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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.2363 4.12686C18.2363 3.43651 18.796 2.87686 19.4863 2.87686C20.1767 2.87686 20.7363 3.43651 20.7363 4.12686C20.7363 4.81722 20.1767 5.37686 19.4863 5.37686C18.796 5.37686 18.2363 4.81722 18.2363 4.12686ZM19.4863 1.37686C17.9675 1.37686 16.7363 2.60808 16.7363 4.12686C16.7363 4.43206 16.786 4.72564 16.8778 4.99996H7C4.79086 4.99996 3 6.79082 3 8.99996V19C3 21.2091 4.79086 23 7 23H17C19.2091 23 21 21.2091 21 19V8.99996C21 8.16642 20.745 7.39244 20.3089 6.75173C21.4258 6.40207 22.2363 5.35911 22.2363 4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Аннотация</span></span></span><a href="/c/klavikord-40d7da/annotation" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.2363 4.12686C18.2363 3.43651 18.796 2.87686 19.4863 2.87686C20.1767 2.87686 20.7363 3.43651 20.7363 4.12686C20.7363 4.81722 20.1767 5.37686 19.4863 5.37686C18.796 5.37686 18.2363 4.81722 18.2363 4.12686ZM19.4863 1.37686C17.9675 1.37686 16.7363 2.60808 16.7363 4.12686C16.7363 4.43206 16.786 4.72564 16.8778 4.99996H7C4.79086 4.99996 3 6.79082 3 8.99996V19C3 21.2091 4.79086 23 7 23H17C19.2091 23 21 21.2091 21 19V8.99996C21 8.16642 20.745 7.39244 20.3089 6.75173C21.4258 6.40207 22.2363 5.35911 22.2363 4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/klavikord-40d7da/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Медиа</span></span></span><a href="/c/klavikord-40d7da/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/klavikord-40d7da/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Библиография</span></span></span><a href="/c/klavikord-40d7da/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/klavikord-40d7da/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Версии</span></span></span><a href="/c/klavikord-40d7da/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a></div></div></div></nav><div><meta itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=rD3qc_eUSUrE3LBU3pkf5g&filename=vault/b922b1e24f75948f7ea5eed5a9809ee4.webp&width=120"><article itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><div itemprop="copyrightHolder" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><meta itemprop="articleSection" content="Исторические инструменты"><meta itemprop="headline" content="Клавикорд"><meta itemprop="keywords" content="Клавикорды, Клавишные инструменты, Музыкальные инструменты барокко"><div class="bre-article-page max-md:tw-mt-10 md:max-lg:tw-mt-[81px] max-md:tw-mt-10"><div class="article-sidebar -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s">Клавикорд</div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><header class="bre-article-header -hide-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><span class="bre-label">Исторические инструменты</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Исторические инструменты</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Клавикорд</h1></header><section class="-hide-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"><div><div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ViewAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ShareAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/LikeAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div></div><span></span></div></section><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span 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Мастер Кристиан Кинцинг"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Клавикорд. Мастер Кристиан Кинцинг. Германия. 1763. Метрополитен-музей, Нью-Йорк."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="The Metropolitan Museum of Art"><link itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=rD3qc_eUSUrE3LBU3pkf5g&filename=vault/b922b1e24f75948f7ea5eed5a9809ee4.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Клавикорд. 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Мастер Кристиан Кинцинг" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Хордофоны</dd><dt>Другие наименования:</dt><dd>Клавикорды</dd><dt>Тип инструмента по Хорнбостелю-Заксу:</dt><dd>Хордофон</dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="bre-article-page__container"><div class="bre-article-page__content bre-article-content"><header class="bre-article-header -show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><span class="bre-label">Исторические инструменты</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Исторические инструменты</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Клавикорд</h1></header><section class="tw-flex"><div class="-show-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"></div><span></span></section><div class="js-preview-link-root"><div itemprop="articleBody" class="bre-article-body"><section><section><p><b>Клавико́рд </b>(позднелат. clavicordium, от лат. clavis – ключ, клавиша и греч. χορδή – струна), клавикорды (в русской традиции 18–19 вв.), струнно-клавишный музыкальный инструмент.