Machine Learning Tutorial

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Deep learning supports automatic extraction of features from the raw data." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Q.2. What are the different type of machine learning algorithms ?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Supervised algorithms: These are the algorithms which learn from the labelled data, e.g. images labelled with dog face or not. Algorithm depends on supervised or labelled data. e.g. regression, object detection, segmentation.Non-Supervised algorithms: These are the algorithms which learn from the non labelled data, e.g. bunch of images given to make a similar set of images. e.g. clustering, dimensionality reduction etc.Semi-Supervised algorithms: Algorithms that uses both supervised or non-supervised data. Majority portion of data use for these algorithms are not supervised data. e.g. anamoly detection." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Q.3. 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What is the difference between Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning ?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEMACHINE LEARNINGDevelop an intelligent system that perform variety of complex jobs.Construct machines that can only accomplish the jobs for which they have trained.It works as a program that does smart work.The tasks systems machine takes data and learns from data.AI has broad variety of applications.ML allows systems to learn new things from data.AI leads wisdom.ML leads to knowledge." } } ] }</script> <script> var arrPostCat = new Array(); var arrPostCatName="AIMLDS"; arrPostCat.push('3188'); arrPostCat.push('9172'); var tIds = "3188,9172,6527"; var termsNames = "MachineLearning,AIMLDS,Tutorials"; var tIdsInclusiveParents = "3188,9172,6527" var domain = 1; var arrPost = new Array(); var post_id = "1268561"; var post_type = "post"; var post_slug = window.location.href; var ip = "64.252.71.234"; var post_title = `Machine Learning Tutorial`; var post_status = "publish"; var practiceAPIURL="https://practiceapi.geeksforgeeks.org/"; var practiceURL="https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/"; var post_date = "2023-12-31 11:37:20"; var commentSysUrl = "https://discuss.geeksforgeeks.org/commentEmbedV2.js"; //var postAdApiUrlString = ""; var link_on_code_run = ''; var link_search_modal_top = ''; var country_code_cf = "US"; var postAdApiUrlString = '9172/3188/9172/6527/'; </script>  <meta name="description" content="A Computer Science portal for geeks. 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='https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMLTrzwsw44bnAw?hl=en-IN&gl=IN&ceid=IN%3Aen' target="_blank"> <img class="gfg-icon_Gnews no-zoom-in-cursor" src=https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/Google-news.svg loading="lazy" alt="News"></img> <span class='kebab_menu_news_text'>Follow</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text"> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><span>Machine Learning tutorial covers basic and advanced concepts, specially designed to cater to both students and experienced working professionals.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><span>This machine learning tutorial helps you gain a solid introduction to the fundamentals of machine learning and explore a wide range of techniques, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning.</span></p><figure class="image"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20231231113646/ML-Tutorial.jpg" width="inherit" height="inherit"><figcaption> </figcaption></figure><p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><i><b><strong class="GFGEditorTheme__textItalic">Machine learning (ML) is a subdomain of artificial intelligence (AI)</strong></b></i><span> that focuses on developing systems that learn—or improve performance—based on the data they ingest. Artificial intelligence is a broad word that refers to systems or machines that resemble human intelligence. Machine learning and AI are frequently discussed together, and the terms are occasionally used interchangeably, although they do not signify the same thing. A crucial distinction is that, while all machine learning is AI, not all AI is machine learning.</span></p><h2 id="what-is-machine-learning"><span>What is Machine Learning?</span></h2><p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-machine-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Machine Learning</span></a><span> is the field of study that gives computers the capability to learn without being explicitly programmed. ML is one of the most exciting technologies that one would have ever come across. As it is evident from the name, it gives the computer that makes it more similar to humans: The ability to learn. Machine learning is actively being used today, perhaps in many more places than one would expect.</span></p><div id="table_of_content"><p style="margin:4px; font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Table of Content</p><ul><li><a href="#what-is-machine-learning">What is Machine Learning?</a></li><li><a href="#features-of-machine-learning">Features of Machine Learning</a></li><li><a href="#introduction-">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="#data-and-its-processing">Data and It’s Processing</a></li><li><a href="#supervised-learning-">Supervised learning </a></li><li><a href="#unsupervised-learning-">Unsupervised learning </a></li><li><a href="#reinforcement-learning">Reinforcement Learning</a></li><li><a href="#dimensionality-reduction-">Dimensionality Reduction </a></li><li><a href="#natural-language-processing-">Natural Language Processing </a></li><li><a href="#neural-networks-">Neural Networks </a></li><li><a href="#ml-deployment-">ML – Deployment </a></li><li><a href="#ml-applications-">ML – Applications </a></li></ul></div><h2 id="features-of-machine-learning"><b><strong>Features of Machine Learning</strong></b></h2><ul><li value="1"><span>Machine learning is a data-driven technology. A large amount of data is generated by organizations daily, enabling them to identify notable relationships and make better decisions.</span></li><li value="2"><span>Machines can learn from past data and automatically improve their performance.</span></li><li value="3"><span>Given a dataset, ML can detect various patterns in the data.</span></li><li value="4"><span>For large organizations, branding is crucial, and targeting a relatable customer base becomes easier.</span></li><li value="5"><span>It is similar to data mining, as both deal with substantial amounts of data.</span></li></ul><h2 id="introduction-"><span>Introduction :</span></h2><p dir="ltr"><span>We will start by exploring the foundational concepts of machine learning, including its history, key terminology, and the types of problems it can solve.