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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Thonburi" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Thonburi" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti personali" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Thonburi" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Thonburi" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fondazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fondazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fondazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fondazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insediamento_militare_francese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insediamento_militare_francese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Insediamento militare francese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insediamento_militare_francese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capitale_del_Siam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capitale_del_Siam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Capitale del Siam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capitale_del_Siam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipalità_assorbita_da_Bangkok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalità_assorbita_da_Bangkok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Municipalità assorbita da Bangkok</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipalità_assorbita_da_Bangkok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luoghi_di_interesse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luoghi_di_interesse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Luoghi di interesse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luoghi_di_interesse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thonburi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 16 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thonburi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thonburi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thonburi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تونبوری - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تونبوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thonburi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thonburi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="トンブリー - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トンブリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="ខេត្តធនបុរី - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ខេត្តធនបុរី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A4%EB%B6%80%EB%A6%AC" title="톤부리 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="톤부리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thonburi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thonburi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thonburi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="จังหวัดธนบุรี - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จังหวัดธนบุรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Thonburi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تھون بوری - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھون بوری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9E%E6%AD%A6%E9%87%8C" title="吞武里 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="吞武里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6580711#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Thonburi" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussione:Thonburi&action=edit&redlink=1" 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collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Thonburi" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&oldid=139870434" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Thonburi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Thonburi" hreflang="it"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6580711" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" 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decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando il distretto di Bangkok, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Thon_Buri_(distretto)" title="Thon Buri (distretto)">Thon Buri (distretto)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Bangkok.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Siege_of_Bangkok.JPG/310px-Siege_of_Bangkok.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Siege_of_Bangkok.JPG/465px-Siege_of_Bangkok.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Siege_of_Bangkok.JPG/620px-Siege_of_Bangkok.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1319" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>Il villaggio fortificato di Thonburi, in basso a sinistra nella mappa, durante l'assedio del forte francese di Bangkok nel 1688.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Thonburi</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_thailandese" title="Lingua thailandese">thailandese</a> ธนบุรี) è una vasta zona situata nella parte occidentale di <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, la capitale della <a href="/wiki/Thailandia" title="Thailandia">Thailandia</a>, sulla riva destra del fiume <a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya">Chao Phraya</a>, a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004300000000000000♠"></span>30 km</span> dal <a href="/wiki/Golfo_della_Thailandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Golfo della Thailandia">Golfo della Thailandia</a>. In precedenza era una città autonoma e fu dal 1768 la capitale del Siam, l'odierna <a href="/wiki/Thailandia" title="Thailandia">Thailandia</a>. Rimase capitale fino al 1782, quando sulla riva opposta fu fondata Bangkok, che divenne subito la nuova capitale del Siam. </p><p>Dopo aver perso il rango di capitale fu capoluogo dell'omonima provincia e nel 1972 fu inglobata nella metropoli di Bangkok, di cui costituisce il vasto e popoloso quartiere a ovest del fiume. Ancora oggi è conosciuta col nome di Thonburi, sebbene sia stata frazionata in diversi distretti <i>(<a href="/wiki/Khet" class="mw-redirect" title="Khet">khet</a>)</i> di cui uno solo reca il suo nome. