+cry&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-48882053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tully_2017-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tully_2017_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tully_2017_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTully2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Tully" title="Mark Tully">Tully, Mark</a> (22 November 2017). "The Reinvention of Rama". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AmgQ3mcKL9wC">India In Slow Motion</a>. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-097-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-097-5"><bdi>978-93-5118-097-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515192452/https://books.google.com/books?id=AmgQ3mcKL9wC">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Reinvention+of+Rama&rft.btitle=India+In+Slow+Motion&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+India+Private+Limited&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft.isbn=978-93-5118-097-5&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAmgQ3mcKL9wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCMurderCry19-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCMurderCry19_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCMurderCry19_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCMurderCry19_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48882053">"The Hindu chant that became a murder cry"</a>. BBC News. 10 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807210449/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48882053">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Hindu+chant+that+became+a+murder+cry&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-48882053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FPMostPolarizing20-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FPMostPolarizing20_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FPMostPolarizing20_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoonam2020" class="citation news cs1">Poonam, Snigdha (13 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/02/13/jai-shri-ram-india-hindi/">"The 3 Most Polarizing Words in India"</a>. Foreign Policy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175319/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/02/13/jai-shri-ram-india-hindi/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+3+Most+Polarizing+Words+in+India&rft.date=2020-02-13&rft.aulast=Poonam&rft.aufirst=Snigdha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2020%2F02%2F13%2Fjai-shri-ram-india-hindi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamachandran2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ramachandran, Tanisha (1 March 2014). "A call to multiple arms! protesting the commoditization of hindu imagery in western society". Material Religion. 10 (1): 54–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175183414X13909887177547">10.2752/175183414X13909887177547</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1743-2200">1743-2200</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198533567">198533567</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Material+Religion&rft.atitle=A+call+to+multiple+arms%21+protesting+the+commoditization+of+hindu+imagery+in+western+society&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=54-75&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198533567%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1743-2200&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F175183414X13909887177547&rft.aulast=Ramachandran&rft.aufirst=Tanisha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Modi's party will grow stronger in West Bengal". Emerald Expert Briefings. 20 August 2019. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2FOXAN-DB245910">10.1108/OXAN-DB245910</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2633-304X">2633-304X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241847468">241847468</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerald+Expert+Briefings&rft.atitle=Modi%27s+party+will+grow+stronger+in+West+Bengal&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A241847468%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2633-304X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2FOXAN-DB245910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDasgupta2006" class="citation journal cs1">Dasgupta, Amlan (2006). Bakhle, Janaki (ed.). "Rhythm and Rivalry". Economic and Political Weekly. 41 (36): 3861–3863. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418675">4418675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Rhythm+and+Rivalry&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=3861-3863&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4418675%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-9976&rft.aulast=Dasgupta&rft.aufirst=Amlan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/religion-india-violence-hindu-muslim-bf516bc2fbc0834c5822901f46c5d716">"In India, hate-filled songs are a weapon to target Muslims"</a>. AP News. 22 April 2022. <q>Similar songs that called for Hindus to kill those who do not chant "Jai Shri Ram!" or "Hail Lord Ram," a slogan that has become a battle cry for Hindu nationalists...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=In+India%2C+hate-filled+songs+are+a+weapon+to+target+Muslims&rft.date=2022-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Freligion-india-violence-hindu-muslim-bf516bc2fbc0834c5822901f46c5d716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaffrelot2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a> (4 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/4127/1/hpsacp17.pdf">"Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?"</a> (PDF). Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics (17). <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">Heidelberg University</a>: 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11588%2Fheidok.00004127">10.11588/heidok.00004127</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1617-5069">1617-5069</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204131058/http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/4127/1/hpsacp17.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2021. <q>They chanted Hindu nationalist songs and slogans throughout the entire voyage, all the while harassing Muslim passengers. One family was even made to get off the train for refusing to utter the kar sevaks' war cry: "Jai Shri Ram!" (Glory to Lord Ram!). More abuse occurred at the stop in Godhra: a Muslim shopkeeper was also ordered to shout "Jai Shri Ram!" He refused, and was assaulted until the kar sevaks turned on a Muslim woman with her two daughters.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heidelberg+Papers+in+South+Asian+and+Comparative+Politics&rft.atitle=Communal+Riots+in+Gujarat%3A+The+State+at+Risk%3F&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2003-01-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11588%2Fheidok.00004127&rft.issn=1617-5069&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fvolltextserver%2F4127%2F1%2Fhpsacp17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreman1993" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Breman" title="Jan Breman">Breman, Jan</a> (17 April 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4399608">"Anti-Muslim Pogrom in Surat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Political_Weekly" title="Economic and Political Weekly">Economic and Political Weekly</a>. 28 (16): 737–741. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4399608">4399608</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420051217/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4399608">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021. <q>Through a hole in the wall he had seen how adults and children were beaten and kicked to death. The hunters forced their catch to shout 'Jai Shri Ram'. "I can't hear you. Louder, say it louder...". "Oh, merciful Allah, Jai Shri Ram". And then came the last kick, final cut or was the body, soaked with petrol, set alight.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Anti-Muslim+Pogrom+in+Surat&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=737-741&rft.date=1993-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4399608%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-9976&rft.aulast=Breman&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4399608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nivedita_Menon" title="Nivedita Menon">Menon, Nivedita</a> (6–12 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4412315">"Surviving Gujarat 2002"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Political_Weekly" title="Economic and Political Weekly">Economic and Political Weekly</a>. 37 (27): 2676–2678. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4412315">4412315</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420051220/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4412315">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021. <q>The taunts about circumcision, the desecration of Qurans and mosques, the demolition of dargahs, the forced shouting of 'Jai Shri Ram' before being cut into pieces.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Surviving+Gujarat+2002&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=2676-2678&rft.date=2002-07-06%2F2002-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4412315%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-9976&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Nivedita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4412315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarkar_1999-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sarkar_1999_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sarkar_1999_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sumit_Sarkar" title="Sumit Sarkar">Sarkar, Sumit</a> (26 June – 2 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4408131">"Conversions and Politics of Hindu Right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Political_Weekly" title="Economic and Political Weekly">Economic and Political Weekly</a>. 34 (26): 1691–1700. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4408131">4408131</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515192452/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4408131">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021. <q>And then in the last week of January 1999 came the burning alive at Monoharpur, Orissa, once again amidst slogans of 'Jai Shri Ram', of the Australian missionary doctor Staines and two of his children.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Conversions+and+Politics+of+Hindu+Right&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=1691-1700&rft.date=1999-06-26%2F1999-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4408131%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-9976&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Sumit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4408131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar1993" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sumit_Sarkar" title="Sumit Sarkar">Sarkar, Sumit</a> (30 January 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/29192016">"The Fascism of the Sangh Parivar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Political_Weekly" title="Economic and Political Weekly">Economic and Political Weekly</a>. 28 (5): 163–167. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4399339">4399339</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207133506/https://www.academia.edu/29192016">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a>. <q>The Bajrang Dal thugs often openly declare that anyone who criticises the destruction of the Babri Masjid will have to go to Pakistan, while in the selectively curfew-bound Muslim pockets of Seelampur in east Delhi, the police had rounded up all Muslim men in some areas, beaten them up unless they agreed to say Jai Shri Ram, and even pulled out the beard of a Muslim gentleman.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Fascism+of+the+Sangh+Parivar&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=163-167&rft.date=1993-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4399339%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-9976&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Sumit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F29192016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudden1996" class="citation book cs1">Ludden, David (April 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jEUdPqYQjhoC">Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>. p. 259. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-1585-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-1585-4"><bdi>978-0-8122-1585-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801211800/https://books.google.com/books?id=jEUdPqYQjhoC">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>In the anti-Muslim riots in Surat and Bombay after December 6, 1992, the victims were forced to utter Jai Shri Ram ("Hail to Lord Rama") before they were killed or raped (Engineer 1993, 263; S. Chandra 1993a, 1883).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contesting+the+Nation%3A+Religion%2C+Community%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Democracy+in+India&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1996-04&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-1585-4&rft.aulast=Ludden&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjEUdPqYQjhoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRambachan2017" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anantanand_Rambachan" title="Anantanand Rambachan">Rambachan, Anantanand</a> (20 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/655703/summary">"The Coexistence of Violence and Nonviolence in Hinduism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Ecumenical_Studies" title="Journal of Ecumenical Studies">Journal of Ecumenical Studies</a>. 52 (1). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>: 96–104. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fecu.2017.0001">10.1353/ecu.2017.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2162-3937">2162-3937</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151615231">151615231</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211204120536/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/655703/summary">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021. <q>In light of Gandhi's significance, many were surprised and bewildered when, on December 6, 1992, thousands of Hindu volunteers broke through police cordons and demolished the Babri mosque in the holy city of Ayodhya in North India. Many were armed with tridents, the traditional iconographic weapon of Shiva and were led by Hindu holy men chanting "Jai Shri Ram" (Victory to Ram).