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data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fire_test" title="Special:EditPage/Fire test">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fire+test%22">"Fire test"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fire+test%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fire+test%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fire+test%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fire+test%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fire+test%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cable_tray_fire_sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cable_tray_fire_sweden.jpg/220px-Cable_tray_fire_sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cable_tray_fire_sweden.jpg/330px-Cable_tray_fire_sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cable_tray_fire_sweden.jpg/440px-Cable_tray_fire_sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3440" /></a><figcaption>Fire test in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, showing rapid fire spread through burning of cable jackets from one <a href="/wiki/Cable_tray" title="Cable tray">cable tray</a> to another</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>fire test</b> is a means of determining whether <a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">fire protection</a> products meet minimum performance criteria as set out in a <a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">building code</a> or other applicable legislation. Successful tests in laboratories holding national accreditation for testing and certification result in the issuance of a <a href="/wiki/Certification_listing" title="Certification listing">certification listing</a>. </p><p>Components and systems subject to certification fire testing include fire rated walls and floors, closures within them such as windows, <a href="/wiki/Fire_door" title="Fire door">fire doors</a>, fire dampers, <a href="/wiki/Structural_steel" title="Structural steel">structural steel</a>, and fire stops. Fire tests are conducted both on <a href="/wiki/Active_fire_protection" title="Active fire protection">active fire protection</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Passive_fire_protection" title="Passive fire protection">passive fire protection</a> items. There are full-scale, small-scale and bench-scale tests. </p><p>Fire testing considers all applicable provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Product_certification" title="Product certification">product certification</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_fire_testing_for_products_and_systems">Examples of fire testing for products and systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_test&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples of fire testing for products and systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM</a> E84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Steiner_tunnel_test" title="Steiner tunnel test">Steiner tunnel test</a></li> <li>ASTM E1354 Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an <a href="/wiki/Cone_calorimeter" title="Cone calorimeter">Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter</a></li> <li>ASTM D7309 Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microscale_Combustion_Calorimetry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microscale Combustion Calorimetry (page does not exist)">Microscale Combustion Calorimetry</a></li> <li>ASTM D2863 Standard Test Method for Measuring the <a href="/wiki/Limiting_oxygen_index" title="Limiting oxygen index">Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)</a></li> <li>DIN 4102 Part 1 Fire behaviour of building materials and building components – Part 1: Building materials; concepts, requirements and tests</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UL_94" title="UL 94">UL 94 Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances</a></li> <li>UL 2221 Tests of Fire Resistive Grease Duct Enclosure Assemblies</li> <li>UL 1479 Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Firestops</li> <li>UL 1709 Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel</li> <li>UL 2085 Protected Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_16034" title="EN 16034">EN 16034</a> Pedestrian doorsets, industrial, commercial, garage doors and openable windows – Product standard, performance characteristics – Fire resisting and/or smoke control characteristics</li> <li>FAR 25.853 [a-1] & ASTM E 906 Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products, also known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=OSU_Rate_of_Heat_Release_Apparatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSU Rate of Heat Release Apparatus (page does not exist)">OSU Test</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisations_that_perform_fire_testing">Organisations that perform fire testing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_test&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organisations that perform fire testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=QAI_Laboratories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QAI Laboratories (page does not exist)">QAI Laboratories</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Research_Institute" title="Southwest Research Institute">Southwest Research Institute</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groupe_CTT_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groupe CTT Group (page does not exist)">Groupe CTT Group</a>, Canada<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Currenta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Currenta (page does not exist)">Currenta</a>, Germany<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warringtonfire_(Formerly_known_as_Exova)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warringtonfire (Formerly known as Exova) (page does not exist)">Exova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Applus%2B_Laboratories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Applus+ Laboratories (page does not exist)">Applus+ Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTA_Inc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NTA Inc (page does not exist)">NTA Inc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertek" title="Intertek">Intertek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwriters Laboratories">Underwriters Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_Global" title="FM Global">FM Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (Canada)">National Research Council</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li>iBMB at <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Braunschweig" class="mw-redirect" title="Technische Universität Braunschweig">Technische Universität Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EFECTIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EFECTIS (page does not exist)">EFECTIS</a> (regroup CTICM & TNO fire proofing laboratories)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_Testing_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC Testing Services (page does not exist)">NGC Testing Services</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Thomas Bell-Wright International Consultants</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ad_hoc_fire_testing">Ad hoc fire testing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_test&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ad hoc fire testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A fire test can also mean an <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc_testing" title="Ad hoc testing">ad hoc test</a> performed to gather information in order to understand a specific hazard, such as a construction or storage configuration. Tests can be bench scale (e.g., flammable liquid flash point), medium scale (e.g., storage commodity classification), or full scale (e.g., replication of an entire rack storage configuration).