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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Shaka" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Shaka" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giovinezza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Giovinezza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giovinezza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'ascesa_al_potere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'ascesa_al_potere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>L'ascesa al potere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'ascesa_al_potere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morte_e_successione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morte_e_successione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Morte e successione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morte_e_successione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_riforma_militare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_riforma_militare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>La riforma militare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_riforma_militare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Filmografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shaka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 91 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="शाका ज़ूलू - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="शाका ज़ूलू" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="شاكا زولو - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شاكا زولو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="شاكا زولو - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شاكا زولو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="शाका जूलू - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="शाका जूलू" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87aka" title="Çaka - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çaka" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="شاکا - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شاکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чака - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шака - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Шака Зулу - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шака Зулу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81" title="শাকা জুলু - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শাকা জুলু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aka" title="Šaka - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šaka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%96%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Σάκα Ζούλου - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σάκα Ζούλου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Caka" title="Ŝaka - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝaka" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="شاکا - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaka_(roi_zoulou)" title="Chaka (roi zoulou) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chaka (roi zoulou)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjaka_S%C3%BBl%C3%BB" title="Sjaka Sûlû - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sjaka Sûlû" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%94" title="שאקה - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שאקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="शाका ज़ूलू - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शाका ज़ूलू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saka_Zulu" title="Saka Zulu - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Saka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjaka" title="Sjaka - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjaka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC" title="シャカ・ズールー - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャカ・ズールー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шака - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шака" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EC%B9%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EC%84%BC%EC%9E%94%EA%B0%80%EC%BD%94%EB%82%98" title="샤카 카센잔가코나 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤카 카센잔가코나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - giudeo-spagnolo" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="giudeo-spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aka_Zulusas" title="Šaka Zulusas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šaka Zulusas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aka" title="Šaka - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šaka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="शाका जूलू - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="शाका जूलू" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чака - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чака" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="शाका झुलू - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शाका झुलू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_(Zulu)" title="Shaka (Zulu) - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Shaka (Zulu)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81" title="शाका जुलु - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="शाका जुलु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zoeloe" title="Shaka Zoeloe - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shaka Zoeloe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjaka" title="Sjaka - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sjaka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82" title="ਸ਼ਾਕਾ ਜ਼ੁਲੂ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਾਕਾ ਜ਼ੁਲੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czaka" title="Czaka - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czaka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чака - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="शाका जूलू - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शाका जूलू" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aka" title="Šaka - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šaka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Suulu" title="Shaka Suulu - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shaka Suulu" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Шака Зулу - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шака Зулу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - sotho del sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sotho del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81" title="சாக்கா சூலு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாக்கா சூலு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9" title="ชากาซูลู - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชากาซูลู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шака - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шака" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="شاکا - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شاکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaka" title="Chaka - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chaka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Zulu" title="Shaka Zulu - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Shaka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%B0%E5%8D%A1" title="恰卡 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="恰卡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%B0%E5%8D%A1" title="恰卡 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="恰卡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%B0%E5%8D%A1" title="恰卡 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="恰卡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Shaka" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27695#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shaka" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussione:Shaka&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa 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.sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>th{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione+.sinottico_divisione>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata+.sinottico_divisione>th{border-top:2px solid #f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione th{background-color:#eeeeee;padding:.15em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede{text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#EFEFEF}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede2{background-color:white;font-size:xx-small;padding-bottom:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_sottotitolo{font-size:80%}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del monarca o aristocratico"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="color:white; background: #B20045;">Shaka</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KingShaka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/KingShaka.jpg/222px-KingShaka.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/KingShaka.jpg/333px-KingShaka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/KingShaka.jpg/444px-KingShaka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Schizzo di Shaka attribuito a James King del <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a>, comparso in <i>Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa</i> di Nathaniel Isaac del <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r143074810" /><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#CCF; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Impero_Zulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Impero Zulu">Imperatore Zulu</a></th></tr><tr><th>In carica</th><td><a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a> –<br />22 settembre <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Dingane" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingane">Dingane</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="background:#CCF; color: black; height:3px; padding:0;">  </td></tr><tr><th>Nascita</th><td><a href="/wiki/Melmoth_(KwaZulu-Natal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melmoth (KwaZulu-Natal)">Melmoth</a>, circa <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Morte</th><td><a href="/wiki/KwaDukuza" title="KwaDukuza">Stranger</a>, 22 settembre <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Padre</th><td>Senzangakona </td></tr><tr><th>Madre</th><td>Nandi </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shaka</b>, a volte scritto anche <b>Chaka</b>, <b>Tshaka</b> o <b>Tchaka</b> (<a href="/wiki/Melmoth_(Sudafrica)" title="Melmoth (Sudafrica)">Melmoth</a>, <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a> circa – <a href="/wiki/KwaDukuza" title="KwaDukuza">Stranger</a>, <a href="/wiki/22_settembre" title="22 settembre">22 settembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>), è stato il fondatore e primo sovrano dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_Zulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Impero Zulu">Impero Zulu</a>. </p><p>Sotto la sua guida<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gli Zulu estesero il loro dominio su una grande parte dell'<a href="/wiki/Africa_meridionale" title="Africa meridionale">Africa meridionale</a> compresa fra i fiumi <a href="/wiki/Phongolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Phongolo">Phongolo</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mzimkhulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mzimkhulu (la pagina non esiste)">Mzimkhulu</a>. Alcune fonti (fra cui l'<i><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></i>) descrivono Shaka come un vero e proprio genio militare, una sorta di <a href="/wiki/Napoleone_Bonaparte" title="Napoleone Bonaparte">Napoleone</a> africano; altre fonti sono più caute, ma in generale riconoscono la sua abilità di condottiero e di imperatore, e la sua importanza nella storia dell'Africa meridionale.