</span></p><ol><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/getting-started-machine-learning" rel="noopener"><span>Getting Started with Machine Learning</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-machine-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>An Introduction to Machine Learning</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-introduction-data-machine-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Data in Machine Learning</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/demystifying-machine-learning" rel="noopener"><span>Demystifying Machine Learning</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/machine-learning-introduction" rel="noopener"><span>ML – Applications</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/best-python-libraries-for-machine-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Best Python libraries for Machine Learning</span></a></li><li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/machine-learning-versus-artificial-intelligence" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence</span></a></li><li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Difference between Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence</span></a></li></ol><h2 id="data-and-its-processing"><span>Data and It’s Processing:</span></h2><p dir="ltr"><span>Data is the foundation of machine learning. The quality and quantity of data you have directly impact the performance of your machine learning models. In this section, we will explore various aspects of data and its processing, which are crucial for building robust ML systems.</span></p><ol><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-introduction-data-machine-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Data in Machine Learning</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-understanding-data-processing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Understanding Data Processing</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-create-test-datasets-using-sklearn" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Python | Create Test DataSets using Sklearn</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-generate-test-datasets-for-machine-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Python | Generate test datasets for Machine learning</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/data-preprocessing-machine-learning-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Python | Data Preprocessing in Python</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/data-cleansing-introduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Data Cleaning</span></a></li><li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-feature-scaling-part-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Feature Scaling – Part 1</span></a></li><li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-feature-scaling-part-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Feature Scaling – Part 2</span></a></li><li value="9"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-label-encoding-of-datasets-in-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Python | Label Encoding of datasets</span></a></li><li value="10"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-one-hot-encoding-of-datasets-in-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Python | One Hot Encoding of datasets</span></a></li><li value="11"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-handling-imbalanced-data-with-smote-and-near-miss-algorithm-in-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Handling Imbalanced Data with SMOTE and Near Miss Algorithm in Python</span></a></li><li value="12"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-dummy-variable-trap-in-regression-models/?ref=" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Dummy variable trap in Regression Models</span></a></li></ol><h2 id="supervised-learning-"><span>Supervised learning :</span></h2><p dir="ltr"><span>Supervised learning is a fundamental approach in machine learning where models are trained on labeled datasets. This technique is used to predict outcomes based on input features, making it invaluable for various applications, from spam detection to medical diagnosis. In this section, we will cover key concepts and methodologies related to supervised learning, including classification and regression techniques.</span></p><ol><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/getting-started-with-classification" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Getting started with Classification</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/basic-concept-classification-data-mining" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Basic Concept of Classification</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-regression-techniques" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Types of Regression Techniques</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-classification-vs-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Classification vs Regression</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-types-learning-supervised-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>ML | Types of Learning – Supervised Learning</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/multiclass-classification-using-scikit-learn" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Multiclass classification using scikit-learn</span></a></li><li value="7"><b><strong>Gradient Descent :</strong></b><ul><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gradient-descent-algorithm-and-its-variants" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Gradient Descent algorithm and its variants</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-stochastic-gradient-descent-sgd" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-mini-batch-gradient-descent-with-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Mini-Batch Gradient Descent with Python</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/optimization-techniques-for-gradient-descent" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Optimization techniques for Gradient Descent</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-momentum-based-gradient-optimizer-introduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Momentum-based Gradient Optimizer</span></a></li></ul></li><li value="8"><b><strong>Linear Regression :</strong></b><ul><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-linear-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Linear Regression</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gradient-descent-in-linear-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Gradient Descent in Linear Regression</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/mathematical-explanation-for-linear-regression-working" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Mathematical explanation for