</p><p>По принятой классификации – ударно-клавишный инструмент класса <a href="/c/khordofony-9c07b8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">хордофонов</a> (звук извлекается при ударе по струне металлической пластинки – <a href="/c/tangent-f4f338" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">тангента</a>, закреплённого на рабочем конце клавиши). </p><p>Распространён в странах Европы в 14 – начале 19 вв. Первые описания и чертежи появляются в трактатах 15 в. (<a href="/c/arno-iz-zvolle-8e2a83" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Арно из Зволле</a>, около 1445). Самый ранний из сохранившихся инструментов построен в 1543 г. итальянским мастером Доменико из Пезаро. </p><p>Клавикорд – инструмент небольших размеров, часто портативный (корпус, как правило, прямоугольной формы, длина 85–170 см). <a href="/c/klaviatura-b80e3f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Клавиатура</a> имеет такое же строение, как и у других <a href="/c/klavishnye-muzykal-nye-instrumenty-fe6581" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">клавишных музыкальных инструментов</a>. С 16 в. резонатором служит часть корпуса, расположенная правее клавиатуры. Струны, как правило, двойные (т. н. <a href="/c/khor-instrumentovedenie-34b4e9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">хоры струн</a>), настроенные в <a href="/c/unison-6fc783" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">унисон</a>; натянуты параллельно клавиатуре (перпендикулярно клавишам). В т. н. свободных клавикордах 18 – начала 19 вв. (нем. ungebundenes Klavichord) каждая клавиша управляет отдельным хором струн, издающим звук одной высоты. В т. н. связанных клавикордах (нем. gebundenes Klavichord) один и тот же хор струн управляется 2–4 соседними клавишами: тангенты ударяют по струне на разном расстоянии от подставки и длина звучащей части струны (а следовательно, и высота звука) оказывается различной.</p><p><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="75%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Связанный клавикорд"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Связанный клавикорд. Мастерская Иоганна Генриха Гребнера. Германия. 18 в. Метрополитен-музей, Нью-Йорк."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="The Metropolitan Museum of Art"><link itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ytaaufvMGVKF3ICzeMzzcw&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Связанный клавикорд" data-nuxt-img sizes="640px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ytaaufvMGVKF3ICzeMzzcw&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=N85ZJeWvP3y-pti1dcS7DA&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Z22vJQEsPts4U0bWSb5h7g&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=yp9l7y9p0xLBoh6fZZNe1w&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=N8sQ0ZXf98Fb8fAfd7lGAg&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=IKeaN_XILtm7lr_C8nmmDg&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=O-swJEZ7SqkmywlyoNkSfQ&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=UdEJ-_cyNjnBSfNlxsTjhw&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=bdJ0OPaFG5vPUaJySkKOWg&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Связанный клавикорд" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Связанный клавикорд. Мастерская Иоганна Генриха Гребнера. Германия. 18 в. Метрополитен-музей, Нью-Йорк.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Связанный клавикорд. Мастерская Иоганна Генриха Гребнера. Германия. 18 в. Метрополитен-музей, Нью-Йорк.