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Kinesisk tekultur – Wikipedia
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id="toc-Teseremoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teseremoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Teseremoni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teseremoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galleri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galleri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Galleri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galleri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kinesisk tekultur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 22 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_teekultuur" title="Chinese teekultuur – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chinese teekultuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ثقافة الشاي الصينية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثقافة الشاي الصينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ind%C9%99_%C3%A7ay_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti" title="Çində çay mədəniyyəti – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çində çay mədəniyyəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesische_Teekultur" title="Chinesische Teekultur – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chinesische Teekultur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chinese tea culture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_china_del_t%C3%A9" title="Cultura china del té – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura china del té" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="فرهنگ چای چینی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگ چای چینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%B0%A8_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="중국의 차 문화 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국의 차 문화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%27adun_shayi_na_kasar_Sin" title="Al'adun shayi na kasar Sin – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Al'adun shayi na kasar Sin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Թեյի չինական մշակույթ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թեյի չինական մշակույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Chinese tea culture" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_teh_Tionghoa" title="Budaya teh Tionghoa – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Budaya teh Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ჩინური ჩაის კულტურა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინური ჩაის კულტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kini%C5%A1ka_arbatos_kult%C5%ABra" title="Kiniška arbatos kultūra – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kiniška arbatos kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_theecultuur" title="Chinese theecultuur – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chinese theecultuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E8%8C%B6%E3%81%AE%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="中国の茶の文化 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国の茶の文化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy_choy_madaniyati" title="Xitoy choy madaniyati – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy choy madaniyati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Китайская чайная культура – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китайская чайная культура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="சீனாவின் தேநீர்ப் பண்பாடு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனாவின் தேநீர்ப் பண்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_%C3%A7ay_k%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BC" title="Çin çay kültürü – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin çay kültürü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Китайська чайна культура – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайська чайна культура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%8C%B6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="中国茶文化 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中国茶文化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1074090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kinesisk_tekultur" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Kinesisk_tekultur" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kinesisk_tekultur"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kinesisk_tekultur"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/wiki/Fil:Gong_fu_cha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gong_fu_cha.jpg/230px-Gong_fu_cha.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gong_fu_cha.jpg/345px-Gong_fu_cha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gong_fu_cha.jpg/460px-Gong_fu_cha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Kinesisk tetilbehør</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Den kinesiske tekultur</b> er en betydelig del av <a href="/wiki/Kinesisk_kultur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinesisk kultur">kinesisk kultur</a> og den eldste tekultur i verden. