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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EB%8B%AC%EC%83%88%EC%9D%98_%EB%B9%84%EC%83%81_(%EB%B3%B8_%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84%EC%8A%A4)" title="종달새의 비상 (본 윌리엄스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종달새의 비상 (본 윌리엄스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lark_Ascending" title="The Lark Ascending – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="The Lark Ascending" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lark_Ascending" title="The Lark Ascending – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Lark Ascending" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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alt="photograph of a youngish white man, dark haired and clean shaven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/47/Ralph-Vaughan-Williams-1913.jpg/170px-Ralph-Vaughan-Williams-1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/47/Ralph-Vaughan-Williams-1913.jpg/255px-Ralph-Vaughan-Williams-1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/47/Ralph-Vaughan-Williams-1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption>Vaughan Williams at about the time of the composition of <i>The Lark Ascending</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>The Lark Ascending</b></i> is a short, single-movement work by the English composer <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a>, inspired by <a href="/wiki/The_Lark_Ascending" title="The Lark Ascending">the 1881 poem of the same name</a> by the English writer <a href="/wiki/George_Meredith" title="George Meredith">George Meredith</a>. It was originally for violin and piano, completed in 1914, but not performed until 1920. The composer reworked it for solo violin and orchestra after the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. This version, in which the work is chiefly known, was first performed in 1921. It is subtitled "A Romance", a term that Vaughan Williams favoured for contemplative slow music. </p><p>The work has gained considerable popularity in Britain and elsewhere and has been much recorded between 1928 and the present day. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the enthusiasms of the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams were poetry and the violin. He had trained as a violinist as a boy, and greatly preferred the violin to the piano, for which he never had a great fondness.<sup id="cite_ref-chron_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-k11_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His literary tastes were wide-ranging, and among the English poets of the 19th and early 20th centuries whom he admired were <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Tennyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne" title="Algernon Charles Swinburne">Swinburne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christina_Rossetti" title="Christina Rossetti">Christina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti" title="Dante Gabriel Rossetti">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/A._E._Housman" title="A. E. Housman">Housman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Meredith" title="George Meredith">George Meredith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the composition of <i>The Lark Ascending</i>, Vaughan Williams had inscribed a verse by Meredith above an early score, now lost.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The composer's second wife, <a href="/wiki/Ursula_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ursula Vaughan Williams">Ursula</a>, herself a poet, wrote that in <i>The Lark Ascending</i> Vaughan Williams had "taken a literary idea on which to build his musical thought … and had made the violin become both <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_skylark" title="Eurasian skylark">the bird</a>'s song and its flight, being, rather than illustrating the poem from which the title was taken".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the head of the score, Vaughan Williams wrote out twelve lines from Meredith's 122-line poem: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>He rises and begins to round,<br /> He drops the silver chain of sound,<br /> Of many links without a break,<br /> In chirrup, whistle, slur and shake.<br /> <br /> For singing till his heaven fills,<br /> 'Tis love of earth that he instils,<br /> And ever winging up and up,<br /> Our valley is his golden cup<br /> And he the wine which overflows<br /> to lift us with him as he goes.<br /> <br /> Till lost on his aerial rings<br /> In light, and then the fancy sings.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>It is not known when and where Vaughan Williams composed the piece.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original manuscript has been lost.<sup id="cite_ref-limelight_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-limelight-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The soloist for whom the work was written and to whom it is dedicated was <a href="/wiki/Marie_Hall" title="Marie Hall">Marie Hall</a>, a leading British violinist of the time, a former pupil of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a>, and celebrated for her interpretation of that composer's <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Elgar)" title="Violin Concerto (Elgar)">Violin Concerto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h97_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h97-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She worked with Vaughan Williams on the new piece before the premiere, and may have influenced some details of the score, though if so, the extent is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_performances">First performances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First performances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The premiere of the violin and piano version was given by Hall and the pianist Geoffrey Mendham (1899–1984) at the <a href="/wiki/Shirehampton" title="Shirehampton">Shirehampton</a> Public Hall on 15 December 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-conway_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hall was again the soloist in the first performance of the orchestral version, in