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>К «связанному» типу принадлежит большинство исторических клавикордов, первый достоверно известный «свободный» клавикорд был построен в 1726 г. саксонским мастером Д. Т. Фабером. Конструкция «связанного» клавикорда накладывает характерное ограничение: звуки секунды не могут быть взяты одновременно, поскольку извлекаются на одном и том же хоре струн. Появление «свободной» модели принесло ряд преимуществ (возможность исполнения всех интервалов во всех тональностях, свобода выбора <a href="/c/temperatsiia-27b5dd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">темперации</a>, связная игра любых пассажей), но имело и недостатки, в том числе более слабый звук и тусклый тембр. </p><p>Диапазон клавикорда со временем менялся в сторону расширения: от 4 октав в 16 – 1-й половине 18 вв. (причём нижняя – большая – октава первоначально была <a href="/c/korotkaia-oktava-c2af22" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">короткой</a>) до 5 с половиной октав во 2-й половине 18 в. В 16–18 вв. были распространены клавикорды с педальной клавиатурой (её диапазон 1–2 октавы). </p><p>На клавикордах употреблялись те же системы темперации, что и на <a href="/c/organ-muzykal-nyi-instrument-7e6602" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">органах</a>, <a href="/c/klavesin-552d05" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">клавесинах</a> и других клавишных (за исключением «связанного» клавикорда; на таком клавикорде темперация определялась изначально изготовителем инструмента, который фиксировал тангенты, относящиеся к одному и тому же хору струн, на заданном расстоянии).</p><p>Клавикорд обладает самым тихим звуком из всех клавишных (в пределах <i>p – pp</i>), что связано со способом звукоизвлечения: тангент ударяет по струне в том месте, где ограничивается (им же) её звучащая часть, поэтому амплитуда колебаний струны не может быть высокой; эта особенность ведёт и к слабой роли основного тона в звуковом спектре. При этом клавикорд считается одним из самых выразительных клавишных инструментов (наряду с <a href="/c/fortepiano-1fae74" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">фортепиано</a>): простота механики и чрезвычайная лёгкость возникновения звука (без физических усилий) обеспечивают пальцам исполнителя хороший контакт со струнами. В отличие от клавесина и фортепиано, клавикорд даёт некоторые возможности работы со звуком после момента его взятия; особенно выразительно вибрато (нем. Bebung, от beben – дрожать), достигаемое вертикальным покачиванием пальца на клавише. Со слабой звучностью инструмента связано его ограниченное использование: почти исключительно в качестве домашнего и учебного. </p><p>Репертуар клавикорда в основном общий с другими современными ему клавишными инструментами.</p><p>Высокой степени популярности клавикорд достиг в Германии во 2-й половине 18 в.: его выразительные качества оказались созвучны <a href="/c/sentimentalizm-5d303a#h2_muzыka" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" navigation_value="h2_muzыka" data-external="false">сентиментализму</a>. Клавикорд – излюбленный инструмент <a href="/c/bakh-karl-filipp-emanuel-ebb737" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">К. Ф. Э. Баха</a>; увлечение инструментом разделяли <a href="/c/bakh-iogann-kristian-abdef8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">И. К. Бах</a>, <a href="/c/shubart-kristian-fridrikh-daniel-15d215" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">К. Ф. Д. Шубарт</a>, Даниэль Готлоб Тюрк (1750–1813) и др. </p><p>Лучшие клавикорды 18 в. вышли из мастерских <a href="/c/zil-berman-gotfrid-4741a7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Г. Зильбермана</a>, Я. Адлунга, К. Г. Хуберта, династий Шидмайер, Шмаль, Хасс (Германия), П. Линдхольма (Швеция). Мода на клавикорды угасла в связи с распространением фортепиано. Производство клавикордов (в Германии и Швеции) поддерживалось приблизительно до 1830 г.</p><p>Работу по возрождению этого инструмента начал английский музыкант <a href="/c/dolmech-arnol-d-0a4ce1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">А. Долмеч</a> в конце 19 в. В 20–21 вв. к клавикорду обращаются не многие исполнители (например, <a href="/c/kiorkpatrik-ralf-974db9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Р. Кёркпатрик</a>, <a href="/c/leonkhardt-gustav-6beb2b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Г. Леонхардт</a>, Илтон Вьюниски) в силу малой его приспособленности к концертной практике и сложности звукозаписи (звук клавикорда сильно искажается). </p><p>Среди немногих специально написанных сочинений – пьесы <a href="/c/buzoni-ferruchcho-21f55e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ф. Бузони</a> для педального клавикорда.</p><span itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" class="-text-caption-2-italic tw-justify-end tw-mt-4 tw-mb-10 author _note-exclude"><a href="/a/dy-goldobin-fadb41" class=""><span itemprop="name">Голдобин Дмитрий Юрьевич</span></a></span></section></section></div><span class="bre-inline-menu _article-meta" style=""><meta itemprop="description" content="Клавико́рд, струнно-клавишный музыкальный инструмент. Распространён в странах Европы в 14 – начале 19 вв. Звук извлекается при ударе по струне..."