Linear Regression working</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-normal-equation-in-linear-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Normal Equation in Linear Regression</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/linear-regression-python-implementation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Linear Regression (Python Implementation)</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/simple-linear-regression-using-r" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Simple Linear-Regression using R</span></a></li><li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/univariate-linear-regression-in-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Univariate Linear Regression in Python</span></a></li><li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-multiple-linear-regression-using-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Multiple Linear Regression using Python</span></a></li><li value="9"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/multiple-linear-regression-using-r" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Multiple Linear Regression using R</span></a></li><li value="10"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-locally-weighted-linear-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Locally weighted Linear Regression</span></a></li><li value="11"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/generalized-linear-models" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Generalized Linear Models</span></a></li><li value="12"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-linear-regression-using-sklearn" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Python | Linear Regression using sklearn</span></a></li><li value="13"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/linear-regression-using-tensorflow" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Linear Regression Using Tensorflow</span></a></li><li value="14"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/a-practical-approach-to-simple-linear-regression-using-r" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>A Practical approach to Simple Linear Regression using R</span></a></li><li value="15"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/linear-regression-using-pytorch" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Linear Regression using PyTorch</span></a></li><li value="16"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/pyspark-linear-regression-using-apache-mllib" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Pyspark | Linear regression using Apache MLlib</span><br></a></li><li value="17"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-boston-housing-kaggle-challenge-with-linear-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>ML | Boston Housing Kaggle Challenge with Linear Regression</span></a></li></ul></li><li value="9"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-implementation-of-polynomial-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Python | Implementation of </span><b><strong>Polynomial Regression</strong></b></a></li><li value="10"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/softmax-regression-using-tensorflow" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b><strong>Softmax Regression</strong></b><span> using TensorFlow</span></a></li><li value="11"><b><strong>Logistic Regression :</strong></b><ul><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/understanding-logistic-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Understanding Logistic Regression</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-why-logistic-regression-in-classification" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Why Logistic Regression in Classification ?</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-logistic-regression-using-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Logistic Regression using Python</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-cost-function-in-logistic-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Cost function in Logistic Regression</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-logistic-regression-using-tensorflow" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Logistic Regression using Tensorflow</span></a></li></ul></li><li value="12"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/naive-bayes-classifiers" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b><strong>Naive Bayes</strong></b><span> Classifiers</span></a></li><li value="13"><b><strong>Support Vector:</strong></b><ul><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/classifying-data-using-support-vector-machinessvms-in-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Support Vector Machines(SVMs) in Python</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/svm-hyperparameter-tuning-using-gridsearchcv-ml" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>SVM Hyperparameter Tuning using GridSearchCV</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/classifying-data-using-support-vector-machinessvms-in-r" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Support Vector Machines(SVMs) in R</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-using-svm-to-perform-classification-on-a-non-linear-dataset" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Using SVM to perform classification on a non-linear dataset</span></a></li></ul></li><li value="14"><b><strong>Decision Tree:</strong></b><ul><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/decision-tree" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Decision Tree</span></a></li></ul><ul><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-decision-tree-regression-using-sklearn" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Decision Tree Regression using sklearn</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/decision-tree-introduction-example" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Decision Tree Introduction with example</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/decision-tree-implementation-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Decision tree implementation using Python</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/decision-tree-in-software-engineering" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Decision Tree in Software Engineering</span></a></li></ul></li><li value="15"><b><strong>Random Forest</strong></b><span>:</span><ul><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/random-forest-regression-in-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Random Forest Regression in Python</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ensemble-classifier-data-mining" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Ensemble Classifier</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-voting-classifier-using-sklearn" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Voting Classifier using Sklearn</span><br></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-bagging-classifier" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Bagging classifier</span></a></li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="unsupervised-learning-"><span>Unsupervised learning :</span></h2><p dir="ltr"><span>Unsupervised learning is a key area of machine learning that focuses on discovering hidden patterns and structures in data without labeled outputs. Unlike supervised learning, where models learn from labeled examples, unsupervised learning relies on the inherent structure of the input data. This section will delve into various techniques and applications of unsupervised learning, primarily focusing on clustering methods.