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris,_Donald_1965_p._17-69_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris,_Donald_1965_p._17-69-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agli effetti delle imprese militari di Shaka si riconduce tradizionalmente anche il vasto movimento migratorio avvenuto in Africa sudorientale fra il <a href="/wiki/XVIII_secolo" title="XVIII secolo">XVIII</a> e il <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">XIX secolo</a>, e noto col nome di <a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a>. Nella tarda epoca <a href="/wiki/Storia_del_colonialismo_in_Africa" title="Storia del colonialismo in Africa">coloniale</a>, la figura di Shaka è stata spesso presa come simbolo dai movimenti <a href="/wiki/Nazionalismo" title="Nazionalismo">nazionalisti</a> e <a href="/wiki/Indipendentismo" title="Indipendentismo">indipendentisti</a> africani. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Giovinezza">Giovinezza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Giovinezza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Giovinezza"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Molto di quello che si sa sulla vita di Shaka è giunto attraverso racconti e leggende, spesso discordanti fra loro. Si ritiene che fosse figlio di un capo del popolo <a href="/wiki/Nguni_(popolo)" title="Nguni (popolo)">Nguni</a> di nome <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senzangakona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senzangakona (la pagina non esiste)">Senzangakona</a> e di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nandi_(principessa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nandi (principessa) (la pagina non esiste)">Nandi</a>, figlia di un capo dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langeni (la pagina non esiste)">Langeni</a>. Il nome sembrerebbe derivare da <i>iChaka</i>, il nome <a href="/wiki/Lingua_zulu" title="Lingua zulu">zulu</a> di un <a href="/wiki/Parassitismo" title="Parassitismo">parassita</a> <a href="/wiki/Intestino" title="Intestino">intestinale</a>, e indicherebbe una condizione di figlio illegittimo di Shaka: secondo alcune fonti, la madre avrebbe inizialmente sostenuto di avere la pancia gonfia per via di tale parassita; secondo altre, il padre avrebbe attribuito a tale parassita, che provocherebbe irregolarità nel <a href="/wiki/Ciclo_mestruale" title="Ciclo mestruale">ciclo mestruale</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Concepimento" title="Concepimento">concepimento</a> inaspettato, avvenuto durante un rito zulu chiamato <i>uku-hlobonga</i>, in cui due giovani non sposati hanno un'<a href="/wiki/Rapporto_sessuale" title="Rapporto sessuale">unione sessuale</a> in un periodo non fertile. Altre fonti invece riportano Senzangakona e Nandi come regolarmente sposati. </p><p>In ogni caso, Shaka nacque intorno al <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a>, nei pressi di <a href="/wiki/Melmoth_(KwaZulu-Natal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melmoth (KwaZulu-Natal)">Melmoth</a> (oggi nella <a href="/wiki/Province_del_Sudafrica" title="Province del Sudafrica">provincia</a> del <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a>). All'età di 6 anni, Shaka fu scacciato dal <i><a href="/wiki/Kraal" title="Kraal">kraal</a></i> di suo padre (il <a href="/wiki/Podere" title="Podere">podere</a> di famiglia) a causa della morte di una pecora del gregge che stava accudendo. Sua madre lo difese e fu scacciata con lui. Nemmeno i Langeni, il popolo cui apparteneva Nandi, li vollero ospitare a lungo. Nandi e Shaka passarono quindi diversi anni vagabondando fra i <i>kraal</i> di altri proprietari terrieri. Questo evento era destinato a rimanere impresso nel ricordo di Shaka, che si sarebbe in seguito ferocemente vendicato. Intorno al <a href="/wiki/1803" title="1803">1803</a> Nandi e i suoi figli (Shaka era il primogenito, ma aveva anche un fratello e una sorella) trovarono rifugio presso una zia appartenente al <a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">clan</a> <i>emDletsheni</i>, il quale si trovava sotto il controllo dell'anziano re Jobe. Jobe era sovrano di una potente confederazione di popoli <a href="/wiki/Nguni_(popolo)" title="Nguni (popolo)">Nguni</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Confederazione_Mtetwa" title="Confederazione Mtetwa">Confederazione Mtetwa</a>, e fu tra le file del suo esercito che il giovane Shaka si guadagnò un nome e una fama. A 16 anni era già un valoroso guerriero. Si dice che in un'occasione abbia ucciso un <a href="/wiki/Panthera_pardus" title="Panthera pardus">leopardo</a> che aveva attaccato il villaggio, guadagnandosi il rispetto del re e ottenendo come ricompensa una <a href="/wiki/Bos_taurus" title="Bos taurus">vacca</a>. </p><p>Alla morte di Jobe, alla guida