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fondazione">Fondazione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Fondazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fondazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thonburi fu fondata nel 1563 con il nome Thonburi Si Maha Samut (città oceanica di grande valore). La sua posizione intermedia sul fiume <a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya">Chao Phraya</a> tra l'allora capitale <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya" title="Ayutthaya">Ayutthaya</a> ed il mare ne fece un porto <a href="/wiki/Dogana" title="Dogana">doganale</a> di particolare importanza anche come avamposto militare. La città sorse nei pressi della fortezza Wicha Prasitwong, edificata nel 1557 lungo il fiume nelle immediate vicinanze del <a href="/wiki/Wat_Arun" title="Wat Arun">Wat Arun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insediamento_militare_francese">Insediamento militare francese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Insediamento militare francese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Insediamento militare francese"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nella seconda metà del <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">XVII secolo</a>, i francesi cercarono di estendere la loro influenza in Siam e in questa zona individuarono un punto strategico per la sua vicinanza al mare. Si insediarono nella fortezza di Thonburi e ne costruirono una seconda dall'altra parte del fiume, nell'odierna Bangkok, su concessione del re <a href="/wiki/Narai" title="Narai">Narai</a> di <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Ayutthaya" title="Regno di Ayutthaya">Ayutthaya</a>, che vedeva l'alleanza con i francesi necessaria per arginare l'espansionismo olandese e portoghese nel <a href="/wiki/Sud-est_asiatico" title="Sud-est asiatico">sud-est asiatico</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le simpatie filo-francesi del monarca generarono un malumore che sfociò nella <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rivoluzione_siamese_del_1688&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rivoluzione siamese del 1688 (la pagina non esiste)">rivoluzione siamese del 1688</a>, il re fu deposto e i francesi si asserragliarono nella grande fortezza di Bangkok, quella di Thonburi fu abbandonata e occupata dagli insorti, che la usarono per bombardare i francesi. L'assedio durò quasi 5 mesi, sino alla tregua e al ritiro francese nel novembre del 1688. La fortezza di Bangkok ai giorni odierni non esiste più, mentre quella di Thonburi è stata rimodernata ed è sede della <a href="/wiki/Reale_Marina_Militare_Thailandese" class="mw-redirect" title="Reale Marina Militare Thailandese">Reale Marina Militare Thailandese</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KingTaksin_of_Thonburi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/KingTaksin_of_Thonburi.jpg/150px-KingTaksin_of_Thonburi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/KingTaksin_of_Thonburi.jpg/225px-KingTaksin_of_Thonburi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/KingTaksin_of_Thonburi.jpg/300px-KingTaksin_of_Thonburi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Un ritratto di <a href="/wiki/Taksin" title="Taksin">Taksin</a>, dipinto da un missionario francese.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capitale_del_Siam">Capitale del Siam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Capitale del Siam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Capitale del Siam"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Thonburi" title="Regno di Thonburi">Regno di Thonburi</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Taksin" title="Taksin">Taksin</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Alla caduta del <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Ayutthaya" title="Regno di Ayutthaya">Regno di Ayutthaya</a>, nell'aprile del 1767, Thonburi salì nuovamente alla cronaca. Gli invasori birmani vi insediarono il loro incaricato alla riscossione delle tasse, il siamese Thongin. I siamesi si riorganizzarono e nel novembre dello stesso anno il loro comandante <a href="/wiki/Taksin" title="Taksin">Taksin</a>, alla testa di un esercito di 5.000 uomini, dapprima occupò Thonburi e poi marciò sul campo birmano nei pressi della capitale distrutta, sbaragliando il nemico e costringendolo alla fuga. Già allora Taksin fu acclamato re dai suoi uomini. Date le difficoltà di ricostruire Ayutthaya, stabilì la capitale a Thonburi per la sua posizione strategica vicino al mare, che gli garantiva sia il controllo delle forniture di armi, truppe e approvvigionamenti dal sud, che una rapida via di fuga verso la sua roccaforte di <a href="/wiki/Chanthaburi" title="Chanthaburi">Chanthaburi</a>, sulle coste orientali del golfo di Thailandia, in caso di un nuovo attacco del nemico. Inoltre le ridotte dimensioni della città si adattavano al numero esiguo di forze di cui disponeva e i birmani non conoscevano bene il territorio circostante come invece conoscevano quello attorno ad Ayutthaya.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nei pressi del Wat Arun fece costruire il Palazzo Reale di Thonburi, che in seguito prese il nome di <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Reale_Wang_Derm" title="Palazzo Reale Wang Derm">Palazzo Reale Wang Derm</a>, l'unico edificio degno di nota eretto durante il suo regno. Dopo aver intrapreso con successo la riunificazione del paese, che si era spaccato in seguito alla caduta di Ayutthaya, si fece incoronare all'età di soli 34 anni nel nuovo palazzo il 28 dicembre <a href="/wiki/1768" title="1768">1768</a> con il nome di Re Boromaraja IV (<a href="/wiki/Ekathat" title="Ekathat">Ekathat</a> era il nome con cui veniva chiamato il suo predecessore Boromaraja III di Ayutthaya), ma fu sempre ed è tuttora conosciuto dai thailandesi col nome di <a href="/wiki/Taksin" title="Taksin">Taksin</a>. Con la sua ascesa al trono nacque il breve <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Thonburi" title="Regno di Thonburi">Regno di Thonburi</a>, di cui fu l'unico monarca. Non ebbe mai il tempo di ingrandire ed abbellire la città, impegnato come fu nelle guerre interne al Siam e in quelle espansionistiche.