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecumenical+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Coexistence+of+Violence+and+Nonviolence+in+Hinduism&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=96-104&rft.date=2017-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151615231%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2162-3937&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fecu.2017.0001&rft.aulast=Rambachan&rft.aufirst=Anantanand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F655703%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGudipaty2017" class="citation cs2">Gudipaty, Nagamallika (2017), "Television, Political Imagery, and Elections in India", in Ngwainmbi, Emmanuel K. (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IHk2DwAAQBAJ">Citizenship, Democracies, and Media Engagement among Emerging Economies and Marginalized Communities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springer_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer International">Springer International</a>, pp. 117–145, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-56215-5_6">10.1007/978-3-319-56215-5_6</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-56215-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-56215-5"><bdi>978-3-319-56215-5</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004074616/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Citizenship_Democracies_and_Media_Engage/IHk2DwAAQBAJ">archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2022, retrieved 16 February 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, <q>Women were raped and then burned alive; men were made to shout "Jai Shri Ram" and then cut to pieces; children were not spared. According to records later submitted in court, Jafri was stripped and paraded naked before the attackers cut off his fingers and legs and dragged his body into a burning pyre.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Television%2C+Political+Imagery%2C+and+Elections+in+India&rft.btitle=Citizenship%2C+Democracies%2C+and+Media+Engagement+among+Emerging+Economies+and+Marginalized+Communities&rft.pages=117-145&rft.pub=Springer+International&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-56215-5_6&rft.isbn=978-3-319-56215-5&rft.aulast=Gudipaty&rft.aufirst=Nagamallika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIHk2DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhassem-Fachandi2009" class="citation book cs1">Ghassem-Fachandi, Parvis (1 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/violence-ethnographic-encounters/ch2-in-ahmedabad">"Bandh in Ahmedabad"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=scevAwAAQBAJ">Violence: Ethnographic Encounters</a>. <a href="/wiki/Berg_Publishers" title="Berg Publishers">Berg</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84788-418-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84788-418-3"><bdi>978-1-84788-418-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114192242/https://books.google.com/books?id=scevAwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021. <q>If mobs successfully entered Muslim compounds, they killed the men, raped the women before killing them and burned the residences to the ground. Surviving eyewitnesses have reported widely that Muslim victims were made to speak Jai Shri Ram ("Hail Lord Ram") and Vande Mataram ("Hail to the Mother") before being killed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bandh+in+Ahmedabad&rft.btitle=Violence%3A+Ethnographic+Encounters&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.isbn=978-1-84788-418-3&rft.aulast=Ghassem-Fachandi&rft.aufirst=Parvis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsburycollections.com%2Fbook%2Fviolence-ethnographic-encounters%2Fch2-in-ahmedabad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalam2019" class="citation news cs1">Salam, Ziya Us (16 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article28758718.ece">""Jai Shri Ram": The new battle cry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frontline_(magazine)" title="Frontline (magazine)">Frontline</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123163105/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article28758718.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021. <q>Unlike his first innings, when the cow was used as a political animal to lynch unarmed Muslim and Dalit men, this time Muslim, Dalit and even Christian men have been assaulted and forced to chant "Jai Shri Ram". From Jharkhand to Assam, from Mumbai to Delhi, neither small-town India nor the big metropolises are safe from these lynch mobs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=%22Jai+Shri+Ram%22%3A+The+new+battle+cry&rft.date=2019-08-16&rft.aulast=Salam&rft.aufirst=Ziya+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fthe-nation%2Farticle28758718.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scroll800Yrs19-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scroll800Yrs19_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scroll800Yrs19_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scroll800Yrs19_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scroll800Yrs19_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scroll800Yrs19_23-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniyal2019" class="citation news cs1">Daniyal, Shoaib (28 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/928508/from-ayodhya-to-parliament-a-very-short-history-of-jai-shri-ram">"'Jai Shri Ram' might be a new slogan – but the use of Ram as a political symbol is 800 years old"</a>. Scroll.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725063709/https://scroll.in/article/928508/from-ayodhya-to-parliament-a-very-short-history-of-jai-shri-ram">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=%27Jai+Shri+Ram%27+might+be+a+new+slogan+%E2%80%93+but+the+use+of+Ram+as+a+political+symbol+is+800+years+old&rft.date=2019-06-28&rft.aulast=Daniyal&rft.aufirst=Shoaib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F928508%2Ffrom-ayodhya-to-parliament-a-very-short-history-of-jai-shri-ram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyti.ms/3Swyycb">"Tensions That Roiled English City Have Roots in India"</a>. nytimes com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004074611/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/02/world/europe/leicester-violence-uk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nytimes+com&rft.atitle=Tensions+That+Roiled+English+City+Have+Roots+in+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyti.ms%2F3Swyycb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> "[On 17 September 2022] more than 300 people gathered for an unplanned demonstration [in Leicester, England] ... Some chanted, 'Jai Shri Ram'" </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-Engineer_1992-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nussbaum_2008-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Staples_2019-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sarkar_1999-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Scroll800Yrs19-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTulasīdāsa1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulasīdāsa</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VV7leonJ8aQC&pg=PA871">Sri Ramacaritamanasa</a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/R._C._Prakash" title="R. C. Prakash">Prasad, RC</a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 871–872. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0762-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0762-4"><bdi>978-81-208-0762-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sri+Ramacaritamanasa&rft.pages=871-872&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0762-4&rft.au=Tulas%C4%ABd%C4%81sa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVV7leonJ8aQC%26pg%3DPA871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1958" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Wilson" title="H. H. Wilson">Wilson, H. H.</a> (1958) [1861], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5320/page/n35">Religious sects of the Hindus</a> (Second ed.), Calcutta: Susil Gupta (India) Private Ltd. – via archive.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+sects+of+the+Hindus&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Susil+Gupta+%28India%29+Private+Ltd.&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=H.