della Confederazione Mtetwa gli succedette il figlio Godongwane, più noto come <a href="/wiki/Dingiswayo" title="Dingiswayo">Dingiswayo</a>, il quale era stato in precedenza bandito con l'accusa di aver cospirato per impadronirsi del trono. Dingiswayo nutriva ambizioni e aveva nuove idee per l'organizzazione militare e politica dell'Africa, in particolare concepì una nuova forma di reggimento (<i><a href="/wiki/Impi" title="Impi">impi</a></i>) e una nuova struttura della catena di comando. Sotto di lui, Shaka, che a 23 anni era passato dal <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=INtanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INtanga (la pagina non esiste)">iNtanga</a></i> (gruppo di coetanei) all'<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=IziCwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IziCwe (la pagina non esiste)">iziCwe</a></i> (il <a href="/wiki/Reggimento" title="Reggimento">reggimento</a>), servì per sei anni come "guerriero" e, distinguendosi per il coraggio e l'abilità in combattimento, salì al gradò di <a href="/wiki/Generale" title="Generale">generale</a>. I successi sul campo gli procurarono il soprannome "vincitore di migliaia". Fino ad allora in quella regione dell'Africa meridionale la guerra era più uno sport della classe aristocratica, con la quale si dirimevano contese. Le innovazioni di Dingiswayo, che Shaka fece proprie e perfezionò, cambiarono in modo radicale questo stato di cose, assicurando la vittoria alle guerre di conquista dei Mtetwa, mentre le popolazioni sconfitte venivano espulse dalla propria terra e fuggivano in massa in altre regioni (<i><a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'ascesa_al_potere"><span id="L.27ascesa_al_potere"></span>L'ascesa al potere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione L'ascesa al potere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: L'ascesa al potere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9_2_418_0002-Shaka_Monument-Eshowe-s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/9_2_418_0002-Shaka_Monument-Eshowe-s.jpg/220px-9_2_418_0002-Shaka_Monument-Eshowe-s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/9_2_418_0002-Shaka_Monument-Eshowe-s.jpg/330px-9_2_418_0002-Shaka_Monument-Eshowe-s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/9_2_418_0002-Shaka_Monument-Eshowe-s.jpg/440px-9_2_418_0002-Shaka_Monument-Eshowe-s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1530" /></a><figcaption>Monumento funebre ad <a href="/wiki/Eshowe" title="Eshowe">Eshowe</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a> morì Senzangakona e alla guida degli Zulu gli succedette il figlio Siguyana, fratellastro di Shaka. Con l'aiuto di Dingiswayo, Shaka fece ritorno nel regno del padre, eliminò Siguyana e si fece re, stabilendo la sua sede nel nuovo <i>kraal</i> di kwaBulawayo ("Sito dell'uccisione"). Impose Nandi come regina madre e si vendicò crudelmente di chi in gioventù lo aveva osteggiato, ma risparmiò Mkabayi, sorella di suo padre, che lo aveva sostenuto e che sarebbe rimasta un membro rispettato della sua corte anche dopo la fine del suo regno. Shaka instituì un regime simile a quello di Dingiswayo e cominciò subito modificando il tipo di combattimento della sua tribù. Si fece costruire una nuova arma, la <i><a href="/wiki/Iklwa" title="Iklwa">iklwa</a></i>, una lancia corta con una lunga punta e un grande e pesante <a href="/wiki/Scudo" title="Scudo">scudo</a> di <a href="/wiki/Cuoio" title="Cuoio">cuoio</a>. Il lato sinistro dello scudo serviva per agganciare il nemico, per poi pugnalarlo con la destra alle costole. Shaka addestrava i suoi uomini a lottare a piedi nudi, e a correre per 50 miglia su terreni caldi e rocciosi in meno di 24 ore; inoltre impose un sistema di vita comune basato sul <a href="/wiki/Celibato" title="Celibato">celibato</a> dei guerrieri. La ferrea disciplina e il combattimento corpo a corpo caratterizzavano l'esercito, che molti studiosi hanno paragonato a quello <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">spartano</a>. Ai nemici sconfitti veniva offerta la possibilità di unirsi agli Zulù ed i nuovi soldati così arruolati venivano in seguito considerati zulù a tutti gli effetti. Grazie a queste riforme, l'esercito di Shaka risultò da lì in poi invincibile in battaglia, portando il dominio degli Zulu da 15 chilometri quadrati a circa 2000, con 250000 sudditi. </p><p>Inizialmente Shaka riconobbe la supremazia di Dingiswayo, ma appena un anno dopo che l'aveva aiutato nella sua ascesa al trono zulu, il sovrano mtetwa fu ucciso da Zwide, re del potente clan Ndwandwe, che distrusse la Confederazione Mtetwa. Shaka colse l'occasione per riempire il vuoto di potere così creatosi: raccolse attorno a sé i resti della Confederazione Mtetwa e si preparò a riprendere la guerra contro i Ndwandwe. Le tribù come i Qwabe, che si rifiutarono di sottomettersi allo Zulu, furono sconfitte e scacciate dalle loro terre o distrutte. Questa sorte toccò a circa sessanta tribù nel volgere di pochi anni. </p><p>La guerra contro il re Zwide dei Ndwandwe oppose gli Zulu ad un nemico molto più numeroso di loro. Ma nella battaglia di Gqokli Hill (1818) gli Zulu ottennero una vittoria schiacciante. Due anni dopo la battaglia al fiume Mhlatuze segnò l'esito della guerra: i Ndwandwe furono colti di sorpresa e sbaragliati e la loro capitale invasa e messa a ferro e a fuoco. Conquistato Shaka Zulu il predominio assoluto sulla regione, si accentuò però parallelamente il fenomeno del <a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a> (la migrazione di massa delle popolazioni che cercavano di sfuggire alle spietate armate zulu), cosa