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_japanske_teseremoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den japanske teseremoni (ikke skrevet ennå)">Den japanske teseremoni</a> har sine røtter i <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>, men ble over århundrene videreutviklet på sitt eget vis. Også i Kina finnes det en egen teseremoni, som kalles <i>tekunst</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>Cháyì</i>, <a href="/wiki/Forenklet_kinesisk" title="Forenklet kinesisk">forenklet kinesisk</a>: 茶艺, <a href="/wiki/Tradisjonell_kinesisk" title="Tradisjonell kinesisk">tradisjonell kinesisk</a>: 茶藝). Under <a href="/wiki/Kulturrevolusjonen" title="Kulturrevolusjonen">kulturrevolusjonen</a> ble den offentlige tekultur og svært mange <a href="/wiki/Tehus" title="Tehus">tehus</a> stengt, og da overlevde den bare i deler av det sørlige og vestlige Kina, foruten på <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. Men det gikk ikke ut over kinesernes preferanse for te, og det er mange kinesere som utelukkende drikker usøtet <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nn_te" title="Grønn te">grønn te</a>. I sammenheng med <a href="/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkerepublikken Kina">Folkerepublikken Kinas</a> kraftige økonomiske oppsving kommer igjen den gamle tekulturen sterkt til gjeldende. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tedyrking_og_tesorter">Tedyrking og tesorter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tedyrking og tesorter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tedyrking og tesorter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tieguanyin2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tieguanyin2.jpg/230px-Tieguanyin2.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tieguanyin2.jpg/345px-Tieguanyin2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tieguanyin2.jpg/460px-Tieguanyin2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Blader av grønn te, teskål</figcaption></figure> <p>Kinesisk <a href="/wiki/Te" title="Te">te</a> dyrkes fortrinnsvis i Kinas sørlige deler. Grønn te kommer fra de østkinesiske provinser <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oolong" title="Oolong">oolongte</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gul_te&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gul te (ikke skrevet ennå)">gul te</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> og <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8d_te" class="mw-redirect" title="Rød te">rød te</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>. </p><p>I Kina skelnes det i det vesentlige mellom seks tesorter: </p> <ul><li><i>Lǜchá</i> (绿茶), <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nn_te" title="Grønn te">grønn te</a></li> <li><i>Báichá</i> (白茶) = <a href="/wiki/Hvit_te" title="Hvit te">hvit te</a></li> <li><i>Huángchá</i> (黄茶) = <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gul_te&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gul te (ikke skrevet ennå)">gul te</a></li> <li><i>Wūlóngchá</i> (乌龙茶) = <a href="/wiki/Oolong" title="Oolong">oolongte</a></li> <li><i>Pǔ'ěrchá</i> (普洱茶) =<a href="/wiki/Pu%27er-te" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu'er-te">Pu'er-te</a> (etterfermentert te)</li> <li><i>Hóngchá</i> (红茶) <a href="/wiki/Svart_te" title="Svart te">rød te</a> (som vi kaller <i>svart te</i>)</li></ul> <p>Det forekommer også at man istedenfor gul te regner parfyrmert te (som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasminte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jasminte (ikke skrevet ennå)">jasminte</a>) som den sjette hovedsorten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Shanghai-Huxinting_Tea_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shanghai-Huxinting_Tea_House.jpg/230px-Shanghai-Huxinting_Tea_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shanghai-Huxinting_Tea_House.jpg/345px-Shanghai-Huxinting_Tea_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shanghai-Huxinting_Tea_House.jpg/460px-Shanghai-Huxinting_Tea_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Huxinting-tehuset i <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kina er tedyrkingens vugge. Det lar seg ikke fastslå når den tok til, men det er kjent at te var underlagt beskatning allerede i <a href="/wiki/221_f.Kr." title="221 f.Kr.">221 f.Kr.</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Qindynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Qindynastiet">Qindynastiet</a>. Te ble den gang fortrinnsvis benyttet medisinsk. Det er i keisermausoleet <a href="/wiki/Han_Yangling" title="Han Yangling">Han Yangling</a> i <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> (fra ca 150 f.Kr.) funnet det som så langt er de eldste fysiske håndsfaste bevis på en kinesisk tekultur - rester av den te som ble forberedt for å bli drukket av det tidlige Han-dynastiets keisere. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Tangdynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangdynastiet">Tangdynastiet</a> (618-907) ble te servert i hilsningsseremonier i det keiserlige hoff, og dermed vet man at den var i bruk i de øvre samfunnslag. På denne tid begynte <a href="/wiki/Buddhistisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhistisk">buddhistiske</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonser (ikke skrevet ennå)">munker</a> å drikke te under sine ofte timelange meditasjonsøkter i klostrene, for å holde seg åpne. Denne bruk skal ha begynt i <i>Lingyang</i>klosteret på det hellige fjell <a href="/wiki/Taishan" class="mw-disambig" title="Taishan">Taishan</a>, og derfra ha spredt seg til andre klostre. Etter hvert begynte munkene selv å dyrke te. Under Tangdynastiet ble verdens første bok om te skrevet, <i><a href="/wiki/Chajing" title="Chajing">Chajing</a></i> av <a href="/wiki/Lu_Yu" title="Lu Yu">Lu Yu</a>, som hadde vokst opp som foreldreløst barn i et buddhistkloster. Han fikk tilnavnet «teguden». På denne tid begynte også eksporten av te, først til <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> og Japan. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Song-dynastiet" title="Song-dynastiet">Song-dynastiet</a> ble tedyrking ytterligere befestet og utbredt i de øvre samfunnslag. Det ble gjennomført konkurranser for å identifisere landets beste te. Samtidig ble tekokingskunsten forfinet. Under <a href="/wiki/Yuandynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuandynastiet">Yuandynastiet</a> ble tedrikking utbredt i alle samfunnslag. Under <a href="/wiki/Ming-dynastiet" title="Ming-dynastiet">Ming-dynastiet</a> grunnla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Quan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhu Quan (ikke skrevet ennå)">Zhu Quan</a>, den 17. bønn av mingkeiseren <a href="/wiki/Hongwu-keiseren" title="Hongwu-keiseren">Hongwu</a>, som levde et tilbaketrukket eneboerliv, en ny skole innen tekunsten. </p><p>Det var fra tidlig av mange <a href="/wiki/Tehus" title="Tehus">tehus</a> i Kina, men de måtte stenge under kulturrevolusjonen. Men senere kom mange av dem tilbake. Under <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> flyktet mange intellektuelle og ogtså mange <i>temestere</i> til <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. I vanlige kinesiske familier er derfor gjerne tekulturen bare rudimentært i bruk, selv om den opplever en renessanse i noen mer velstående kretser. I </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilberedelse">Tilberedelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tilberedelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tilberedelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eksperter i kinesisk tekultur skjelner mellom tre historiske skoler: </p> <ul><li>I Tang-fasen ble teen kokt sammen med vannet, inntil vannet antok den ønskede farge. Det ble benyttet te i pulverform. Ettersom det ble tilføyd en liten klype salt, kalles denne metoden «den saltede pulvertes skole».</li></ul> <ul><li>Under Songdynastiet ble varmt vann helt over tepulveret, og så slått til det skummet med en liten bumbuskvast. Temesteren forsøkte å få skummet til å holde seg så lenge som mulig. Dette kalles «den skummende jades skole».</li></ul> <ul><li>I Ming-fasen benyttet man hele teblader, og denne skolen fikk navnet «det duftende blads skole». Det var i denne tid at seremonien <i>Gongfu Cha</i> (工夫茶, <i>Gōngfu chá</i>) ble til. Til den benyttes helst <a href="/wiki/Oolong" title="Oolong">oolongte</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teseremoni">Teseremoni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Teseremoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Teseremoni"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Preperations_for_a_tea_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Preperations_for_a_tea_ceremony.jpg/230px-Preperations_for_a_tea_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Preperations_for_a_tea_ceremony.jpg/345px-Preperations_for_a_tea_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Preperations_for_a_tea_ceremony.jpg/460px-Preperations_for_a_tea_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Kinesisk teseremoni</figcaption></figure> <p>Den kinesiske teseremoni ble aldri så raffinert utviklet som den japanske, men den fikk på den annen side et sterkere rotfeste i den alminnelige befolkning. Teseremonien har forskjellige varianter i Kina, og det benyttes forskjellige tesorter. For den ganske kjente <i><a href="/wiki/Gongfu_Cha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gongfu Cha">Gongfu Cha</a></i> rengjørt temesteren først teskålene og tekannen med varmt vann. Så legges blader av oolongte i kannen, og varmt vann helt over. Denne første overhellingen fører til at bladene åpner seg og før ut mye av bitterheten – dette første tevannet blir straks slått i teskålene, men ikke drukket. Den helles ut. Så fylles kannen på nytt med varmt vann, og det hele får trekke fra ti til tretti sekunder. Så helles det i de forskjellige teskålene, men «skiktvis», slik at teblandingen som hver av gjestene får nyte, blir så lik som mulig. Prosedyren fortsetter så, inntil femten ganger. Hver gang lar man teen trekke i kannen i ti sekunder lenger enn gangen før. Hver gang gir det nye smaksnyanser. For at teen ikke skal «arbeide videre» på egen hånd, blir den gjerne helt over på en egen tekanne og skjenket ut derfra. Det finnes forfinede varianter der man gir teen en ytterligere mellomstasjon i et duftbeger før den helles i drikkeskålene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galleri">Galleri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Galleri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Galleri"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chinese_tea_house,_Beijing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tehus i Beijing"><img alt="Tehus i Beijing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinese_tea_house%2C_Beijing.jpg/120px-Chinese_tea_house%2C_Beijing.