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.csl.5320%2Fpage%2Fn35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMOLESWORTH1857" class="citation book cs1">MOLESWORTH, James T. (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EZpeAAAAcAAJ&dq=%22%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%22&pg=PA308">A Dictionary English and Maráthí ... commenced by J. T. Molesworth ... completed by T. Candy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+English+and+Mar%C3%A1th%C3%AD+...+commenced+by+J.+T.+Molesworth+...+completed+by+T.+Candy&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=MOLESWORTH&rft.aufirst=James+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEZpeAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3D%2522%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AE%2522%26pg%3DPA308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IE_assertive-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IE_assertive_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IE_assertive_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnial2020" class="citation news cs1">Onial, Devyani (6 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/from-assertive-jai-shri-ram-a-reason-to-move-to-gentler-jai-siya-ram-6541467/">"From assertive 'Jai Shri Ram', a reason to move to gentler 'Jai Siya Ram'"</a>. The Indian Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807000931/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/from-assertive-jai-shri-ram-a-reason-to-move-to-gentler-jai-siya-ram-6541467/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=From+assertive+%27Jai+Shri+Ram%27%2C+a+reason+to+move+to+gentler+%27Jai+Siya+Ram%27&rft.date=2020-08-06&rft.aulast=Onial&rft.aufirst=Devyani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fexplained%2Ffrom-assertive-jai-shri-ram-a-reason-to-move-to-gentler-jai-siya-ram-6541467%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PrintErasedSita19-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PrintErasedSita19_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PrintErasedSita19_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanjiar2019" class="citation news cs1">Panjiar, Prashant (19 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/opinion/ram-ram-chhodo-jai-shri-ram-bolo-how-ayodhya-erased-sita/307163/">"From Jai Siya Ram to Jai Shri Ram: How Ayodhya erased Sita"</a>. ThePrint. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808220258/https://theprint.in/opinion/ram-ram-chhodo-jai-shri-ram-bolo-how-ayodhya-erased-sita/307163/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=From+Jai+Siya+Ram+to+Jai+Shri+Ram%3A+How+Ayodhya+erased+Sita&rft.date=2019-10-19&rft.aulast=Panjiar&rft.aufirst=Prashant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fopinion%2Fram-ram-chhodo-jai-shri-ram-bolo-how-ayodhya-erased-sita%2F307163%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollock1993" class="citation journal cs1">Pollock, Sheldon (1993). "Ramayana and Political Imagination in India". The Journal of Asian Studies. 52 (2): 261–297. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2059648">10.2307/2059648</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9118">0021-9118</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2059648">2059648</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154215656">154215656</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Ramayana+and+Political+Imagination+in+India&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=261-297&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=0021-9118&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154215656%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2059648%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2059648&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2018" class="citation news cs1">Menon, Dilip M. (16 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/856271/not-just-indentured-labourers-why-we-should-revisit-the-history-of-migration-from-pre-1947-india">"Not just indentured labourers: Why India needs to revisit its pre-1947 history of migration"</a>. Scroll.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200829075426/https://scroll.in/article/856271/not-just-indentured-labourers-why-we-should-revisit-the-history-of-migration-from-pre-1947-india">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=Not+just+indentured+labourers%3A+Why+India+needs+to+revisit+its+pre-1947+history+of+migration&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Dilip+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F856271%2Fnot-just-indentured-labourers-why-we-should-revisit-the-history-of-migration-from-pre-1947-india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutgendorf1991" class="citation book cs1">Lutgendorf, Philip (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=19zvfkwXyzUC&q=salaam+sita+ram+ramchandra+social+superior&pg=PA376">"The Text in a Changing Society"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=19zvfkwXyzUC">The Life of a Text: Performing the Rāmcaritmānas of Tulsidas</a>. University of California Press. p. 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06690-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06690-8"><bdi>978-0-520-06690-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806210015/https://books.google.com/books?id=19zvfkwXyzUC">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Text+in+a+Changing+Society&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+a+Text%3A+Performing+the+R%C4%81mcaritm%C4%81nas+of+Tulsidas&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-520-06690-8&rft.aulast=Lutgendorf&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D19zvfkwXyzUC%26q%3Dsalaam%2Bsita%2Bram%2Bramchandra%2Bsocial%2Bsuperior%26pg%3DPA376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-India_Today-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-India_Today_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-India_Today_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutta2019" class="citation news cs1">Dutta, Prabash K. (13 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jai-shri-ram-a-slogan-that-changed-political-contours-of-india-1568051-2019-07-13">"Jai Shri Ram: A slogan that changed political contours of India"</a>. India Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218173608/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jai-shri-ram-a-slogan-that-changed-political-contours-of-india-1568051-2019-07-13">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Jai+Shri+Ram%3A+A+slogan+that+changed+political+contours+of+India&rft.date=2019-07-13&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=Prabash+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Findia%2Fstory%2Fjai-shri-ram-a-slogan-that-changed-political-contours-of-india-1568051-2019-07-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTully1992" class="citation cs2">Tully, Mark (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QUyx_nvsEncC">No Full Stops in India</a>, Penguin Books Limited, p. 131, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-192775-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-192775-6"><bdi>978-0-14-192775-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Full+Stops+in+India&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-14-192775-6&rft.aulast=Tully&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQUyx_nvsEncC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Panjiar-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Panjiar_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Panjiar_36-1">b</a> Prashant Panjiar, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/opinion/ram-ram-chhodo-jai-shri-ram-bolo-how-ayodhya-erased-sita/307163/">From Jai Siya Ram to Jai Shri Ram: How Ayodhya erased Sita</a>, ThePrint, 19 October 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabriel2005" class="citation cs2">Gabriel, Karen (2005), "Communities and theri Others", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b-BkAAAAMAAJ">Imaging a Nation: The Sexual Economies of the Contemporary Mainstream Bombay Cinema (1970-2000).