><span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block">Опубликовано <span itemprop="datePublished">7 декабря 2023 г. в 10:03 (GMT+3). </span></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block"> Последнее обновление <span itemprop="dateModified">7 декабря 2023 г. в 10:03 (GMT+3).</span></span></span><span class="-flex-divider"></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item tw-items-start"><button type="button" class="b-button tw-gap-2 b-button--link -text-button-text tw-rounded-lg tw-cursor-pointer" data-v-cfbedafc><span class="c-button__content" data-v-cfbedafc>Связаться с редакцией</span></button></span></span></div></div><div class="bre-tags-wrap"><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/klavishnye-instrumenty-55ff75" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Клавишные инструменты</a></span><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/muzykal-nye-instrumenty-barokko-8703f1" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Музыкальные инструменты барокко</a></span></div></div><aside class="bre-article-page__sidebar -show-on-desktop-s" style=""><div class="bre-article-page__sidebar-wrapper _loc"><div class="article-sidebar"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"></div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Клавикорд. Мастер Кристиан Кинцинг"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Клавикорд. Мастер Кристиан Кинцинг. Германия. 1763. Метрополитен-музей, Нью-Йорк."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="The Metropolitan Museum of Art"><link itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=rD3qc_eUSUrE3LBU3pkf5g&filename=vault/b922b1e24f75948f7ea5eed5a9809ee4.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Клавикорд. 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Мастер Кристиан Кинцинг" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Хордофоны</dd><dt>Другие наименования:</dt><dd>Клавикорды</dd><dt>Тип инструмента по Хорнбостелю-Заксу:</dt><dd>Хордофон</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></aside></div></article></div></div><div></div></main><footer class="bre-footer" itemscope itemprop="hasPart" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="&copy;&nbsp;АНО БРЭ, 2022&nbsp;&mdash;&nbsp;2024. 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Все права защищены.</span></span></li><li class="-hide-on-tablet _stretch-width -text-caption-1 text-decoration-underline tw-text-gray-2 tw-cursor-pointer bre-inline-menu__item"><span data-v-tippy>Условия использования информации.<span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Вся информация, размещенная на данном портале, предназначена только для использования в личных целях и не подлежит дальнейшему воспроизведению.<br />Медиаконтент (иллюстрации, фотографии, видео, аудиоматериалы, карты, скан образы) может быть использован только с разрешения правообладателей.</span></span></span></li><li class="-show-on-tablet _stretch-width -text-caption-1 text-decoration-underline tw-text-gray-2 tw-cursor-pointer bre-inline-menu__item"><span data-v-tippy>Условия использования информации.<span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Вся информация, размещенная на данном портале, предназначена только для использования в личных целях и не подлежит дальнейшему воспроизведению.<br />Медиаконтент (иллюстрации, фотографии, видео, аудиоматериалы, карты, скан образы) может быть использован только с разрешения правообладателей.</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></footer><span></span></div></div></div><script type="application/json" id="__NUXT_DATA__" data-ssr="true">[["Reactive",1],{"data":2,"state":3,"once":5,"_errors":6,"serverRendered":7,"path":8,"pinia":9},{},{"$sreferer":4},"https://www.google.com/",["Set"],{},true,"/c/klavikord-40d7da",{"preview":10,"auth-token":12,"search":15,"page-loading":20,"search-suggestions":21,"filters":24,"component-header":26,"collection":27,"article":28,"article-media-slider":439,"modal":460,"article-notes":461,"article-loc":462,"article-sidebar":463,"author":464,"article-metrics":465,"collection-articles-favorite":466,"article-collections":467,"article-versions":468,"error-form":477,"text-selection":478},{"get_":11,"getError":11,"getPending":7},null,{"post_":11,"postError":11,"postPending":7,"savedRoutePath":11,"isAuthorized":13,"firstNameLetter":14,"fullName":14,"userId":14,"processingRefresh":13,"showAuthModal":11},false,"",{"searchQuery":14,"savedList":16,"limit":17,"offset":18,"loading":13,"isSearchOpened":13,"page":19},[],10,0,1,{"loading