the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Hall" title="Queen's Hall">Queen's Hall</a>, London, on 14 June 1921, at a concert presented by the British Music Society. The <a href="/wiki/British_Symphony_Orchestra" title="British Symphony Orchestra">British Symphony Orchestra</a> was conducted by <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Boult" title="Adrian Boult">Adrian Boult</a>. The music critic of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> noted that <i>The Lark Ascending</i> was not the main item on the programme, which featured an early performance of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Holst" title="Gustav Holst">Holst</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Planets" title="The Planets">The Planets</a></i>, but it made a favourable impression. He commented that it: </p> <dl><dd>stood apart from the rest as the only work in the programme which showed serene disregard of the fashions of to-day or of yesterday. It dreams its way along in "many links without a break", and though it never rises to the energy of the lines "He is the dance of children, thanks Of sowers, shout for primrose banks," the music is that of the clean countryside, not of the sophisticated concert-room.<sup id="cite_ref-times_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The critic <a href="/wiki/A._H._Fox_Strangways" title="A. H. Fox Strangways">A. H. Fox Strangways</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/Music_%26_Letters" title="Music & Letters">Music & Letters</a></i>: </p> <dl><dd>The violin floats in a long rapture over some homegrown tunes in the accompaniment, taking little bits of them into its song at intervals. Violin cadenzas are apt to have a family likeness, but these jubilations will hardly remind anybody of anything else. There is very little of the harmless necessary arpeggio or of ingeniously wonderful double stops. It is pure carolling.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_analysis">Musical analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Musical analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The typical playing time of the piece is between 13 and 16 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It begins with a two-bar introduction by woodwind and muted strings in <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> time, after which the soloist enters with an unaccompanied <a href="/wiki/Cadenza" title="Cadenza">cadenza</a> marked <a href="/wiki/Pianissimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pianissimo">pianissimo</a> and <i>sur la touche</i> (that is, placing the bow over the fingerboard, which reduces the higher harmonics and gives an ethereal tone).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pbw_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbw-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cadenza is written <i>"senza misura"</i> – without bar-lines – which <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i> defines as "freely", "without strict regard for the metre".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lark0.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/Lark0.gif/440px-Lark0.gif" decoding="async" width="440" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a6/Lark0.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="65" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Towards the end of the cadenza Vaughan Williams introduces a melody with which the solo violin continues when the orchestra re-enters, in <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lark1.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Lark1.gif/440px-Lark1.gif" decoding="async" width="440" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/Lark1.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="70" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>A second, unaccompanied cadenza, shorter than the first, leads to a contrasting episode (Allegretto tranquillo quasi andante) with a new melody for flutes:<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lark2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/10/Lark2.gif/440px-Lark2.gif" decoding="async" width="440" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/10/Lark2.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="52" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>A section marked Allegro tranquillo<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> begins with solo violin trills, punctuated by off-beat triangle (the only percussion in the piece). The key, which has been a somewhat ambiguous G major up to this point,<sup id="cite_ref-fh_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> changes to F major, and the time switches to <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>. The oboe enters after five bars with another new melody marked scherzando:<sup id="cite_ref-vw13_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vw13-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lark3.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Lark3.gif/280px-Lark3.gif" decoding="async" width="280" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/92/Lark3.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="66" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The melody introduced by the flutes returns, (now marked Allegretto molto tranquillo) played by the violin soloist, and is followed by a reprise of the earlier <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> section. The work ends with the unaccompanied violin in a closing cadenza which reaches up to a D in altissimo (i.e. two <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a> above the treble staff)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then drops again a minor third on to B.