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typical information gathered from full-scale testing is heat release rate vs. time, smoke production and species composition, radiant heat, and interaction with <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">fire control</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fire_suppression_system" title="Fire suppression system">suppression</a> systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fire_test_examples">Fire test examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_test&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fire test examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many fire tests are run by official laboratories for the purpose of product certification. However, some manufacturers of fire protection products also maintain their own facilities and run tests for <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">R & D</a> purposes before going to the expense and exposure of a test at a third party facility. </p><p>Some universities have functioning fire research groups which are equipped to run fire tests on building materials. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson_furnace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Private fire test furnace used for research and development by a firestop manufacturer"><img alt="Private fire test furnace used for research and development by a firestop manufacturer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Nelson_furnace.jpg/120px-Nelson_furnace.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Nelson_furnace.jpg/180px-Nelson_furnace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Nelson_furnace.jpg/240px-Nelson_furnace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2915" data-file-height="2088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Private fire test furnace used for <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> by a firestop manufacturer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3m_fire_test_furnace_cottage_grove_mn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Private test furnace, ready to test a cable tray firestop system"><img alt="Private test furnace, ready to test a cable tray firestop system" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/3m_fire_test_furnace_cottage_grove_mn.jpg/120px-3m_fire_test_furnace_cottage_grove_mn.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/3m_fire_test_furnace_cottage_grove_mn.jpg/180px-3m_fire_test_furnace_cottage_grove_mn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/3m_fire_test_furnace_cottage_grove_mn.jpg/240px-3m_fire_test_furnace_cottage_grove_mn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4574" data-file-height="3146" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Private test furnace, ready to test a <a href="/wiki/Cable_tray" title="Cable tray">cable tray</a> <a href="/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop">firestop</a> <a href="/wiki/System" title="System">system</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmp_test_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Furnace used in fire testing."><img alt="Furnace used in fire testing." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cmp_test_7.jpg/88px-Cmp_test_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cmp_test_7.jpg/132px-Cmp_test_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cmp_test_7.jpg/175px-Cmp_test_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="4144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Furnace_(house_heating)" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace (house heating)">Furnace</a> used in fire testing. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmp_test_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Following successful three hour fire endurance test, application of hose stream"><img alt="Following successful three hour fire endurance test, application of hose stream" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Cmp_test_13.jpg/120px-Cmp_test_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Cmp_test_13.jpg/180px-Cmp_test_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Cmp_test_13.jpg/240px-Cmp_test_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3417" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Following successful three hour fire endurance test, application of hose stream</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_test&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop">Firestop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listing_and_approval_use_and_compliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Listing and approval use and compliance">Listing and approval use and compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_certification" title="Product certification">Product certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intumescent" title="Intumescent">Intumescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(firestop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortar (firestop)">Firestop Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicone" title="Silicone">Silicone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-resistance_rating" title="Fire-resistance rating">Fire-resistance rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certification_listing" title="Certification listing">Certification listing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmarnock_tests" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalmarnock tests">Dalmarnock tests</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_test&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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.reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qai.org/fire-and-flammability-testing/">"Flammability Testing of Materials | Fire Testing of Materials"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flammability+Testing+of+Materials+%26%23124%3B+Fire+Testing+of+Materials&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqai.org%2Ffire-and-flammability-testing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+test" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swri.org/industries/fire">"SwRI"</a>. <i>www.swri.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.swri.org&rft.atitle=SwRI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swri.org%2Findustries%2Ffire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+test" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcttg.com">"Groupe CTT"</a>. <i>Groupe CTT</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Groupe+CTT&rft.atitle=Groupe+CTT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcttg.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+test" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fire-testing.eu">"Services"</a>. <i>www.analytics.currenta.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.analytics.currenta.com&rft.atitle=Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fire-testing.eu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+test" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efectis.com/">"Efectis"</a>. <i>Efectis</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Efectis&rft.atitle=Efectis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efectis.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+test" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngctestingservices.com/fire.html">"NGCTS"</a>. <i>www.ngctestingservices.