":13},{"get_":11,"getError":11,"getPending":7,"headerSearchQuery":14,"pageSearchQuery":14,"selectedSuggestionIndex":22,"focusOn":23},-1,"header",{"get_":11,"getError":11,"getPending":7,"loading":13,"isExtendedSearchOpened":13,"chosenFilters":25},{},{"showCategories":13,"isFixed":13},{"get_":11,"getError":11,"getPending":7,"put_":-1,"putError":11,"putPending":7,"delete_":-1,"deleteError":11,"deletePending":7},{"get_":29,"getError":11,"getPending":13,"headers":436,"timeline":437,"isFullScreen":13,"getCache":438},{"article":30,"components":430},{"content":31,"createdAt":405,"id":406,"lastVersionId":407,"meta":408,"sections":11,"slug":421,"tags":422,"updatedAt":405},{"article":32,"biblioRecord":367,"category":368,"sidebar":369,"title":404},[33],{"content":34,"type":366},[35],{"attrs":36,"content":38,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":366},{"section_id":37},"2121012b-6af1-4e95-b3c6-20e5bbf456f9",[39,53,83,99,145,178,193,219,242,247,293,309,343,358],{"attrs":40,"content":41,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[42,50],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":43,"text":48,"type":49},[44],{"attrs":45,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":47},{"version":46},"1","bold","Клавико́рд ","text",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":51,"type":49},"(позднелат. clavicordium, от лат. clavis – ключ, клавиша и греч. χορδή – струна), клавикорды (в русской традиции 18–19 вв.), струнно-клавишный музыкальный инструмент.","paragraph",{"attrs":54,"content":55,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[56,58,70,72,81],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":57,"type":49},"По принятой классификации – ударно-клавишный инструмент класса ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":59,"text":69,"type":49},[60],{"attrs":61,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":62,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":65,"link_type":46,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"9c07b854-8f5f-46c3-aef6-7949c0d08ad7","#","2",{"slug":66,"type":67},"khordofony-9c07b8","article","a","хордофонов",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":71,"type":49}," (звук извлекается при ударе по струне металлической пластинки – ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":73,"text":80,"type":49},[74],{"attrs":75,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":76,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":77,"link_type":79,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"f4f3387a-f453-45d9-a320-b92484a2fa68",{"slug":78,"type":67},"tangent-f4f338","9","тангента",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":82,"type":49},", закреплённого на рабочем конце клавиши). ",{"attrs":84,"content":85,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[86,88,97],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":87,"type":49},"Распространён в странах Европы в 14 – начале 19 вв. Первые описания и чертежи появляются в трактатах 15 в. (",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":89,"text":96,"type":49},[90],{"attrs":91,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":92,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":93,"link_type":95,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"8e2a8338-e2cc-41db-9dc9-01bfcb104d9b",{"slug":94,"type":67},"arno-iz-zvolle-8e2a83","27","Арно из Зволле",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":98,"type":49},", около 1445). Самый ранний из сохранившихся инструментов построен в 1543 г. итальянским мастером Доменико из Пезаро. ",{"attrs":100,"content":101,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[102,104,112,114,122,124,132,134,143],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":103,"type":49},"Клавикорд – инструмент небольших размеров, часто портативный (корпус, как правило, прямоугольной формы, длина 85–170 см). 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С 16 в. резонатором служит часть корпуса, расположенная правее клавиатуры. Струны, как правило, двойные (т. н. 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(нем. ungebundenes Klavichord) каждая клавиша управляет отдельным хором струн, издающим звук одной высоты. В т. н. связанных клавикордах (нем. gebundenes Klavichord) один и тот же хор струн управляется 2–4 соседними клавишами: тангенты ударяют по струне на разном расстоянии от подставки и длина звучащей части струны (а следовательно, и высота звука) оказывается различной.",{"attrs":146,"content":147,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[148,166,168,176],{"attrs":149,"content":11,"marks":160,"text":14,"type":165},{"alt":14,"caption":150,"copyright":151,"copyrightLink":152,"display":153,"ref_id":154,"src":155,"srcset":156,"storage_link":14,"text":150,"title":157,"ts_expire":158,"width":159},"Связанный клавикорд. Мастерская Иоганна Генриха Гребнера. Германия. 