</a>, Shaker Publishing, p. 327, note 58: "It is important to remember that it was during L.K. Advani's rath yatra of 1989 that the customary invocation Jai Siya Ram (which first invoked Siya or Sita) was substituted with the exclusive Jai Shri Ram. See Kapur in Pandey (ed) 1993.", <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-423-0266-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-423-0266-2"><bdi>978-90-423-0266-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Communities+and+theri+Others&rft.btitle=Imaging+a+Nation%3A+The+Sexual+Economies+of+the+Contemporary+Mainstream+Bombay+Cinema+%281970-2000%29.&rft.pages=p.+327%2C+note+58%3A+%22It+is+important+to+remember+that+it+was+during+L.K.+Advani%27s+rath+yatra+of+1989+that+the+customary+invocation+%27%27Jai+Siya+Ram%27%27+%28which+first+invoked+Siya+or+Sita%29+was+substituted+with+the+exclusive+Jai+Shri+Ram.+See+Kapur+in+Pandey+%28ed%29+1993.%22&rft.pub=Shaker+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-423-0266-2&rft.aulast=Gabriel&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db-BkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaqvi2019" class="citation news cs1">Naqvi, Saba (30 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/column/from-siya-ram-to-jai-shri-ram-794966">"From Siya Ram to Jai Shri Ram"</a>. The Tribune. India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214024320/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/column/from-siya-ram-to-jai-shri-ram-794966">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=From+Siya+Ram+to+Jai+Shri+Ram&rft.date=2019-06-30&rft.aulast=Naqvi&rft.aufirst=Saba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Farchive%2Fcolumn%2Ffrom-siya-ram-to-jai-shri-ram-794966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WomenOnMarch95-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WomenOnMarch95_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WomenOnMarch95_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazumdar1995" class="citation journal cs1">Mazumdar, Sucheta (1995). "Women on the March: Right-Wing Mobilization in Contemporary India". Feminist Review (49): 10, 14, 26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1395323">10.2307/1395323</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0141-7789">0141-7789</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1395323">1395323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Review&rft.atitle=Women+on+the+March%3A+Right-Wing+Mobilization+in+Contemporary+India&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=10%2C+14%2C+26&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0141-7789&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1395323%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1395323&rft.aulast=Mazumdar&rft.aufirst=Sucheta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhimireAwasthi1992" class="citation news cs1">Ghimire, Yubaraj; Awasthi, Dilip (15 August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19920815-ayodhya-controversy-becames-bjps-most-effective-battering-ram-during-two-successive-polls-766715-2013-01-04">"Ayodhya controversy becames [sic] BJP's most effective battering ram during two successive polls"</a>. India Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210804102004/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19920815-ayodhya-controversy-becames-bjps-most-effective-battering-ram-during-two-successive-polls-766715-2013-01-04">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Ayodhya+controversy+becames%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+BJP%27s+most+effective+battering+ram+during+two+successive+polls&rft.date=1992-08-15&rft.aulast=Ghimire&rft.aufirst=Yubaraj&rft.au=Awasthi%2C+Dilip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fcover-story%2Fstory%2F19920815-ayodhya-controversy-becames-bjps-most-effective-battering-ram-during-two-successive-polls-766715-2013-01-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJain2007pp._320–321:_"..._a_figure_that_began_to_appear_in_Indian_bazaar_prints_in_the_late_1980s_in_confluence_with_the_Hindu_nationalist_Ramjanmabhumi_movement:_that_of_the_god_Ram_as_a_muscular,_aggressive,_dynamic_warrior."-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJain2007pp._320–321:_"..._a_figure_that_began_to_appear_in_Indian_bazaar_prints_in_the_late_1980s_in_confluence_with_the_Hindu_nationalist_Ramjanmabhumi_movement:_that_of_the_god_Ram_as_a_muscular,_aggressive,_dynamic_warrior."_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJain2007">Jain 2007</a>, pp. 320–321: "... a figure that began to appear in Indian bazaar prints in the late 1980s in confluence with the Hindu nationalist Ramjanmabhumi movement: that of the god Ram as a muscular, aggressive, dynamic warrior.". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinney2004p._204:_"The_angry_Rama_image,_for_instance,_was_first_produced_by_the_Vishva_Hindu_Parishad_in_the_late_1980s_and,_following_the_publication_by_S._S._Brijbasi_of_a_commissioned_copy_by_the_Bombay_artist_Ved_Prakash_and_then_by_Rajan_Musle,_several_other_companies_produced_similar_images."-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinney2004p._204:_"The_angry_Rama_image,_for_instance,_was_first_produced_by_the_Vishva_Hindu_Parishad_in_the_late_1980s_and,_following_the_publication_by_S._S._Brijbasi_of_a_commissioned_copy_by_the_Bombay_artist_Ved_Prakash_and_then_by_Rajan_Musle,_several_other_companies_produced_similar_images."_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPinney2004">Pinney 2004</a>, p. 204: "The angry Rama image, for instance, was first produced by the Vishva Hindu Parishad in the late 1980s and, following the publication by S. S. Brijbasi of a commissioned copy by the Bombay artist Ved Prakash and then by Rajan Musle, several other companies produced similar images.". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinney2004p._204-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinney2004p._204_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPinney2004">Pinney 2004</a>, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJain2007p._321,_figure_138.-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJain2007p._321,_figure_138._44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJain2007">Jain 2007</a>, p. 321, figure 138.. </li> <li id="cite_note-QuintWarCry19-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QuintWarCry19_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuintWarCry19_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2019" class="citation news cs1">Menon, Aditya (28 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/jai-shri-ram-slogans-anti-muslim-lynchings-in-india">"Jai Shri Ram: How a Chant Became A War Cry for Attacking Muslims"</a>. TheQuint. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629153706/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/jai-shri-ram-slogans-anti-muslim-lynchings-in-india">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2019. 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Retrieved 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Rahul+Gandhi+says+BJP%27s+slogan+is+%27Jai+Shri+Ram%27+and+not+%27Jai+Siya+Ram%27+because...&rft.date=2022-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Frahul-gandhi-says-bjp-s-slogan-is-jai-shri-ram-and-not-jai-siya-ram-because-101670025444033.