</span></p><ol><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-types-learning-part-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>ML | Types of Learning – Unsupervised Learning</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/supervised-unsupervised-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Supervised and Unsupervised learning</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/clustering-in-machine-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Clustering in Machine Learning</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/different-types-clustering-algorithm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Different Types of Clustering Algorithm</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/k-means-clustering-introduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>K means Clustering – Introduction</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/elbow-method-for-optimal-value-of-k-in-kmeans" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Elbow Method for optimal value of k in KMeans</span></a></li><li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-random-intialization-trap-in-k-means/?ref=" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Random Initialization Trap in K-Means</span></a></li><li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-k-means-algorithm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>ML | K-means++ Algorithm</span></a></li><li value="9"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/analysis-of-test-data-using-k-means-clustering-in-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Analysis of test data using K-Means Clustering in Python</span></a></li><li value="10"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-mini-batch-k-means-clustering-algorithm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Mini Batch K-means clustering algorithm</span></a></li><li value="11"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-mean-shift-clustering" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Mean-Shift Clustering</span></a></li><li value="12"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dbscan-clustering-in-ml-density-based-clustering" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>DBSCAN – Density based clustering</span></a></li><li value="13"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implementing-dbscan-algorithm-using-sklearn" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Implementing DBSCAN algorithm using Sklearn</span></a></li><li value="14"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-fuzzy-clustering" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Fuzzy Clustering</span></a></li><li value="15"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-spectral-clustering" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Spectral Clustering</span></a></li><li value="16"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-optics-clustering-explanation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>OPTICS Clustering</span></a></li><li value="17"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-optics-clustering-implementing-using-sklearn" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>OPTICS Clustering Implementing using Sklearn</span></a></li><li value="18"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-hierarchical-clustering-agglomerative-and-divisive-clustering" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Hierarchical clustering (Agglomerative and Divisive clustering)</span></a></li><li value="19"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implementing-agglomerative-clustering-using-sklearn" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Implementing Agglomerative Clustering using Sklearn</span></a></li><li value="20"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gaussian-mixture-model" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Gaussian Mixture Model</span></a></li></ol><h2 id="reinforcement-learning"><span>Reinforcement Learning:</span></h2><p dir="ltr"><span>Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a dynamic area of machine learning focused on how agents ought to take actions in an environment to maximize cumulative reward. Unlike supervised learning, where the model learns from a fixed dataset, RL involves learning through trial and error, making it particularly suited for complex decision-making problems. This section will explore the foundational concepts, algorithms, and applications of reinforcement learning.</span></p><ol><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-reinforcement-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Reinforcement learning</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-reinforcement-learning-algorithm-python-implementation-using-q-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Reinforcement Learning Algorithm : Python Implementation using Q-learning</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-thompson-sampling-reinforcement-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Thompson Sampling</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/genetic-algorithm-for-reinforcement-learning-python-implementation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Genetic Algorithm for Reinforcement Learning</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sarsa-reinforcement-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>SARSA Reinforcement Learning</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/q-learning-in-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Q-Learning in Python</span></a></li></ol><h2 id="dimensionality-reduction-"><span>Dimensionality Reduction :</span></h2><p dir="ltr"><span>Dimensionality Reduction is a crucial technique in machine learning and data analysis that focuses on reducing the number of features or dimensions in a dataset while preserving essential information. As datasets grow in complexity, high dimensionality can lead to issues such as overfitting, increased computation time, and difficulties in visualization. This section will explore various methods and applications of dimensionality reduction.