18 в. Метрополитен-музей, Нью-Йорк.","The Metropolitan Museum of Art","https://www.metmuseum.org/","block","7515fc77-5509-475b-9089-7267e6d7d720","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ytaaufvMGVKF3ICzeMzzcw&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=120","https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=ytaaufvMGVKF3ICzeMzzcw&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=N85ZJeWvP3y-pti1dcS7DA&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Z22vJQEsPts4U0bWSb5h7g&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=yp9l7y9p0xLBoh6fZZNe1w&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=N8sQ0ZXf98Fb8fAfd7lGAg&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=IKeaN_XILtm7lr_C8nmmDg&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=O-swJEZ7SqkmywlyoNkSfQ&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=UdEJ-_cyNjnBSfNlxsTjhw&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=bdJ0OPaFG5vPUaJySkKOWg&filename=vault/5bbf91f3beba5149267aff243767b02a.webp&width=3840 3840w","Связанный клавикорд","31.12.2099","75%",[161],{"attrs":162,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":164},{"caption":150,"display":153,"style":163,"version":46},"width:75%;","wrapper-inline","image",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":167,"type":49},"К «связанному» типу принадлежит большинство исторических клавикордов, первый достоверно известный «свободный» клавикорд был построен в 1726 г. саксонским мастером Д. Т. Фабером. Конструкция «связанного» клавикорда накладывает характерное ограничение: звуки секунды не могут быть взяты одновременно, поскольку извлекаются на одном и том же хоре струн. Появление «свободной» модели принесло ряд преимуществ (возможность исполнения всех интервалов во всех тональностях, свобода выбора ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":169,"text":175,"type":49},[170],{"attrs":171,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":172,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":173,"link_type":141,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"27b5dde0-5f80-41d5-b3c2-a4937a6693ce",{"slug":174,"type":67},"temperatsiia-27b5dd","темперации",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":177,"type":49},", связная игра любых пассажей), но имело и недостатки, в том числе более слабый звук и тусклый тембр. ",{"attrs":179,"content":180,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[181,183,191],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":182,"type":49},"Диапазон клавикорда со временем менялся в сторону расширения: от 4 октав в 16 – 1-й половине 18 вв. (причём нижняя – большая – октава первоначально была ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":184,"text":190,"type":49},[185],{"attrs":186,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":187,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":188,"link_type":79,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"c2af22ec-b054-4c15-b710-0b993649fe6d",{"slug":189,"type":67},"korotkaia-oktava-c2af22","короткой",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":192,"type":49},") до 5 с половиной октав во 2-й половине 18 в. В 16–18 вв. были распространены клавикорды с педальной клавиатурой (её диапазон 1–2 октавы). ",{"attrs":194,"content":195,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[196,198,207,209,217],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":197,"type":49},"На клавикордах употреблялись те же системы темперации, что и на ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":199,"text":206,"type":49},[200],{"attrs":201,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":202,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":203,"link_type":205,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"7e66023e-3a42-42e7-8ff4-6de3e15526b5",{"slug":204,"type":67},"organ-muzykal-nyi-instrument-7e6602","52","органах",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":208,"type":49},", ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":210,"text":216,"type":49},[211],{"attrs":212,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":213,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":214,"link_type":205,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"552d0570-56b2-45fe-bbe1-ace613d62f20",{"slug":215,"type":67},"klavesin-552d05","клавесинах",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":218,"type":49}," и