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il regno durò solo 14 anni. Alla sua morte, il 6 aprile 1782, gli succedette il re <a href="/wiki/Rama_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama I">Rama I</a>, che diede inizio alla dinastia <a href="/wiki/Chakri" title="Chakri">Chakri</a>, tuttora regnante in Thailandia. La capitale fu spostata sulla sponda opposta del fiume <a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya">Chao Phraya</a>, e prese il nome di Rattanakosin (letteralmente: <i>il luogo dove è custodito il <a href="/wiki/Buddha_di_Smeraldo" title="Buddha di Smeraldo">Buddha di Smeraldo</a></i>), il nucleo della odierna Bangkok. Iniziò allora il <a href="/wiki/Regno_di_Rattanakosin" title="Regno di Rattanakosin">Regno di Rattanakosin</a>, il cui nome fu mutato in <b>Regno di Thailandia</b> nel 1939. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipalità_assorbita_da_Bangkok"><span id="Municipalit.C3.A0_assorbita_da_Bangkok"></span>Municipalità assorbita da Bangkok</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Municipalità assorbita da Bangkok" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Municipalità assorbita da Bangkok"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangkok ben presto si espanse finendo per divenire una grande metropoli. Thonburi per lungo tempo rimase la seconda più grande città della Thailandia fino a che nel 1972 fu assorbita da Bangkok. Nel 1970 arrivò a contare circa 600 000 residenti, mentre nessun'altra città thailandese ha mai superato i 400 000. Il territorio che fu di Thonburi, è oggi suddiviso in 15 quartieri. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wat_Arun_Stairway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Wat_Arun_Stairway.jpg/220px-Wat_Arun_Stairway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Wat_Arun_Stairway.jpg/330px-Wat_Arun_Stairway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Wat_Arun_Stairway.jpg/440px-Wat_Arun_Stairway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Wat Arun</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Luoghi_di_interesse">Luoghi di interesse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Luoghi di interesse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Luoghi di interesse"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fra i molti templi di Thonburi, va segnalato nel distretto di Bangkok Yai, lungo il fiume, il famoso <a href="/wiki/Wat_Arun" title="Wat Arun">Wat Arun</a>, antico complesso templare in <a href="/wiki/Architettura_della_Cambogia" title="Architettura della Cambogia">stile khmer</a> dell'epoca di Ayutthaya. Nelle sue adiacenze si trova il <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Reale_Wang_Derm" title="Palazzo Reale Wang Derm">Palazzo Reale Wang Derm</a>, che nel <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> fu donato dal re <a href="/wiki/Rama_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama V">Rama V</a> alla Accademia Navale Siamese, e dal <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> è diventato il <a href="/wiki/Quartier_generale" title="Quartier generale">quartier generale</a> della <a href="/wiki/Kongthap_Ruea_Thai" title="Kongthap Ruea Thai">Marina militare Thailandese</a>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/Thon_Buri_(distretto)" title="Thon Buri (distretto)">distretto di Thonburi</a> è stato eretto un monumento equestre in onore di re Taksin e ogni 28 dicembre, data della sua ascesa al trono, molti thailandesi lo visitano per onorare la memoria del sovrano. Nel distretto di <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Noi" title="Bangkok Noi">Bangkok Noi</a> sorge la stazione ferroviaria di Thonburi-Noi, da cui partono i treni che in un suggestivo viaggio collegano la capitale con <a href="/wiki/Kanchanaburi" title="Kanchanaburi">Kanchanaburi</a> e l'ovest del paese fino a <i>Nam Tok</i>. La stazione di Thonburi, una delle prime costruite in Thailandia, è stata smantellata nei primi anni del XXI secolo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Jean Vollant des Verquains <i>History of the revolution in Siam in the year 1688</i>, in Smithies 2002, pp. 95-96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events15.html">Historical Events 1500-1599</a>, ayutthaya-history.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) The Van Beeck, Steve: <i>Chao Phya, River in Transition</i>. Pp. 41-44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Smithies 2002, pp. 9-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Sunthorn Phu, Nirat Phra Bart (นิราศพระบาท), Kong Toon (กองทุน), 2007, pp. 123–124, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-974-482-064-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-974-482-064-8">978-974-482-064-8</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Syamananda, p. 94.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Smithies, Michael (2002), <i>Three military accounts of the 1688 "Revolution" in Siam</i>, Itineria Asiatica, Orchid Press, Bangkok, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9745240052" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 974-524-005-2</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Rong Syamananda, <span style="font-style:italic;">A History of Thailand</span>, Chulalongkorn University, 1990, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/974-07-6413-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/974-07-6413-4">974-07-6413-4</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Thonburi" class="extiw" title="voy:Thonburi">Wikivoyage</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikivoyage"><img alt="Collabora a Wikivoyage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/18px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/36px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:">Wikivoyage</a> contiene informazioni turistiche su <b><a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Thonburi" class="extiw" title="voy:Thonburi">Thonburi</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thonburi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a href="https://it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/en:Bangkok/Thonburi" class="extiw" title="voy:en:Bangkok/Thonburi">Bangkok/Thonburi</a> su <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thailandia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/25px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/38px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/50px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Thailandia" title="Portale:Thailandia">Portale Thailandia</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che parlano della Thailandia</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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