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinese_tea_house%2C_Beijing.jpg/180px-Chinese_tea_house%2C_Beijing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinese_tea_house%2C_Beijing.jpg/240px-Chinese_tea_house%2C_Beijing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tehus i Beijing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:HK_QRC_Ying_Kee_Tea.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Teforretning i Hongkong"><img alt="Teforretning i Hongkong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/HK_QRC_Ying_Kee_Tea.JPG/90px-HK_QRC_Ying_Kee_Tea.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/HK_QRC_Ying_Kee_Tea.JPG/135px-HK_QRC_Ying_Kee_Tea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/HK_QRC_Ying_Kee_Tea.JPG/180px-HK_QRC_Ying_Kee_Tea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Teforretning i Hongkong</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:YellowGaiwan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gaiwan"><img alt="Gaiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/YellowGaiwan.jpg/90px-YellowGaiwan.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/YellowGaiwan.jpg/135px-YellowGaiwan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/YellowGaiwan.jpg/180px-YellowGaiwan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaiwan (ikke skrevet ennå)">Gaiwan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Numi_flowering_tea,_after.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="«Teblomst»"><img alt="«Teblomst»" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Numi_flowering_tea%2C_after.jpg/120px-Numi_flowering_tea%2C_after.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Numi_flowering_tea%2C_after.jpg/180px-Numi_flowering_tea%2C_after.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Numi_flowering_tea%2C_after.jpg/240px-Numi_flowering_tea%2C_after.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1982" data-file-height="1982" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">«<a href="/w/index.php?title=Teblomst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teblomst (ikke skrevet ennå)">Teblomst</a>»</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Green_tea,_Pu%27er_tea,_Tea_from_China,_Rostov-on-Don,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kinesisk te"><img alt="Kinesisk te" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Green_tea%2C_Pu%27er_tea%2C_Tea_from_China%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg/120px-Green_tea%2C_Pu%27er_tea%2C_Tea_from_China%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Green_tea%2C_Pu%27er_tea%2C_Tea_from_China%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg/180px-Green_tea%2C_Pu%27er_tea%2C_Tea_from_China%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Green_tea%2C_Pu%27er_tea%2C_Tea_from_China%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg/240px-Green_tea%2C_Pu%27er_tea%2C_Tea_from_China%2C_Rostov-on-Don%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kinesisk te</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Karl Schmeisser/Jiang Wang: <i>Tee im Teehaus</i>, ABC Verlag, Heidelberg 2005. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/3938833017" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-938-83301-7</a></li> <li>Wang Ling: <i>Die chinesische Teekultur</i>, Verlag für fremdsprachige Literatur, Peking 2002. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/711902146X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-119-02146-X</a></li> <li>Hu Hsiang-Fan: <i>Das Geheimnis des Tees</i>, Verlag Theseus, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/389620193X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-896-20193-X</a></li> <li>John Blofeld: <i>Das Tao des Teetrinkens. Von der chinesischen Kunst, den Tee zu bereiten und zu genießen</i>, Otto Wilhelm Barth Verlag, 1986.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesisk_tekultur&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tea_of_China" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tea of China">Tea of China</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074090?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VBJjiEVt88&feature=related">YouTube-Video: Grønnteseremoni (med forklaring)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rfyyfQ7C8Y&feature=related">YouTube-Video: <i>Gong Fu Cha</i> (med forklaring.)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_7JLC-EoAg&feature=related">YouTube-Video: forenklet teseremoni (uten forklaring)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100615145047/http://www.benjowskitea.de/china/china.htm">Historie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tee-import.de/china/histor3.htm">Tedyrking</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061020182034/http://de.chinabroadcast.cn/other/teekultur/homepage.htm">Wang Ling: <i>Die chinesische Teekultur</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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