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ngctestingservices.com&rft.atitle=NGCTS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngctestingservices.com%2Ffire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+test" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems</i> 2007 Edition, Annex C <i>Explanation of Test Data and Procedures for Rack Storage</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fire_protection" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Fire_protection" title="Template:Fire protection"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fire_protection" title="Template talk:Fire protection"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fire_protection" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fire protection"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fire_protection" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">Fire protection</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backdraft" title="Backdraft">Backdraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_liquid_expanding_vapor_explosion" title="Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion">Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion</a> (BLEVE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boilover" title="Boilover">Boilover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combustibility_and_flammability" title="Combustibility and flammability">Combustibility and flammability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflagration" title="Conflagration">Conflagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangerous_goods" title="Dangerous goods">Dangerous goods</a> (HAZMAT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflagration" title="Deflagration">Deflagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detonation" title="Detonation">Detonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dust_explosion" title="Dust explosion">Dust explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization" title="Enthalpy of vaporization">Enthalpy of vaporization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">Explosive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_class" title="Fire class">Fire class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_control" title="Fire control">Fire control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_loading" title="Fire loading">Fire loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_point" title="Fire point">Fire point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_triangle" title="Fire triangle">Fire triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flammability_diagram" title="Flammability diagram">Flammability diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flammability_limit" title="Flammability limit">Flammability limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flammable_liquid" title="Flammable liquid">Flammable liquid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashover" title="Flashover">Flashover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friction_loss" title="Friction loss">Friction loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_leak" title="Gas leak">Gas leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_fire" title="Jet fire">Jet fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-factor_(fire_protection)" title="K-factor (fire protection)">K-factor (fire protection)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_fire" title="Pool fire">Pool fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrolysis" title="Pyrolysis">Pyrolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_combustion" title="Spontaneous combustion">Spontaneous combustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_fire" title="Structure fire">Structure fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">Thermal radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Water pressure">Water pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_system" title="Fire alarm system"><img alt="Fire alarm sensor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg/90px-Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg/135px-Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg/180px-Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_fire_protection" title="Active fire protection">Active fire protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_fire_suppression" title="Automatic fire suppression">Automatic fire suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensed_aerosol_fire_suppression" title="Condensed aerosol fire suppression">Condensed aerosol fire suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detonation_flame_arrester" title="Detonation flame arrester">Detonation flame arrester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_water_spray_system" title="External water spray system">External water spray system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_bucket" title="Fire bucket">Fire bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_prevention" title="Fire prevention">Fire prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">Fire protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant" title="Fire retardant">Fire retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-retardant_fabric" title="Fire-retardant fabric">Fire-retardant fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant_gel" title="Fire retardant gel">Fire retardant gel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-safe_polymers" title="Fire-safe polymers">Fire-safe polymers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_safety" title="Fire safety">Fire safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_sprinkler_system" title="Fire sprinkler system">Fire sprinkler system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_suppression_system" title="Fire suppression system">Fire suppression system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_foam" title="Firefighting foam">Firefighting foam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_arrester" title="Flame arrester">Flame arrester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_retardant" title="Flame retardant">Flame retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashback_arrestor" title="Flashback arrestor">Flashback arrestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusible_link" title="Fusible link">Fusible link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaseous_fire_suppression" title="Gaseous fire suppression">Gaseous fire suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxic_air_technology_for_fire_prevention" title="Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention">Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inerting_system" title="Inerting system">Inerting system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intumescent" title="Intumescent">Intumescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_fire_protection" title="Passive fire protection">Passive fire protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a> (PPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_valve" title="Relief valve">Relief valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_arrestor" title="Spark arrestor">Spark arrestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_blanketing" title="Tank blanketing">Tank blanketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_fire_suppression_system" title="Vehicle fire suppression system">Vehicle fire suppression system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Building design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annulus_(firestop)" title="Annulus (firestop)">Annulus (firestop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_refuge" title="Area of refuge">Area of refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_pump" title="Booster pump">Booster pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_compartmentation" title="Fire compartmentation">Compartmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_bar" title="Crash bar">Crash bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_door_holder" title="Electromagnetic door holder">Electromagnetic door holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_lock" title="Electromagnetic lock">Electromagnetic lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_exit" title="Emergency exit">Emergency exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_light" title="Emergency light">Emergency light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_sign" title="Exit sign">Exit sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_curtain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire curtain">Fire curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_cut" title="Fire cut">Fire cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_damper" title="Fire damper">Fire damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_door" title="Fire door">Fire door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_escape" title="Fire escape">Fire escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">Fire extinguisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">Fire hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hydrant" title="Fire hydrant">Fire hydrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_pump" title="Fire pump">Fire pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_sprinkler" title="Fire sprinkler">Fire sprinkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop">Firestop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestop_pillow" title="Firestop pillow">Firestop pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewall_(construction)" title="Firewall (construction)">Firewall (construction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_duct" title="Grease duct">Grease duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_and_smoke_vent" title="Heat and smoke vent">Heat and smoke vent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupancy" title="Occupancy">Occupancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packing_(firestopping)" title="Packing (firestopping)">Packing (firestopping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetrant_(mechanical,_electrical,_or_structural)" title="Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural)">Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetration_(firestop)" title="Penetration (firestop)">Penetration (firestop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressurisation_ductwork" title="Pressurisation ductwork">Pressurisation ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_glass" title="Safety glass">Safety glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_control" title="Smoke control">Smoke control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_damper" title="Smoke damper">Smoke damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_exhaust_ductwork" title="Smoke exhaust ductwork">Smoke exhaust ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokeproof_enclosure" title="Smokeproof enclosure">Smokeproof enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standpipe_(firefighting)" title="Standpipe (firefighting)">Standpipe (firefighting)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_system" title="Fire alarm system">Fire alarm systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspirating_smoke_detector" title="Aspirating smoke detector">Aspirating smoke detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_detector" title="Carbon monoxide detector">Carbon monoxide detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_integrity" title="Circuit integrity">Circuit integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive_gas_leak_detector" title="Explosive gas leak detector">Explosive gas leak detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_call_box" title="Fire alarm call box">Fire alarm call box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_control_panel" title="Fire alarm control panel">Fire alarm control panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_notification_appliance" title="Fire alarm notification appliance">Fire alarm notification appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_drill" title="Fire drill">Fire drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_detector" title="Flame detector">Flame detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_detector" title="Heat detector">Heat detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_fire_alarm_activation" title="Manual fire alarm activation">Manual fire alarm activation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_detector" title="Smoke detector">Smoke detector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions, trades,<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duct_cleaning" class="mw-redirect" title="Duct cleaning">Duct cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire insurance">Fire insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">Fire protection engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireproofing" title="Fireproofing">Fireproofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-resistance_rating" title="Fire-resistance rating">Fire-resistance rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Safety_Evaluation_System" title="Fire Safety Evaluation System">Fire Safety Evaluation System</a> (FSES)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fire test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_exhaust_cleaning" title="Kitchen exhaust cleaning">Kitchen exhaust cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listing_and_approval_use_and_compliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Listing and approval use and compliance">Listing and approval use and compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprinkler_fitting" title="Sprinkler fitting">Sprinkler fitting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Equipment_Manufacturers%27_Association" title="Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association">Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association</a> (FEMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Fire_Engineers" title="Institution of Fire Engineers">Institution of Fire Engineers</a> (IFE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Examiners_for_Engineering_and_Surveying" title="National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying">National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying</a> (NCEES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a> (NFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Fire_Protection_Engineers" title="Society of Fire Protection Engineers">Society of Fire Protection Engineers </a> (SFPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwriters Laboratories">Underwriters Laboratories</a> (UL)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CE_marking" title="CE marking">CE marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_3" title="EN 3">EN 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_54" title="EN 54">EN 54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_16034" title="EN 16034">EN 16034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_spread" title="Flame spread">Flame spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">GHS hazard statements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">GHS precautionary statements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Safety_Code" title="Life Safety Code">Life Safety Code</a> (NFPA 101)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_R-phrases" title="List of R-phrases">List of R-phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_S-phrases" title="List of S-phrases">List of S-phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UL_94" title="UL 94">UL 94</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._Guise_Medal" title="Arthur B. Guise Medal">Arthur B. Guise Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Technology#Harry_C._Bigglestone_Award" title="Fire Technology">Harry C. 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