che molti storici ritengono abbia favorito indirettamente il <a href="/wiki/Impero_britannico" title="Impero britannico">colonialismo inglese</a>, perché indebolì notevolmente ogni compagine statale dell'Africa meridionale, eccetto il <a href="/wiki/Regno_Zulu" title="Regno Zulu">Regno Zulu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morte_e_successione">Morte e successione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Morte e successione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Morte e successione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 1827 Nandi, madre di Shaka, morì di <a href="/wiki/Dissenteria" title="Dissenteria">dissenteria</a>. Per il re, che le era molto legato, fu un duro colpo. Al suo funerale fece uccidere circa settemila sudditi e ordinò un digiuno collettivo di tre mesi. Ciò aumentò il malcontento e indebolì la sua autorità. <a href="/wiki/Dingane" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingane">Dingane</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mhlangane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mhlangane (la pagina non esiste)">Mhlangane</a>, due fratellastri di Shaka che già in precedenza avevano cospirato ai suoi danni, approfittando della momentanea assenza di gran parte dell'esercito, lo assassinarono nel <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a> (la data precisa è incerta, ma la maggior parte delle fonti convergono sul 22 settembre), con l'aiuto di un <i>inDuna</i> (consigliere) di nome Mbopo e il beneplacito di Mkabayi, zia di Shaka, che temeva che il nipote non fosse più adatto a reggere l'impero zulu. Per consolidare la posizione di Dingane, Mkabayi fece poi assassinare Mhlangana. </p><p>Dingane assunse quindi il potere e per molti anni cercò di eliminare tutti quelli che erano stati fedeli a Shaka. Egli governò quindi per 12 anni durante i quali si impegnò in sanguinosi combattimenti contro i <a href="/wiki/Voortrekker" title="Voortrekker">Voortrekker</a> e contro l'altro fratellastro <a href="/wiki/Mpande" title="Mpande">Mpande</a>. Secondo testimonianze, Shaka Zulu mantenne un <i>harem</i> di 1500 donne ma non ebbe figli, forse perché temeva potessero contendergli il trono. La sua linea dinastica proseguì attraverso il suo fratellastro <a href="/wiki/Mpande" title="Mpande">Mpande</a>, che divenne re degli Zulu nel 1840 e che governò per 30 anni, salendo al potere grazie all'aiuto dei <a href="/wiki/Boeri" title="Boeri">Boeri</a> e degli Inglesi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_riforma_militare">La riforma militare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione La riforma militare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: La riforma militare"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Impi" title="Impi">Impi</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Shaka cambiò le tattiche di battaglia degli zulù, sviluppando le idee di Dingiswayo. Gli <i>impi</i> erano divisi in quattro gruppi, e durante la battaglia si disponevano a forma di testa di bufalo<sup id="cite_ref-Morris50_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris50-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>Il primo reparto formava il potente "torace" (<i>isifuba</i>), a stretto contatto col nemico;</li> <li>Il secondo e terzo gruppo formavano le "corna" (<i>izimpondo</i>) che avrebbero circondato il nemico per impedirne la ritirata;</li> <li>Il quarto gruppo era formato da riserve.</li></ul> <p>Shaka osservava lo schieramento dall'alto, e impartiva gli ordini tramite dei veloci messaggeri. La <a href="/wiki/Strategia" title="Strategia">strategia</a> era semplice; le sue battaglie vennero fatte contro piccoli clan, e le vittorie furono facili da ottenere. </p><p>Shaka cambiò il modo di guerreggiare in Africa. Quasi due secoli dopo la morte di Shaka, la nazione degli zulù utilizza ancora le sue tattiche per sconfiggere i nemici e respingere gli invasori. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmografia">Filmografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Filmografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Filmografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaka_Zulu_(miniserie_televisiva)" title="Shaka Zulu (miniserie televisiva)">Shaka Zulu</a></i> – miniserie televisiva in 10 episodi da 500 minuti complessivi, per la regia di <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_C._Faure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William C. Faure (la pagina non esiste)">William C. Faure</a>, anno 1986<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Omer-Cooper, J. D. (1965) "The Zulu Aftermath," London: Longman, pp. 12-86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">See <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> article (Macropaedia Article "Shaka" 1974 ed.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris,_Donald_1965_p._17-69-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Morris,_Donald_1965_p._17-69_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Morris, pp. 17–69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris50-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Morris50_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Morris, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086798/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Shaka Zulu</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">imdb.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 24 settembre 2017</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chanaiwa, David Shingirai (1980), "The Zulu Revolution: State Formation in a Pastoralist Society," in <i>African Studies Review</i> 23(3) (Dec. 1980): 1-20.