</span></p><ol><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dimensionality-reduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Dimensionality Reduction</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-introduction-to-kernel-pca" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Kernel PCA</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-principal-component-analysispca" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Principal Component Analysis(PCA)</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/principal-component-analysis-with-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Principal Component Analysis with Python</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/eigenvector-computation-and-low-rank-approximations" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Low-Rank Approximations</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-linear-discriminant-analysis" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Overview of Linear Discriminant Analysis </span></a><span>(LDA)</span></li><li value="7"><span>Mathematical Explanation of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)</span></li><li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gaussian-discriminant-analysis" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA)</span></a></li><li value="9"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-independent-component-analysis" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Independent Component Analysis</span></a></li><li value="10"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/feature-mapping" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Feature Mapping</span></a></li><li value="11"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-extra-tree-classifier-for-feature-selection" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Extra Tree Classifier for Feature Selection</span></a></li><li value="12"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/chi-square-test-for-feature-selection-mathematical-explanation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Chi-Square Test for Feature Selection – Mathematical Explanation</span></a></li><li value="13"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-t-distributed-stochastic-neighbor-embedding-t-sne-algorithm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>ML | T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) Algorithm</span></a></li><li value="14"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-how-and-where-to-apply-feature-scaling" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Python | How and where to apply Feature Scaling?</span></a></li><li value="15"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/parameters-feature-selection" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Parameters for Feature Selection</span></a></li><li value="16"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/underfitting-and-overfitting-in-machine-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Underfitting and Overfitting in Machine Learning</span></a></li></ol><h2 id="natural-language-processing-"><span>Natural Language Processing :</span></h2><p dir="ltr"><span>Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a vital subfield of artificial intelligence and machine learning that focuses on the interaction between computers and human language. It enables machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language in a way that is both meaningful and useful. This section will explore the fundamental concepts, techniques, and applications of NLP.</span></p><ol><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-natural-language-processing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Natural Language Processing</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/text-preprocessing-in-python-set-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Text Preprocessing in Python | Set – 1</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/text-preprocessing-in-python-set-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Text Preprocessing in Python | Set 2</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/removing-stop-words-nltk-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Removing stop words with NLTK in Python</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tokenize-text-using-nltk-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Tokenize text using NLTK in python</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/nlp-how-tokenizing-text-sentence-words-works" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>How tokenizing text, sentence, words works</span></a></li><li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-stemming" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Stemming</span></a></li><li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-stemming-words-with-nltk" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Stemming words with NLTK</span></a></li><li value="9"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-lemmatization-with-nltk" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Lemmatization with NLTK</span></a></li><li value="10"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-lemmatization-with-textblob" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Lemmatization with TextBlob</span></a></li><li value="11"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/get-synonymsantonyms-nltk-wordnet-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>How to get synonyms/antonyms from NLTK WordNet in Python?</span></a></li></ol><h2 id="neural-networks-"><span>Neural Networks :</span></h2><p dir="ltr"><span>Neural networks are a fundamental component of deep learning and a powerful tool for solving complex problems in machine learning. Inspired by the human brain, neural networks consist of interconnected layers of nodes (neurons) that work together to process data, learn patterns, and make predictions. This section will cover the essential concepts, architectures, and applications of neural networks.</span></p><ol><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-artificial-neutral-networks" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Artificial Neutral Networks | Set 1</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-artificial-neural-network-set-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Artificial Neural Network | Set 2</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://origin.