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rahul-gandhi-attacks-bjp-over-jai-shri-ram-party-takes-dig-at-his-limited-knowledge/articleshow/95986860.cms">"Rahul Gandhi attacks BJP over 'Jai Shri Ram', party takes dig at his 'limited knowledge'"</a>. The Times of India. 5 December 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257">0971-8257</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318125158/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rahul-gandhi-attacks-bjp-over-jai-shri-ram-party-takes-dig-at-his-limited-knowledge/articleshow/95986860.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Rahul+Gandhi+attacks+BJP+over+%27Jai+Shri+Ram%27%2C+party+takes+dig+at+his+%27limited+knowledge%27&rft.date=2022-12-05&rft.issn=0971-8257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Frahul-gandhi-attacks-bjp-over-jai-shri-ram-party-takes-dig-at-his-limited-knowledge%2Farticleshow%2F95986860.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jai-siyaram-call-resonating-throughout-the-world-pm-narendra-modi/articleshow/77368737.cms">"'Jai Siyaram' call resonating throughout the world: PM Narendra Modi"</a>. The Times of India. 5 August 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257">0971-8257</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318125158/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jai-siyaram-call-resonating-throughout-the-world-pm-narendra-modi/articleshow/77368737.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=%27Jai+Siyaram%27+call+resonating+throughout+the+world%3A+PM+Narendra+Modi&rft.date=2020-08-05&rft.issn=0971-8257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fjai-siyaram-call-resonating-throughout-the-world-pm-narendra-modi%2Farticleshow%2F77368737.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Wire_2023-51"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Wire_2023_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJafriJafri2023" class="citation news cs1">Jafri, Apoorvanand; Jafri, Alishan (22 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewire.in/communalism/atiq-ahmed-killers-jai-shri-ram-hindutva">"Why Aren't Hindutva Leaders Irked by the Use of 'Jai Shri Ram' by Atiq's Killers?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(India)" title="The Wire (India)">The Wire</a>. 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University of North Bengal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Koch+coinage%3A+a+study+in+historical+perspective&rft.inst=University+of+North+Bengal&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=Debajit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fir.nbu.ac.in%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F1888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> p. 200 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShankar1992" class="citation news cs1">Shankar, Ravi (31 December 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19921231-babri-masjid-demolition-when-men-in-saffron-bandanas-struck-screaming-the-name-of-ram-767472-2013-05-21">"Babri Masjid demolition: When men in saffron bandanas struck screaming the name of Ram"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Lord+Ram+has+given+me+new+lease+of+life&rft.date=2002-03-06&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Raja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2FLord-Ram-has-given-me-new-lease-of-life%2Farticleshow%2F2900672.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPunwani2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Siddharth_Varadarajan" title="Siddharth Varadarajan">Punwani, Jyoti</a> (2002). "The Carnage at Godhra". In Varadarajan, Siddharth (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1kc9GmFWePUC">Gujarat: The Making of a Tragedy</a>. Penguin (India). pp. 46–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-302901-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-302901-4"><bdi>978-0-14-302901-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004074611/https://books.google.com/books?id=1kc9GmFWePUC&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Carnage+at+Godhra&rft.btitle=Gujarat%3A+The+Making+of+a+Tragedy&rft.pages=46-50&rft.pub=Penguin+%28India%29&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-14-302901-4&rft.aulast=Punwani&rft.aufirst=Jyoti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1kc9GmFWePUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/1397657/The-Hindu-call-to-arms.html">"The Hindu call to arms"</a>. The Telegraph. 17 June 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515192452/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/1397657/The-Hindu-call-to-arms.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+Hindu+call+to+arms&rft.date=2002-06-17&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Findia%2F1397657%2FThe-Hindu-call-to-arms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunsha2006" class="citation book cs1">Bunsha, Dionne (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cQPdGXeh31AC">Scarred: Experiments with Violence in Gujarat</a>. Penguin Books India. pp. 38–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-400076-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-400076-0"><bdi>978-0-14-400076-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515192452/https://books.google.com/books?id=cQPdGXeh31AC">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scarred%3A+Experiments+with+Violence+in+Gujarat&rft.pages=38-39&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14-400076-0&rft.aulast=Bunsha&rft.aufirst=Dionne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcQPdGXeh31AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharmaPandey2002" class="citation news cs1">Sharma, Radha; Pandey, Sanjay (1 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mob-burns-to-death-65-at-Naroda-Patia/articleshow/2473565.cms">"Mob burns to death 65 at Naroda-Patia"</a>. The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515193956/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mob-burns-to-death-65-at-Naroda-Patia/articleshow/2473565.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Mob+burns+to+death+65+at+Naroda-Patia&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Radha&rft.au=Pandey%2C+Sanjay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FMob-burns-to-death-65-at-Naroda-Patia%2Farticleshow%2F2473565.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2002" class="citation news cs1">Mukherjee, Amit (17 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shops-in-Gujarat-wear-religion-on-their-sleeve/articleshow/4095645.cms">"Shops in Gujarat wear religion on their sleeve"</a>. The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515202831/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shops-in-Gujarat-wear-religion-on-their-sleeve/articleshow/4095645.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Shops+in+Gujarat+wear+religion+on+their+sleeve&rft.date=2002-03-17&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Amit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FShops-in-Gujarat-wear-religion-on-their-sleeve%2Farticleshow%2F4095645.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/they-shouted-jai-shri-slogans-cpis-womens-association-on-thugs-involved-in-gargi-college-mass-molestation-case">"'They shouted Jai Shri Slogans': CPI's women's association on thugs involved in Gargi College 'mass molestation' case"</a>. Free Press Journal. 10 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211141819/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/they-shouted-jai-shri-slogans-cpis-womens-association-on-thugs-involved-in-gargi-college-mass-molestation-case">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Press+Journal&rft.atitle=%27They+shouted+Jai+Shri+Slogans%27%3A+CPI%27s+women%27s+association+on+thugs+involved+in+Gargi+College+%27mass+molestation%27+case&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freepressjournal.in%2Findia%2Fthey-shouted-jai-shri-slogans-cpis-womens-association-on-thugs-involved-in-gargi-college-mass-molestation-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5794354/delhi-riots-muslims-india/">"What's Next for India's Muslims After Delhi Riots?"