<sup id="cite_ref-fh_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christopher Mark has analysed <i>The Lark Ascending</i> in terms of the composer's use of <a href="/wiki/Mode_(music)" title="Mode (music)">modes</a>. He finds that the work begins in the <a href="/wiki/Mode_(music)#Dorian_(II)" title="Mode (music)">Dorian mode</a>, and switches between that and the <a href="/wiki/Mode_(music)#Aeolian_(VI)" title="Mode (music)">Aeolian</a> mode interspersed with extensive use of the <a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">Pentatonic scale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_versions">Alternative versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alternative versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The orchestral version is scored for solo violin with an orchestra of two <a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute">flutes</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboe</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</a>, two <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">horns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">triangle</a> and <a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">strings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-score1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-score1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vaughan Williams also provided a version for chamber orchestra, with one each of flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn and triangle, with three or four first violins, the same of second violins, two <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">violas</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cellos</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-score1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-score1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Drayton_(composer)" title="Paul Drayton (composer)">Paul Drayton</a> arranged the work in 2019 for a mixed choir, singing wordlessly, and vocal soloists, alongside the solo violinist. The arrangement was commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Chamber_Choir" title="Swedish Chamber Choir">Swedish Chamber Choir</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who have recorded it under Simon Phipps;<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has also been performed by the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Singers" title="BBC Singers">BBC Singers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_and_public_reception">Critical and public reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Critical and public reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The work has prompted a range of aesthetic responses from analysts and reviewers. In his study of the composer's music, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kennedy_(music_critic)" title="Michael Kennedy (music critic)">Michael Kennedy</a> comments that <i>The Lark Ascending</i> is a unique work, but often underrated "possibly because its very simplicity is deceptive".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The critic Paul Conway writes that it "depicts a pastoral scene with the violin imitating the titular songbird and the orchestra … representing the landscape beneath".<sup id="cite_ref-conway_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher Mark similarly sees a distinction between the airborne solo part and the orchestral sections, finding the "folk-like melody" for the flute "shifting the focus from the sky to ground-level and human activity".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The musicologist <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Foreman" title="Lewis Foreman">Lewis Foreman</a> comments, "It is possible to forget what a revolutionary piece this was in the context of the British music of 1914 [with] its rhythmic freedom and flow and its avoidance of tonic-and-dominant cadencing, together with its imagery".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeffrey Davis writes, "At one level it seems to be an idyll of rural England [but] in view of its composition on the eve of the First World War, there is perhaps an underlying layer of sadness to the music. Rather like the Edwardian era, as viewed retrospectively from the other side of World War One, it seems to reflect nostalgia for a partly mythological lost age of innocence."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Philip Borg-Wheeler, writing in 2014, the piece is "imbued with a profound sense of communion with nature". He adds, "Rather than scorning English pastoralism – as <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Lutyens" title="Elisabeth Lutyens">Elisabeth Lutyens</a> and others did with observations such as 'the cowpat school' – we should value this rare quality expressed so perfectly by Vaughan Williams in particular." The same writer draws attention to the parallels between Vaughan Williams and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a> who, he suggests, both assimilated folk-song characteristics so thoroughly that their own melodic invention became indistinguishable – there is no actual folk-song borrowing in <i>The Lark Ascending</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pbw_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbw-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frank_Howes" title="Frank Howes">Frank Howes</a>, in his <i>The Music of Ralph Vaughan Williams</i> written towards the end of the composer's life, observes that the work is distinctively Vaughan Williams's own and "like nothing else in music – Beethoven's two Romances for violin and orchestra are the nearest parallels".<sup id="cite_ref-fh_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other commentators, Howes remarks on the composer's choice of the term "A Romance" for the piece. It was a term he applied to some of his most profoundly lyrical utterances such as the slow movements of the <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Piano Concerto (Vaughan Williams)">Piano Concerto</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Vaughan Williams)">Fifth Symphony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pbw_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbw-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Howes adds, "'Romance' for Vaughan Williams is devoid of erotic connotation … The lark may be calling to his mate but it sounds more like <i>joie de vivre</i> on a spring morning with a slight haze in the air."<sup id="cite_ref-fh_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In polls of listeners to classical music stations in Australia, Britain, New Zealand and the US the work has frequently topped or been high in the polling.