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-ann-artificial-neural-networks-set-3-hybrid-systems" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) | Set 3 (Hybrid Systems)</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-ann-set-4-network-architectures" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to ANN | Set 4 (Network Architectures)</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/activation-functions-neural-networks" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Activation functions</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implementing-ann-training-process-in-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Implementing Artificial Neural Network training process in Python</span></a></li><li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/single-neuron-neural-network-python" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>A single neuron neural network in Python</span></a></li><li value="8"><b><strong>Convolutional Neural Networks</strong></b><ul><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-convolution-neural-network" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Convolution Neural Network</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cnn-introduction-to-pooling-layer" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Pooling Layer</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cnn-introduction-to-padding" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Padding</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-padding-in-convolution-layer" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Types of padding in convolution layer</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/applying-convolutional-neural-network-on-mnist-dataset" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Applying Convolutional Neural Network on mnist dataset</span></a></li></ul></li><li value="9"><b><strong>Recurrent Neural Networks</strong></b><ul><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-recurrent-neural-network" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Recurrent Neural Network</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/recurrent-neural-networks-explanation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Recurrent Neural Networks Explanation</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/seq2seq-model-in-machine-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>seq2seq model</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deep-learning-introduction-to-long-short-term-memory" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Long Short Term Memory</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/long-short-term-memory-networks-explanation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Long Short Term Memory Networks Explanation</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gated-recurrent-unit-networks" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Gated Recurrent Unit Networks(GAN)</span></a></li><li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-text-generation-using-gated-recurrent-unit-networks" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Text Generation using Gated Recurrent Unit Networks</span></a></li></ul></li><li value="10"><b><strong>GANs – Generative Adversarial Network</strong></b><ul><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/generative-adversarial-network-gan" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Generative Adversarial Network</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/generative-adversarial-networks-gans-an-introduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/use-cases-of-generative-adversarial-networks" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Use Cases of Generative Adversarial Networks</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/building-a-generative-adversarial-network-using-keras" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Building a Generative Adversarial Network using Keras</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/modal-collapse-in-gans" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Modal Collapse in GANs</span></a></li></ul></li><li value="11"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deep-q-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Introduction to Deep Q-Learning</span></a></li><li value="12"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implementing-deep-q-learning-using-tensorflow" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Implementing Deep Q-Learning using Tensorflow</span></a></li></ol><h2 id="ml-deployment-"><span>ML – Deployment :</span></h2><ol><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/machine-learning-deployment/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Machine learning deployement</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deploy-your-machine-learning-web-app-streamlit-on-heroku/?ref=" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Deploy your Machine Learning web app (Streamlit) on Heroku</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deploy-a-machine-learning-model-using-streamlit-library/?ref=" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Deploy a Machine Learning Model using Streamlit Library</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deploy-machine-learning-model-using-flask/?ref=" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Deploy Machine Learning Model using Flask</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-create-uis-for-prototyping-machine-learning-model-with-gradio/?ref=" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Python – Create UIs for prototyping Machine Learning model with Gradio</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-prepare-data-before-deploying-a-machine-learning-model/?ref=" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>How to Prepare Data Before Deploying a Machine Learning Model?</span></a></li><li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deploying-ml-models-as-api-using-fastapi/?ref=" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Deploying ML Models as API using FastAPI</span><br></a></li><li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deploying-scrapy-spider-scrapinghub/?ref=" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Deploying Scrapy spider on ScrapingHub</span></a></li></ol><h2 id="ml-applications-"><span>ML – Applications :</span></h2><ol><li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-rainfall-prediction-using-linear-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Rainfall prediction using Linear regression</span></a></li><li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/identifying-handwritten-digits-using-logistic-regression-pytorch" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Identifying handwritten digits using Logistic Regression in PyTorch</span></a></li><li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-kaggle-breast-cancer-wisconsin-diagnosis-using-logistic-regression" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Kaggle Breast Cancer Wisconsin Diagnosis using Logistic Regression</span></a></li><li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-implementation-of-movie-recommender-system" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Python | Implementation of Movie Recommender