</a>. Time. 3 March 2020. <q>Whenever a building went up in flames, mobs responded with loud chants of "Jai Shri Ram" ("Victory to Lord Ram" — a deity who has become an icon to Hindu nationalists).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=What%27s+Next+for+India%27s+Muslims+After+Delhi+Riots%3F&rft.date=2020-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5794354%2Fdelhi-riots-muslims-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaaliqSharma2020" class="citation web cs1">Saaliq, Sheikh; Sharma, Ashok (26 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200310213906/https://time.com/5790831/india-hindu-muslim-clashes-trump-modi/">"Communal Violence Over India's Citizenship Law Leaves 20 Dead Amid Trump's Visit"</a>. Time. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5790831/india-hindu-muslim-clashes-trump-modi/">the original</a> on 10 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Communal+Violence+Over+India%27s+Citizenship+Law+Leaves+20+Dead+Amid+Trump%27s+Visit&rft.date=2020-02-26&rft.aulast=Saaliq&rft.aufirst=Sheikh&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Ashok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5790831%2Findia-hindu-muslim-clashes-trump-modi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200229102857/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/02/25/world/asia/ap-as-trump-india-protests.html">"Death Toll Rises to 24 From Delhi Riots During Trump Trip"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/02/25/world/asia/ap-as-trump-india-protests.html">the original</a> on 29 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Death+Toll+Rises+to+24+From+Delhi+Riots+During+Trump+Trip&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2F2020%2F02%2F25%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fap-as-trump-india-protests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CaravanCops_Shouted20-68"><a href="#cite_ref-CaravanCops_Shouted20_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShroff2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Shroff, Kaushal (25 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caravanmagazine.in/conflict/delhi-violence-cops-shouted-jai-shri-ram-with-armed-hindu-mob-charged-at-muslims">"Delhi violence: Cops shouted "Jai Shri Ram" with armed Hindu mob, charged at Muslims"</a>. The Caravan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221002001918/https://caravanmagazine.in/conflict/delhi-violence-cops-shouted-jai-shri-ram-with-armed-hindu-mob-charged-at-muslims">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Caravan&rft.atitle=Delhi+violence%3A+Cops+shouted+%22Jai+Shri+Ram%22+with+armed+Hindu+mob%2C+charged+at+Muslims&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft.aulast=Shroff&rft.aufirst=Kaushal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaravanmagazine.in%2Fconflict%2Fdelhi-violence-cops-shouted-jai-shri-ram-with-armed-hindu-mob-charged-at-muslims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyyub2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rana_Ayyub" title="Rana Ayyub">Ayyub, Rana</a> (28 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5791759/narendra-modi-india-delhi-riots-violence-muslim/">"Narendra Modi Looks the Other Way as New Delhi Burns"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228100053/https://time.com/5791759/narendra-modi-india-delhi-riots-violence-muslim/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Narendra+Modi+Looks+the+Other+Way+as+New+Delhi+Burns&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft.aulast=Ayyub&rft.aufirst=Rana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5791759%2Fnarendra-modi-india-delhi-riots-violence-muslim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTime2022" class="citation web cs1">Time, Pratidin (28 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pratidintime.com/top-stories/up-muslim-man-killed-for-chanting-jai-shree-ram-celebrating-bjps-victory">"UP: Muslim Man Killed For Chanting 'Jai Shree Ram', Celebrating BJP's Victory"</a>. Pratidin Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317214711/https://www.pratidintime.com/top-stories/up-muslim-man-killed-for-chanting-jai-shree-ram-celebrating-bjps-victory">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pratidin+Time&rft.atitle=UP%3A+Muslim+Man+Killed+For+Chanting+%27Jai+Shree+Ram%27%2C+Celebrating+BJP%27s+Victory&rft.date=2022-03-28&rft.aulast=Time&rft.aufirst=Pratidin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pratidintime.com%2Ftop-stories%2Fup-muslim-man-killed-for-chanting-jai-shree-ram-celebrating-bjps-victory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/muslim-man-lynched-in-uttar-pradesh-for-celebrating-bjps-win-chanting-jai-shri-ram-565478.html">"Muslim Man Lynched In Uttar Pradesh For Celebrating BJP's Victory, Chanting 'Jai Shri Ram'"</a>. IndiaTimes. 28 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317214703/https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/muslim-man-lynched-in-uttar-pradesh-for-celebrating-bjps-win-chanting-jai-shri-ram-565478.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2023. 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Scroll.in. 9 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112003311/https://scroll.in/video/943174/watch-following-ayodhya-verdict-lawyers-at-the-supreme-court-chant-jai-shri-ram">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=Watch%3A+Supreme+Court+lawyers+chant+%27Jai+Shri+Ram%27+after+Ayodhya+verdict&rft.date=2019-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Fvideo%2F943174%2Fwatch-following-ayodhya-verdict-lawyers-at-the-supreme-court-chant-jai-shri-ram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/bhajans-jai-shri-ram-chants-at-times-square-to-celebrate-bhoomi-poojan-at-ayodhya/story-4m58y9SU3S5uYSpWqlWlhP.html">"Bhajans, Jai Shri Ram chants at Times Square to celebrate 'bhoomi poojan' at Ayodhya"</a>. Hindustan Times. Asian News International. 6 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807125152/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/bhajans-jai-shri-ram-chants-at-times-square-to-celebrate-bhoomi-poojan-at-ayodhya/story-4m58y9SU3S5uYSpWqlWlhP.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Bhajans%2C+Jai+Shri+Ram+chants+at+Times+Square+to+celebrate+%27bhoomi+poojan%27+at+Ayodhya&rft.date=2020-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fworld-news%2Fbhajans-jai-shri-ram-chants-at-times-square-to-celebrate-bhoomi-poojan-at-ayodhya%2Fstory-4m58y9SU3S5uYSpWqlWlhP.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2000" class="citation journal cs1">Ghosh, Shohini (2000). "Hum Aapke Hain Koun...!: Pluralizing Pleasures of Viewership". Social Scientist. 28 (3/4): 85. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3518192">10.2307/3518192</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0970-0293">0970-0293</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3518192">3518192</a>. <q>The characters enter and exit the house by first paying respects to the mandir whose walls are inscribed with "Jai Shri Ram"... This is undoubtedly a 'feelgood' scenario for the Sangh Parivar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Scientist&rft.atitle=Hum+Aapke+Hain+Koun...%21%3A+Pluralizing+Pleasures+of+Viewership&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=85&rft.date=2000&rft.issn=0970-0293&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3518192%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3518192&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Shohini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoonam2020" class="citation web cs1">Poonam, Snigdha (13 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/02/13/jai-shri-ram-india-hindi/">"The 3 Most Polarizing Words in India"</a>. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 24 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+3+Most+Polarizing+Words+in+India&rft.date=2020-02-13&rft.aulast=Poonam&rft.aufirst=Snigdha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2020%2F02%2F13%2Fjai-shri-ram-india-hindi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/akshay-kumar-on-ram-setu-anthem-jai-shree-ram-is-our-diwali-gift-to-the-audience/article66044503.ece">"Akshay Kumar on 'Ram Setu' anthem: 'Jai Shree Ram' is our Diwali gift to the audience"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Akshay+Kumar+on+%27Ram+Setu%27+anthem%3A+%27Jai+Shree+Ram%27+is+our+Diwali+gift+to+the+audience&rft.date=2022-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fakshay-kumar-on-ram-setu-anthem-jai-shree-ram-is-our-diwali-gift-to-the-audience%2Farticle66044503.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-releases-jai-shree-ram-anthems-lyrical-video-says-mera-chhota-sa-diwali-gift-2288367-2022-10-22">"Akshay Kumar releases Jai Shree Ram anthem's lyrical video. Says 'mera chhota sa Diwali gift'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a>. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akshay+Kumar+releases+Jai+Shree+Ram+anthem%27s+lyrical+video.+Says+%27mera+chhota+sa+Diwali+gift%27&rft.pub=India+Today&rft.date=2022-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmovies%2Fbollywood%2Fstory%2Fakshay-kumar-releases-jai-shree-ram-anthems-lyrical-video-says-mera-chhota-sa-diwali-gift-2288367-2022-10-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/adipurush-song-jai-shri-ram-prabhas-and-his-sena-are-ready-to-bring-back-sita-from-raavans-lanka-8619894/">"Adipurush song 'Jai Shri Ram' shows Prabhas leading vaanar sena to Raavan's Lanka, reveals unseen footage from film"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. 20 May 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Adipurush+song+%27Jai+Shri+Ram%27+shows+Prabhas+leading+vaanar+sena+to+Raavan%27s+Lanka%2C+reveals+unseen+footage+from+film&rft.date=2023-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fentertainment%2Fbollywood%2Fadipurush-song-jai-shri-ram-prabhas-and-his-sena-are-ready-to-bring-back-sita-from-raavans-lanka-8619894%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/andhra-loomsman-weaves-60-metre-silk-sari-jai-shri-ram-written-1938393-2022-04-16">"Andhra loomsman weaves 60-metre silk sari with Jai Shri Ram written in 13 dialects"</a>. India Today. 17 April 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Andhra+loomsman+weaves+60-metre+silk+sari+with+Jai+Shri+Ram+written+in+13+dialects&rft.date=2022-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Findia%2Fstory%2Fandhra-loomsman-weaves-60-metre-silk-sari-jai-shri-ram-written-1938393-2022-04-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJain2007" class="citation book cs1">Jain, Kajri (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B7LEXbIREjEC">Gods in the Bazaar: The Economies of Indian Calendar Art</a>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3926-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3926-7"><bdi>978-0-8223-3926-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+in+the+Bazaar%3A+The+Economies+of+Indian+Calendar+Art&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3926-7&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Kajri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB7LEXbIREjEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinney2004" class="citation book cs1">Pinney, Christopher (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8hhXq7hpzSwC&pg=PA204">'Photos of the Gods': The Printed Image and Political Struggle in India</a>. Reaktion Books. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-184-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-184-6"><bdi>978-1-86189-184-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Photos+of+the+Gods%27%3A+The+Printed+Image+and+Political+Struggle+in+India&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-86189-184-6&rft.aulast=Pinney&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8hhXq7hpzSwC%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJai+Shri+Ram" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqiXkB4dcM4">"On board The Ramayan Express, there are bhajans, chants of Jai Shri Ram and more"</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, 2018, <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/beyond-the-burqa/jai-siya-ram-or-jai-shri-ram-india-stands-on-a-crossroads/">Jai Siya Ram or Jai Shri Ram; India stands on a crossroads</a>, 2020 opinion by Mohammed Wajihuddin, <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jai_Shri_Ram&oldid=1259469631">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jai_Shri_Ram&oldid=1259469631</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greeting_words_and_phrases_of_India" title="Category:Greeting words and phrases of India">Greeting words and phrases of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Category:Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sangh_Parivar" title="Category:Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ayodhya_dispute" title="Category:Ayodhya dispute">Ayodhya dispute</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Muslim_violence_in_India" title="Category:Anti-Muslim violence in India">Anti-Muslim violence in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chants" title="Category:Chants">Chants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slogans" title="Category:Slogans">Slogans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rama" title="Category:Rama">Rama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battle_cries" title="Category:Battle cries">Battle cries</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hindi-language_sources_(hi)" title="Category:CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)">CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">CS1 maint: url-status</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2020">Use dmy dates from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_August_2020" title="Category:Use Indian English from August 2020">Use Indian English from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 09:43 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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[\"CITEREFTime2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTulasīdāsa1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTully1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTully2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1958\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 3,\n [\"' \\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 40,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 13,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"IAST\"] = 1,\n [\"Italic title\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-protected\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Trans\"] = 4,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-744c7589dd-9sfhk","timestamp":"20241125143311","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Jai Shri Ram","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jai_Shri_Ram","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17058524","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17058524","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-10-16T03:29:48Z","dateModified":"2024-11-25T09:43:26Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/30\/Ram_in_Ayodhya.jpg","headline":"phrase meaning \"Hail Lord Rama\", often chanted in Hinduism"}</script> </body> </html>