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recordings">Recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 270px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External audio</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="audio icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>The Lark Ascending</i> played by <a href="/wiki/Bella_Hristova" title="Bella Hristova">Bella Hristova</a> and the DuPage Symphony Orchestra conducted by Barbara Schubert, 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dso20100516/dso20100516-002-vaughan-williams-lark-ascending.wav"><b>archive.org</b></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The work has been recorded frequently. The first recording was made in 1928 by the violinist <a href="/wiki/Isolde_Menges" title="Isolde Menges">Isolde Menges</a> with an unnamed orchestra conducted by <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Sargent" title="Malcolm Sargent">Malcolm Sargent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gram_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gram-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record#78_rpm_disc_developments" title="Phonograph record">78 r.p.m.</a> sets were issued in the 1940s and early 1950s. In a comparative review in <i><a href="/wiki/Gramophone_(magazine)" title="Gramophone (magazine)">Gramophone</a></i> magazine in 2015, David Gutman compiled a short list of twenty-four recordings, from a 1952 mono set featuring <a href="/wiki/Jean_Pougnet" title="Jean Pougnet">Jean Pougnet</a>, Boult and the <a href="/wiki/London_Philharmonic" class="mw-redirect" title="London Philharmonic">London Philharmonic</a> to a 2014 release with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamsin_Waley-Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamsin Waley-Cohen (page does not exist)">Tamsin Waley-Cohen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Orchestra_of_the_Swan" title="Orchestra of the Swan">Orchestra of the Swan</a> and David Curtis. Soloists include <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Benedetti" title="Nicola Benedetti">Nicola Benedetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Chang" title="Sarah Chang">Sarah Chang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Hahn" title="Hilary Hahn">Hilary Hahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Kennedy" title="Nigel Kennedy">Nigel Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmin_Little" title="Tasmin Little">Tasmin Little</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Zukerman" title="Pinchas Zukerman">Pinchas Zukerman</a>; among the conductors are <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Davis" title="Colin Davis">Sir Colin Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Haitink" title="Bernard Haitink">Bernard Haitink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neville_Marriner" title="Neville Marriner">Sir Neville Marriner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Rattle" title="Simon Rattle">Sir Simon Rattle</a>. The reviewer's top recommendation was a 1967 <a href="/wiki/EMI_Classics" title="EMI Classics">EMI</a> recording by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Bean" title="Hugh Bean">Hugh Bean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philharmonia_Orchestra" title="Philharmonia Orchestra">New Philharmonia Orchestra</a>, conducted by Boult.<sup id="cite_ref-gram_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gram-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That recording is also the preferred version of <a href="/wiki/Rob_Cowan" title="Rob Cowan">Rob Cowan</a>'s 1997 <i>Classical 1000</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The version for violin and piano has been recorded by Matthew Trusler and <a href="/wiki/Iain_Burnside" title="Iain Burnside">Iain Burnside</a> (2013),<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Pike" title="Jennifer Pike">Jennifer Pike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Roscoe" title="Martin Roscoe">Martin Roscoe</a> (2020).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes,_references_and_sources"><span id="Notes.2C_references_and_sources"></span>Notes, references and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes, references and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The three extracts are, respectively, the opening lines, lines 63–70, and the closing two lines.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Tony_Palmer_(director)" title="Tony Palmer (director)">Tony Palmer</a> is reported by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> as saying that it was written while Vaughan Williams was staying in <a href="/wiki/Margate" title="Margate">Margate</a>, on the southeast coast of England, at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-just_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-just-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her biography of her husband, <a href="/wiki/Ursula_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ursula Vaughan Williams">Ursula Vaughan Williams</a> records that her husband was at Margate at the time and that he later recounted that a small <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scout" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Scout">Boy Scout</a> performed a citizen's arrest of him, imagining the jottings he was making in his notebook were "Maps … information for the enemy", but there is no suggestion that the jottings were of <i>The Lark Ascending</i>, and she adds that according to her husband's friend <a href="/wiki/George_Butterworth" title="George Butterworth">George Butterworth</a> they were notes for a lecture on <a href="/wiki/Henry_Purcell" title="Henry Purcell">Henry Purcell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On 15 December 2020 <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Pike" title="Jennifer Pike">Jennifer Pike</a> played the original version in a centenary concert at the Shirehampton Public Hall, replicating part of the 1920 programme.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/H._C._Colles" title="H. C. Colles">H. C. Colles</a> was the paper's music critic at the time, but reviews in <i>The Times</i> were unsigned.