других клавишных (за исключением «связанного» клавикорда; на таком клавикорде темперация определялась изначально изготовителем инструмента, который фиксировал тангенты, относящиеся к одному и тому же хору струн, на заданном расстоянии).",{"attrs":220,"content":221,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[222,224,230,232,240],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":223,"type":49},"Клавикорд обладает самым тихим звуком из всех клавишных (в пределах ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":225,"text":229,"type":49},[226],{"attrs":227,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":228},{"version":46},"italic","p – pp",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":231,"type":49},"), что связано со способом звукоизвлечения: тангент ударяет по струне в том месте, где ограничивается (им же) её звучащая часть, поэтому амплитуда колебаний струны не может быть высокой; эта особенность ведёт и к слабой роли основного тона в звуковом спектре. При этом клавикорд считается одним из самых выразительных клавишных инструментов (наряду с ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":233,"text":239,"type":49},[234],{"attrs":235,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":236,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":237,"link_type":205,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"1fae74ca-60dd-4ff2-9fc7-df44b7a6e782",{"slug":238,"type":67},"fortepiano-1fae74","фортепиано",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":241,"type":49},"): простота механики и чрезвычайная лёгкость возникновения звука (без физических усилий) обеспечивают пальцам исполнителя хороший контакт со струнами. В отличие от клавесина и фортепиано, клавикорд даёт некоторые возможности работы со звуком после момента его взятия; особенно выразительно вибрато (нем. Bebung, от beben – дрожать), достигаемое вертикальным покачиванием пальца на клавише. Со слабой звучностью инструмента связано его ограниченное использование: почти исключительно в качестве домашнего и учебного. ",{"attrs":243,"content":244,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[245],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":246,"type":49},"Репертуар клавикорда в основном общий с другими современными ему клавишными инструментами.",{"attrs":248,"content":249,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[250,252,261,263,272,274,282,283,291],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":251,"type":49},"Высокой степени популярности клавикорд достиг в Германии во 2-й половине 18 в.: его выразительные качества оказались созвучны ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":253,"text":260,"type":49},[254],{"attrs":255,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":256,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":257,"link_type":141,"navigation_value":259,"target":14,"version":46},"5d303a99-6c53-497e-b47a-2a82bbda5a52",{"slug":258,"type":67},"sentimentalizm-5d303a","h2_muzыka","сентиментализму",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":262,"type":49},". Клавикорд – излюбленный инструмент ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":264,"text":271,"type":49},[265],{"attrs":266,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":267,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":268,"link_type":270,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"ebb73707-2aa4-460a-bcd4-99ff9fa4e923",{"slug":269,"type":67},"bakh-karl-filipp-emanuel-ebb737","28","К. Ф. Э. Баха",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":273,"type":49},"; увлечение инструментом разделяли ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":275,"text":281,"type":49},[276],{"attrs":277,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":278,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":279,"link_type":270,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"abdef81e-301a-4716-b8bd-5458fa8dbb56",{"slug":280,"type":67},"bakh-iogann-kristian-abdef8","И. К. Бах",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":208,"type":49},{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":284,"text":290,"type":49},[285],{"attrs":286,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":287,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":288,"link_type":270,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"15d2158b-2f6c-4c0a-a959-c180c8d18989",{"slug":289,"type":67},"shubart-kristian-fridrikh-daniel-15d215","К. Ф. Д. Шубарт",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":292,"type":49},", Даниэль