</li> <li>Edgerton, Robert (1988), <i>Like Lions They Fought</i></li> <li>Knight, Ian (1995), <i>Anatomy of the Zulu Army</i></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Donlard R. Morris, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/washingofspearsh0000morr_x8w4"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Washing of the Spears: The rise and fall of the Zulu nation</span></a>, Pimlico, 1965 <abbr title="Data di edizione originale">[1994]</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-7126-6105-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-7126-6105-8">978-0-7126-6105-8</a>.</cite></li> <li>Mostert, Noel (1992), <i>Frontiers</i></li> <li>Omer-Cooper, J. D. (1965), <i>The Zulu Aftermath</i></li> <li>Ritter, E. A. (1973), <i>Shaka Zulu: The Rise of the Zulu Empire</i></li> <li>Wylie, Dan (2006), <i>Myth of Iron: Shaka in History</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impero_Zulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Impero Zulu">Impero Zulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Shaka"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shaka?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shaka?uselang=it">Shaka</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaka&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/shaka_res-82a99c21-c047-11e1-bb7e-d5ce3506d72e_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Shaka</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27695#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Donald R. Morris, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shaka-Zulu-chief"><span style="font-style:italic;">Shaka</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27695#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/person:shaka_zulu_chief_(1787-1828)"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere riguardanti Shaka</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27695#P3847" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/37707695">37707695</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000066766368">0000 0000 6676 6368</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Consortium_of_European_Research_Libraries" title="Consortium of European Research Libraries">CERL</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesaurus.cerl.org/record/cnp00546108">cnp00546108</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50052981">n50052981</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118520008">118520008</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12091232q">cb12091232q</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12091232q">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259710005171">987007259710005171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biografie"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biografie" title="Portale:Biografie">Portale Biografie</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418" /><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Storia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/25px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/38px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/50px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="254" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Storia" title="Portale:Storia">Portale Storia</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaka&oldid=144339721">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaka&oldid=144339721</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Sovrani_del_XIX_secolo" title="Categoria:Sovrani del XIX secolo">Sovrani del XIX secolo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Morti_nel_1828" title="Categoria:Morti nel 1828">Morti nel 1828</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Morti_il_22_settembre" title="Categoria:Morti il 22 settembre">Morti il 22 settembre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Re_degli_Zulu" title="Categoria:Re degli Zulu">Re degli Zulu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Reali_assassinati" title="Categoria:Reali assassinati">Reali assassinati</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:BioBot" title="Categoria:BioBot">BioBot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P6404_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P6404 letta da Wikidata">P6404 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P3847_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P3847 letta da Wikidata">P3847 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_VIAF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice VIAF">Voci con codice VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_ISNI" title="Categoria:Voci con codice ISNI">Voci con codice ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_CERL" title="Categoria:Voci con codice CERL">Voci con codice CERL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 3 apr 2025 alle 09:12.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>91 lingue</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Aggiungi argomento</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dbbdd594f-9p2dr","wgBackendResponseTime":122,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.286","walltime":"0.444","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2811,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":20573,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1338,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11025,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 379.316 1 -total"," 27.57% 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