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timings of some recordings in the catalogues in 2019 are 13 minutes:14 seconds (soloist – <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Chang" title="Sarah Chang">Sarah Chang</a>, Parlophone CD 5099962791052, 5 July 2010); 13:31 (<a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Zukerman" title="Pinchas Zukerman">Pinchas Zukerman</a>, Deutsche Grammophon CD 00028946937624, 31 March 2003); 14:41 (<a href="/wiki/Hugh_Bean" title="Hugh Bean">Hugh Bean</a>, Parlophone CD 5099972914755, 5 March 2012); 14:41 seconds (<a href="/wiki/Iona_Brown" title="Iona Brown">Iona Brown</a>, Decca CD 00028947856924, 22 July 2013);16:00 (<a href="/wiki/Nicola_Benedetti" title="Nicola Benedetti">Nicola Benedetti</a>, Deutsche Grammophon CD 00028947661986, 24 September 2007); 16:19 (<a href="/wiki/Hilary_Hahn" title="Hilary Hahn">Hilary Hahn</a>, Deutsche Grammophon CD 00028947450429, 6 September 2004). <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Kennedy" title="Nigel Kennedy">Nigel Kennedy</a>'s EMI recording, at 17:30, is an exception to the norm.<sup id="cite_ref-gram_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gram-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughan Williams added a note in the score that this section is to be taken at two beats to the bar.<sup id="cite_ref-vw13_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vw13-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">With regard to the ambiguity of the key, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Howes" title="Frank Howes">Frank Howes</a> comments "the key [is] vague: it might be D Dorian, a contingent B minor or a suppressed G major (which has the support of the key signature). The second tune and its harmony is equally indecisive between C major and G major."<sup id="cite_ref-fh_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-chron-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chron_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Savage, pp. xvii–xx</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k11-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-k11_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughan Williams (1972–73), p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foreman-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Foreman_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foreman, Lewis (2018). Notes to Onyx CD 4185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughan Williams (1964), p. 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/246/680.html">"The Lark Ascending"</a>, Bartleby. Retrieved 22 August 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-just-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-just_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker, Lynne .<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simonkeenlyside.info/index.php/recordings/cd-dvd-info-reviews/vaughan-williams-ralph-o-thou-transcendent-the-life-of-ralph-vaughan-williams-dvd-2007/">"Just Williams"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, 28 November 2007 (archived at SimonKeenlyside.info). Retrieved 23 August 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughan Williams (1964), p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-limelight-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-limelight_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford, Tom. "The Lark's First Flight", <i><a href="/wiki/Limelight_(magazine)" title="Limelight (magazine)">Limelight</a></i>, August 2013, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h97-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h97_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howes, p. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee, p. 441</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conway-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conway_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conway_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Conway, Paul (2016). Notes to Naxos CD 8.573530</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bristolbeacon.org/shows/the-lark-ascending-centenary/">"The Lark Ascending Centenary"</a>. <i>Bristol Beacon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bristol+Beacon&rft.atitle=The+Lark+Ascending+Centenary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbristolbeacon.org%2Fshows%2Fthe-lark-ascending-centenary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atkins, Ivor, and Nigel Scaife (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-32496">"Colles, Henry Cope (1879–1943), music historian and critic"</a>, <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 22 August 2019 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-times-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-times_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"British Music Society – An 'Unknown' Programme", <i>The Times</i>, 15 June 1921, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox Strangways, A. H. "Vaughan Williams", <i>Music & Letters</i>, April 1920, p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gram-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gram_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gram_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gram_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gutman, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gramophone.co.uk/feature/vaughan-williams-the-lark-ascending-which-recording-is-best">"The best recordings of Vaughan Williams’s The Lark Ascending"</a>, <i>Gramophone</i>, 13 October 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000041703">"Sul tasto"</a>, <i>Grove Music Online</i>, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 22 August 2019. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pbw-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pbw_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pbw_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pbw_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Borg-Wheeler, Philip (2014). Notes to Signum CD SIGCD399</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000018791">"Misura"</a>, <i>Grove Music Online</i>, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 22 August 2019. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughan Williams (1925), pp. 3–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughan Williams (1925), pp. 9–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vw13-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vw13_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vw13_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughan Williams (1925), p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fh-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fh_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Howes, pp. 97–98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000013745">"In alt"</a>, <i>Grove Music Online</i>, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 August 2019 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark, p. 186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-score1-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-score1_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-score1_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughan Williams (1925), p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-lark-ascending-9780193528208?cc=gb&lang=en&#"><i>The Lark Ascending</i></a>. Oxford University Press. 14 March 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-352820-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-352820-8"><bdi>978-0-19-352820-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lark+Ascending&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019-03-14&rft.isbn=978-0-19-352820-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Fthe-lark-ascending-9780193528208%3Fcc%3Dgb%26lang%3Den%26%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classical-music.com/reviews/choral-song/like-to-the-lark/">"Like to the Lark"</a>. <i>Classical Music</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classical+Music&rft.atitle=Like+to+the+Lark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classical-music.com%2Freviews%2Fchoral-song%2Flike-to-the-lark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/events/ef69hn">"BBC Singers: Edinburgh International Festival"</a>. <i>BBC Music Events</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Music+Events&rft.atitle=BBC+Singers%3A+Edinburgh+International+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fevents%2Fef69hn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy, p. 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark, p. 187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foreman, Lewis (2018). Notes to Onyx CD 4185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, Jeffrey (2018). Notes to Alto CD ALC 1384</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13728739">"Top Desert Island Disc"</a>, BBC;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.classicfm.com/view/59e81457e661f0f1398b87527lbfr.2wax/17f2cf9a">"Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture tops the Classic FM Hall of Fame for the first time ever!"</a>, April 2018; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://halloffame.classicfm.com/2018/">Hall of Fame poll results 2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a>;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/26/911-soundtrack-new-york-radio">"911 Soundtrack New York Radio"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 26 August 2011; and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionz.co.nz/concert/programmes/settlingthescore">"Radio New Zealand : Concert : Programmes : Settling the Score"</a>, Radionz.co.nz. Retrieved 7 September 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cowan, p. 106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WorldCat <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/966640431">966640431</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WorldCat <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1176371433">1176371433</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lark_Ascending_(Vaughan_Williams)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowan1998" class="citation book cs1">Cowan, Rob (1998). <i>Guinness Classical Top 1000: The Top 1000 Recordings of All Time</i>. London: Guinness. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85112-001-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85112-001-0"><bdi>978-0-85112-001-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+Classical+Top+1000%3A+The+Top+1000+Recordings+of+All+Time&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Guinness&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-85112-001-0&rft.aulast=Cowan&rft.aufirst=Rob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Savage2013" class="citation book cs1">De Savage, Heather (2013). "Chronology". In Alain Frogley and Aidan Thomson (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Vaughan Williams</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19768-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19768-7"><bdi>978-0-521-19768-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chronology&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Vaughan+Williams&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-521-19768-7&rft.aulast=De+Savage&rft.aufirst=Heather&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowes1954" class="citation book cs1">Howes, Frank (1954). <i>The Music of Ralph Vaughan Williams</i>. London: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1058036063">1058036063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Music+of+Ralph+Vaughan+Williams&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1058036063&rft.aulast=Howes&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1980" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Michael (1980) [1964]. <i>The Works of Ralph Vaughan Williams</i> (second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-315453-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-315453-7"><bdi>978-0-19-315453-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Ralph+Vaughan+Williams&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-19-315453-7&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2002" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Douglas (2002). <i>Masterworks of 20th-century Music: The Modern Repertory of the Symphony Orchestra</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93846-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93846-4"><bdi>978-0-415-93846-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masterworks+of+20th-century+Music%3A+The+Modern+Repertory+of+the+Symphony+Orchestra&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93846-4&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark2013" class="citation book cs1">Mark, Christopher (2013). "Chamber music and solo works with orchestra". In Alain Frogley and Aidan Thomson (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Vaughan Williams</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19768-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19768-7"><bdi>978-0-521-19768-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chamber+music+and+solo+works+with+orchestra&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Vaughan+Williams&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-521-19768-7&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan_Williams1925" class="citation book cs1">Vaughan Williams, Ralph (1925). <i>The Lark Ascending</i>. London: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/959315093">959315093</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lark+Ascending&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1925&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F959315093&rft.aulast=Vaughan+Williams&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan_Williams1964" class="citation book cs1">Vaughan Williams, Ursula (1964). <i>RVW: A Biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-315411-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-315411-7"><bdi>978-0-19-315411-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RVW%3A+A+Biography+of+Ralph+Vaughan+Williams&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0-19-315411-7&rft.aulast=Vaughan+Williams&rft.aufirst=Ursula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan_Williams1972–1973" class="citation journal cs1">Vaughan Williams, Ursula (1972–1973). "Ralph Vaughan Williams and his Choice of Words for Music". <i>Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association</i>. <b>99</b>: 81–89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjrma%2F99.1.81">10.1093/jrma/99.1.81</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/766156">766156</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Musical+Association&rft.atitle=Ralph+Vaughan+Williams+and+his+Choice+of+Words+for+Music&rft.volume=99&rft.pages=81-89&rft.date=1972%2F1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjrma%2F99.1.81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F766156%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Vaughan+Williams&rft.aufirst=Ursula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lark+Ascending+%28Vaughan+Williams%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Template:Ralph Vaughan Williams"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Template talk:Ralph Vaughan Williams"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ralph Vaughan Williams"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="List of compositions by Ralph Vaughan Williams">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hugh_the_Drover" title="Hugh the Drover">Hugh the Drover</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_in_Love" title="Sir John in Love">Sir John in Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Poisoned_Kiss" title="The Poisoned Kiss">The Poisoned Kiss</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riders_to_the_Sea_(opera)" title="Riders to the Sea (opera)">Riders to the Sea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pilgrim%27s_Progress_(opera)" title="The Pilgrim's Progress (opera)">The Pilgrim's Progress</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Job:_A_Masque_for_Dancing" title="Job: A Masque for Dancing">Job: A Masque for Dancing</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sea_Symphony" title="A Sea Symphony">A Sea Symphony</a></i> (Symphony No. 1)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_London_Symphony" title="A London Symphony">A London Symphony</a></i> (Symphony No. 2)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_Symphony_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Pastoral Symphony (Vaughan Williams)">Pastoral Symphony</a></i> (Symphony No. 3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Vaughan Williams)">Symphony No. 4 in F minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Vaughan Williams)">Symphony No. 5 in D major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Vaughan Williams)">Symphony No. 6 in E minor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinfonia_antartica" title="Sinfonia antartica">Sinfonia antartica</a></i> (Symphony No. 7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Symphony No. 8 (Vaughan Williams)">Symphony No. 8 in D minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Vaughan Williams)">Symphony No. 9 in E minor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Fen_Country" title="In the Fen Country">In the Fen Country</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Rhapsodies" title="Norfolk Rhapsodies">Norfolk Rhapsodies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_on_a_Theme_by_Thomas_Tallis" title="Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis">Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Variants_of_Dives_and_Lazarus" title="Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus">Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_a_Flemish_Farm" title="The Story of a Flemish Farm">The Story of a Flemish Farm</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_Grosso_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Concerto Grosso (Vaughan Williams)">Concerto Grosso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concertante</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Lark Ascending</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flos_Campi" title="Flos Campi">Flos Campi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Piano Concerto (Vaughan Williams)">Piano Concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suite_for_Viola_and_Orchestra_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Suite for Viola and Orchestra (Vaughan Williams)">Suite for Viola and Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe_Concerto_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Oboe Concerto (Vaughan Williams)">Oboe Concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_for_Two_Pianos_and_Orchestra_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra (Vaughan Williams)">Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_Concerto_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Tuba Concerto (Vaughan