System</span></a></li><li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/train-a-support-vector-machine-to-recognize-facial-features-in-c" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Support Vector Machine to recognize facial features in C++</span></a></li><li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/decision-trees-fake-coin-puzzle" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Decision Trees – Fake (Counterfeit) Coin Puzzle (12 Coin Puzzle)</span></a></li><li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-credit-card-fraud-detection" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Credit Card Fraud Detection</span></a></li><li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-nlp-analysis-of-restaurant-reviews" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>NLP analysis of Restaurant reviews</span></a></li><li value="9"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/applying-multinomial-naive-bayes-to-nlp-problems" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Applying Multinomial Naive Bayes to NLP Problems</span></a></li><li value="10"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/image-compression-using-k-means-clustering" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Image compression using K-means clustering</span></a></li><li value="11"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/avengers-endgame-and-deep-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Deep learning | Image Caption Generation using the Avengers EndGames Characters</span></a></li><li value="12"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-does-google-use-machine-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>How Does Google Use Machine Learning?</span></a></li><li value="13"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-does-nasa-use-machine-learning" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>How Does NASA Use Machine Learning?</span></a></li><li value="14"><a 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learning develop programs that can access data and learn from it. Deep learning is the sub domain of the machine learning. Deep learning supports automatic extraction of features from the raw data.</span></p></blockquote><h3 id="q2-what-are-the-different-type-of-machine-learning-algorithms-"><span>Q.2. What are the different type of machine learning algorithms ?</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Answer</strong></b><span>:</span></p><blockquote><ul><li value="1"><span>Supervised algorithms: These are the algorithms which learn from the labelled data, e.g. images labelled with dog face or not. Algorithm depends on supervised or labelled data. e.g. regression, object detection, segmentation.</span></li><li value="2"><span>Non-Supervised algorithms: These are the algorithms which learn from the non labelled data, e.g. bunch of images given to make a similar set of images. e.g. clustering, dimensionality reduction etc.</span></li><li value="3"><span>Semi-Supervised algorithms: Algorithms that uses both supervised or non-supervised data. Majority portion of data use for these algorithms are not supervised data. e.g. anamoly detection.</span></li></ul></blockquote><h3 id="q3-why-we-use-machine-learning-"><span>Q.3. Why we use machine learning ?</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Answer</strong></b><span>:</span></p><blockquote><p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><span>Machine learning is used to make decisions based on data. By modelling the algorithms on the bases of historical data, Algorithms find the patterns and relationships that are difficult for humans to detect. These patterns are now further use for the future references to predict solution of unseen problems.</span></p></blockquote><p dir="ltr"><br></p><h3 id="q4-what-is-the-difference-between-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-"><span>Q.4. What is the difference between Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning ?</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Answer</strong></b><span>:</span></p><blockquote><table><thead><tr><th style="width: 350px;"><span>ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE</span></th><th style="width: 350px;"><span>MACHINE LEARNING</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="width: 350px;"><span>Develop an intelligent system that perform variety of complex jobs.</span></td><td style="width: 350px;"><span>Construct machines that can only accomplish the jobs for which they have trained.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 350px;"><span>It works as a program that does smart work.</span></td><td style="width: 350px;"><span>The tasks systems machine takes data and learns from data.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 350px;"><span>AI has broad variety of applications.</span></td><td style="width: 350px;"><span>ML allows systems to learn new things from data.</span></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 350px;"><span>AI leads wisdom.</span></td><td style="width: 350px;"><span>ML leads to knowledge.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></blockquote> <div class='article_bottom_text'></div><br> <div id="video-tab-content" class="video-tab-content"> <div style="text-align: center; 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} .popup-main .close-icon { background-image: var(--com-extra-icons-mobile-image);background-position: -15px -1651px;height: 22px;width: 22px;transform: scale(1); margin-bottom: 12px; cursor: pointer; } .popup-main .experience-card { color: #000; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 16px; /* margin-bottom:10px; */ } .popup-main a:hover, .popup-main a:active, .popup-main a:visited { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; } .popup-main .exp-card1, .popup-main .exp-card2, .popup-main .exp-card3, .popup-main .exp-card4, .popup-main .exp-card5, .popup-main .exp-card6 { display: flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 10px; cursor: pointer; } .popup-main .exp-card1 .icon1, .popup-main .exp-card2 .icon2, .popup-main .exp-card3 .icon3, .popup-main .exp-card4 .icon4, .popup-main .exp-card5 .icon5, .popup-main .exp-card6 .icon6 { width: 80px; height: 80px; border-radius: 10px 0px 0px 10px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; background: var(--write-experience-card-icon-1); } .popup-main .exp-card1 .icon1, .popup-main .exp-card2 .icon2, .popup-main .exp-card3 .icon3, .popup-main .exp-card4 .icon4, .popup-main .exp-card5 .icon5, .popup-main .exp-card6 .icon6 { width: 80px; height: 80px; border-radius: 10px 0px 0px 10px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .popup-main .exp-card1 .icon1 { background: var(--write-experience-card-icon-1); } .popup-main .exp-card2 .icon2 { background: var(--write-experience-card-icon-2); } .popup-main .exp-card3 .icon3 { background: var(--write-experience-card-icon-3); } .popup-main .exp-card4 .icon4 { background: var(--write-experience-card-icon-4); } .popup-main .exp-card5 .icon5 { background: var(--write-experience-card-icon-5); } .popup-main .exp-card6 .icon6 { background: var(--write-experience-card-icon-6); } .popup-main .exp-card6 .icon6-image { background-image: url(https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/compass.svg); width: 46px; height: 30px; background-size: 30px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; } .popup-main .exp-card1 .icon1-image { background-image: var(--com-extra-icons-mobile-image); width: 46px; height: 28px; background-position: -4px -812px; } .popup-main .exp-card2 .icon2-image { background-image: var(--com-extra-icons-mobile-image); width: 46px; height: 28px; background-position: -4px -888px; } .popup-main .exp-card3 .icon3-image { background-image: var(--com-extra-icons-mobile-image); width: 46px; height: 28px; background-position: -4px -848px; } .popup-main .exp-card4 .icon4-image { background-image: url(https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/competitive.svg); width: 46px; height: 30px; background-size: 30px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; } .popup-main .exp-card5 .icon5-image { background-image: var(--com-extra-icons-mobile-image); width: 46px; height: 33px; background-position: -4px -1217px; } .popup-main .exp-card1 .exp-card1-text, .popup-main .exp-card2 .exp-card2-text, .popup-main .exp-card3 .exp-card3-text, .popup-main .exp-card4 .exp-card4-text, .popup-main .exp-card5 .exp-card5-text, .popup-main .exp-card6 .exp-card6-text { display: flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 0px 10px 10px 0px; height: 80px; width: calc(100% - 80px); } .popup-main .exp-card1 { justify-content: flex-start; background: var(--write-experience-card-1); } .popup-main .exp-card2 { justify-content: flex-start; background: var(--write-experience-card-2); } .popup-main .exp-card3 { justify-content: flex-start; background: var(--write-experience-card-3); } .popup-main .exp-card4 { justify-content: flex-start; background: var(--write-experience-card-4); } .popup-main .exp-card5 { justify-content: flex-start; background: var(--write-experience-card-5); } .popup-main .exp-card6 { justify-content: flex-start; background: var(--write-experience-card-6); } .popup-main span { font-family: var(--font-primary); font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; line-height: normal; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } #popup { display: none; background-color: var(--write-modal-background); padding: 20px; text-align: center; position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); z-index: 1026; width: min(650px, calc(100% - 20px)); } .link-container-write{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; } .link-container-write > a { margin:7px 0px; } .phrase__container{ color:var(--color-gfg); border-radius: 6px; width: 100%; background-color:var(--write-redirect-container); padding: 15px; text-align: justify; font-size:14px; } .phrase__container:hover { color:var(--color-gfg) !important; background-color:var(--write-redirect-container-hover); } </style> <div class="popup-container"> <div id="popup" accesskey="" class="popup-main"> <div class="popup-heading"> <h2>What kind of Experience do you want to share?</h2> <div class="close-icon share-experience-modal-close"></div> </div>  <div class="experience-card"> <a class="exp-card5" href= "https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=e8fc46fe-75e7-4a4b-be3c-0c862d655ed0" target="_blank"> <div class="icon5"> <div class="icon5-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card5-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Interview Experiences</span> </div> </a> <a class="exp-card1" href="https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=82536bdb-84e6-4661-87c3-e77c3ac04ede" target="_blank"> <div class="icon1"> <div class="icon1-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card1-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Admission Experiences</span> </div> </a> <a class="exp-card6" href= "https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=5219b0b2-7671-40a0-9bda-503e28a61c31" target="_blank"> <div class="icon6"> <div class="icon6-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card6-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Career Journeys</span> </div> </a> <a class="exp-card2" href="https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=22ae3354-15b6-4dd4-a5b4-5c7a105b8a8f" target="_blank"> <div class="icon2"> <div class="icon2-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card2-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Work Experiences</span> </div> </a> <a class="exp-card3" href= "https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=c5e1ac90-9490-440a-a5fa-6180c87ab8ae" target="_blank"> <div class="icon3"> <div class="icon3-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card3-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Campus Experiences</span> </div> </a> <a class="exp-card4" href= "https://write.geeksforgeeks.org/posts-new?cid=5ebb8fe9-b980-4891-af07-f2d62a9735f2" target="_blank"> <div class="icon4"> <div class="icon4-image"></div> </div> <div class="exp-card4-text"> <span style="color: #000;">Competitive Exam Experiences</span> </div> </a> </div>  </div> <div id="overlay" onclick="toggleExperiencePopup()" style="display: block;min-height: 100vh;min-width: 100vw;position: fixed;top: 0;bottom: 0;right: 0;left: 0;display: none;justify-content: center;align-items: center;background: rgba(0,0,0,.702);z-index: 1025 !important;backdrop-filter: blur(4px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px);word-break: keep-all;"></div> </div> <script> $('.share-experience-modal').click(function(e){ e.preventDefault(); var link = $(this).attr('href'); toggleExperiencePopup(link); }); function toggleExperiencePopup(link) { var popup = document.getElementById("popup"); var overlay = document.getElementById("overlay"); if (window.innerWidth < 992) { window.location.href = link; } else { popup.style.display = (popup.style.display === "block") ? "none" : "block"; overlay.style.display = (overlay.style.display === "block") ? "none" : "block"; } } $('.share-experience-modal-close').click(function(e){ var popup = document.getElementById("popup"); popup.style.display = 'none'; var overlay = document.getElementById("overlay"); overlay.style.display = 'none'; }); </script> </div><script type="text/javascript"> $(window).on('load', function() { (function(c,l,a,r,i,t,y){ c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)}; t=l.createElement(r);t.async=1;t.src="https://www.clarity.ms/tag/"+i; y=l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0];y.parentNode.insertBefore(t,y); })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "ayc7ypwwuk"); }); </script>  </body> </html>

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