Готлоб Тюрк (1750–1813) и др. ",{"attrs":294,"content":295,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[296,298,307],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":297,"type":49},"Лучшие клавикорды 18 в. вышли из мастерских ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":299,"text":306,"type":49},[300],{"attrs":301,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":302,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":303,"link_type":305,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"4741a7b5-f55c-4925-9941-e7ee345bcbc9",{"slug":304,"type":67},"zil-berman-gotfrid-4741a7","37","Г. Зильбермана",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":308,"type":49},", Я. Адлунга, К. Г. Хуберта, династий Шидмайер, Шмаль, Хасс (Германия), П. Линдхольма (Швеция). Мода на клавикорды угасла в связи с распространением фортепиано. Производство клавикордов (в Германии и Швеции) поддерживалось приблизительно до 1830 г.",{"attrs":310,"content":311,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[312,314,322,324,332,333,341],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":313,"type":49},"Работу по возрождению этого инструмента начал английский музыкант ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":315,"text":321,"type":49},[316],{"attrs":317,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":318,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":319,"link_type":270,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"0a4ce1f8-c67f-4cc1-892c-6a5e261bb3f7",{"slug":320,"type":67},"dolmech-arnol-d-0a4ce1","А. Долмеч",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":323,"type":49}," в конце 19 в. В 20–21 вв. к клавикорду обращаются не многие исполнители (например, ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":325,"text":331,"type":49},[326],{"attrs":327,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":328,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":329,"link_type":270,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"974db9c6-b044-42f6-97bb-a7ca6a7ee1fb",{"slug":330,"type":67},"kiorkpatrik-ralf-974db9","Р. Кёркпатрик",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":208,"type":49},{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":334,"text":340,"type":49},[335],{"attrs":336,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":337,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":338,"link_type":270,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"6beb2b72-b109-4a95-b7e7-df0a421a7efc",{"slug":339,"type":67},"leonkhardt-gustav-6beb2b","Г. Леонхардт",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":342,"type":49},", Илтон Вьюниски) в силу малой его приспособленности к концертной практике и сложности звукозаписи (звук клавикорда сильно искажается). ",{"attrs":344,"content":345,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":52},{"textAlign":11},[346,348,356],{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":347,"type":49},"Среди немногих специально написанных сочинений – пьесы ",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":349,"text":355,"type":49},[350],{"attrs":351,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":68},{"content_id":352,"external":13,"graph_link":7,"href":63,"kind_id":64,"link":353,"link_type":270,"navigation_value":11,"target":14,"version":46},"21f55ede-99a1-40d5-8ff6-450879a87e02",{"slug":354,"type":67},"buzoni-ferruchcho-21f55e","Ф. Бузони",{"attrs":11,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":357,"type":49}," для педального клавикорда.",{"attrs":359,"content":11,"marks":11,"text":14,"type":365},{"list":360},[361],{"slug":362,"type":363,"value":364},"dy-goldobin-fadb41","portal_author","Голдобин Дмитрий Юрьевич","author","doc","Голдобин Д. Ю. Клавикорд // Большая российская энциклопедия: научно-образовательный портал – URL: https://bigenc.ru/c/klavikord-40d7da/?v=9207100. – Дата публикации: 07.12.2023","Исторические инструменты",{"descriptionList":370,"image":380},[371,374,377],{"kind":49,"label":372,"value":373},"Области знаний","Хордофоны",{"kind":49,"label":375,"value":376},"Другие наименования","Клавикорды",{"kind":49,"label":378,"value":379},"Тип инструмента по Хорнбостелю-Заксу","Хордофон",{"caption":381,"element":384},{"copyright":151,"copyrightLink":152,"text":382,"title":383},"Клавикорд. Мастер Кристиан Кинцинг. Германия. 1763. Метрополитен-музей, Нью-Йорк.","Клавикорд. 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