Williams)">Tuba Concerto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romance_for_viola_and_piano_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Romance for viola and piano (Vaughan Williams)">Romance for viola and piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Studies_in_English_Folk_Song" title="Six Studies in English Folk Song">Six Studies in English Folk Song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Choral music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cambridge_Mass" title="A Cambridge Mass">A Cambridge Mass</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Mystical_Songs" title="Five Mystical Songs">Five Mystical Songs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_on_Christmas_Carols" title="Fantasia on Christmas Carols">Fantasia on Christmas Carols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O_clap_your_hands_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="O clap your hands (Vaughan Williams)">O clap your hands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_G_minor_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Mass in G minor (Vaughan Williams)">Mass in G minor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sancta_Civitas" title="Sancta Civitas">Sancta Civitas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Magnificat (Vaughan Williams)">Magnificat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Tudor_Portraits" title="Five Tudor Portraits">Five Tudor Portraits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dona_nobis_pacem_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Dona nobis pacem (Vaughan Williams)">Dona nobis pacem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serenade_to_Music" title="Serenade to Music">Serenade to Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Oxford_Elegy" title="An Oxford Elegy">An Oxford Elegy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Folk_Songs_of_the_Four_Seasons" title="Folk Songs of the Four Seasons">Folk Songs of the Four Seasons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Shakespeare_Songs" title="Three Shakespeare Songs">Three Shakespeare Songs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O_taste_and_see" title="O taste and see">O taste and see</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hodie" title="Hodie">Hodie</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vocal music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Travel" title="Songs of Travel">Songs of Travel</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Whither_Must_I_Wander" title="Whither Must I Wander">Whither Must I Wander</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Wenlock_Edge_(song_cycle)" title="On Wenlock Edge (song cycle)">On Wenlock Edge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Hymns_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Four Hymns (Vaughan Williams)">Four Hymns</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Blake_Songs" title="Ten Blake Songs">Ten Blake Songs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Last_Songs_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="Four Last Songs (Vaughan Williams)">Four Last Songs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidental music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wasps_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="The Wasps (Vaughan Williams)">The Wasps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Nowell_(Vaughan_Williams)" title="The First Nowell (Vaughan Williams)">The First Nowell</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film scores</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/49th_Parallel_(film)" title="49th Parallel (film)">49th Parallel</a></i> (1940 drama film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Command_(film)" title="Coastal Command (film)">Coastal Command</a></i> (1942 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flemish_Farm" title="The Flemish Farm">The Flemish Farm</a></i> (1943 war film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stricken_Peninsula" title="Stricken Peninsula">Stricken Peninsula</a></i> (1945 propaganda film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Loves_of_Joanna_Godden" title="The Loves of Joanna Godden">The Loves of Joanna Godden</a></i> (1946 historical drama film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scott_of_the_Antarctic_(film)" title="Scott of the Antarctic (film)">Scott of the Antarctic</a></i> (1948 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Springs_(film)" title="Bitter Springs (film)">Bitter Springs</a></i> (1950 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_England_of_Elizabeth" title="The England of Elizabeth">The England of Elizabeth</a></i> (1955 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/English_Folk_Song_Suite" title="English Folk Song Suite">English Folk Song Suite</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Songs" title="Sea Songs">Sea Songs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Namesakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Williams_Memorial_Library" title="Vaughan Williams Memorial Library">Vaughan Williams Memorial Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Anglican church music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Bach_Choir" title="Bath Bach Choir">Bath Bach Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_the_ninth" title="Curse of the ninth">Curse of the ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Folk_Dance_and_Song_Society" title="English Folk Dance and Song Society">English Folk Dance and Song Society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Hymnal" title="The English Hymnal">The English Hymnal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The Oxford Book of Carols">The Oxford Book of Carols</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Promotion_of_New_Music" title="Society for the Promotion of New Music">Society for the Promotion of New Music</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Praise_(hymnal)" title="Songs of Praise (hymnal)">Songs of Praise</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Williams_and_English_folk_music" title="Vaughan Williams and English folk music">Vaughan Williams and English folk music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" 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